Humanism Learning Theory

Learning goal is to humanize humans. Will succeed if the student has to understand the environment and himself. This theory seeks to understand learning behavior from the viewpoint of the perpetrator, not from the perspective of her observations. The main goal of educators is to help the students to develop themselves, which helps individuals to recognize themselves as unique human beings and help in realizing the potentials that exist in them. The characters in the theory of humanism is 1. Arthur Combs (1912 - 1399) Learning occurs when a means for individuals, teachers can not impose material that does not like or are not relevant to their lives. 2. Abraham Maslow Maslow's theory is based on the assumption that individual within one of two things: 1. A positive effort to develop, 2. Strength to resist 3. Carl Rogers Rogers distinguished two types of learning namely: 1. Cognitive (significance), 2. Experiential (or significant experience), students' personal involvement, initiative, an evaluation by the students themselves, and there is a lasting effect on students. One of the open education model involves the concept of facilitative teaching and teacher who developed Rogers studied by Aspy and Roebuck in 1975 about the ability of teachers to create conditions that support the empathy, appreciation and positive feedback. The characteristics of a facilitative teacher is: 1. Responding to students' feelings 2. Using the ideas of students to carry out the interactions that have been designed 3. Dialogue and discussion with students 4. Respecting students 5. Correspondence between attitudes and actions 6. Customizing the content frame of mind of students (explanation to establish immediate needs of students) 7. Smiled at the students. Humanism theory Application of Student Learning The role of teachers in humanistic learning is to become a facilitator for the students while the teacher provides motivation, awareness of the meaning of learning in the lives of students. Teachers facilitate the learning experience to students and assist students to obtain learning goals. Students act as the main actors (student center) which defines the process of their own learning experience. It is expected that students understand the potential of themselves, develop themselves in a positive potential and minimize potential negative. The purpose of learning more to the process of learning rather than learning outcomes. The process is generally passed are: Excess Humanism Learning Theory 1. This theory is suitable to be applied in the learning material that is the formation of personality, conscience, change attitudes, and analysis of social phenomena. 2. Indicators of success of this application is the students feel happy excited, took the initiative in learning and change thought patterns, behaviors and attitudes of their own accord. 3. Students are expected to become a free man, not bound by the opinions of others and his own personal set in a responsible manner without compromising the rights of others or violate the rules, norms, disciplines or ethics. Lack of Humanism Learning Theory 1. Students who do not want to understand the potential for him will be left behind in the learning process. 2. Students who are inactive and lazy to learn to be self-defeating in the process of learning.

Constructivism Learning Theory

Constructivism theory is the learning that is generative, is actions create something of meaning from what is learned. One theory or well-known views related to learning theory of constructivism is Piaget's theory of mental development which is part of the cognitive theory as well. Piaget's theory of constructivism asserts that the emphasis on the process to find a theory or knowledge that is built from the ground realities. The role of teachers in learning according to the theory of constructivism is as a facilitator or moderator. The view of children from among the more recent constructivist developed from Piaget's cognitive learning theory states that knowledge is built in the mind of a child with the activities of assimilation and accommodation in accordance with the schemata they have. Unlike the cognitive style of Piaget's constructivism, social constructivism developed by Vigotsky is that learning for children is done in interaction with social and physical environment. that learning refers to learning theory of constructivism is more focused on student success in organizing their experiences. Non compliance of students in reflection on what has been ordered and carried out by teachers.

Behaviorism Learning Theory

Behaviorism theory is a theory which applies the principle of stimulus-response reinforcement. The point is that knowledge is formed through a stimulus-response bond is stronger when given reinforcement. Reinforcement was divided into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement as a stimulus, can increase the occurrence of repetitive behavior that. While negative reinforcement can lead to behavior is reduced or disappears. Figure of Behaviorism, 1. Edward Edward Lee Thorndike 2. Ivan Petrovich Palvov 3. Burrhus Frederic Skinner 4. Robert Gagne 5. Elbert Bandura Application Theory Teachers prepare lesson material in a form that is ready so that the learning objectives students must master delivered in full by the teacher. Teachers do not much give a lecture, but the instructions are followed by brief examples of well done alone or through simulation. Hierarchically arranged learning materials from the simple to the complex. Learning objectives divided into small sections which are marked by the achievement of a particular skill. Results-oriented learning that can be measured and observed. Errors must be corrected immediately. Repetition and practice are used so that the desired behavior can become a habit. Deficiency 1. A consequence for teachers, to prepare teaching materials in a form that is ready 2. Not every subject can use this method 3. Behaviorism the wrong application of the theory in a learning situation also resulted in the learning process is very unpleasant for students of the teacher as central, being authoritarian, oneway ongoing communication, teacher training and determine what students learned. 4. Pupils act as a listener in the process of learning and memorizing what is heard and seen as an effective way of learning 5. The use of punishment which is avoided by the Behaviorism figure that is regarded as the most effective method to curb student 6. Pupils deemed passive, need motivation from the outside and is strongly influenced by the reinforcement provided by teachers. Excess 1. Accustom teachers to be observant and sensitive to the situation and learning conditions 2. Behaviorism method is very suitable to acquire capabilities that need practice and conditioning that contain elements such as: speed, spontaneity, flexibility, reflection, durability, and so forth. 3. Teachers do not much give a lecture so that students accustomed to independent learning. If you find a new difficulty to the teacher in question asked 4. This theory is suitable to be applied to train the children who still need a dominance of adult roles, like to repeat and should be socialized, imitative and happy with the forms of such direct awards were given candy or praise.