EVIDENCE

Atty. Victor Y. Eleazar A. 1. General principles Concept of evidence Rule 128, Sec. 1 a. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. xiii. xiv. 2. Kinds and degrees of evidence Direct evidence and circumstantial evidence primary evidence and secondary evidence positive evidence and negative evidence corroborative evidence and cumulative evidence prima facie evidence and conclusive evidence relevant evidence and material evidence competent evidence irrelevant, immaterial, inadmissible and incompetent evidence rebuttal and sur-rebuttal evidence object (real) evidence documentary evidence testimonial evidence expert evidence substantial evidence

Scope of the Rules on Evidence Rule 128, Sec. 2 a. applicability of rules of evidence

Sasan v. NLRC, G.R. No. 176240, October 17, 2008, 569 SCRA 670 GSIS v. Villaviza, G.R. No. 180291, July 27, 2010, 625 SCRA 669 b. rules of evidence sanctioned by the Constitution 1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Sec. 5 (5)

3.

Evidence in civil cases versus evidence in criminal cases

a.

b. c.

quantum of evidence Rule 133, Sec. 1 Rule 133, Sec. 2 offer of compromise Rule 130, Sec. 27 presumption of innocence 1987 Const., Art. Ill, Sec. 14 (2) Rule 115, Sec. 1 (a)

4. 5. 6.

Proof versus evidence factum probans versus factum probandum Admissibility of evidence Rule 128, Sec. 3 a. Requisites for admissibility of evidence Rule 128, Sec. 3 i. Relevancy Rule 128, Sec. 4 Competency (not excluded by Rules) a) Exclusionary Rule
I)

ii.

1987 Const, Art III, Sec. 2

right against unreasonable search and seizure ii) 1987 Const, Art. Ill, Sec. 3 right to privacy and inviolability of communication in) 1987 Const., Art. Ill, Sec. 12 rights of a person under investigation for an offense Rep. Act No. 7438 (Act Defining Certain Rights of Persons, Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation) People v. Andan, G.R. No. 116437, March 3, 1997, 269 SCRA 95
IV)

1987 Const, Art III, Sec. 17

2

right against self-incrimination b) Rep. Act. No. 4200 (Anti-Wire Tapping Act)

Torralba v. People, G.R. No. 153699, August 22, 2005, 467 SCRA 552 Salcedo-Ortanez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110662, August 4, 1994, 235 SCRA 111 c) Bank secrecy laws

BSB Group Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, February 16, 2010, 612 SCRA 597 b. c. d. e. f. g. Relevance of evidence and collateral matters Rule 128, Sec. 4 Multiple admissibility Conditional admissibility Curative admissibility Direct and circumstantial evidence Positive and negative evidence i. alibi

Lejano v. People, G.R. No. 176389, December 14, 2010, 638 SCRA 104 Read also: Dissenting opinion of Justice Villarama Jr. h. Competent and credible evidence

People v. Espinosa, G.R. No. 72883, December 20,1989,180 SCRA 393 7. Burden of proof and burden of evidence Rule 131, Sec. 1

Davao Light and Power Co., Inc. v. Operia, G.R. No. 129807, December 9, 2005, 477 SCRA 58 8. Presumptions a. b. Conclusive presumptions Rule 131, Sec. 2 (a) and (b) Disputable presumptions

Rule 131, Sec. 3 i. Suppression of Evidence

Manila Bay Club Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110015, October 13, 1995, 249 SCRA 303 c. No presumption of legitimacy or illegitimacy Rule 131, Sec. 4

D.M. Consunji Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001, 357 SCRA 249 Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007, 540 SCRA 480 Del Carmen Jr. v. Bacoy, G.R. No. 173870, April 25, 2012 9. 10. Liberal construction of the rules of evidence Quantum of evidence (weight and sufficiency of evidence) a. Appreciation of evidence i. Equipoise rule

Sabili v. Comelec, G.R. No. 193261, April 24, 2012 Dado v. People, G.R. No. 131421, November 18, 2002, 392 SCRA 46 ii. English Exchequer Rule

People v. Teehankee, G.R. No. 111206-208, October 6,1995, 249 SCRA 54 iii. Subject to two interpretations

People v. Coderes, G.R. No. 136849, October 23, 2003, 414 SCRA 134 b. Proof beyond reasonable doubt Rule 133, Sec. 2 Rule 133, Sec. 3 Rule 133, Sec. 4
4

People v. Sasota, G.R. No. L-3544, April 18,1952, 91 Phil. 111 People v. Roluna, G.R. No. 101797, March 24, 1994, 231 SCRA 446 Degrees of proof in criminal cases i. filing the Information

Allado v. Diokno, G.R. No. 113630, May 5, 1994, 232 SCRA 192 ii. issuing a warrant of arrest

People v. Grey, G.R. No. 180109, July 26, 2010, 625 SCRA 523 iii. granting bail in capital offense

People v. Cabral, G.R. No. 131909, February 18, 1999, 303 SCRA 361 Paderanga v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115407, August 28, 1995, 247 SCRA 741 Leviste v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 189122, March 17, 2010, 615 SCRA 619 iv. c. d. e. conviction

Preponderance of evidence Rule 133, Sec. 1 Substantial evidence Rule 133, Sec. 5 Clear and convincing evidence

Duduaco v. Laquindanum, A.M. No. MTJ-05-1601, August 11, 2005, 466 SCRA 428 Reyes v. Mangino, A.M. MTJ-05-1575, January 31, 2005, 450 SCRA 27 Lopez v. Judge Fernandez, A.M. No. 2124-MJ, September 11, 1980, 99 SCRA 603 Dulay v. Lelina Jr., A.M. No. RTJ-99-1516, July 14, 2005, 463 SCRA 269 Spouses Manalo v. Roldan-Confesor, G.R. No. 102358, November 19, 1992, 215 SCRA 808 Spouses Manalo v. Roldan-Confesor, G.R. No. 102358, March 30, 1993 Resolution, 220 SCRA 606 Bautista v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 158015, August 11, 2004, 436 SCRA 5

141 Gohu v. Gohu, G.R. No. 128230, October 13, 2000, 343 SCRA 114 Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region v. Olalia Jr., G.R. No. 153675, April 19, 2007, 521 SCRA 470 People v.Janairo, G.R. No. 129254, July 22, 1999, 311 SCRA 58 Abarquez v. People, G.R. No. 150762, January 20, 2006, 479 SCRA 225 e. Circumstantial evidence Rule 133, Sec. 4

People v. Galvez, G.R. No. 157221, xMarch 30, 2007, 519 SCRA 521 People v. Pineda, G.R. No. 141644, May 27, 2004, 429 SCRA 478 Abad v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119739, June 18, 1998, 291 SCRA 56 People v. Villaflores, G.R. No. 184926, April 11, 2012 f. g. Power of court to stop further evidence Rule 133, Sec. 6 Evidence on motion Rule 133, Sec. 7

B. 1. 2.

Judicial notice and judicial admissions What need not be proved Matters of judicial notice a. b. Mandatory Rule 129, Sec. 1 Discretionary Rule 129, Sec. 2 Rule 129, Sec. 3

People v. Alido, G.R. No. L-12449, May 30, 1961, 2 SCRA 109 People v. Ayonayon, G.R. No. L-16664, March 30, 1962, 4 SCRA 721 People v. Madera, G.R. No. L-35133, May 31, 1974, 57 SCRA 349 People v. Sison, G.R. No. L-45857, October 27, 1983, 125 SCRA 369 Republic v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-54886, September 10, 1981, 107 SCRA 504 Latip v. Chua, G.R. No. 177809, October 16, 2009, 604 SCRA 163 6

Songco v. NLRC, G.R. Nos. 50999-51000, March 23, 1990, 183 SCRA 610 Mandarin Villa Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 119850, June 20, 1996, 257 SCRA 538 People v. Besmonte, G.R. Nos. 137278-79, February 17, 2003, 397 SCRA 513 Olizon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107075, September 1, 1994, 236 SCRA 148 State Prosecutors v. Muro, A.M. No. RTJ-92-876, September 19, 1994, 236 SCRA 505 People v. Tipay, G.R. No. 131472, March 28, 2000, 329 SCRA 52 People v. Marcelo, G.R. Nos. 126538-39, November 20, 2001, 369 SCRA 661 People v. Padilla, G.R. No. 137648, March 30, 2001, 355 SCRA 741 People v. Dumanon, G.R. No. 123096, December 18, 2000, 348 SCRA 461 Alabang Development Corp. v. Valenzuela, G.R. No. L-54094, August 30, 1982, 116 SCRA 261 Becmen Service Exporter v. Spouses Cuaresma, G.R. Nos. 182978-79, April 7, 2009, 584 SCRA 690 Jao v. CA, G.R. No. L-49162, July 28, 1987,152 SCRA 359 Pigao v. Rabanillo, G.R. No. 150712, May 2, 2006, 488 SCRA 546 Solidbank Corp. v. Mindanao Ferroalloy Corp., G.R. No. 153535, July 28, 2005, 464 SCRA 409 3. Judicial admissions Rule 129, Sec. 4 a. b. Effect of judicial admissions How judicial admissions may be contradicted

Saguid v. Security Finance, G.R. No. 159467, December 9, 2005, 477 SCRA 256 Simon v. Canlas, G.R. No. 148273, April 19, 2006,487 SCRA 433 ' Alfelor v. Halasan, G.R. No. 165987, March 31, 2006, 486 SCRA 451 4. Judicial notice of foreign laws, law of nations and municipal ordinance Doctrine of Processual Presumption Rule 130, Sec. 46

ATC1 Overseas Corp. v. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, October 11, 2010, 632 SCRA 528 Garcia v. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001, 366 SCRA 437
7

People v. L'mipang, G.R. No. 190321, April 25, 2012 Zafra v. People, G.R. No. 190749, April 25, 2012 7. a. b. c. d. e. Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11 -5-SC) A i eaning o f DNA Applicable for DNA testing order Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and admissibility Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing methodology

People v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, May 9, 2002, 382 SCRA 192 People v. Yatar, G.R. No. 150224, May 19, 2004, 428 SCRA 504 Agustin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 162571, June 15, 2005, 460 SCRA 315 Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005, 460 SCRA 197 Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007, 540 SCRA 481 Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011, 650 SCRA 667 Read: Development and Acceptance of DNA Test Results by David Robert C. Aquino, 540 SCRA 501 Documentary evidence Rule 130, Sec. 2 1. 2. 3. Meaning of documentary evidence Requisites for admissibility Best Evidence Rule Rule 130, Sec. 3

Ebreo v. Ebreo, G.R. No. 160065, February 28, 2006, 483 SCRA 583 The Consolidated Bank and Trust Corp. v. Del Monte Motor Works, G.R. No. 143338, July 29, 2005, 465 SCRA 117 Citibank, N.A. v. Sabeniano, G.R. No. 156132, October 12, 2006, 504 SCRA 378 Atienza v. Board of Medicine, G.R. No. 177407, February 9, 2011, 642 SCRA 523 a. Meaning of the rule
9

Read: Pleading and Providing Foreign Law and Divorce Judgments by Jorge R. Coquia, 366 SCRA 457 Object (real) evidence Rule 130, Sec. 1; autoptic proference

C.

Calde v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93980, June 27,1994, 233 SCRA 378 People v. Carreon, G.R. No. 108722, December 9, 1997, 282 SCRA 544 Balingit v. Comelec, G.R. No. 170300, February 9, 2007, 515 SCRA 404 1. 2. 3. Nature of object evidence Requisites for admissibility Categories of object evidence a. Photographs; Silent Witness Theory

Sison v. People, G.R. Nos. 108280-83, November 16, 1995, 250 SCRA 58 b. Physical evidence

People v. Estrebella, G.R. No. 71464, August 4, 1988, 164 SCRA 114 Tangan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105830, January 15, 2002, 373 SCRA 119 4. 5. Demonstrative evidence View of an object or scene a. Police line up for identifying suspect

People v. Amestuzo, G.R. No. 104383, July 12, 2001, 361 SCRA 184 6. Chain of custody in relation to Section 21 of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (Rep. Act No. 9165)

People v. dela Cruz, G.R. No. 181545, October 8, 2008, 568 SCRA 273 Reyes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 180177, April 18, 2012 8

b. c. d.

When applicable Meaning of original Rule 130, Sec. 4 Requisites for introduction of secondary evidence Rule 130, Sec. 5 Rule 130, Sec. 6 Rule 130, Sec. 7 Rule 130, Sec. 8

4.

Rules on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC) a. b. c. d. e. Meaning of electronic evidence; electronic data massage Probative value of electronic documents or evidentiary weight; method of proof Authentication of electronic documents and electronic signatures Electronic documents and the hearsay rule Audio, photographic, video and ephemeral evidence

Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud, A.M. No. CA-05-20-P, September 9, 2005, 469 SCRA 439 Nuez v. Cruz-Apao, A.M. No. CA-05-18-P, April 12, 2005, 455 SCRA 288 NAPOCOR v. Judge Codilk, G.R. No. 170491, April 4, 2007, 520 SCRA 412 Aznar v. Citibank, N.A. (Philippines), G.R. No. 164273, March 28, 2007, 519 SCRA 287. MCC Industrial Sales Corp. v. Ssangyong Corp., G.R. No. 170633, October 17, 2007, 536 SCRA 408 Ang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 182835, April 20, 2010, 618 SCRA 593 5. Parol Evidence Rule Rule 130, Sec. 9 a. b. c. Application of the parol evidence rule When parol evidence can be introduced Distinctions between the best evidence rule and parol evidence rule

Lequin v. Spouses Vizconde, G.R. No. 177710, October 12, 2009, 603 SCRA 407 Marquez v. Espejo, G.R. No. 168387, August 25, 2010, 629 SCRA 117

10

Salimbangon v. Tan, G.R. No. 185240, January 20, 2010, 610 SCRA 426 6. a. b. c. Authentication and proof of documents Meaning of authentication Public and private documents Rule 132, Sec. 19 When a private writing requires authentication; proof of a private writing Rule 132, Sec. 20

Malayan Insurance v. Philippine Nails and Wires Corp., G.R. No. 138084, April 10,2002, 380 SCRA 374 d. When evidence of authenticity of a private writing is not required (ancient documents) Rule 132, Sec. 21

Heirs of Demetria Lacsa v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 79597-98, May 20, 1994, 197 SCRA 234 e. How to prove genuineness of a handwriting Rule 132, Sec. 22

Sanson v. CA, G.R. No. 127745, April 22, 2003, 401 SCRA 349 Mariano v. Roxas, G.R. No. A.M. No. CA-02-14-P, July 31, 2002, 385 SCRA 500 People v. Pagpaguitan, G.R. No. 116599, September 27,1999, 315 SCRA 226 f. Public documents as evidence; proof of official record Rule 132, Sec. 23 Rule 132, Sec. 24 Attestation of a copy Rule 132, Sec. 25 Public record of a public document Rule 132, Sec. 26 Rule 132, Sec. 27 Proof of lack of record Rule 132, Sec. 28 How a judicial record is impeached

g. h.

i. i.

Rule 132, Sec. 29 k. Proof of notarial documents Rule 132, Sec. 30 Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010, 618 SCRA 298 1. How to explain alterations in a document Rule 132, Sec. 31 Rule 132, Sec. 32 Documentary evidence in an unofficial language Rule 132, Sec. 33

m.

Pan Pacific Industrial Sales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125283, February 10, 2006, 482 SCRA 164 Delfin v. Billones, G.R. No. 146550, March 17, 2006, 485 SCRA 38 Patula v. People, G.R No. 164457, April 11, 2012 E. Testimonial evidence Rule 130, Sec. 36 People v. Coca Jr., G.R. No. 133739, May 29, 2002, 382 SCRA 508 Read: Testimonial Evidence by Juliana C. Azarraga, 382 SCRA 522 1. Qualifications of a witness Rule 130, Sec. 20 Competency versus credibility of a witness

2.

Read: Credibility of Witnesses by Juliana C. Azarraga, 469 SCRA 672 3. Disqualifications of witnesses a. b. c. Disqualification by reason of mental capacity or immaturity Rule 130, Sec. 21 Disqualification by reason of marriage Rule 130, Sec. 22 Disqualification by reason of death or insanity of adverse party Rule 130, Sec. 23 (Dead Man's Statute)

Sanson v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127745, April 22, 2003, 401 SCRA 349 12

 Sunga-Chan v. Chua, G.R. No. 143340, August 15, 2001, 363 SCRA 249 d. i. Disqualification by reason of privileged communications Husband and wife Rule 130, Sec. 24(a)

Zulueta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107383, February 20, 1996, 253 SCRA 697 ii. Attorney and client Rule 130, Sec. 24(b)

People v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 115439-41, July 16, 1997, 275 SCRA 505 Regala v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105938, September 20, 1996, 262 SCRA 122 iii. Physician and patient Rule 130, Sec. 24(c)

Gonzales v CA, G.R. No. 117740, October 30, 1998, 298 SCRA 322 Lim v. CA, G.R. No. 91114. September 25, 1992, 214 SCRA 23 Krohn v. CA, G.R. No. 108854, June 14, 1994, 233 SCRA 146 Priest and penitent Rule 130, Sec. 24(d) v. Public officers Rule 130, Sec. 24(e) Parental and filial privilege rule Rule 130, Sec. 25 iv.

vi.

People v. Invention, G.R. No. 131636, March 5,2003, 398 SCRA 592 4. Examination of a witness Rule 132, Sec. 1 Rule 132, Sec. 2 a. Rights and obligations of a witness Rule 132, Sec. 3

13

i.

Right against self-incrimination 1987 Const, Art. Ill, Sec. 17 Rule 115, Sec. 1 (e)

Rosete v. Lim, G.R. No. 136051, June 8, 2006, 490 SCRA 125 People v. Judge Ayson, G.R. No. 85215, July 7, 1989, 175 SCRA 216 b. Order in the examination of an individual witness Rule 132, Sec. 4 i. Direct examination Rule 132, Sec. 5 ii. Cross examination Rule 132, Sec. 6 iii. Re-direct examination Rule 132, Sec. 7 iv. Re-cross examination Rule 132, Sec. 8 v. Recalling the witness Rule 132, Sec. 9 vi. examination of witnesses

Role of court in

Dans Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 127073, January 29, 1998, 285 SCRA 505 Read also Concurring and Dissenting opinion of Justice Regalado c. d. Leading and misleading questions Rule 132, Sec. 10 Methods of impeachment of adverse party's witness Rule 132, Sec. 11 Rule 132, Sec. 12 How the witness is impeached by evidence inconsistent statements (laying the predicate) Rule 132, Sec. 13 Additional rules on examination of witness i. Exclusion and separation of witnesses Rule 132, Sec. 15 ii. Memorandum Rule 132, Sec. 16 iii. Remainder admissible Rule 132, Sec. 17
14

e.

of

f.

iv.

Right to inspect writing Rule 132, Sec. 18

5.

Admissions and confessions Concept of adoptive admission

Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, April 3, 2001 Resolution, 356 SCRA 108 Republic v. Kendrick Development Corp., G.R. No. 149576, August 8, 2006, 498 SCRA 220 a. Res inter alios acta rule

People v. Gaudia, G.R. No. 146111, February 23, 2004, 423 SCRA 520 People v. Raquel, G.R. No. 119005, December 2,1996, 265 SCRA 248 Take note of Footnote No. 17, re: exceptions to the res inter alios acta rule People v. Using, G.R. No. 106210-11, January 30,1998, 285 SCRA 595 b. Admission by a party Rule 130, Sec. 26

Republic v. Bautista, G.R. No. 169801, September 11, 2007, 532 SCRA 598 c. Offer of compromise Rule 130, Sec. 27 Good Samaritan Rule Subsequent Remedial Measures

People v. Sabagala, G.R. No. 131040, October 5, 2001, 366 SCRA 618 d. Admission by a third party Rule 130, Sec. 28

Gutierrez v. Palattao, A.M. No. RTJ-95-1326, July 8, 1998,292 SCRA 26 Alonte v. Savellano Jr., G.R. No. 131652, March 9, 1998, 287 SCRA 245 e. f. Admission by a co-partner or agent Rule 130, Sec. 29 Admission by a conspirator

Rule 130, Sec. 30 Gardiner v. Magsalin, G.R. No. L-48185, August 18, 1941, 73 Phil. 114 People v. Cui, G.R. No. 121982, September 10, 1999, 314 SCRA 153 People v. Flores, G.R. No. 71980, March 18, 1991, 195 SCRA 295 g. Admission by privies Rule 130, Sec. 31 h. Admission by silence Rule 130, Sec. 32

Villanueva v. Balaguer, G.R. No. 180197, June 23, 2009, 590 SCRA 661 People v. Abo, G.R. No. 107235, March 2,1994, 230 SCRA 612 Compare: People v. Alegre, G.R. No. L-30423, November 7, 1979, 94 SCRA 109 People v. Paragsa, G.R. No. L-44060, July 20, 1978, 84 SCRA 105 i. Confessions Rule 130, Sec. 33

People v. Lorenzo, G.R. No. 110107, January 26, 1995, 240 SCRA 624 People v. Rapeza, G.R. No. 169431, April 4, 2007, 520 SCRA 596 Ladiana v. People, G.R. No. 144293, December 4, 2002, 393 SCRA 419 j. Similar acts as evidence Rule 130, Sec. 34 "Propensity" evidence

Boston Bank of the Phils, v. Manalo, G.R. No. 158149, February 9, 2006, 482 SCRA 109 People v. Santos, G.R. No. 100225-26, May 11, 1993, 221 SCRA 715 People v. Dadles, G.R. Nos. 118620-21, September 1,1997, 278 SCRA 393 6. Hearsay Rule Concept of independently relevant statement

Republic v. Heirs of Fehpe Alejaga Sr., G.R. No. 146030, December 3, 2002, 393 SCRA 361

16

a. b.

Meaning of hearsay Reason for exclusion of hearsay evidence

Philippine Free Press v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132864, October 24, 2005, 473 SCRA 639 Comilang v. Burcena, G.R. No. 146853, February 13, 2006, 482 SCRA 342 Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012 c. Exceptions to the hearsay rule i. Dying declaration Rule 130, Sec. 37

People v. Gado, G.R. No. 129556, November 11, 1998, 298 SCRA 466 People v. Odencio, G.R. No. L-31961, January 9, 1979, 88 SCRA 1 People v. Santos, G.R. No. 94545, April 4, 1997, 270 SCRA 650 People v. Serenas, G.R. No. 188124, June 29, 2010, 622 SCRA 485 Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006, 487 SCRA 405 ii. Declaration against interest Rule 130, Sec. 38

People v. Bernal, G.R. No. 113685, June 19, 1997, 274 SCRA 197 Parel v. Prudencio, G.R. No. 146556, April 19, 2006, 487 SCRA 405 iii. Act or declaration about pedigree Rule 130, Sec. 39

People v. Pruna, G.R. No. 138471, October 10, 2002, 390 SCRA 577 Tison v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 121027, July 31,1997, 276 SCRA 582 iv. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree Rule 130, Sec. 40

Jison v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124853, February 24,1998, 286 SCRA 495 Mendoza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 86302, September 24, 1991, 201 SCRA 675 v. Common reputation
17

Rule 130, Sec. 41 vi. Part of the res gestae Rule 130, Sec. 42

Ilocos Norte Electric Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R-No, 53401, November 6, 1989,179 SCRA 5 Bayquen v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93851, March 6, 1992, 207 SCRA 114 DBP Pool of Accredited Insurance Companies v. Radio Mindanao Network, Inc., G.R. No. 147039, January 27, 2006, 480 SCRA 314 People v. Palmones, G.R. No. 136303, July 18, 2000, 336 SCRA 80 People v. Villarama, G.R. No. 139211, February 12, 2003, 397 SCRA 306 vii. Entries in the course of business Rule 130, Sec. 43

Security Bank and Trust Co. v. Gan, G.R. No. 150464, June 27, 2006, 493 SCRA 239 Heirs of Ignacio Conti v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998, 300 SCRA 345 PAL v. Ramos, G.R. No. 92740, March 23, 1992, 207 SCRA 461 Read: Written Notations as Evidence: An Inquiry by Rogelio E. Subong, 207 SCRA, 473 Nestle Philippines, Inc. v. FY Sons Inc., G.R. No. 150780, May 5, 2006, 489 SCRA 624 viii Entries in official records Rule 130, Sec. 44

Barcelon Roxas Securities Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; G.R. No. 157064, August 7, 2006, 498 SCRA 126 People v. San Gabriel, G.R. No. 107735, February 1, 1996, 253 SCRA 84 Tarapen v. People, G.R. No. 173824, August 28, 2008, 563 SCRA 577 ix. Commercial lists and the like Rule 130, Sec. 45

PNOC Shipping and Transport Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107518, October 8, 1998, 297 SCRA 402 18

x.

Learned treaties Rule 130, Sec. 46 Testimony or deposition at a former trial Rule 130, Sec. 47

xi.

Manliclic v. Calaunan, G.R. No. 150157, January 25, 2007, 512 SCRA 642 xii. Newspapers or diary

Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15, April 3, 2001 Resolution, 356 SCRA 108 Bedol v. Comelec, G.R. No. 179830, December 3, 2009, 606 SCRA 554 7. Opinion rule Rule 130, Sec. 48 a. Opinion of expert witness Rule 130, Sec. 49

Jimenez v. Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations of the Unit Presbyterian Church in the USA, G.R. No. 140472, June 10, 2002, 383 SCRA 326 Heirs of Severa P. Gregorio v. CA, G.R. No. 117609, December 29, 1998, 300 SCRA 565 b. Opinion of ordinary witness Rule 130, Sec. 50

Hernandez v. San Juan-Santos, G.R. No. 166470, August 7, 2009, 595 SCRA 464 Fullero v. People, G.R. No. 170583, September 12, 2007, 533 SCRA 97 People v. Martinez, G.R. No. 116918, June 19, 1997, 274 SCRA 259 Dejesus v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127857, June 20, 2006, 491 SCRA 325 8. Character evidence a. cases 19 Criminal

b. c.

Rule 130, Sec. 51 (a) Civil cases Rule 130, Sec. 51 (b) Good character of a witness Rule 130, Sec. 51 (c) Rule 132, Sec. 14

People v. Lee, G.R. No. 139070, May 29, 2002, 382 SCRA 598 Civil Service Commission v. Belagan, G.R. No. 132164, October 19, 2004, 440 SCRA 578 People v. Edualino, G.R. No. 119072, April 11,1997, 271 SCRA 189 People v. Deopita, G.R. No. 130601, December 4, 2000, 436 SCRA 794 9. Rule on Examination of a Child witness (A.M. No. 004-07-SC) a. Applicability of the rule b. Meaning of "child witness" c. Competency of a child witness d. Examination of a child witness e. Live-link TV testimony of a child witness f. \ ideotaped deposition of a child witness g. Hearsay exception in child abuse cases h. Sexual abuse shield rule Rep. Act No. 8505 (Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998), Sec. 6 (Rape Shield) See People v. Lee, 382 SCRA 598 (footnote 42) i. Protective orders

Obedencio v. Judge Murillo, A.M. No. RT|-03-1753, February 5, 2004, 422 SCRA 21 People v. Baring, Jr., G.R. No. 137933, January 28, 2002, 374 SCRA 696 People v. Rama, G.R. No. 136304, January 25, 2001, 350 SCRA 266 10. Reference to a Memorandum Rule 132, Sec. 16

People v. Plasencia, G.R. No. 90198, November 7, 1995, 249 SCRA 674 Canque v. CA, G.R. No. 96202, April 13, 1999, 305 SCRA 579

20

Offer and objection 1. Offer of evidence Rule 132, Sec. 34

Candido v, Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107493, February 1, 1996, 253 SCRA 78 Villaluz v. Ligon, G.R. No. 143721, August 31, 2005, 468 SCRA 486 Tabuena v. CA, G.R. No. 85423, May 6, 1991,196 SCRA 650 2. When to make an offer Rule 132, Sec. 35

People v. Yap, G.R. No. 103517, February 9,1994, 229 SCRA 787 3. 4. 5. Objection Rule 132, Sec. 36 Repetition of an objection Rule 132, Sec. 37 Ruling Rule 132, Sec. 38

People v. Godoy, G.R. No. 115908-09, December 6, 1995. 250 SCRA 676 6. 7. Striking out of an answer Rule 132, Sec. 39 Tender of excluded evidence Rule 132, Sec. 40