02Environmental+Biotechnology+ +chapter+26+ +26+03+2011

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu

Feb. 2011
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 26
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Modeling suspended growth
treatment process
CONTENTS
Purpose
The complete-mix reactor without recycle
The complete-mix reactor with recycle
PURPOSES
Purpose of modeling suspended growth
treatment processes?
To assess treatability of wastewater
To obtain model kinetic coefficient
COMPLETE-MIX REACTOR
WITHOUT RECYCLE
V, X, S
Q
S
0

X
0

Q
S
X
WITHOUT RECYCLE
WITHOUT RECYCLE
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Biomass mass balance
Rate of
accumulation of
microorganism
within the system
boundary
Rate of flow of
microorganism
into the system
boundary
=
-
Rate of flow of
microorganism
out of the
system
boundary
+
Net growth of
microorganism
within the
boundary
Accumulation = inflow outflow + net growth
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Symbolic representation
'
0
.
g
Vr QX QX V
dt
dX
+ =
dX/dt = rate of change of biomass concentration in reactor measured as g VSS/m
3
.d
V = reactor volume, m
3
Q = influent flow-rate, m
3
/d
X
o
= concentration of biomass in influent, g VSS/m
3
X = concentration of biomass in the reactor, g VSS/m
3
r
g
= net rate of biomass production, g VSS/m
3
.d
WITHOUT RECYCLE
'
0
.
g
Vr QX QX V
dt
dX
+ =
At steady state dX/dt = 0
Assumed X
o
~ 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ = X k
S K
SX
V QX
d
S
m
0 0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ = X k
S K
SX
V QX
d
S
m
0 0
d
S
m
k
S K
S
+
=

u
1
WITHOUT RECYCLE
d
S
m
k
S K
S
+
=

u
1
( )
( )
( )
( ) 1
1
1
1

+
=

+
=
d
d S
d m
d S
k Yk
k K
k
k K
S
u
u
u
u
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Substrate mass balance
Accumulation = inflow outflow utilization
su
Vr QS QS V
dt
dS
=
0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
su
Vr QS QS V
dt
dS
=
0
At steady state dS/dt = 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
S K
kSX
V QS QS
s
0
0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
S K
kSX
V QS QS
s
0
0
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
S K
kSX
V S S Q
s
0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
S K
kSX
V S S Q
s
0
S K
kSX S S
S
+
=
u
0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
S
Y
S K S S
kS
S K S S
X
m
S S
u u
+
=
+
=
0 0
( ) ( )
u
u
u
d
d
k
S S Y
k
S S Y
X
+

=
+
=
1
1
1
0 0
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Determine model kinetic coefficient
kS
S K
S S
X
S K
kSX S S
S
S
+
=
+
=
0
0
u
u
k S k
K
S S
X
s
1 1
0
+ =
u
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Determine model kinetic coefficient
k
K
tg
S
= o
S
1
k
1
S S
X
0
u
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Determine Y and k
d
from modeling of the
complete-mix reactor without recycle

WITHOUT RECYCLE
( )
u
d
k
S S Y
X
+

=
1
0
Y Y
k
X
S S
d o
1 1
+ =
u
WITHOUT RECYCLE
Y
k
d
X
S S
o

Y
1
u
1
= o tg
ASSIGNMENT 3
Determine k and K
s

No.
S
o
(mg/L) S
(mg/L)
u
(ngy)

X (mg
VSS/L)
1 2000 250 0.4 800
2 2000 200 0.4 1000
3 2000 160 0.4 1300
4 2000 120 0.4 1600
5 2000 60 0.4 2000
WITH RECYCLE
WITH RECYCLE
WITH RECYCLE
HRT
Q
V
= u
Q
V V
L
+
= u
WITH RECYCLE
SRT
r W e e
c
X Q X Q
VX
+
= u
X Q X Q
VX
W e e
c
+
= u
WITH RECYCLE
In case of no return sludge
SRT = HRT
WITH RECYCLE
( ) V r X Q X Q Q QX V
dt
dX
g R W e W o
+ + = ] [
WITH RECYCLE
( ) V r X Q X Q Q QX V
dt
dX
g R W e W o
+ + = ] [
At steady state dX/dt = 0
Assumed X
o
~ 0
(Q Q
W
)X
e
+ Q
w
X
R
= r
g
V
WITH RECYCLE
(Q Q
W
)X
e
+ Q
w
X
R
= r
g
V
d
S
m
r W e e
k
S K
S
VX
X Q X Q
+
=
+

( )
R W e W
X Q X Q Q
VX
SRT
+
=
WITH RECYCLE
d
S
m
r W e e
k
S K
S
VX
X Q X Q
+
=
+

d
S
m
c
k
S K
S
+
=

u
1
( )
( )
( )
( ) 1
1
1
1

+
=

+
=
d c
c d S
d m c
c d S
k Yk
k K
k
k K
S
u
u
u
u
WITH RECYCLE
Accumulation = inflow outflow + generation
( )
su W W r r
Vr S Q S Q Q Q S Q S Q V
dt
dS
+ + + =
0
.
( )
su
r V S S Q V
dt
dS
. .
0
+ =
WITH RECYCLE
V r QS QS V
dt
dS
su o
+ =
At steady state dS/dt = 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
S K
kXS
Q
V
S S
s
o
WITH RECYCLE
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
S K
kXS
Q
V
S S
s
o
S K
kSX S S
s
+
=
u
0
WITH RECYCLE
S K
kSX S S
s
+
=
u
0
( )
c d
c
k
S S Y
X
u u
u
+

=
1
0
( ) ( )
u
u
u
S S Y
k
S S
S
Y
S K
X
d
c
m
S

+
=
+
=
0 0
1
1
WITH RECYCLE
Determine kinetic coefficients from
modeling of the complete-mix reactor
with recycle

WITH RECYCLE
( )
c d
c
k
S S Y
X
u u
u
+

=
1
0
Y
k
Y X
S S
d
c
o
+ =
u u
1 1
WITH RECYCLE
Y
k
d
Y
1
= o tg
X
S S
o
u
c
u
1
WITH RECYCLE
Design and operating parameters
Food to microorganism (F/M) ratio
Total applied substrate rate QS
o

F/M = ----------------------------------- = ------
Total microbial biomass VX
F/M = food to biomass ratio, g BOD or bsCOD/g VSS.d
Q = influent wastewater flow-rate, m
3
/d
WITH RECYCLE
Design and operating parameters
Organic volumetric loading rate
kg g V
QS
L
o
org
/ 10
3
=
L
org
= volumetric organic loading, kg BOD/m
3
.d
Q = influent wastewater flow-rate, m
3
/d
S
o
= influent BOD concentration, g/m
3
V = aeration tank volume, m
3
WITH RECYCLE
Oxygen requirement
Oxygen used = bCOD removed COD of waste sludge
R
o
= Q(S
o
S) 1.42 P
x,bio

R
o
= oxygen required, kg/d
P
x,bio
= biomass as VSS wasted per day, kg/d
WITH RECYCLE
Mixed liquor solids concentration and solids production
SRT
V X
P
T
VSS X
T
=
,
P
XT, VSS
= total solids wastes daily, g VSS/d
X
T
= total MLVSS concentration in aeration tank, g VSS/m
3
V = volume of rector, m
3
SRT = solid retention time, d
WITH RECYCLE
Mixed liquor solids concentration
X
T
= X + X
i

biomass
concentration
nbVSS
concentration
MLVSS = +
nbVSS
inf

nbVSS
waste per day

From cell decay
Affected by
WITH RECYCLE
X
T
= X + X
i

Accumulation = inflow outflow + generation
V r
SRT
V X
QX V
dt
dX
i x
i
i o
i
, ,
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
X
o,i
= nbVSS concentration in influent, g/m
3
X
i
= nbVSS concentration in aeration tank, g/m
3
r
X,i
= rate of nbVSS production from cell debris, g/m
3
.d
WITH RECYCLE
V r
SRT
V X
QX V
dt
dX
i x
i
i o
i
, ,
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
At steady state dX
i
/dt = 0
V r
SRT
V X
QX
i X
i
i o , ,
0 + =
SRT X k f
SRT
X X
d d i o i
+ =
t
,
WITH RECYCLE
X
T
= X + X
i

( )
t t
SRT X
SRT X k f
SRT k
S S Y SRT
X
i o
d d
d
o
T
+ +
+

=
,
1
Heterotrophic
biomass
Cell
debris
nbVSS
inf

WITH RECYCLE
Solid production
( )
t t
SRT X
SRT X k f
SRT k
S S Y SRT
X
i o
d d
d
o
T
+ +
+

=
,
1
SRT
V X
P
T
VSS X
T
=
,
( )
i o d d
d
o
VSS X
QX XV k f
SRT k
S S QY
P
, ,
1
+ +
+

=
WITH RECYCLE
Solid production
( )
i o d d
d
o
VSS X
QX XV k f
SRT k
S S QY
P
, ,
1
+ +
+

=
( )
(
+

|
.
|
\
|
=
SRT k
S S Y SRT
X
d
o
1 t
( ) ( )
i o
d
o d d
d
o
VSS X
QX
SRT k
SRT S S YQ k f
SRT k
S S QY
P
, ,
1 1
+
+

+
+

=
Heterotrophic
biomass
Cell
debris
nbVSS
inf

WITH RECYCLE
Solid production
( ) ( )
i o
d
o d d
d
o
VSS X
QX
SRT k
SRT S S YQ k f
SRT k
S S QY
P
, ,
1 1
+
+

+
+

=
Heterotrophic
biomass
Cell
debris
nbVSS
inf

A B
C
( )
o o TSS X
VSS TSS Q C
B A
P + + + =
85 . 0 85 . 0
,
net waste activated sludge produced each day, measured in terms of TSS, kg/d
WITH RECYCLE
Solid production
Mass of MLVSS = X
VSS
.V = P
X,VSS
.SRT
Mass of MLSS = X
TSS
.V = P
X,TSS
.SRT
WITH RECYCLE
Observed yield
( ) ( )
i o
d
o d d
d
o
VSS X
QX
SRT k
SRT S S YQ k f
SRT k
S S QY
P
, ,
1 1
+
+

+
+

=
Q(S
o
-S)
S S
X
SRT k
SRT Y k f
SRT k
Y
Y
o
i o
d
d d
d
obs
+
+

+
+
=
,
1 1
Y
obs
= g VSS/g substrate removed
Assignment 4
S
0
(mg COD/L)
S (mg COD/L) X (mg VSS/L)
400 50 1000
800 80 1500
1200 100 1800
1600 120 2000
2000 200 2000
k and K
s ?

Q = 10 m
3
/h and V = 60 m
3

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ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu

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