Transverse tarsal joint locks with supination & inversion of foot (from toe-off to push-off) o sequence tibialis contract

t and first ray dosiflexes and drives forefoot into supination and inversion plantar fascia tightens through windlass mechanism and hindfoot goes into varus and obligatory external tibial rotation transverse tarsal become nonparallel and lock this gives the foot the lever arm it needs for push off Transverse tarsal joint unlocks with pronation & eversion (from heel strike to flat foot) o sequence tibialis anterior relaxes and first ray plantar flexes forefoot pronates and everts hindfoot goes into valgus transverse tarsal joint becomes parallel and unlocks allows the foot to absorb shock and conform into the flat foot position

Ankle Biomechanics Joint reaction force (R)x o tibiotalar joint o 5 times body weight with walking on level surfaces o Ground forces for walking reach 1.5 times body weight Instant center of rotation o instant center of rotation within talus o dorsiflexion, abduction, and external rotation are coupled movements in ankle talus and fibula must slightly externally rotate with dorsiflexion syndesmosis screws will limit external rotation Arthrodesis o optimal position neutral dorsiflexion 5-10 of external rotation 5 of hindfoot valgus Subtalar Biomechanics Instant center of rotation o joint functions as an oblique hinge o dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion in pronation, inversion in

supination, plantar flexion are all coupled movement Foot Biomechanics Joint reaction force (R)x o 1.2 times body weight with walking o 3 times body weight with running Anatomic mechanics o consists of three arches second MT (Lisfranc) joint is a key-like structure and stabilizes the 2nd MT, allowing it to carry most of the load during gait first MT carries most of load with standing Foot Biomechanics
Stance Phase 62% Heel Strike Foot Flat Toe Off Inverted Everted Inverted parallel locked Trans tarsal j. Locked externally rotates interanlly rotates Tibia neutral valgus Calcaneus everts inverts Subtalar j. Trans tarsal j. parellel and locked unlock contracts Tibialis ant. eccentrically relaxed contracts Gastroc contracts concentrically eccentrically