Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09

AMA286 Tutorials
KF Hung
Department of Applied Mathematics
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
September 5, 2011
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Question
Evaluate the 1st and 2nd order partial derivatives of the
following:
1
n = c

cos j + r
2
+ rj j
2
2
n = j

+ c

ln j
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1

= c

cos j + 2r + j,

= c

sin j + r 2j,

2
= c

cos j + 2,

2

2
= c

cos j 2,

= c

sin j + 1 =

2

.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1

= c

cos j + 2r + j,

= c

sin j + r 2j,

2
= c

cos j + 2,

2

2
= c

cos j 2,

= c

sin j + 1 =

2

.
2

= j

ln j + jc

ln j

= rj
1
+ rc

ln j +
1

2
= (ln j)
2
j

+ j
2
c

ln j

2
= r(r 1) j
2
+ r
2
c

ln j + 2

2
c

= j
1
+ rj
1
ln j + c

ln j + rjc

ln j + c

= rj
1
ln j +j
1
+c

(ln j + 1) +rjc

ln j =

2

Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Question
For )(r, j) =
2
+3
, verify that
1
r)

(r, j) + j )

(r, j) = 0;
2
r
2
)

(r, j) + 2rj)

(r, j) + j
2
)

(r, j) = 0.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1
)

(r, j) =
7j
(r + 3j)
2
, )

(r, j) =
7r
(r + 3j)
2
r)

(r, j)+j)

(r, j) = (r)
[
7j
(r + 3j)
2
]
+(j)
[
7r
(r + 3j)
2
]
= 0.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1
)

(r, j) =
7j
(r + 3j)
2
, )

(r, j) =
7r
(r + 3j)
2
r)

(r, j)+j)

(r, j) = (r)
[
7j
(r + 3j)
2
]
+(j)
[
7r
(r + 3j)
2
]
= 0.
2
)

=
14j
(r + 3j)
3
, )

=
42r
(r + 3j)
3
, )

=
7r 21j
(r + 3j)
3
L.H.S. = r
2
14j
(r + 3j)
3
+ 2rj
7r 21j
(r + 3j)
3
+ j
2
42r
(r + 3j)
3
= 0
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Dierentiate r)

(r, j) +j)

(r, j) with respect to r and j yields

)

(r, j) + r)

(r, j) + j)

(r, j) = 0 (1.1)
and
r)

(r, j) + )

(r, j) + j)

(r, j) = 0 (1.2)
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Dierentiate r)

(r, j) +j)

(r, j) with respect to r and j yields

)

(r, j) + r)

(r, j) + j)

(r, j) = 0 (1.1)
and
r)

(r, j) + )

(r, j) + j)

(r, j) = 0 (1.2)
r (1) + j (2) yields
r
2
)

(r, j) + rj)

(r, j) + rj)

(r, j) + j
2
)

(r, j) = 0.
Since )

= )

, we have
r
2
)

(r, j) + 2rj)

(r, j) + j
2
)

(r, j) = 0.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Question
Suppose the function )(r, j) is transformed to 1(n, ) by the
change of variables r = n
2

2
and j = 2n. Show that
(
1
n
)
2
+
(
1

)
2
= 4(n
2
+
2
)
[
(
)
r
)
2
+
(
)
j
)
2
]
.
Prove that if n

= 0, then )(r, j) is independent of r.

Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1
n
=
)
r
r
n
+
)
j
j
n
=
)
r
(2n) +
)
j
(2) = 2n
)
r
+ 2
)
j
1

=
)
r
r

+
)
j
j

=
)
r
(2) +
)
j
(2n) = 2
)
r
+ 2n
)
j
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
1
n
=
)
r
r
n
+
)
j
j
n
=
)
r
(2n) +
)
j
(2) = 2n
)
r
+ 2
)
j
1

=
)
r
r

+
)
j
j

=
)
r
(2) +
)
j
(2n) = 2
)
r
+ 2n
)
j
(
1
n
)
2
+
(
1

)
2
=
(
2n
)
r
+ 2
)
j
)
2
+
(
2
)
r
+ 2n
)
j
)
2
= 4n
2
(
)
r
)
2
+ 4
2
(
)
j
)
2
+ 4
2
(
)
r
)
2
+ 4n
2
(
)
j
)
2
= 4
(
n
2
+
2
)
[
(
)
r
)
2
+
(
)
j
)
2
]
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
If n
1
n

1

= 0, then
n
(
2n
)
r
+ 2
)
j
)

(
2
)
r
+ 2n
)
j
)
= 0
2
(
n
2
+
2
)
)
r
= 0
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
If n
1
n

1

= 0, then
n
(
2n
)
r
+ 2
)
j
)

(
2
)
r
+ 2n
)
j
)
= 0
2
(
n
2
+
2
)
)
r
= 0
Therefore,
)
r
= 0 or (n = 0 and = 0).
If

= 0, ) (r, j) = p (j), which is dependent on j only. Thus,

) (r, j) is independent of r.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Question
Let n(r, t) = )(r + ot) + p(r ot) where ) and p are C
2
functions and o is a constant. Show that
n

= o
2
n

.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
Let n = r + ot and = r ot. Then n = )(n) + p(), and
n
r
= 1

r
= 1
n
t
= o

t
= o
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
Let n = r + ot and = r ot. Then n = )(n) + p(), and
n
r
= 1

r
= 1
n
t
= o

t
= o
n
r
= )

(n)
n
r
+ p

()

r
= )

(n) + p

()

2
n
r
2
= )

(n)
n
r
+ p

()

r
= )

(n) + p

()
n
t
= )

(n)
n
t
+ p

()

t
= o)

(n) op

()

2
n
t
2
= o)

(n)
n
t
op

()

t
= o
2
)

(n) + o
2
p

() = o
2

2
n
r
2
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Question
Let \(r, j) be a dierentiable function. Suppose that
r = : cos 0 and j = : sin 0. Prove that
(
\
r
)
2
+
(
\
j
)
2
=
(
\
:
)
2
+
1
:
2
(
\
0
)
2
.
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
\
:
= cos 0
\
r
+ sin 0
\
j
,
\
0
= : sin 0
\
r
+ : cos 0
\
j
Tutorial 08 Tutorial 09
Solution
\
:
= cos 0
\
r
+ sin 0
\
j
,
\
0
= : sin 0
\
r
+ : cos 0
\
j
Therefore,
[
\
:
]
2
= cos
2
0
[
\
r
]
2
+ sin
2
0
[
\
j
]
2
+ 2 sin 0 cos 0
\
r
\
j
[
\
0
]
2
= :
2
sin
2
0
[
\
r
]
2
+ :
2
cos
2
0
[
\
j
]
2
2:
2
sin 0 cos 0
\
r
\
j
and
(
\
:
)
2
+
1
:
2
(
\
0
)
2
=
(
\
r
)
2
+
(
\
j
)
2