Effects of Health Education in the compliance of Teenage Mothers (13-19 years old) towards Cervical Cancer Prevention in Selected

Barangays in Indang, Cavite

STATEMENT OF NEEDS
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in the Philippines. It is estimated that 12 women die of cervical cancer every day, while around 5 out of 10 women suffering from the cancer may die within five years. Women who are at increased risk for acquiring this disease are those who engaged in sexual intercourse before 18 years old, had a pregnancy on teenage years, have at least 5 sexual partners or have a partner with at least 5 sexual partners.

In the Philippines, Filipino teens are so much exposed to sex from the internet, magazines, TV shows, movies and other media than before however; there is no equivalent enhancement of information on how to deal with the outcome commonly referred as teenage pregnancy. According to the studies conducted by World Bank, the Philippines is one of the top 10 countries where there is an increasing number of teenage mothers reaching 3.6 million and about 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 years old had a premarital sex experience.

(University of the Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, 2002) As reported by the 2005 World Health Organization-Western Pacific Regional Office (WHO-WPRO) that the mean age of sexual debut is 14-15 years. In year 2002, 23% of young adults had engaged in premarital sex and the number steadily increased over the last decade. This leads to acceleration into marriage at an early age or live-in arrangements.

Indang, being a rural upland town in Southern Cavite has a higher need for information dissemination regarding reproductive health programs lead by the Department of Health. Since the town of Indang has a total population size of 28, 531 for female residents as of year 2010, it is essential to enhance their awareness specifically teenage mothers (13-19 years old) to improve their compliance towards cervical cancer prevention.

In todays generation, more female teenagers practice sex at a younger age leading to a higher likelihood of going through several sexual partners thus increasing exposure in acquiring the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) which may possibly develop to cervical cancer. This issue calls for a comprehensive evidence-based sexual and reproductive health program that should be taken consideration for the needs of the youth. It should have a clear and concise guideline, which is national in scope that will provide young people with access to available health services.

Cervical cancer deserves special attention on the global scale; it might be the most preventable major form of cancer since there are screening programs presently available in the Philippines. These include Pap smears, single visit approach utilizing visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) followed by Cryotherapy, as well as Colposcopy and HPV vaccination which aims to have early detection and decrease prevalence of cervical cancer.

These facts support the increasing need for the teenage mothers of selected barangays in Indang, Cavite to be assess for their level of awareness and to evaluate their understanding about the need for compliance towards cervical cancer prevention through health education by reinforcing knowledge about the conducted health programs made by the Department of Health for all the Filipinos.

GOALS

To find out the compliance and conformity of selected barangays particularly teenage mothers (13-19 years old) in increasing the percentage of cervical cancer prevention and reducing the prevalence of the said disease. To assess the effectiveness of the health teaching performed for the respondents through the use of a modified pamphlet, posters and actual presentation of necessary facts and details regarding ways to prevent cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVES
The researchers are to determine whether:

Demographic profile of the teenage mothers (1319 years old) in each selected barangays to determine their specific needs in providing health education. High incidence rate of teenage mothers practicing inappropriate lifestyle management and sexual practices which predisposed them to have cervical cancer.

Assess and analyze the contributory factors affecting the compliance of teenage mothers towards cervical cancer prevention such as age, socio-economic status, educational attainment, lifestyle, sexual and hygienic practices. The target population follow preventive measures like consulting health care providers to be knowledgeable about the necessary facts and risks about cervical cancer.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the available cervical cancer screening procedures introduced by the Department of Health that the respondents may utilize. The responsible health team personnel specifically barangay health workers (BHW) disseminate information regarding DOH programs focusing on cervical cancer.

METHODOLOGY
Research

Design: Non-experimental research (Descriptive)

Sampling

Plan: Probability and Non-probability Sampling (Cluster / Multistage Sampling and Quota Sampling)

Selecting the town of Indang serves as the first unit of the target population. In drawing a sample of respondents, we will first draw a random sample of barangays in Indang through the use of Fishbowl technique. After obtaining the selected barangays, we will determine the total population of teenage mothers (13-19 years old).

The total population will be divided in half and this will be divided into the 17 selected barangays. The quotient will serve as the number of respondents desired for each barangay (quota sampling). This will be the final selection wherein the researchers will mainly focus on teenage mothers.

 Instrument

Use: Survey questionnaires, Pamphlets, Posters

Statistical

Analysis: Paired t Test

Studying the effects of health education in the compliance of teenage mothers (13-19 years old) towards cervical cancer prevention in selected barangays in Indang, Cavite. A sample of teenage mothers is randomly selected, and their compliance towards cervical cancer prevention will be evaluated before and after a week of health teaching.

The hypotheses being tested are: H0:x = y HA:x y X= Result of pre-test in compliance on cervical cancer prevention Y= Result of post-test in compliance on cervical cancer prevention A t-statistics then would be computed from pre-test and post-test data.

PERSONNEL

Mizpah T. Cortes, SN She is the Research Assistant who will be assigned such tasks as library research, data coding and contributes to conceptualization of the project, instrumentation, development of a coding scheme, analysis of the data and report preparation.

Bianca D. Mendoza, SN She is the Data Collector who will be accountable for data collection and perform secretarial and clerical functions including maintenance of project records, preparation of forms and providing of project stipend.

Alyssa Jane L. Nuestro, SN She is the Principal Investigator who will be responsible for overall project conceptualization and management, instrument development, data quality control, data analysis, and report preparation.

TIMELINE OF ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES (5 days) Submission & approval of research proposal Title Defense Gathering of information for Review of Related Literature Making the introduction & formulation of Research questions Consultation with research adviser Submission & approval of chapters 1,2&3 Revisions Sending
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

CONTINUATION..
ACTIVITIES (5 days) Data Collection Making of survey questionnaires Submission & approval of questionnaires Submission of requests & interview of selected barangays of Indang, Cavite Questionnaire dissemination Analyzation of results (Statistical analysis) Preparation & completion of manuscript
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

EVALUATION TOOL
1. Pre-Test and Post Test on Cervical Cancer Prevention This will be used to evaluate the compliance of the teenage mothers regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention before and after conducting health teaching on the selected barangays in Indang, Cavite.

2. Coordinate with Barangay Health Workers in each selected barangay to know the total number of teenage mothers participating on the programs of the Department of Health concerning Cervical Cancer Prevention.

REFERENCES
o

www.Xoutcervicalcancer.com.ph Stanley M. Pathology and epidemiology of HPV infection in females.Gynecologic Oncology2010; 117(2 Suppl):S510.[PubMed Abstract] http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/2006/hp vstatement http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2676501/ http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/suppl_1/S52.full

PRESENTED BY: Cortes, Mizpah T. Mendoza, Bianca D. Nuestro, Alyssa Jane L.