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CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE GLASS CEILING

Sage

Author(s): Erik Olin Wright and Janeen Baxter 6 dec 2000 publish by
Publications, inc

The authors criticize the glass ceiling on two principal grounds: (1) the glass ceiling is about more than access to step by step positions it also concerns access to income and status. (2) the second thing here the article says is the glass ceiling and the sticky floor are the same things like it may b just happens in the lower level organizations

So there they are defining the criteria of glass ceiling

Situation 1: Men have a higher chance of being promoted than women at every level of the organization, but this chance gap does not increase with level. Situation 2: The amount of the obstacles to promotion women face compared with men increases as one moves up the organization so that the chances of a woman being promoted compared with a man turn down with organizational level.

Discrimination harassment and glass ceiling

Published by: Springer april 2002

Woman executives as change agent

The article have argued that women in executive leadership roles are uniquely positioned to reduce sex , also that women executives use their positions of control to increase gender equity and reduce sexual harassment. For over 20 years, employers have had EEOC guidelines on sexual harassment, which include clarification of what it is and steps to prevent it, the organizations provided the training and informative lectures to prevent the sexual harassment its a problem or may b a growing problem. The increasing representation of women at executive levels in organizations is just such a strategy, and one that will have comprehensive effects on all forms of sex discrimination and improve gender equity at all levels

3.

Women still face a glass ceiling

Survey finds 73% of female managers believe barriers to advancement still exist, compared with only 38% of men

Graham snowdom

Monday 21 feb 2011 published by the guardian

In the article most women hopeful to senior management positions believe the glass ceiling to career progression still exists, according to a report by a leading UK management organization The article says that the survey of 3000 members of the Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) found 73% of female respondents felt barriers still existed for women seeking senior management and board-level positions in the UK. In compare just 38% of men believed there is a glass ceiling.The findings, which came from an even sample of men and women with an average age of 43, also discovered that 24% of women under 30 expected to start their own businesses within 10 years, compared with 20% of men.

4.

Are Women Happy Under The Glass Ceiling?

published at Forbes.com

Hannah Clark, 03.08.06, 6:00 AM ET

This article says that 20 years back researchers debated why women rarely reach the highest ranks in

business. Do women choose less stressful jobs so they can enjoy life more? Are they shut out of golf games and other informal networks that help men make important professional links? A new study adds fuel to the fire. About 70% of women and 57% of men believe an invisible barrier a glass ceiling prevents women from getting to the lead in business, according to a study of 1,200 executives in eight countries, including the U.S., Australia, Austria and the Philippines. Consulting firm Accenture released the with International Women's Day. But if women are unhappy about making 77 cents for every dollar earned by a man, it's not reflected in Accentures statistics. Globally, the same percentage of men and women-58%--felt they were fairly compensated. In the U.S., 67% of men were happy with their salaries, compared with 60% of women. But American women were almost as satisfied as men with the professional levels they had achieved

5.

The Global Glass Ceiling

Why Empowering Women Is Good for Business

By Isobel Coleman May/June 2010

Published by council on foreign relation

This article says that when women are educated and can earn and control income, a number of good results. lessening that gulf demands more than the interest of the foreign aid and human rights communities, which, to date, have carried out the heavy lifting of women's empowerment in developing countries, Not only does the global private sector have vastly more money than governments and nongovernmental organizations, but it can wield significant leverage with its powerful brands and by extending promises of investment and employment.

6.

The glass ceiling: are women where they should be?

by Stephanie Chaffins, Mary Forbes, Harold E. Fuqua, Jr., Joseph P. Cangemi Vol. 115, 1995 published by oxford university press this articles says that it a form of discrimination for women barrier so understated that it is transparent yet so strong that it prevents women and minorities from moving up in the management hierarchy this article focuses on the influence of gender based stereotypes most females are now given mere "token" positions in companies with only the appearance of power the male orientation is described as access and power versus the female orientation of enveloping and surrounding

REVIEW OF ALL SIX ARTICLES

All these six articles are focusing on the gender discrimination basically on the inequity with the women at every level in the organizations they are somewhere treated as less qualified and the men are given preferences compared with women some articles says that 60% of women feel that they are discriminated and somewhere its is noted that 1% to 2% women are agree that they are discriminated but other all are feeling they are equally treated as compared with men.