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4 The Hardware Description of the Automatic carparking project using microcontroller 8051

4.1 Stepper Motor Control Board


This board have capability to drive four stepper motors but we use only the two. Other two can be used for the further modification in project. The port 0 is used to drive two motors.P0.0-P0.3 drive one motor while P0.4-P0.7 for second one. A latch is used to sustain the logic level. P3.5 is connected to enable of the latch. Figure 13 shows the complete circuit diagram of stepper motor driver board. An optocoupler is used to separate the ground of the controller and motor. The microcontroller controls the rotation of motor by energizing one coil of the motor. With each step in the sequence the motor rotates about 1.8 degree. Each motor coil draws a current of 1A.A diode is installed in parallel to the coil of motor to prevent the transistors from high current , due to change in emf of the coil. These diodes are known as free wheeling diodes.

4.2 Sensors Board:


This hardware unit has six photo sensors. Each sensor is connected to one pin of the controller. As shown in figure sensors generate a high pulse as beam is cut by ant small object. Three sensors used to operate one motor. Port1 is dedicated to the sensors as shown in figure. By cutting beam of sensor S1 Motor start rotating in clockwise direction, then cutting the beam of sensor S2 motor stops for some time then start rotating in counter clock wise direction. At the end-cutting beam of S3 motor stops. Same as the working of the second motor using sensors S4, S5 and S6.

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4.3 Seven Segment Display


This hardware is used to display the number of cars in the parking lot. Basically, this board has six-segment display but using only one display can do our work. It used segment driver IC SN7447AN and 3*8 decoder to select the corresponding display. The figure shows the circuit diagram of the seven-segment board. Microcontroller Port2 is use to handle the display unit.

multiplexed Seven segment display board circuit diagram for microcontroller 8051.

4.4 Serial Interfacing


This unit is to display the number of cars in parking lot on the computer. The computer may be placed in any control room. Serial cable is used in null modem mode. We use the DB9 connector for serial interfacing. In null modem mode pin 7,8 and pin 6,4 are shorted with each

other. While pin 3 is used for transmit data and pin 2 for reception.

Rs232 Serial Cable Details for microcontroller 8051 interfacing with computer. Computer and the micro-controller are connected to each other by serial port through ICL232 (IC 1), the only purpose of which is to convert the voltage levels to the compatible values. ICL232 needs to be used because the TTL and RS-232 voltage levels are different. In TTL, +5V and 0V are considered as high and low respectively, whereas for RS-232 these are 3V and +3V.

Serial Interface circuit diagram.

5 Hardware working
In This post we will discuss the working principle of the automatic car parking system based on microcontroller 8051. Here we will describe how the flow of hardware is completed. In car parking control system the basic emphasis on the control of stepper motor by blocking the sensors beam. Three sensors are used to control one motor. Remaining hardware is use to display the number of cars in parking lot. Or in other words how many times laser beam is blocked.

The 89c51 is the brain of this whole hardware. It reads the input signals and start sending the stepping sequences to the motor. When the input beam of S1 is blocked motor start rotating in clockwise direction. This direction indicates the opening of the barrier, where S1 indicates that a car has come. The S2 sensor is used as the gate open limit sensor i.e. when S2=on it means gate is completely opened. Then a delay routine is called so that a particular time is adjusted for car to cross the gate. After that motor start rotating in counter clockwise direction, which indicates that gate, is closing now. Finally, when S3=on it indicates that gate is completely closed now. So motor will stop rotating. A display is provided at the ground floor which is basically a counter that displays number of cars in each floor. It informs whether the floors are fully filled with the cars or is it having place in a particular floor or not. There is facility of lift to carry the car to up and down. Movement of Lift is controlled by stepper motor. An indicator with a green and red LED is kept in all the floors to indicate whether the lift is busy or is it ready to take the car up or down. If the red LED glows that means the lift is already engaged and the person has to wait for the green LED to glow. In this project we have provided three floors of a building for car parking. Maximum storage capacity of

each floor is given as ten. Storage capacity can be changed according to the requirement.

After this the seven segment display incremented its value, which indicates that a car has entered in the parking lot. This display is basically for the people, which are driving the car. Similarly, serial interfacing is also used to display the number of cars in the parking lot. This display is for the person in control room. The exit gate motor will also work on the same pattern. But after this the seven segment display and PC decreased the display number. This indicates that a car has left the parking lot. TAGS: Automatic parking is an autonomous car maneuvering from a traffic lane into aparking place to perform parallel parking, perpendicular or angle parking,Robotic Parking Systems manufacturers highspeed automated parking structures using half the space of conventional parking garages.,automated, robotic or automatic car parking systems,BMW's new iDrive-based automatic parking system.,automated parking garages increase parking,automatic parking system project,automatic parking system manufacturers, automatic parking system suppliers,automatic parking lot barrier,vw automatic parking,bmw automatic parking,automatic parking garages,LCD screen , automatic parking aid , buzzer sound,smart car parking using 8051 Microcontroller,automated car parking system, the processing unit which contains the microcontroller is interfaced with motor circuits,Automatic Car Parking System using 89C51 Microcontroller,Download Automated Sensor-Driven Parallel-Parking System,automatic car parking indicator using microcontroller, download ppt of monitoring and controlling greenhouse effect using sensor

6 Software Description
There are four peripherals with the controller. There are basically four routines working in the system. Stepper motor subroutine

Optical Sensor subroutine Seven segment subroutine Serial interrupt subroutine

6.1 Stepper Motor Subroutine


Port0 of the micro controller is controlling the stepping sequence of stepper motor at the entry and exit gate. Lower nibble of port0 is controlling the stepper motor1 placed at the entry gate and upper nibble is used to control the stepper motor2 place at the exit gate.

The bits of port0 are set and reset according to the stepping sequence of each motor. There are six control bits in this routine, two control bits are used to initiate the stepper motors at the entry and exit gate. Each stepper motor has three control bits, one bit initiate the motor and other two are used for the gate control. These bits are set and reset from the output of corresponding sensor. One sensor is used to set the entry bit, which in return start the stepper motor, the second sensor will set the open limit gate bit which stops the motor and after a delay the motor rotates in opposite direction, the third sensor will set the close limit gate bit which in return stops the motor.

6.2 Optical Sensor Subroutine


Optical sensors are connected to the first six pins of port1 of the microcontroller. These sensors are initiating the stepper motor subroutine. Each sensor is placed for performing a special task such as to detect a car entering or leaving the parking lot, to detect open gate limit and close gate limit The system will wait till a car has arrived or left, one sensor is placed at the entry gate, and one is placed at the exit gate. Two are used to detect open limit of each gate and other two to detect close limit of each gate.

When an entry gate sensor sets the corresponding control bit the seven-segment display subroutine is also initiated with the serial interrupt subroutine, both will display the present number of cars present in the parking lot. The count will increment each time the entry gate control bit is set. When an exit gate sensor sets the corresponding control bit the seven-segment display subroutine is also initiated with the serial interrupt subroutine, both will display the present number of cars present in the parking lot. The count will decrement each time the exit gate control bit is set. The open limit gate sensors turns the motor in reverse direction after a delay and the close limit gate sensor turns the motor off for entry and exit gate.

6.3 Seven Segment Subroutine


Port2 of micro controller sends the corresponding count to the seven-segment display every time the entry or exit gate sensor sets the corresponding control bit. The count is incremented for the entry gate control bit and decrements for the exit gate control bit. The data is sent to port2 from a table, the position of table changes according to the given gate, it will increase to the next value for entry gate and decrements to previous value for exit gate.

6.4 Serial Interrupt Subroutine


A serial interrupt service routine (SERISR) is defined in the program. The P3.1 (TxD) and P3.0 (RxD) are used in serial interfacing. The serial display is incremented for the entry gate control bit and decrements for the exit gate control bit. The data is send to the SBUFregister. Set 9600 baud rate and mode 1 for serial interfacing. Use Labview software for serial communication.

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