ENHET, VERKSAMHETSOMRDE

VR BETECKNING

NT, Ntteknik

TR1-17E

DATUM

SAMRD

2010-12-21

NU, VAB

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE

VERSION

Shunt Capacitors
Preface
These guidelines are based on the international standard IEC 60871-1. The guidelines do state preferred alternatives where the standard allows selections. They also include additions to and clarifications of the standard. The guidelines may as part of a contract be made compulsory for the Supplier and will in such cases specify requirements that will in addition to the standard be applicable for manufacture and testing of high voltage capacitor units. This document has been prepared on behalf of Svenska Kraftnt and Vattenfall Eldistribution AB.

SvK405, v2.2, 2009-11-30

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Revision
Revision B note Rated voltage explained. Appendix 2 replaced. Alternative solutions for connection discussed. Pollution classes b and d added for insulators. Demande for Geotextile removed. Date 2010-12-21

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Innehll
1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Applicable standards ................................................................................. 5

OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS ..............................................................................6 2.1 2.2 2.3 Environmental Temperature ....................................................................6 Pollution .....................................................................................................6 Wind Pressure ...........................................................................................6

Definitions ..............................................................................................................6

Rated Data .............................................................................................................. 7 4.1 4.2 Insulation Test Level ................................................................................. 7 Rated frequency......................................................................................... 7

Design of Shunt Capacitor Banks ...........................................................................8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 General.......................................................................................................8 Design Requirements ................................................................................8 Foundations and Support Structures .......................................................8 Corrosion Protection .................................................................................8 Environment ..............................................................................................8 5.5.1 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.5 5.6.6 5.6.7 5.7 5.8 Insulating Liquids .......................................................................8 Selection of Rated Data ...............................................................9 Balancing.....................................................................................9 Overload Capacity ......................................................................9 Fuses ............................................................................................9 Fuse-less Design ........................................................................ 10 Discharge resistors.................................................................... 10 Containers ................................................................................. 10 Capacitor Units..........................................................................................9

Current Transformers ............................................................................. 10 Current Limiting Reactor........................................................................ 10

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5.8.1 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12

Design ........................................................................................ 10

Insulators ..................................................................................................11 Earthing ................................................................................................... 12 Protective Fencing ................................................................................... 12 Thermovision Measurements.................................................................. 12

Rating Plates and other Signs............................................................................... 12 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 General..................................................................................................... 12 Capacitor Unit Rating Plate.................................................................... 12 Capacitor Rack Rating Plate ................................................................... 12 Capacitor Bank Rating Plate .................................................................. 12

Lifting Devices ...................................................................................................... 13

Spare Parts for the Capacitor Bank ...................................................................... 13

Testing .................................................................................................................. 13 9.1 9.2 Type Tests ................................................................................................ 13 Routine Tests ........................................................................................... 13

10

Documentation ..................................................................................................... 14 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 General..................................................................................................... 14 Documentation Included in Tender ........................................................ 14 Documentation Included in Delivery ...................................................... 14 Documentation and Spare Parts After Delivery .................................... 15

11

Appendix ............................................................................................................... 16 11.1 11.2. Appendix 1. Design and main data ......................................................... 16 Appendix 2 Component Data List ............................................................17

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1 1.1

GENERAL
Applicable standards

Applicable Swedish standards (SS) shall be used. When these do not exist, European standards (EN) and international standards (IEC) are applicable. The latest version of each standard shall be used. If equipment does not in all respects fulfil the applicable standard and any additional requirements of this document, the deviations shall be clearly presented. Applicable standards and specifications: SS-EN 60529 SS-EN-ISO 1461: 2009 SS 3192 SS 14 23 03 SS 421 01 01: 2004 SS 421 01 67: 2001 SS-IEC 60168: 2001 SS-IEC 60273: 1993 SS-EN 60437: 1997 SS-IEC 62231: 2007 IEC 60060-1: 1989 IEC 60071-1: 2006 IEC 60071-2: 1996 IEC 60099 all parts IEC 60549: 1976 IEC 60815: all parts IEC 60871-1: 2005 IEC 60871-2: 1999 IEC 60871-3: 1996 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-code) Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -- Specifications and test methods Varmfrzinkade gngade stldetaljer Rostfritt stl SS-stl 2303 Starkstrmsanlggningar med nominell spnning verstigande 1 kV a.c. Dimensionering av utomhusstllverk Vind och islaster Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V. Characteristics of indoor and outdoor post insulators for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1000 V Radio interference test on high-voltage insulators Composite station post insulators for substations with a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245 kV - Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria High voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements Insulation co-ordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules Insulation co-ordination Part 2: Application guide Surge arresters High-voltage fuses for the external protection of shunt power capacitors Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1000V Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V Part 2: Endurance testing Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V Part 3: Protection of shunt capacitors and shunt capacitor banks Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V Part 4: Internal fuses

IEC 60871-4: 1996

The following guidelines and recommendations are applicable:

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TR2 TR1-02 TR1-04 TR1-13 TR1-16 VAST-Vattenfall EBR KJ 60:4

Svenska Kraftnts Riktlinje fr kontrollanlggningar Cable Current Transformers 7.2 420 kV Self-contained Current Transformers 7.2 420 kV Svenska Kraftnts Riktlinje fr milj Svenska Kraftnts Riktlinje fr skyltar I stllverk Jordningsanvisningar, stllverk, 1987 Stngsel fr kraftanlggningar

2
2.1

OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Environmental Temperature

The supplier shall indicate the conditions under which the capacitor units can be installed and what temperature interval is applicable. The capacitors shall be classified in categories of allowed temperatures according to IEC 60871-1, where each category is specified by a number, followed by a letter. The number indicates the lowest ambient temperature under which the capacitor may be in operation. The letter indicates the upper limit of the temperature interval. Capacitors for indoor installations shall normally be classified 25/A. If installed in a normally heated room, category 5/A may be used. For outdoor installations in southern and central Sweden, class 40/A is applicable. Outdoor installations in northern Sweden (north of Dallven) requires class 50/A.

2.2

Pollution

Special requirements for corrosion protection, creepage distances and possibilities for spray-washing insulators are applicable for installations in polluted or coastal areas. See also 5.4 and 5.9.

2.3

Wind Pressure

For normal outdoor installations, a wind pressure of 700 Pa on a cylindrical surface shall be used. This corresponds to a wind velocity of 34 m/s. In case equipment is installed on heights or in coastal areas a higher wind pressure might be required, in which case load calculations shall be made using wind pressures according to SS 421 01 67.

Definitions

In general, definitions are found in the applicable standards. Rated voltage The rated voltage is the upper limit of the system voltage for which the device is intended. (Same as the highest voltage for equipment) Rated value

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A quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a component, device or equipment. (IEV 151-04-03) Nominal voltage A suitable approximate value of voltage used to identify a system or device. (IEV 60101-21) Highest voltage for equipment The highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage for which the equipment is designed in respect to insulation as well as other characteristics which relate to this voltage in the relevant equipment standards. (IEV 604-03-01)

4
4.1

Rated Data
Insulation Test Level
Rated lightning impulse test level (kV peak ) 75 125 170 250 380 650 650 950 Rated power frequency test level (kV rms ) 28 50 70 95 150 275 275 395

The following selection of standard insulation test levels are used: Highest voltage for equipment (kV rms ) 12 24 36 52 82,5 *) 145 170 245 *) Not standardised by IEC Highest voltage for equipment (kV rms ) Rated lightning impulse test level (kV peak ) Rated switching impulse test level (kV peak ) Phase-Earth Phasephase Rated power frequency test level (kV rms )

420 1425 1050 1575 520 A Shunt capacitor Bank shall have the same rated voltage as highest voltage for equipment. In some cases the Capacity is defined for an other voltage as Nominal voltage. In the documentation the Capacity may be given both for this voltage and highest voltage for equipment. At the Rating Plate, the capacity at highest voltage for equipment shall be given.

4.2

Rated frequency

The rated frequency shall be 50 Hz.

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5
5.1

Design of Shunt Capacitor Banks

General

All components, which are required in order to fulfil the required function of the capacitor bank, shall be included in the delivery. This includes capacitor units, racks, post insulators as required, fuses, current transformers for unbalance protection, tubes / stranded conductors for high voltage connections and interconnection of the units to a completed bank. Main technical data for a specific delivery are given in Appendix 1.

5.2

Design Requirements

The capacitor units shall be connected in parallel and serial groups in order to meet the specified type and capacity of the complete bank. The racks and support insulators, as well as interconnections, shall be designed to allow replacement of individual cans. All post insulators with the same rated voltage, shall have such physical dimensions that they may be interchanged with each other, without requiring any special adaptors or moving of capacitor units.

5.3

Foundations and Support Structures

Capacitor banks and current-limiting reactors shall be placed on support insulators with supports bolted to concrete foundations. Design requirements and applicable standards for steel supports and concrete foundations are listed in Item 1 above.

5.4

Corrosion Protection

All external details shall be made of corrosion resistant material. Steelwork shall be either stainless or be protected by hot dib galvanizing (SS-EN ISO 1461). If the capacitor bank is to be installed in a corrosive atmosphere, an additional corrosion protection might be required. This will be stated in Appendix 1 in such a case.

5.5

Environment

Environmentally harmful chemicals shall be replaced by less harmful ones where this is possible (substitution). Scientific hesitance shall not prevent actions when there is a risk of serious harm to the environment.

5.5.1

Insulating liquids are used in current and voltage transformers as well as in capacitor units. As insulating liquid, mineral or synthetic oils such as Faradol or Edisol shall be used. The insulating liquid must not include any PCB. Spread of oil on surface or leakage into earth shall be avoided by providing a protective covering of the geotextile type over a large enough area beneath the bank. The proposed size of the covering shall be shown in the tender. As the volume of each container is small, the risk of significant leakage is small.

Insulating Liquids

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The chemical properties of the insulating oil must be such that it is biologically degradable and that the toxicological levels are minimal in case of leakage. Complete chemical and environmental data shall be submitted with the tender.

5.6
5.6.1

Capacitor Units
Selection of Rated Data

Voltage and capacity (stated in kVA r ), as well as the number of units in parallel and series groups shall be selected correctly in order to achieve the specified ratings of the bank. Furthermore, the physical placement and ratings of units in series and parallel be selected so that no healthy unit will be subjected to a voltage increase above 10% in case any one fuse has tripped. This shall also be applicable to windings of e.g. reactors in case included in the bank.

5.6.2 Balancing

The placement of the included capacitor units shall, considering the variation of rated data between individual units, be made with care and in such a way that over-voltages over units are avoided. The allocation of units shall be supported by documentation showing: Serial number and measured capacitance of all units Physical location of each unit The resulting total capacitance of each parallel group, for each leg of the unbalance measurement and for each phase.

When measured at 1,1xU N in the mid-point between two unbalance legs, the highest measured unbalance in a healthy capacitor bank must not be more than 10% of the trip level of the unbalance protection. For small batteries (<20 MVA) unbalance of 20% of tripp level can be accepted.

5.6.3 Overload Capacity 5.6.4 Fuses

Unbalance capacity shall be as stated in the applicable standards.

When selecting concept for fuses, internal fuses are preferred. However external fuses can be accepted with the prerequisite that it is possible to coordinate protections and fuses. In case of external fuses, there shall be a mechanical device that clearly indicates that a fuse has tripped. Fuses shall be selected having regard to: The requirement in 5.6.1 above regarding highest allowed over-voltage across a healthy parallel unit. The fuse must not trip or get degraded through the inrush currents to which they will be subjected during the lifetime of the capacitor bank. It shall be assumed that up to 1000 switchings with at least 10 minutes intervals might occur each year. The fuse of a healthy unit shall not trip during a discharge from 2,5xU N peak during external short-circuits or short-circuit in a parallel unit. The supplier shall through documentation show that it is possible to coordinate the fuses and the relay protections.

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The fuse shall be able to ensure a safe tripping a faulty unit within the r.m.s. levels of 0,9xU N to 2,0xU N across the unit. The isolation of the fuse shall be able to withstand at least 1,1xU N after tripping. Other requirements on fuses are given in the referred standards.

5.6.5 Fuse-less Design

A fuse-less design with so called all film capacitor is accepted for larger capacitor banks and higher voltages.

Each capacitor unit shall be provided with an internal discharge resistor, designed according to applicable standards.

5.6.6 Discharge resistors

5.6.7 Containers

The capacitor unit containers shall be designed to withstand the mechanical forces, which will occur during its lifetime, due to expansions and contractions caused by changes in temperature and electrical loadings. Furthermore, the mechanical resistance must be coordinated with the pressure that will occur during a fault leading to a fuse tripping. The manufacturer shall show that the container will withstand the overpressure caused by the most unfavourable combination of fault current and fuse tripping time. In case of fuse-less design, a capacitor rupture curve shall be included in the tender. When the container is filled with insulating liquid, there must be no air bubbles left once the container is sealed. The container shall be manufactured in accordance with the specified requirements on corrosion protection.

5.7

Current Transformers

Additional requirement: A current transformer intended for unbalance protection shall be provided with at least two relay cores. Current transformers shall be designed and tested in accordance with the Technical Guidelines TR-02 and TR-04.

5.8

Current Limiting Reactor

Current limiting reactors are required in order to limit the high inrush current occurring when switching two or more parallel capacitor banks. The reactors shall be sized to eliminate unwanted tripping of the earth-fault protections. The reactors shall also be dimensioned so that the harmonics created during switching in of the bank does not disturb other equipment inside or around the substation. Verification of this shall be done by site measurements during commissioning tests. Current limiting reactors shall be design to protect the capacitor bank circuit-breaker.

5.8.1 Design

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5.9

Insulators

Insulators can be made in porcelain or composite. Insulators shall be made and tested according to standards above and IEC/TS 60815. In polluted areas insulators shall have increased creepage distances. The normal and increased creepage distances follows the table below. Increased creepage distances shall in first hand be used in the west coast area (about 30 km from coast up to Gtalv-vally up to lake Vnern). In areas where risk for icing is present the vertical insulators shall have an mean field strength axial along the insulator of not more than 85 kV/m (fas/earth) According to IEC 60815-2 corrections shall be made in increased creepage for porcelain insulators with an diameter above 300 mm. For composite insulators no diameter correction are needed. The recommendations for creepage distances are based on the relation between creepage distance and pollution levels in the figure below in accordance with IEC 60815-2 and IEC 60815-3.

Creepage distance, (unified specific creepage distance,USCD) as fuction of polluted level (SPS class)

The requirement for creepage distances for Insulators in normal and polluted environment. In the Swedish grids normally class b and d is used, and the creepage distances can be seen in the table below:

Rated voltage, U m kV

12 24 36 52 82,5 145 170 245 420

Min krypstrcka, mm Porcelain and Composite Normal milj Smutsig milj (klass b)1 (klass d)1 300 200 600 400 900 580 1300 840 2070 1325 3625 2330 4250 2730 6125 3940 10500 6750

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) Enligt IEC 60815-1

5.10

Earthing

Earthing shall be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of VAST Vattenfall: Jordningar av stationer och stllverk (earthing of substations and switchgear) 1987. Earth connections to supports shall be made by cable lugs with two holes. The earth wires shall be installed so that the risks of corrosion, abrasion damages and burns through contacts with other materials are eliminated.

5.11

Protective Fencing

All live equipment, located less than 2500 mm above ground surface, shall be surrounded by a protective fence. See SS 421 01 01.

5.12

Thermovision Measurements

All connectors and conductor joints on capacitor units and the completed bank, shall be subjected to thermovision measurements before the final acceptance.

6
6.1

Rating Plates and other Signs

General

All rating pates shall be made of 1,2 mm engraved steel with lettering in baked enamel or a 25 m thick layer of anodised aluminium. Any other design must be approved by the purchaser. Other signs and markings shall be supplied in accordance with TR1-16.

6.2

Capacitor Unit Rating Plate

All capacitor units shall be provided with rating plates in accordance with the applicable standard. The measured capacitance values shall be stated on the rating plate.

6.3

Capacitor Rack Rating Plate

Each rack shall be provided with a rating plate stating the physical location within the bank and the total weight of the rack with installed capacitors.

6.4

Capacitor Bank Rating Plate

The complete capacitor bank shall be provided with a rating plate, installed at a suitable location, easily readable, in the centre of the connection bay. The rating plate shall include the following information: Manufacturer

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Serial number Rated power in MVA r at rated voltage (=highest voltage for equipment if not other agreed) Highest voltage for equipment of the capacitor bank Rated capacitance in F for each leg of all three phases Rated insulation level Connection vector diagram Shortest allowed time between tripping and reclosing Year of manufacture and total weight

Lifting Devices

The supply shall include a simple device for lifting, removing and replacing faulty capacitor units in the bank.

Spare Parts for the Capacitor Bank

The following spare parts shall be included in the delivery of a capacitor bank: Capacitor units: 25% of the total number supplied Support insulators: 25%, at least one of each type supplied External fuses: 10% (if applicable)

9
9.1

Testing
Type Tests

Type tests are required in accordance with the standards listed under Item 1 above. Endurance tests in accordance with the standard are required.

9.2

Routine Tests

Routine tests shall be performed in accordance with the specified standards.

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10

Documentation

10.1 General
Instructions, dimension drawings and schematics that are included in the delivery shall have all text written in the Swedish language.

10.2 Documentation Included in Tender

With the tender the following documents shall be provided: List of data, dimension drawings, electrical circuit and schematic diagrams, instructions for erection, operation and maintenance, type test certificates and also other documents needed for the technical evaluation. Bases for evaluation of the need and costs for maintenance, such as: o The interval for condition control and other measures of maintenance and the time necessary for these works. o Necessary spares, special tools and accessories and the costs for these. Environmental information as below (see also TR 13-01E): o The interval for condition control and other measures of maintenance and the time necessary for these works. o Information about the main content of the equipment (type of material in percentage of weight) Information about the content of dangerous substances (for example heavy metals, carcinogenic compounds and compounds hard to biodegrade, xenobiotic substances) o Handling and treating of the equipment when it has served its time.

10.3 Documentation Included in Delivery

If not agreed otherwise, the following documentation shall be submitted in paper and electronic form, together with the delivery of the equipment: A list of documentation including: Contract and order number Manufacture Type designations Serial numbers Rated data Type test reports Information about the following documents shall be provided at the same time as the list above: Assembly drawings with drawing lists Instructions for transport, storage, installation, maintenance, testing, condition monitoring and adjustments. List of chemicals List of goods and safety information for all chemical products List of special tools and accessories for installation and maintenance List of equipment for testing and condition monitoring Spare parts list List of material for repair Final dimension drawings Final principle and connection diagrams

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Routine test reports Filled in data sheets

On behalf of the maintenance organisation of the purchaser a set of documentation, clearly defined for each supply, shall be submitted. The technical documentation shall allow the purchaser to establish a spare parts and maintenance organisation. It shall also be possible to use the documentation for training of supervisors, storage and service staff. The documentation shall specify prerequisites for condition monitoring and evaluation, as well as planning and performing of maintenance activities based on the risk assessment of the purchaser. The list of documentation shall cover assembly drawings valid for the equipment in question. Details of and applicable data for a specific device or a series of devices of the same type shall be identifiable through the documentation list. This means that the valid version of documents shall be clearly stated in the documentation list. It shall be possible to identify standardised mechanical components for purchase in Swedish specialist stores. See also SS-EN 60694. At the time of the first delivery, the documents presented in the list, shall be submitted in one printable version, collected in one set that can be used by the purchaser to create a service handbook. For additional supplies, only amended drawings, documents and instruction, together with advice for insertion, need to be supplied.

10.4 Documentation and Spare Parts After Delivery

The supplier shall upon request provide the purchaser with required information and during at least ten years after delivery, be able to provide spare parts required for maintenance. Design changes or modified instructions, applicable for the supplied equipment, shall after delivery be submitted in the form of service bulletins. See also SS-EN 60694.

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11
11.1
Conditions of operation:

Appendix
Appendix 1. Design and main data

Installation Temperature class 50/A] Environmental pollution level industrial] Corrosion protection Creepage distance

[Indoor / Outdoor] [-25/A, -40/A or [Normal, salt or [Normal / Increased] [Normal / Increased] kVAr %

Rated power at rated voltage: Allowed tolerance for capacitance value: Connection type of bank:

Bridge connection with separate unbalance measurement for each phase or double Y connection. If other connection or unbalance measurement is quoted the sensitivity of unbalance protection shall be presented. [Isolated / Solid earth]

Neutral connection Insulation level LIW SIWL PF

kV kV (400 kV only) kV kV (LIWL) kV

Insulation level neutral (if isolated) Short time overvoltage (15 min)

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11.2 Appendix 2 Data for capacitors

Deskription General Site Object id/Littera Manufacturer Ordernumber Manufacturingnumber Year of manufacturing Standard, Guideline Type of battery Typ of Capacitor Unit Use Lowest temperature Rated Voltage (=highest voltage for equipment ) Reactive Power at Rated voltage Total mass Volume of insulating fluid Type of insulating fluid Spraying permitted

Value

Unit

Remarks

* * * * * * * * * * oC kV year

Given by the contractor ie Hagby, CT65 Given by the contractor ie EK1 Ie ABB

Ie 2007 Ie IEC 60871-1 2005, TR117 E revC Ie QBANK-A Ie CHDB182 Outdoor or indor Ie -50

MVA ton kg * *

Ie 300MVA

Ie Faradol Yes/No/otional

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Rated Voltage Unit* Capacitans (for serie capacitors) Current (for serie capacitors) Number of unit connected in serie Connection Date of reconstruction Overvieu Outline Maintenance Circuits Creepage distance Data of Unit * * * * * *

kV mF A no * year Document No Document No Document No Document No mm Document No Ie 80 Ie dubbleY (YOH) Ie 1988 Ie 50mF

Ie 80mm

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