ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES QUESTION BANK 1. What are the objectives of environmental education ? 2.

Define the terms - a) Environment b) Ecology c) Ecosystem d) food chain e) Food web 3. Explain various components of an ecosystem. 4. What do you mean by ecological pyramids ? Describe (i) Pyramid of numbers (ii) Pyramid of Biomass (iii) Pyramid of Energy. 5. Explain different components of environment. 6. State the importance of clean environment. 7.Explain (i) Natural environment (ii) Built environment. 8. What is the impact of population on environment? 9. Define Ecosystem. What are biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem ? 10. How overgrazing leads to environmental degradation ? 11. Describe following ecosystems (Structure and function) (i) Forest (ii) Pond (iii) River (iv) Ocean (v) Grass land (iv) Lake 12. What do you mean by Habitat? 13. Discuss green house effect and global warming. 14. What do you mean by biodiversity? State and explain various levels of biodiversity. (Hint- Genetic/Species/ecosystem) 15. Why should we try to protect biodiversity? 16. What measures are being taken to protect endangered species? 17. what are the factors which cause the loss of biodiversity? 18. What do you mean by introduced species? 19. State the causes of overexploitation of forest resources. 20. What is meant by renewable and non-renewable sources of energy? Give examples of each. 21. Distinguish between i) Renewable and non-renewable resources. ii) i) Reusable and non-reusable resources. 22. What are the benefits and problems of large dams? 23. State the factors causing land/soil degradation. 24. What is the role of an individual in conservation of natural resources? 25. Explain the following terms in relation to an ecosystem (i) Producers (ii) Consumers (iii) Decomposers (iv) Energy flow (v) Ecological succession (vi) Food chains (vii) Food web 26. Why is the biodiversity so valuable? 27. Explain man-wildlife conflicts. 28. What are the various threats to biodiversity? 29. State and explain different values of biodiversity. 30. Define environmental pollution. Enumerate various types of environmental pollution.

31. What are the main sources of air pollution ? 32. Which are the main factors causing water pollution? 33. Define land/soil pollution. Which are the main agencies responsible for soil pollution? 34. Define pollutant. 35. State the control measures of (i) Air pollution (ii) Water pollution (iii) soil pollution (iv) Noise pollution (v) Nuclear hazards. (vi) Marine Pollution. 36. What are the different approaches to control noise pollution ? 37. State the effects of urban and industrial wastes on environment. 38. What do you mean by disaster? Explain disaster management with respect to floods, earth-quakes, cyclones and land-slides. 39. What is meant by sustainable development? Is current development sustainable? Justify your answer. 40. How acid rain is caused? 41. State the main causes of ozone layer depletion. Why is ozone layer so important? 42. What is consumerism ? State the effect of consumerism on environment. 43. Write notes i) Measurement of noise in terms of decibel.(ii) Rain water harvesting. (iii) Watershed Management (iv) Environmental Ethics (v) Nuclear Accidents. 44. Define the term waste land. Suggest suitable methods for waste land development. 45. Define wet lands. Explain benefits of wet lands. 46. What are the adverse effects of water pollution ? Explain them briefly. 47. What are the different factors which contribute to water pollution ? 48. What do you understand by measurement of water pollution ? What are the various tests for measurement? 49. How water pollution can be controlled ? 50. What are the sources of oil-pollution of marine (ocean) waters ? 51. Explain remedial measures for control of water pollution. 52. What are the different air pollutants and their sources? 53. What are natural pollutants? 54. Define following terms with respect to air pollution (i) Aerosols (ii) Dust (iii) smoke (iv) Mist (v) Fog (vi) Smog 55. What are the effects of air pollution on human being? 56. State the harmful effects of different air pollutants. 57. What are the effects of air pollution on vegetation? *58. List the difficulties encountered in air-sampling. *59. What are the methods used for ambient air sampling? 60. What measures can be adapted for the control of air pollution? 61. What do you understand by air quality monitoring? 62. Differentiate between sound and noise.

63. What do you understand by sound intensity level? 64. State the noise levels of various general human activities? 65. What is noise pollution? How is it measured? 66. What are sources of noise pollution? Explain. 67. What are the two effects of noise pollution on human-being? 68. Explain the significance and measure of noise control. 69. Discuss the salient features of (i) Environment (Protection) Act(1986) (ii) Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act (iii) Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act (iv) Wildlife cnservation Act (v) Forest conservation Act 70. What is Ozone layer depletion? How is it caused? 71. What are the probable effects of ozone layer depletion? 72. What is Ozone hole? 73. How Ozone layer depletion can be prevented? 74. What do you mean by Population Explosion? 75. What is meant by Population Density? 76. What are the effects of population explosion on environment? 77. What are the social problems created by increase in population? 78. What measures are taken to control population? 79. Write notes on (i) Family welfare programme (ii) Environment and human health (iii) Value Education (iv) HIV / AIDS (v) Women and child welfare (vi) Value education. (vi) Biogeographic classification of India. (vii) Endangered species in India. (viii) Endemic species in India. 80. Describe an ecosystem visited by you. 81. Describe a polluted site which you have come across. 82. Describe an environmental asset in your area. (like river, forest, mountain, lake, etc.) 83. What are the impacts of mining on environment ? 84. What is the present practice of disposal of solid waste in your locality ? What are its effects on environment ? 85. What are Wildlife sanctuaries and National parks ? How do they differ from each other ? 86. What is the role of an individual in prevention of pollution ? 87. Give your comments on (i) Environmental pollution in Goa. (ii) Environmental problems in Goa. (iii) Effect of tourism on Goan environment. 88. What are environmental ethics ? 89. Discuss (i) Goan Mining and environment. (ii) Salauli dam and environment. (iii) Tourism and environment. (iv) Fisheries and environment.