INTRODUCTION My research paper focuses on the relationship between United States of America and currently the most important

region in the world Middle East. Ill discuss some of the history of Middle East and the Domination of Capitalists world on the resources of Middle East and try to analyze it by theories of Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse and I will also discuss the recent Arab Uprising as an Event in time in the light of Alain Badiou philosophical thoughts. From Marxist perspective the world situation could be described as a Global Class Struggle, with the workers and third world nations on one side and the imperialists and Capitalists on the other. Developing countries can be referred as anti-imperialist oppressed nations. This situation is true, especially for the region of Middle East. The U.S. had relied on brutal, repressive regimes under the Shah, Saudi Arabia, and Israel to do its capitalist work. It has used the CIA to formed coups against "unfriendly" regimes. When necessary, it has intervened directly to punish regimes that have challenged its dominance in the region. The U.S. spends billions annually to maintain a large military presence in the region. It provides billions of dollars and military in particular to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Israel due to which the U.S carefully maintains as the region's most strong military power.

U.S. interests in the region were seen in the Cold War terms of preventing Soviet domination, though it was clear that any regime attempting to leave the orbit of the U.S, whether it had ties to Russia or not, was considered a threat. Since the late 1960s, Israel has been the single most important ally of the U.S. in the Middle East, fulfilling the role laid out for it by the Israeli newspaper Ha'aretz as America's "watchdog" in the region. In 1973 Egypt and Syria attack Israel over its occupation of the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula but lost the war as Us helped Israel financially and with their capital, giving $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel. For this reason, Israel receives more economic and military aid from the U.S. than any other country in the world. "The U.S. relationship with Israel is singular," writes Stephen Zunes. As Lawrence Korb's statement about Kuwait and carrots makes clear, nothing that takes place in the Middle East today can be understood without first understanding the strategic and economic importance of "black gold." the U.S. government had done various things such as stealing the oil, the poverty, the repression and the overthrow of an elected governments. While US have been promoting democracy in Afghanistan and Iraq it has been keen to support dictatorship, historically, in Middle Eastern countries like Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya and Saudi Arabia. Its not been a happy history, but its necessary to

understand that past, in general, to make better sense of the present especially regarding the current Arab attitudes toward the West. Background: After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Britain and France drew the boundaries of the new states in the Middle East by drawing lines on the map and having absolutely no input from the people of the region. The promises of Arab independence which the British had made to various local leaders during the First World War were not fulfilled. At the 1919 peace conference, the victorious powers sat down and decided to keep the region divided and thereby easier to control. Without invasion and war they cut the Middle East into pieces as they did in the whole world. Each state was handed to local kings and sheikhs who served as British servants. Kuwait was handed to the al-Sabah family. After he was promised a United Arab Republic, the Hashemite King Hussein was awarded Jordan. Britain gave Ibn Saud, Saudi Arabia the only country in the world named after its ruling family. France put Lebanon in the hands of the Christian minority. Similar things happened in the South Asia as Subcontinent was divided into different nations such as India and Pakistan.

A new form of selfness was formed in the region in the form of Nationalism, while under the Ottoman Empire this region was one state an Islamic State. Western powers divided this region into different nations and provoked Nationalism into them so that they might not go back to the Unification of the region which is feared the most in this region. Marx says capital unleashed the forces of freedom, a new world in the horizon, yet this capital, resulted in the creation of greed, violence and inhumanity. It has leaded us to a world of isolated and completely alienated individuals, alienated from the world, by separating the self from the other. He says its a consequence of this distinction, this fundamental void thats been created between the self and the I. In short, what he says is that once we create us and them, we have separated humans by converting them into nationals i.e. separating the self from the I which dehumanizes us. In other words, humanity is taken away from man and his foundational humanness leads him back to inhumanness. Middle East has been an important region in the world due to its surplus in oil wealth. Around 2/3rd of the worlds oil reserves are present in this region. Modern western capitalists powers are keenly interested in this region, mainly due to its wealth in oil. Western oil companies pumped and exported nearly all of the oil to fuel the rapidly expanding automobile industry and other western industrial developments, the kings and MNCs of the oil states became immensely rich,

enabling them to consolidate their hold on power and giving them a stake in preserving western interests over the region. There is basically no significant change in the fundamental traditional conception that if we can control Middle East energy resources, then we can control the world, says Chomsky. Indeed, President Eisenhowers belief that Middle East oil resources are one of the greatest material prizes in world history and a stupendous source of strategic power hold as true today as ever. Chomsky argues, American foreign policy is instead driven by a ruthless desire to control this oil, protect its strategic interests and ensure the free flow of capital. Herbert Marcuse discussed the philosophical thought of modern capitalists societies that fits exactly in modern us-middle east relations. He demonstrates that the form of violence thats practiced by the modern society, is actually contradicting what its promising. Its actually warfare against liberation. All the dark truths have been internalized by people because of the fact they have started believing in the absolute truths that have been made possible by the political conditions the modern society has created. Modern man has actually become an oppressor himself. He says the marginalized have actually started believing the falsehood and started considering it the Truth that has been created. And how has this happened? This has happened because the modern society operates on a sinister level. He suggests that the modern society has created a structure of false

needs. Its actually a paradox in itself; the fulfillment of these desires gives man unlimited happiness, but at the same time with in the very roots it leaves the seed of unhappiness. As we can see in modern world that how US have extracted resources from the middle eastern countries and has established a strong hold in order to consume more and more and provide the western world with all the profits and resources while the countries containing that resources are being deprived of their own wealth and happiness. Marcuse discusses that in the modern society of mass production and consumption, products that are produced to satisfy the so called human needs have been built within a structure of political economy. This makes the conditions for the products to be produced and created on the basis of the fact that someone somewhere will be deprived of making the basics of that product themselves. He says, products that we use to satisfy our needs are built upon a certain structure of economics and politics, which perpetuates large-scale injustice by making sure these products are made and some people are deprived of them. In other words, this satisfaction of needs is actually built on massive large-scale deprivation of satisfaction of people of their own needs. During World War II, the oil surpluses of the 1930s quickly disappeared. Six billion of the seven billion barrels of petroleum used by the allies during the war

came from the United States. Public officials again began to worry that the United States was running out of oil. It seemed imperative that the United States secure access to foreign oil reserves. Increasingly, policy makers and the oil industry focused their attention on the Middle East, particularly the Persian Gulf, which they believed would become the centre of post war oil production. As early as the 1930s, Britain had gained control over Iran's oil fields and the United States discovered oil reserves in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. After the war ended, Middle Eastern oil production surged upward. Gradually, American dependence on Middle Eastern oil increased. The United States maintains a string of pro-US colonial dictatorships in Egypt, Jordan and others that provide the US no strategic service at all other than protecting Israel as an enforced majority Jewish political state from those countries' populations. The US can strategically tolerate popularly accountable governments in Japan, Brazil and France but cannot in Israel's region because its commitment to maintaining a doctorial role poses more difficult constraints on US strategic policy in the Middle East. A summary of an interview of Noam Chomsky might be able to explain this situation better: He believes that the uprisings have no obvious parallel, arguing that they are very different from the democracy movements in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. In 1989, the movements were supported by the West and tolerated by the dominant regional power, Russia. This is not the case for the Arab revolts.

Asked by an audience member whether the Arab word is ready for democracy, Professor Chomsky turns the question around. I would ask whether the US, UK and their allies are ready for democracy in the Arab world. He points out that Western powers have continually opposed the establishment of functioning democracies in the Middle East, most dramatically in Iran, where Mossadeqs democratically elected government was ousted by a CIA-orchestrated coup. Look what happened in Palestine in 2006, he says, referring to the decisive victory won by Hamas in the legislative elections. The reaction of the West was to punish the Palestinians for not voting the right way in a free election. Western powers are deeply fearful of the virus of Arab nationalism and at the prospect of democracy taking root in the Middle East. According to Chomsky, opinion on the Arab street is overwhelmingly opposed to Western interference and a recent poll by the Brookings Institute found that 90 per cent of Egyptians see the US as the major enemy in the region. If public opinion was allowed to influence policy in Middle Eastern countries, the US would not only lose control of the region but would be expelled altogether. The reason the West is so unpopular in the Arab world is not some great mystery. Chomsky describes a 1958 report by the US National Security Council which explored the reasons for the campaign of hatred against the United States in the Middle East. They found there was a perception among a majority of Arabs that US was seeking to protect its oil interests by supporting the status quo and opposing political or economic progress, he says. The report went on to say that not only was this perception accurate, but it describes the way things ought to be. For Chomsky, talk of democracy promotion is the province of idealists and propagandists rather than politicians. Democracy is supported only when and if it conforms to US strategic interests. When one of their favoured dictators starts losing control, as is happening across the Middle East, America follows a standard routine: namely supporting them as long as possible, then switching sides whilst doing all they can to restore the old system under a new name. Chomsky's abiding belief in the possibility of change and the potential of people to affect that change means his world view is not depressing After six decades, Chomsky has lost little of the intellectual vigour or the fire in his belly that has made him one of most notable political analysts of our time. He speaks fluently, with hardly a reference to his notes. His style is intricately factual, peppered with examples, quotations and fascinating digressions. Although his

analysis is somewhat bleak, Chomskys abiding belief in the possibility of change and the potential of people to affect that change means that his world view is not depressing. Just as he believes humans share an innate set of linguistic principles, he also believes we share a universal moral grammar: a fixed set of principles that allow us to understand and respond to situations in a common way. It is this, above all else, that will save the human race from destroying itself. According to Professor Chomsky, if we continue on the same trajectory, species destruction is not just a possibility, but an institutional imperative. What would a sane Martian observer make of our dedicated march towards destruction? he asks, rhetorically reflecting on the twin threats of environmental disaster and nuclear war, hanging over our planet. In some ways Chomsky himself is like that sane Martian observer, possessed of a superior intellect and insight, traveling among us explaining things with an other-worldly patience and sagacity. Domination of Global Capital has resulted in mass unequal distribution of resources which has led to hunger and poverty across the globe. Such is the nature of Capitalism that it spreads across the globe through human mind and body. Now capitalist have surplus production and surplus consumption which can be described as the notion of Surplus Value described by Marx. Western world can be seen as the capitalist class or firm owners while third world and Middle Eastern countries can be seen laborers and workers whose resources are being extracted and they are being dominated by the capitalist class. As we can see through the number of events in the Middle Eastern history how US has tried to get hold of Oil reserves and served its interest by deploying dictatorships and war against the Arab nations if someone tries to threat Israel. The events such as the Six days war, Suez Crisis, Iranian Revolution and overthrown of elected governments in Syria are the proofs of these capitalist who are trying to expand their global domination. While the

workers and middle class there seek jobs, economic security and democratic rights, the imperialists have something else in mind. As Marx said: What is most important about capital is its impersonal activity, the way that it produces and reproduces itself, behind the backs of the producers. Its movement is the outcome of actions of the individuals whose lives are dominated by it. But this fact is hidden from them, from capitalists, from the workers they employ and exploit and especially from economists. This magic power is an illusion which is not merely an illusion: it really is like that. A rise in the price of labour, as a consequence of the accumulation of capital, only means in fact that the length and weight of the chain that the wage-labourer has forged for himself allow it to be loosened somewhat. ... Labour-power can be sold only to the extent that it preserves and maintains the means of production as capital, reproduces its own value as capital, and provides a source of additional capital in the shape of unpaid labour. [Capital I] Such is the power of capitalist system that a worker who is a human is turned into a mere being who has no sense and has no say in what he produces. Under these modern production techniques the worker is not more than a cog in a gigantic and impersonal production apparatus. This is the place where the workers have lost themselves to the power of armies who now control supervises their production, as US have dominated the world through the power of its capitalist structures. As a consequence of current world capitalist structures people have become estranged from their very human nature, which Marx understood to be free and productive activity. Human beings cannot be human under these conditions, and for this reason the implication was obvious for Marx. Capitalism has to be

abolished as much as any political oppression if a society has to become free from the power of another or free from slavery. A society of truly free citizens, according to Marx, must therefore not only be a political, but also an economic and social democracy. This is the power of capitalism that is destroying the mere production of a labor. The labor is being oppressed by this system. If we consider the Middle Eastern countries as mere workers and capitalists as firm owners we do arrive at the conclusion that how these firm owners are exploiting the laborers. US have tried to control every single event arising in middle east by deploying their own regimes to serve their interests but the tides have turned dramatically after the Global Economic Recession as US itself have failed to recover from this recession it lead to a large scale exploitation of people in the Middle East. ARAB UPRISINGS: Recent Arab Uprisings are the result of repressive autocratic and dictatorial regimes. The 2011 Arab revolutions can be best described as uprisings for equality and democracy. They are democratic in the sense that they are driven by a deep rooted hunger for political empowerment, specifically the replacement of elite rule bourgeoisie class with elected officials, the protesters are rejecting the humiliation and degradation of people that was going on under decades of authoritarian rule. This uprising was caused by massive corruption, nepotism, the

absence of the rule of law and political transparency, and the rampant abuse of power. This is what has produced these protests. The educated, globalized and young segments of society who are the driving force behind these revolts are particularly motivated by the indignity of their political and economic context coupled with a demand to be respected by political leadership; a respect that can only be generated by democratic rule. While these uprisings have been widely celebrated around the world, in the West they have also been received with considerable anxiety and apprehension. It is reasonable to wonder what will emerge from these transformative events when the dust settles. The uprisings represent another 1989 Berlin Wall moment, or a prelude to a democratic transformation across an entire region, or perhaps a replay of the dramatic 1979 Revolution in Tehran or perhaps a manifestation of French Revolution. Professor Chomsky views the Arab uprisings hugely significant and positive. He praises the courage and dedication of the protesters and welcomes the new freedoms they have won. However, he warns that the ultimate outcome of the uprisings is far from clear. Whilst names have changed, regimes remain, he says. There have been no major socio-economic changes so far.

Similar statement was made by Chiun Li when asked in 1960s about the French Revolution 1979 he said Its too early to say anything about it. He presented a totally new conception of it. Let us look at the historical and current situation of Egypt and how did The Revolution sparked in Egypt. EGYPT: Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953. Since the declaration of the republic, four Egyptians have served as presidents. The first President to take office was President Mohamed Naguib. The fourth president was Mohamed Hosni Mubarak, the President of Egypt since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former President Mohammed Anwar El-Sadat. Mubarak's 30year reign made him the longest-serving President in Egypt's history, with his National Democratic Party (NDS) government maintaining one-party rule under a continuous state of emergency. Mubarak's government earned the support of the West and a continuation of annual aid from the United States by maintaining policies of suppression towards Islamic militants and peace with Israel. In the five years prior to the revolution, the Mubarak regime denied the existence of torture or abuse carried out by the police. However, many claims by domestic

and international groups provided evidence through cell phone videos or first-hand accounts of hundreds of cases of police abuse. According to the 2009 Human Rights Report by the U.S. State Department, "Domestic and international human rights groups reported that the Ministry of Interior (MOI) State Security Investigative Service (SSIS), police, and other government entities continued to employ torture to extract information or force confessions. During the year activists and observers circulated some amateur cell phone videos documenting the alleged abuse of citizens by security officials. In early 2011, following the Tunisian Revolution, there was a revolution in Egypt. Mass protest compelled Mubarak, the leader of the National Democratic Party, to resign on 11 February 2011, ending his fifth term in office. Despite high levels of national economic growth over the past few years, living conditions for the average Egyptian remained poor, though better than many other countries in Africa. In late 2010 around 40% of Egypt's population of just under 80 million lived on the fiscal income equivalent of roughly US$2 per day, with a large part of the population relying on subsidized goods.

Causes of Revolution: First, consider the demographics: an explosive mix of high population growth, leading to a "youth bulge", combined with urbanization, jobless growth partly linked to structural adjustment, and the rapid expansion of university education has produced what the BBC's Paul Mason calls "a new sociological type, the graduate with no future". Two-thirds of Egyptians are under 30, and each year 700,000 new graduates chase 200,000 new jobs. Egypt's foreign policy has also been an important factor divorced from public opinion for many years, particularly on Israel and Palestine. According to Oxfam's Cairo-based Adam Taylor, this cemented the feeling that the government was a US puppet government and delegitimized it in many eyes. But various other events brought deeper rumblings to the surface. The most celebrated event of the protests was of course the sacrifice of Mohammed Bouazizi, the Tunisian street vendor whose self immolation sparked Tunisia's Jasmine revolution, and the ensuing domino effect across the Arab world. Economic Pains: a round of thanks goes to the global economic crises, who sent the world economy into recession. Nations in the US orbit are set up as a safety net for the US economy, as the US economy went into a tailspin, a hefty percentage of resources were diverted from the economies of Pakistan, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, etc., to cushion the blow, thanks to the privatization measures imposed by the IMF and World Bank over the years. Half of Egyptian population sustains itself on

merely $2 a day. And when the street perceived that things couldnt possibly get worse, they began to consider the nightmare scenario for US national security outfits: resistance to Mubarak and his cronies. Other causes includes, Corruption among government officials, restrictions on free speech and press, violation of human rights, corruption in government elections, police brutality, emergency laws and dictatorship in the name of democracy through inheritance of power rather than free elections. Egypt is the motivating force of Arab nations. This is not only evident with their commanding military base but also their commanding economy and strategic location in the world, geographically. The event in Egypt was widely covered in the media and the influence was spread across the Middle East. The revolution in Egypt spurred other countries into action, the most notable of which are Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, Yemen, Algeria and Libya. The rebellion which saw the ruling government of Egypt overturned impacted positively on the governance of most of the Middle East countries. The people in Libya revolted against dictatorship and poor governance of their country which has led to poverty and poor record of development. In Jordan, the cabinet approved an Act to allow the people to protest against infringement on the rights of the civilians. The governance of Middle East twisted uniquely as the people decide their own political destiny.

The main way Egypt can impact the global economy is through oil. Though Egypt does produce oil, it is not a major exporter, and the country isnt a member of OPEC. But the Suez Canal, which runs through Egypt, is a crucial waterway for transporting oil from the oil-rich Persian Gulf to Europe and elsewhere, and any disruption in the operation of the canal due to Egypts political crisis could quickly produce bottlenecks in oil markets that might cause prices to spike. ARAB UPRISING AS AN EVENT: Due to large scale unemployment and repressive regimes in the Middle East has led to an Event, the Event that had its grounding in Arts, Science, and Politics and Love i.e. the Arab Uprisings in most of Arab Nations. This Event is a manifestation and struggle for eternal and historical truths. The emergence of Truth is a Creation of an Event or an Event is a Manifestation of truth which is produced through truth procedures (Arts, Science, Politics, and Love). The origin of the truth is of the order of Events. Thus there are four truth procedures and the lack of single one gives rising to the destruction of Truth. Nothing in this world takes place outside these truth procedures. If you separate one from the other, truth will be banished and destroyed in time and space. Thus an Event can take place inside these four domains. The Truth stands out from the accumulation of knowledge by their Eventful Origins. The Truth as an Event generated from truth procedures is at

once something new hence something rare and exceptional and also historical touching the very being of that which is Truth. Hence Truth is at once Eternal and Historical. Eternal in the sense that there is one divine truth and historical in the sense that it has some deep roots embedded in the past. There is no truth that does not try to acquire a previously unknown historical depth, by bringing together a series of Ideas previously dispersed in a common consciousness, in order to herald a new lineage of the present. There is no Truth as new as it may be which does not claim to be realizing an idea that was not already present in a largely unknown or misinterpreted past. Hence if you exclude or separate them then the understanding of truth is vanished. The recent Arab uprisings had its deep roots in the past as they have been dominated by global capitalism by repressive and oppressive regimes under which large scale exploitation was taking place so people stood up against this injustice and decades of slavery. The Arab uprising can be seen as the Event which is manifestation of truth, truth which has emerged inside arts, science, politics and love. The Truth and its Event is extraordinary that is against the ordinary. Arab uprising is an event which is against ordinary. These Uprising uprisings are eventful as one may describe them because they are the manifestations of truths that have been abolished historically and eternally. Historical in the sense that a vast history of revolutions has been associated with these uprisings whether the Six days War,

The Iranian Revolution or maybe some influence from the French revolution or the urge for people to stop violence on Muslims in Palestine. It is Eternal in the sense that every human has right to live freely and enjoy his life as he wants to be i.e. Liberty, Fraternity and Equality. Arab Uprisings are manifestation of a truth that has came in the form of an Event i.e. The Arab Revolution. But the question remains if such an event is occurred what can be done to remain Faithful to it? To call a Revolution The Revolution is to affirm the sense that one remains faithful to it, if something indeed has come into being in the political field that is worth being faithful to because if the recent Arab uprisings do not fulfills the task and establishing a democratic and just regimes than the whole Event of Arab revolutions will fall along with the Events that had some historical essence to it. Thus the Arab Revolution must change the entire structure it has been longing to change and if this revolution has indeed occurred they must remain faithful to it because it is worth fighting for.