Role of GIS in Urban Planning & Management- A Case study Role of GIS in Urban Land Use Planning &

Management in India Role of GIS technologies in municipal planning Implementing MIS with GIS in Urban Planning

Abstract Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial one. During the last fifty years the population of India has grown two and a half times, but urban India has increased nearly five times. In 2001, 306.9 million Indians (30.5%) were living in nearly 3,700 towns and cities spread across the country, and it is expected to increase to over 533 million by 2021. At the moment, India is among the countries of low level of urbanization. As a result, most urban settlements are characterized by shortfalls in stock housing and water supply, urban encroachments in fringe area, inadequate sewerage, traffic congestion, pollution, poverty and social unrest making urban governance a difficult task to maintain healthy urban environment. High rate of urban population growth is a cause of concern among Indias urban and town planners for efficient urban planning. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt modern technology of remote sensing which includes both aerial as well as satellite based systems, allowing us to collect lot of physical data rather easily, with speed and on repetitive basis, and together with GIS helps us to analyze the data spatially, offering possibilities of generating various options (modeling), thereby optimizing the whole planning process. These information systems also offer interpretation of physical (spatial) data with other socio-economic data, and thereby provide an important linkage in the overall planning process and making it more effective and meaningful.

The review describes the state of use GIS & RS in India and also summarizes the various studies carried out on Role of GIS in Urban Planning & Management. Introduction Over the past forty years Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used in many planning applications ranging from daily administrative operations to strategic planning functions such as evaluating socio-economic data in land use allocation tasks. This technology has various analytical functions that can be used in dealing with spatial problems such as urban planning and management issues. It is useful in assisting planners, decision makers and the community to efficiently respond to challenges, plan successful future and improve service delivery. Although GIS has become a common planning tool in many western developed nations, its application in many developing nations is still limited. This synopsis highlights the applications of GIS in urban land use planning in India. It will focus on GIS applications by local government authorities; evaluate the role of local bodies in conducting research on GIS applications; and discuss the future direction of GIS applications in land use planning in India. Objective The main objective of this synopsis is to investigate the potential use of GIS in urban planning & management in Indian scenario. 1. To find out the prospect of different spatial data models to solve planning problems. 2. To identify the level of efficiency of the data models to solve the problems. 3. To identify shortcomings for spatial and non spatial data integration. 4. To develop efficiency matrix of different data models for different planning applications. 5. To suggest recommendations for implementation.

GIS in Urban Planning & Management. Hualong Zhao (2009) states that Urban planning is one of important public policy that government regulates the spatial resources, instructs the city and countryside development and construction, maintains social justice, safeguards public security and public benefit. His paper researches on the construction of technical system in urban planning management information system, gives the construction method of system database and system functions implement method, analyzes every modules function in urban planning management information system and the characteristics of system.

Using the GIS technology will synthesize many kinds of advanced information technologies. This system simplifies the tedious routine work for the urban planning management work, improves the work quality and the work efficiency and enhances the scientificity, standardization and the automated level of urban planning management immensely. The urban planning system based on the GIS technology will have a broader development prospects.

Praveen Kumar Rai et al (2011) carried out studies on some issues pertaining to role of geoinformatics in indian context. The conclusion from the study is Remote Sensing and GIS are capable of extracting urban land cover information with robust results. Satellite remote sensing with repetitive and synoptic viewing capabilities, as well as multispectral capabilities, is a powerful tool for mapping and monitoring the ecological changes in the urban core and in the peripheral land use planning, will help to reduce unplanned urban sprawl and the associated loss of natural surrounding and biodiversity. On the other hand, moving further, interfacing of urban planning models with GIS should now receive due attention. Incorporation of land use

transportation models, network analysis, simulation of urban activities to evaluate different urban development alternatives in the GIS framework need to be explored for added advantage.

Land use planning, community facilities planning, transport planning, and environmental planning all can benefit from this information. Rapid development in city poses several challenges including problems associated with urbanization for urban managers and policy makers. Meeting these challenges requires access to timely and reliable information.

Carmen Radut & Ramona Chitu (2009) in their research work stated that GIS represents a working technique more and more useful for contemporary world both in the field of theoretical research and in many practical activities. In fact, GIS represents a system that has more informational components, reported to geographical coordinates. GIS techniques allow combining information of different types (figures, images, maps), hardware and software components, all being under the direct coordination and determination of the human component, in order to make analyses and correlations of great complexity.

T R Adhikari & P Singh (2001) in their research paper conclude that bringing the information together for planning and management activities certainly provide broader vision. This approach seems suitable in urban context where problems are multifarious where planning and management decision needs to be incorporated with current issues. The effective implementation of this approach not only seems effective for sustainable urban management but also feasible to correlate with national importance information of income level of owners despite the approach to make useful for whole areas of city which may require further working. 3.0 Conclusion

Remote Sensing and GIS are capable of extracting urban land cover information with robust results. Satellite remote sensing with repetitive and synoptic viewing capabilities, as well as multispectral capabilities, is a powerful tool for mapping and monitoring the ecological changes in the urban core and in the peripheral land use planning, will help to reduce unplanned urban sprawl and the associated loss of natural surrounding and biodiversity. On the other hand, moving further, interfacing of urban planning models with GIS should now receive due attention. Incorporation of land use transportation models, network analysis, and simulation of urban activities to evaluate different urban development alternatives in the GIS framework needs to be explored for added advantage. Land use planning, community facilities planning, transport planning, and environmental planning all can benefit from this information. Rapid development in city poses several challenges including problems associated with urbanization for urban managers and policy makers. Meeting these challenges requires access to timely and reliable information. At present, using a great volume of information calls for achieving a proper way of managing, attentively elaborated and suited totally to data structures. Both spatial information and descriptive information can be integrated into an information managing system, by creating a Geographical Information System (GIS).

References

1. Benenson, I., Aronovich, S. and Noam, S. (2005). Lets talk objects: generic

methodology for urban high-resolution simulation, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Vol.29, No. 1, 425-453.
2. Coors, V. (2003). 3D GIS in networking environments. Computer, Environment and

Urban Systems, Vol. 27, p. 345-357.

3. De la Losa, A. and Cervelle, B. (1999) 3D Topology modelling and visualisation for

3D GIS. Computer and Graphics, 23(4), p. 469-478. 4. Laurini, R. (2001). Information Systems for Urban Planing, Taylor and Francis, p. 4169.
5. Leitmann, J. (1999). Sustaining Cities: Environmental Planning and Management in

Urban Design. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-038316-2.

6. Longley, P. A., and Goodchild, M. F., and Maguire, D. J., and Rhind, D. W. (2000)

Geographic Information Systems and Science, 2. Edition - February 2005, Hardcover, 2005. 536 Pages.
7. Musy, M., Siret, D., Ramos, F. and Groleau, D. (2004). A 3D GIS for environmental

diagnosis of urban frontages. In the proceedings of 24th Urban Data Management Symposium (UDMS), Chiogga, Italia.Pilouk, M. (1996). Integrated Modeling for 3D GIS. PhD thesis at ITC.
8. Yao, R., Steemers, K. and Li, B. (2006). Sustainable urban and architecture design.

China architecture & building press.

9. Zhou, G., Tan, Z., Cheng, P. and Chen, W. (2004). Modelling and visualizing 3D urban

environment via internet for urban planning and monitoring. In th Proceeding XXth ISPRS Congress, in Istanbul, Turkey. 12-23. 10. Brownlee, J., (1998), Managing information to national standards, Local Government Management Board (LGMB) Information society news, Vol. 1, issue 1, pp 9 11. 11. Burrough, P.A. and McDonnell, A., (1998), Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 0-19-823366-3. 12. Huxhold, W.E. and Levinsohn, A.G., (1995), Managing Geographical Information System Projects, Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 0-19-507869-1. 13. Lloyd-Humphreys, A., McDonald, I., Mahoney, R.P. and McLaren, R.A., (1996), The development of a computerized land registration scheme for the Isle of Man, AGI 96 Conference Proceedings, Birmingham, pp 9.15.1 9.15.4. 14. Smith, B., (1998), NLIS 1998: faith in the future, Mapping Awareness, March, pp 22 - 24. 15. Smith, P., (1997), Strategies for GIS development and public on-line access in HM Land Registry, AGI 97 Conference Proceedings, Birmingham, pp 5.5.1 5.5.5.

Books

1. Urban Planning for Dummies by Jordan Yin

2. A Primer of GIS by Francis Harvey

3. Applied GIS and Spatial Analysis 2004 by JOHN STILLWELL & GRAHAM

CLARKE of School of Geography, University of Leeds

4. Encyclopedia of GIS by Shashi Shekar & Hui Xiong

5. Geodemographics, GIS and Neighborhood Targeting by Richard Harris, University of

Bristol

6. Geographic Information Analysis by David OSullivan & David Unwin

7. Geographic Information Systems and Science by Paul A Longley, Micheal F.

Goodchild

8. Geoinformation Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and Geographical Information

Systems by Gottfried Konecny

9. GIS Demystified by Stephen R Galati

10. GIS For Dummies by Michael N DeMers, New Mexico State University

11. GIS in Land and Property Management by Peter Wyatt and Martin Ralphs

12. The Design and Implementation of GIS by John E Harmon & Steven J Anderson

13. Innovations in GIS by Steve Carver

14. Modeling our World by Micheal Zeiler

15. Models in Spatial Analysis 2007 by Lena Sanders

16. Practical GIS Analysis by David L Verbyla

17. Principles of Geographical Information Systems - ITC EDUCATIONAL TEXTBOOK

SERIES

18. Progress in Spatial Analysis Methods & Applications by Antonio Paez

19. Spatial Analysis and GIS by Stewart Fotheringam & Peter Rogerson

20. Spatial Databases with application to GIS by Philippe Rigaux, Michel Scholl, Agnes

Voisard

21. Spatial Modeling 3D GIS by Abdul Rahman & M.Pilouk

22. Uncertainty in Remote Sensing and GIS by GILES M. FOODY and PETER M.

ATKINSON