Different ways of Separating Mixtures

1. Decantation separating immiscible liquids and insoluble solids from

liquids by pouring off less dense liquid (the one that floats) from denser liquid and from the solid. Ex: Water and sand pouring off water and leaving the sand at the bottom **Immiscible liquids liquids that do not mix together **Insoluble liquids substances which does not dissolve in matter (Like water and oil) (by hands) or by a machine or sieve. Ex: Separating gravel and sand, removing the lumps of flour by using a strainer

2. Physical Manipulation separates the components of a mixture manually

3. Distillation combined methods of evaporation and condensation. Liquid is

separated by boiling then the gas is trapped then cooled to get the purified liquid. Ex: Dirty water is boiled so that other impurities will be left then pure water vapor is trapped. of liquid the different components of a mixture are separated. Ex. The cracking of crude oil to get the different fuels like petroleum; Freezing of xenon to be separated from air. Ex: Soil and water, Flour and Water mixture.

4. Fractional Distillation by using the different boiling and freezing points

5. Sedimentation settling down of solid particles in a liquid mixture.

6. Filtration separate solids and liquid by means of passing through filtering

tool like a filter paper, cloth or a strainer. Ex: Filtering the milk lumps from processed milk.

7. Chromatography collective term for sets of laboratory techniques that

separates various mixtures of substances with different solubility rates and behavior. They are dissolve in a fluid called a mobile phase" then are carried through another material in their stationary state. Ex: Ink and Food dyes, Leaf chromatography where the color pigments of plant leaves may appear in different levels, the different pigments are separated by this means. under the sun.

8. Solar evaporation separation of liquid from solid by means of heating

9. Crystallization separating dissolved solute from a solution by means of

heating. Ex: Formation of white powder after heating a sodium hydroxide solution or saline solution (salt and water)
10. Magnetism separation of metallic materials from non-metallic through the

use of a magnet. Ex: Iron fillings and sand then the iron goes with the magnet dense materials float on water.

11. Floatation separates solids and liquids by adding water and letting less

Ex: To separate clean cooking oil and burnt food, add water then freeze the mixture. The clean oil will float then will be frozen. Separating powder from metal and rock sediments by adding water.