City Development Plan For Sambalpur City

City Development Plan-Sambalpur
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) ...................................................... 1 1.3. City Development Plan.............................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1. Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.2. Scope of the work .................................................................................................................. 3 1.4. Approach and Methodology ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Spatial coverage of the Sambalpur City Development Plan ..................................................... 10 1.6 Timeframe for CDP .................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 The relationship between master plan and CDP ...................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2. City Profile and Economy ........................................................................................ 12 2.1. Location and Linkages ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Regional Settings ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Physical Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 Climatic Conditions ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3.3 Drainage System .............................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Geology ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.4 Historical Importance and urban growth: .................................................................................. 15 2.5 Demography............................................................................................................................. 17 2.5.1 Population Growth Trends ................................................................................................ 17 2.5.3 Ward Profile ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Socio- Economic and Culture Heritage Characteristics ............................................................ 23 2.6.1 Key Socio Economic Features ....................................................................................... 23 2.6.2 Details of Occupational Pattern......................................................................................... 24 2.6.3 Trade and Commerce ....................................................................................................... 25 2.6.4 Tourism Related Activities................................................................................................. 26 2.6.5 Industrial Activity ............................................................................................................... 26 2.6.6 Culture Heritage................................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 3. Land Use and Environment ..................................................................................... 28 3.1 Land Use.................................................................................................................................. 28 3.1.1 Development Planning ...................................................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Master Plan/ Land Use Plan ............................................................................................. 28 3.1.2 Spatial Growth pattern ...................................................................................................... 29 Key issues ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 Urban Environment System: Overview..................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Ground Water ................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Water Bodies .................................................................................................................... 31 3.2.2.1 Quality of Pond water ................................................................................................ 31 Key issues ............................................................................................................................. 31
Administrative Staff College of India
CHAPTER 4. Urban Management and Governance ..................................................................... 33 4.1 City Management ..................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions ............................................................................ 34 4.2 Performance of 12th Schedule Functions Municipal Corporation .......................................... 40 4.3 City level Reforms .................................................................................................................... 42 4.4 Functions of Sambalpur Municipality........................................................................................ 43 4.4.1 Organizational Structure of Sambalpur Municipality.......................................................... 43 4.4.2 Employee Strength of Sambalpur Municipality.................................................................. 45 4.4.3 Profile of various Sections................................................................................................. 46 4.4.3.1 Accounts Section ....................................................................................................... 46 4.4.3.2 Cash Section ............................................................................................................. 46 4.4.3.4 Establishment Section ............................................................................................... 46 4.4.3.5 Law Section ............................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3.6 UBS Section .............................................................................................................. 47 4.4.3.7 Vehicle Section .......................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3.8 Works Section............................................................................................................ 47 4.4.3.9 Health Section ........................................................................................................... 49 4.4.3.10 Stores Section ......................................................................................................... 49 4.4.3.11 Primary Education Section:...................................................................................... 49 4.4.3.12 Light Section ............................................................................................................ 49 CHAPTER 5. Municipal Infrastructure........................................................................................... 51 5.1 Water Supply............................................................................................................................ 51 5.1.1 Water Supply Sources ...................................................................................................... 51 5.1.2. Deficit in Water Supply for Different Horizon .................................................................... 52 5.1.2. Service Reservoir/Storage and Distribution System......................................................... 52 5.1.3. System Coverage ............................................................................................................ 52 5.1.4Tariff Structure Water Supply............................................................................................. 53 5.1.5 Performance Indicators ..................................................................................................... 54 5.1.6 Finances and Cost Recovery ............................................................................................ 55 Key Issues ............................................................................................................................. 56 5.2 Sewerage System .................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.1. Tariff Structure sewerage................................................................................................. 57 5.2.2 Sewerage Performance Indicators .................................................................................... 57 5.3. Sanitation ................................................................................................................................ 58 5.4 Storm Water Drainage system ................................................................................................. 59 5.5. Solid Waste Management (SWM) ........................................................................................... 60 5.5.1. Collection, Storage, Transportation and Disposal ............................................................ 61 5.5.1.1 Waste Generation in the City ..................................................................................... 61 5.5.1.2 Composition of Municipal solid Waste ....................................................................... 62 5.5.1.3 Solid Waste Collection ............................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 6. Basic Services to the Poor ...................................................................................... 64 6.1. Slum Over view ....................................................................................................................... 64 6.2 Socio- economic Profile of Slums in Sambalpur ....................................................................... 64
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6.3 Status of Slums ........................................................................................................................ 65 6.3.1 Land Status....................................................................................................................... 65 6.4 Housing Status......................................................................................................................... 65 6.5 Ward-wise Slum Population and location Characteristics......................................................... 66 6.6 Basic Infrastructure in Slums.................................................................................................... 71 6.7 Solid Waste Management in slums .......................................................................................... 72 6.8 Social Infrastructure in Slums................................................................................................... 72 6.9 Poverty Alleviation Programs ................................................................................................... 73 6.10 Funding Pattern under SJSRY (Rs. In lakhs) ......................................................................... 75 6.11 Funding Pattern under NSDP (Rs. In lakhs)........................................................................... 75 6.12 Livelihood Programs............................................................................................................... 76 6.13 Community Structures............................................................................................................ 76 CHAPTER 7. Disaster Management .............................................................................................. 78 7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 78 7.2. Disaster in Orissa.................................................................................................................... 78 7.3. Patterns of Disasters ............................................................................................................... 79 7.3.1. Floods .................................................................................................................................. 79 7.3.2. Cyclone ................................................................................................................................ 79 7.4. Citys Experience .................................................................................................................... 81 7.4.1. Cyclone............................................................................................................................ 81 7.4.2. Flood................................................................................................................................ 81 7.4.3. Earthquake ...................................................................................................................... 82 7.4.4. Accidents ......................................................................................................................... 82 7.4.5. Fire................................................................................................................................... 82 7.4.6. Industrial / Chemical Disasters......................................................................................... 82 7.5. Seasonality of Disaster............................................................................................................ 82 7.5.1. Disaster Vulnerability and Impacts ................................................................................... 83 7.5.2. Review of Risk Potentialities ............................................................................................ 83 7.6. Strategies................................................................................................................................ 84 7.7. Policies ............................................................................................................................... 85 7.8. List of Stakeholders ............................................................................................................ 86 7.9. Institutional Framework ....................................................................................................... 87 7.10. Vulnerable Factors of damage and the risks ..................................................................... 87 7.11. Scheme for Response....................................................................................................... 88 7.11.1. Evacuation and Temporary Shelter............................................................................ 88 7.11.2. Search & Rescue....................................................................................................... 88 7.11.3. First Aid ..................................................................................................................... 89 CHAPTER 8. Gender Mainstreaming............................................................................................. 90 8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 90 8.2 8.3 8.4 Why Mainstreaming Gender.................................................................................................. 90 Current situation .................................................................................................................... 91 Strategies for Integrating Gender Concern ............................................................................ 91 iii
8.4.1. Water Supply........................................................................................................................ 91 8.4.2. Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 92 8.4.3. Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................... 92 8.4.4. Traffic and transportation ..................................................................................................... 92 8.4.5. Slum Improvement ............................................................................................................... 92 8.4.6. Local Economic Development .............................................................................................. 92 8.4.7. Other Gender Related Strategies ......................................................................................... 93 8.5 Gender checklist.................................................................................................................... 93
8.5.1. Project Planning and Design ................................................................................................ 93 8.5.2. Project Implementation......................................................................................................... 93 Water ............................................................................................................................................. 93 Sanitation, SWM, Drainage and sewerage..................................................................................... 94 Women right in urban space- land housing finance........................................................................ 94 Access to livelihood and employment ............................................................................................ 94 Safety and security......................................................................................................................... 94 Urban transport .............................................................................................................................. 95 Being counted ................................................................................................................................ 95 8.5.3. Project Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 95 CHAPTER 9. Municipal Finance .................................................................................................... 96 9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 96 9.1.1 Municipal finances ............................................................................................................ 96 9.1.2 Receipts............................................................................................................................ 96 9.2.1. Trends in Receipt and Expenditure .................................................................................. 97 9.2.2.2. License and other fees.............................................................................................. 99 9.2.2.3. Receipt under Special Act....................................................................................... 100 9.2.2.4. Revenue from derived from Municipal Properties and powers apart from taxation . 100 9.2.2.5. Grants and contribution for general and special purposes ...................................... 101 9.2.2.6. Miscellaneous ......................................................................................................... 102 9.2.2.7. Extraordinary & debts ............................................................................................. 102 9.2.3. Expenditure.................................................................................................................... 104 9.2.3.1. General Administration ........................................................................................... 104 9.2.3.2. Collection of taxes & fees ....................................................................................... 105 9.2.3.3. Pensions & Gratuities ............................................................................................. 105 9.2.3.4. Public Safety........................................................................................................... 106 9.2.3.5. Public Health........................................................................................................... 106 9.2.3.6. Medical ................................................................................................................... 107 9.2.3.7. Public Convenience ................................................................................................ 107 9.2.3.8. Public Institution...................................................................................................... 108 9.2.3.9. Miscellaneous ......................................................................................................... 108 9.2.3.10. Extra Ordinary & Debts ......................................................................................... 109
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Key Issues ........................................................................................................................... 112 CHAPTER 10. Strategic Action Plan & City Investment Plan ...................................................... 116 10.1 SWOT Analysis .................................................................................................................... 116 10.2 Vision Statement .................................................................................................................. 116 10.3 Projection of Future Population.......................................................................................... 117
10.4 Strategic Action Plan ............................................................................................................ 117 10.4.1 Strategies for Water Supply .......................................................................................... 117 10.4.2 Strategies for Sewerage and Sanitation ........................................................................ 119 10.4.3 Strategies for Storm Water Drains ................................................................................ 121 10.4.4. Strategies for Solid Waste Management ...................................................................... 122 10.4.5. Strategies for Traffic and transportation ....................................................................... 123 10.4.6. Strategies for Slum Improvement................................................................................. 125 10.4.7 Strategies for Urban Environment ................................................................................. 126 10.4.8.Strategies Health .......................................................................................................... 127 10.4.9.Strategies for Local Economic Development................................................................. 128 CHAPTER 11. City Investment Plan .............................................................................................. 130 11.1. Investment Plan Sambalpur City ......................................................................................... 130 11.1.1 Financing Arrangement for Sambalpur.............................................................................. 131 11.1.2 Implementation mechanism for CDP ................................................................................. 131 11.2. Identified projects in each sectors and Roles of responsibilities of institutions for implementing the projects proposed under City Investment Plan ....................................................................... 131 11.2.1. Water Supply ............................................................................................................... 131 11.2.2 Sewerage...................................................................................................................... 132 11.2.4. Storm Water Drainage ................................................................................................. 133 11.2.5. Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................ 133 11.2.6. Traffic and Transportation ............................................................................................ 134 11.2.7. Slum Development and Poverty Reduction.................................................................. 135 11.2.8. Disaster Management .................................................................................................. 136 11.2.9. Gender Development ................................................................................................... 136 11.2.10 Environment................................................................................................................ 136 11.3.1 The strategic action plan for water supply is given below:............................................. 138 11.3.2 The strategic action plan for sewerage is given below: ................................................. 138 11.3.3 The strategic action plan for Storm Water Drainage is given below: ............................. 139 11.3.4 The strategic action plan for solid waste management is given below: ......................... 139 11.3.5 The strategic action plan for Traffic and transportation is given below: ......................... 140 11.3.6 The strategic action plan for Slum Development and Poverty Reduction is given below: ................................................................................................................................................ 141 11.3.7 The strategic action plan for Disaster Management is given below: .............................. 142 11.3.8 The strategic action plan for gender development is given below: ................................ 142 11.3.9 The strategic action plan for environment is given below: ............................................. 143 11.4. City investment plan year wise (Rs. in Crores)................................................................ 143 11.4.1 City investment plan year wise water supply (Rs. in Crores)......................................... 143 11.4.2. City investment plan year wise sewerage (Rs. in Crores) ............................................ 144 11.4.3. City investment plan year wise storm water drainage (Rs. in Crores) .......................... 145 11.4.4. City investment plan year wise solid waste management (Rs. in Crores) .................... 145 11.4.5. City investment plan year wise Traffic and Transportation (Rs. in Crores) ................... 146 11.4.6. City investment plan year wise Slum development and Poverty Reduction (Rs. in Crores)..................................................................................................................................... 147 11.4.7. City investment plan year wise Disaster Management (Rs. in Crores) ......................... 148 11.4.8. City investment plan year wise Gender Development (Rs. in Crores) .......................... 148 11.4.9. City investment plan year wise Environment (Rs. in Crores)........................................ 149 11.5 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ...................................................................................... 150
11.5.1 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN..................................................................................... 150 11.5.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENT ESTIMATE, CIP AND PHASING ........................................... 150 11.5.3 BASE AND BASIS ........................................................................................................ 152 11.5.4 KEY ASSUMPTIONS.................................................................................................... 153
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Master plan area and city area ............................................................................................. 11 Table 2.1 Population growth rate........................................................................................................ 17 Table 2.2 Showing ward wise population and Density........................................................................ 18 Table 2.3 Decadal sex ratio................................................................................................................ 23 Table 2.4 Key socio-economic features.............................................................................................. 23 Table 2.5 Showing workers participation in 1991 and 2001................................................................ 24 Table 2.6 Showing category wise workers participation in 1991......................................................... 25 Table 2.7 Number of Tourist Inflow in past three years ...................................................................... 26 Table 3.1 Showing Land use as per the master plan 1978 ................................................................. 28 Table 3.2 Showing Land use as per the master plan 1978 ................................................................. 29 Table 3.3 Location & Characteristics of Pond..................................................................................... 32 Table 4.1 Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions.......................................................................... 34 Table 4.2 Institutional framework and role of urban local body in different sectors ............................ 37 Table 4.3 Performance of 12th Schedule Functions Municipal Corporation..................................... 40 Table 4.4 City level Reforms .............................................................................................................. 42 Table 4.5 Classification of Employees of Sambalpur Municipality ...................................................... 45 Table 5.1 Source of Water supply in Sambalpur ................................................................................ 51 Table 5.2 Availability of Water supply in Sambalpur ........................................................................... 52 Table 5.3 Connection percent in different categories.......................................................................... 53 Table 5.4 Tariff Structure Water Supply.............................................................................................. 53 Table 5.5 Connection Costs for Water Supply.................................................................................... 53 Table 5.6 Performance indicators for Water Supply ........................................................................... 54 Table 5.7 Annual O&M costs and revenue collection for Water Supply .............................................. 55 Table 5.8 Sewerage Performance indicators...................................................................................... 57 Table 5.9 Showing the Access to Sanitation Facilities........................................................................ 58 Table 5.10 Performance indicator for SWM........................................................................................ 60 Table 5.11 Showing Total Waste Generated in Sambalpur Municipal Area........................................ 61 Table 5.12 Primary collection implements Available Sambalpur Municipality ..................................... 63 Table 6.1 Slum Population in sambalpur Table 6.2 Literacy Rates of City and Slum....................... 64 Table 6.3 Notified Non-notified slums in sambalpur Municipality ........................................................ 65 Table 6.4 Land status slums in sambalpur Municipality...................................................................... 65 Table 6.5 Housing status in slums in sambalpur Municipality ............................................................ 65 Table 6.6 Slum household and population.......................................................................................... 67 Table 6.7 Service delivery status in slums in sambalpur Municipality ................................................. 71 Table 6.8 Toilets and Drains status in slums in sambalpur Municipality ............................................. 72 Table 6.9 Garbage Collection status in slums in sambalpur Municipality........................................... 72 Table 6.10 Social infrastructure in slums in sambalpur Municipality ................................................... 72 Table 6.11 Schemes for poverty elevation in sambalpur Municipality................................................ 73 Table 6.12 Details of pensions given in sambalpur Municipality ......................................................... 74 Table 6.13 Details of Social inputs under sambalpur Municipality ...................................................... 75 Table 6.14 Funding pattern under SJSRY .......................................................................................... 75 Table 6.15 Funding pattern under NSDP............................................................................................ 76 Table 6.16 Livelihood programs ......................................................................................................... 76 Table 6.17 Community Structure ........................................................................................................ 76 Table 7.1 Seasonality of disaster........................................................................................................ 82 Table 7.2 Disaster vulnerability........................................................................................................... 83 Table 7.3 Risk potential ...................................................................................................................... 83 Table 7.4 Features Of The Disaster Management Policy ................................................................... 85 Table 9.1 Summary of Finances of Sambalpur Municipality ............................................................... 97 Table 9.2 Heads of receipt of Sambalpur Municipality........................................................................ 98 Table 9.3 Heads of expenditure of Sambalpur Municipality .............................................................. 104 Table 9.4 Asset ................................................................................................................................ 111 Table 10.1 Population projection ...................................................................................................... 117 Table 11.1 Allocation of funds for CIP .............................................................................................. 130 Table 11.2 Agencies considered for Contribution of funds ............................................................... 131 Table 11.3 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Water Supply ...................................... 131 Table 11.4 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Sewerage ........................................... 132
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Table 11.5 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Storm Water Drainage ........................ 133 Table 11.6 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for SWM................................................... 133 Table 11.7 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Traffic & Transportation ..................... 134 Table 11.8 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Slum Development & Poverty Reduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 135 Table 11.9 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Disaster Management......................... 136 Table 11.10 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Gender Development........................ 136 Table 11.11 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Environment ..................................... 136 Table 11.12 Strategic Action Plan for Water Supply ......................................................................... 138 Table 11.13 Strategic Action Plan for Sewerage .............................................................................. 138 Table 11.14 Strategic Action Plan for Drainage................................................................................ 139 Table 11.15 Strategic Action Plan for Solid Waste Management...................................................... 140 Table 11.16 Strategic Action Plan for Traffic & Transportation ......................................................... 140 Table 11.17 Strategic Action Plan for Slum Development & Poverty Reduction ............................... 141 Table 11.18 Strategic Action Plan for Disaster Management............................................................ 142 Table 11.19 Strategic Action Plan for Gender Development............................................................. 142 Table 11.20 Strategic Action Plan for Environment .......................................................................... 143 Table 11.21 City Investment Plan..................................................................................................... 143 Table 11.22 City Investment Plan for Water Supply ......................................................................... 143 Table 11.23 City Investment Plan for Sewerage............................................................................... 144 Table 11.24 City Investment Plan for Storm Water Drainage ........................................................... 145 Table 11.25 City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management ...................................................... 146 Table 11.26 City Investment Plan for Traffic and Transportation ...................................................... 146 Table 11.27 City Investment Plan for Slum development & Poverty Reduction ................................ 147 Table 11.28 City Investment Plan for Disaster Management ............................................................ 148 Table 11.29 City Investment Plan for Gender Development ............................................................. 148 Table 11.30 City Investment Plan for Environment........................................................................... 149
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Map of the city describing ward boundaries....................................................................... 13 Figure 2.2 Population ......................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 2.3 Population growth rate....................................................................................................... 18 Figure 2.4 Showing the Ward Map of the city with Ward wise Population .......................................... 19 Figure 3.1 Showing the potential growth area .................................................................................... 29 Figure 4.1 The organization structure political wing of Municipality .................................................... 44 Figure 5.1 Showing Total Waste Generated in Municipal Area........................................................... 62 Figure 6.1 Slum location map............................................................................................................. 66 Figure 6.2 Names of slums with their location .................................................................................... 68 Figure 6.4 Ward wise Slum Population............................................................................................... 69 Figure 6.6 Percentage Slum Population Over Ward Population ......................................................... 70 Figure 7.1 Wind and Cyclone Zones in Orissa ................................................................................... 80 Figure 7.2 Map showing the disaster affected areas in Orissa ........................................................... 80 Figure 9.1 Trends in Receipt and Expenditure of Sambalpur Municipality.......................................... 97 Figure 9.2 Growth rate of revenue from rates and receipt .................................................................. 99 Figure 9.3 Growth rate of revenue from licence and other fees ........................................................ 100 Figure 9.4 Growth rate of receipt under special acts ........................................................................ 100 Figure 9.5 Growth rate of revenue from properties and powers apart from taxation ......................... 101 Figure 9.6 Growth rate showing receipt under grant contribution ..................................................... 101 Figure 9.7 Growth rate of receipt under miscellaneous head............................................................ 102 Figure 9.8 Growth rate of receipt from extraordinary & debt ............................................................. 102 Figure 9.9 Percentage of Share of each head of income to total income in the year 2006-07, 2007-08 ......................................................................................................................................................... 103 Figure 9.10 Growth rate of revenue from rates and receipt .............................................................. 105 Figure 9.11 Growth rate of Expenditure under head collection of taxes and fees ............................. 105 Figure 9.12 Growth rate of Expenditure under head pension and gratuities ..................................... 106 Figure 9.13 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public safety ............................................. 106 Figure 9.14 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public health ............................................. 107 Figure 9.15 Growth rate of Expenditure under medical .................................................................... 107 Figure 9.16 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public convenience.................................... 108 Figure 9.17 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public institution......................................... 108 Figure 9.18 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head miscellaneous ........................................... 109 Figure 9.19 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head extraordinary & dept .................................. 109 Figure 9.20 Graph showing Percentage of Share of each head of expenditure to total expenditure in the year 2006-07, 2007-08 ............................................................................................................... 110
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CHAPTER 1.
1.1. Background
Introduction
Orissa is a prominent state of India with a long coastline and a storehouse of mineral wealth. Because of its mineral wealth and strategic location it attracts significant investment in steel, aluminum, power, refineries, and infrastructure. Orissa is also emerging as a player in the outsourcing IT (Information Technology) and IT services industry. Contemporary Orissa has a rich cultural heritage that is an outcome of the intermingling of three great religious traditions - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The state has a population of 36.8 million (2001 Census). About 85% of the population lives in the villages and one third of the rural population does not own any land other than homesteads. Orissa is one of the 5th least urbanized state in India with only 15% of its population (5.5 million) living in towns and cities. The state comprises of 103 urban local bodies (ULBs) comprising of two municipal corporations and 101 municipalities. The urban areas in the state have huge potential for promoting economic growth and for reducing poverty but are constrained by various factors such as lack of financial resources, poor level of services, and weak capability of ULBs. Government of India, state government and multi lateral agencies such as DFID, UNDP etc are playing a significant role in enabling the ULBs to overcome these challenges. In this context, GoI has launched fiscal incentive programmes viz., JnNURM, UIDSSMT, IHSDP that provide significant grant support linked to reforms implementation. These programmes offer huge opportunities to ULBs for promoting economic growth and service delivery in an equitable manner.
1.2. Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
Considering the growing role of cities as engines of economic growth and poverty reduction in the country, the Government of India (GOI) has launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme in Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), with the aim to create economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. Under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, 63 cities are eligible for accessing funds. These 63 cities comprise of mega cities, metropolitan cities, capital cities and cities of architectural and cultural importance. To access the funds under JNNURM, these 63 cities are required to prepare a CDP and
implement a set of reforms at the State and the City levels by entering into a tripartite agreement. It is mandatory to prepare a City Development Plan through consultative process. The remaining cities and towns are covered under the UIDSSMT program, which also provides grant support by linking investments to reforms implementation. Under UIDSSMT towns and cities are encouraged to formulate City Development Plans for holistic and planned development.
1.3. City Development Plan

The City Development Plan under JNNURM and UIDSSMT focuses on the development of economic and social infrastructure, strategies that deal specifically with issues affecting the urban poor, strengthening of municipal governments and their financial accounting and budgeting systems and procedures, creation of structures for bringing in accountability and transparency, and elimination of legal and other bottlenecks that have stifled the land and housing markets. It provides a basis for cities to undertake urban sector reforms that help direct investment into city based infrastructure. The CDP of a city is a reflection of the citys stakeholders aspirations and comprises of vision for the city, a strategic action plan and city assistance program. In this context State Urban Development Agency SUDA (a state level nodal agency) has appointed Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad for the preparation of city development plans (CDP) for three cities i.e. Cuttack, Sambalpur & Berhampur of Orissa. These three cities i.e. Cuttack, Berhampur and Sambalpur have also been covered under UIDSSMT, Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) and the study on preparation of CDPs by ASCI assumes importance since it is desirable to access funds under these programmes. The study entrusted to ASCI also assumes importance in the context of recently launched UNDP project titled Capacity Building for Decentralized Urban Governance for four Urban Local Bodies namely Cuttack, Puri, Berharmpur, Sambalpur, to improve their infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of global benchmarks. The UNDP project also envisages preparation of City Development Plans for the project cities. The Administrative Staff College of India has prepared the CDP reports for cities of Cuttack, Berhampur and Sambalpur separately. This report presents the City Development Plan for Sambalpur City.
1.3.1. Objectives
The purpose of CDP is to present and analyze the current status of city development, identify priorities and future requirements and provide a framework and vision for effective implementation of development projects. It emphasizes on issues of priority local concerns for liveability, and the implied requirements in terms of: Enhancing city productivity Reducing poverty Specific emphasis to gender Improving urban governance and Enhancing financial sustainability Preparing the cities for effective disaster management
1.3.2. Scope of the work

The CDP is prepared keeping in view the tool kits, guidelines and instructions provided by SUDA, and also JnNURM guidelines for preparation of CDP. The scope of work included the following: A situation analysis, focusing on demographic trends, land use pattern, economic growth, city governance and status on access and coverage of services (i.e. water supply, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, road network, urban transport, street lighting, redevelopment of inner (old) city area, basic services to urban poor and other social infrastructure). Study of existing setup of departments, issues of inter departmental coordination and review of various projects being executed or proposed. A future perspective for the city clearly showing the direction of change as well as a vision and framework for economic growth and increased access to services. (sectoral agenda, reform agenda, quality of life, urban services, social and gender inclusion etc.) Formulating development strategies in the areas of economic development, governance, land use, urban poor, core municipal infrastructure, urban environment and cultural heritage etc., prioritization and linkage with reform agendas.
City Investment Plan (CIP) with clear estimates of investments and financing options, referring to the order of investment needed to implement the perspective and alternative financing strategies. To identify key institutional stakeholders, their financial status report with service provision including an analysis of their creditworthiness and efficiency of the institutional framework. To prepare population forecast for year 2031 by standard methods and to incorporate the proposed population with approval of the concerned Urban Local Bodies. To consult relevant parastatal department like Sambalpur Development Authority, Berhampur Development Authority, Cuttack Development Authority, Housing Board, Slum Clearance Board, NH, NHAI, Railway, State Electricity Company, Irrigation Department. OSRTC, State R & B, Environment & Forest, Bureau of Economics and Statistics etc. before preparation of CDP so that projects concerned with them are included in the CDP for the advantage of the ULB. To organize meetings and workshops with various stakeholders and to consider the outcomes and issues that arise in such meetings. These outcomes and issues shall be considered while framing the CDP. To give special attention and consideration for the works to be taken up for cities that have potential for developing as tourism center, city of historical and heritage importance, coastal town or tribal town in the over all regional context. To undertake a review of the existing situation analysis with regard to disaster and environmental threats along with the current framework to address these threats and the strategy / options needed to mitigate such threats.
1.4. Approach and Methodology
The overall approach and methodology for the implementation of the assignment involves collection and analysis of primary and secondary data and discussions and consultations with key stakeholders. CDP PROCESS: The process of developing a CDP has been presented below
FIGURE 1.1
The City Assessment Opportunities, strengths, risks and weaknesses, unmet demand / gap
Parameters Demography Economic base Financial aspects Physical environmental aspects Infrastructure Institutions
&
Future perspective and vision Direction of change and expectations
Multi stakeholder Consultations Strategies for development Developing options and strategies, prioritizing them and linking them with reform agenda
Sectors / Components Environmental services Social infrastructure Urban renewal Slum improvement and housing for EWS Transport and roads Services to the urban poor Gender
City investment Plan Developing projects along with costs to arrive at total financial requirements and financing options.
Phase 1 Preparatory Phase
Phase 2
Envisioning Phase
Phase 4
Documentation Phase
Phase 3
Strategizing Phase
Phase 1: Preparatory Phase The study has involved four key phases for the CDP Preparation. Phase 1, focused on current state assessment with assistance from State Urban Development Agency (SUDA) Bhubaneswar. This phase has laid the foundation for planning and undertaking the CDP process and consisted of the following steps:
Preparatory Phase
STEP 1
Initial Meetings Current State Assessment
STEP 2
Stakeholder Identification and Analysis
STEP 3
Stakeholder Consultation for Situational Analysis
Initial Meetings: ASCI team has met the key officials of SUDA, the officials of urban local body and other key institutions including the parastatals to initiate the exercise. The exercise has aimed at achieving/ understanding the following: STEP 1: Stakeholder Identification and Analysis ASCI, in consultation with SUDA and local ULB officials has identified the key stakeholders, analysed the importance of each of them in the CDP process and their potential in influencing the process. The stakeholders were extensivel involved in the CDP process. STEP 2: Initial Stakeholders Consultations ASCI with support from SUDA and ULB has organized a city level consultation meeting to obtain the inputs of the key stakeholders. The objective of the consultation meeting was to brief the stakeholders about the CDP initiative, obtain their inputs for the same and inform the progress of activities. The consultations focused on the following: Inputs on identification of critical focus areas of city development Discussions on key issues, concerns and challenges of the city Suggestions and recommendations
STEP 3: Current State Assessment ASCI has undertaken a study of the current situation in the areas of economy, land use, services, poverty, finances etc. with the stakeholders participation and involvement. The objective of this step was to obtain comprehensive information and consequently, an indepth understanding of the existing state of affairs in terms of information necessary for
preparation of the city development plan. This helped to identify the critical sectors of development and focus areas of CDP. The following approach was adopted for assessing the current situation. City Assessment Existing Situation Analysis
Study the past and existing development plans/ policies/ initiatives with respect to infrastructure, poverty, disaster, gender, economy, environment, etc. and their impact on the city Demographic and socio economic status of the city, spatial spread and growth directions, associated issues, strategy options to address key issues Institutional arrangements, key stakeholder agencies, their functional and territorial jurisdictions, organizational capacities and associated issues like coordination, overlapping of functions etc. Current level of housing and urban basic services in the city in terms of quantity, coverage, quality and reliability current demand supply gaps and future requirement based on appropriate norms of service delivery/ stakeholder expectations, project identification and description, CIP Assessment of the financial status of the ULB, bringing out key financial indicators and an assessment or credit worthiness of the stakeholder agency in terms of financial performance and operating surpluses Identification of the key issues, challenges and focus areas of growth and development which may include urban poor, areas of inner city for urban renewal, commercial and industrial establishments, heritage areas, etc. Forecasting the trends in population growth, infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short, medium and long term
Phase 2: Envisioning Phase Phase 2 of the study involved envisioning exercise with various key stakeholder organizations. The objective of this phase was to draw up a City Strategic Vision and City Investment Planning for the thrust areas identified, in discussion with SUDA and ULB.
Phase 2: Envisioning Phase
STEP 1
Theme Development
STEP 2
Thrust Area Identification
STEP 3
Future State Definition
STEP 4
Visioning Workshop
STEP 5
Preparation & Refinement of CIP
STEP 1: Theme Development The vision for the city was evolved around specific themes for development. ASCI has assisted stakeholders in identifying one central or core theme on the basis of defined criteria for economic development of each city, driving the future planning and economic initiatives. The core theme was supported by other themes built around it as sub-themes for growth/ development. Theme Identification Criteria: 1. Potential Economic Impact 2. Multiplier Effect on Other Sectors 3. Uniqueness of Positioning STEP 2: Thrust Area Identification Subsequently, ASCI have identified the thrust areas taking into consideration the stakeholders aspirations and expectations of key officials of SUDA. Within each thrust area, the development enablers, that require focused attention for the development of each city, were identified.
Thrust Areas for Each City Industry Economic goals growth engines Governance Stakeholder and streamlining transparency service delivery
Social Development
accountability Poverty reduction and slum participation, improvement administration, Social infrastructure equitable Gender perspective
STEP 3: Future State Definition Based on the above activities and inputs from the previous exercises, a draft vision was formulated and presented to the key stakeholders for their inputs and approval. STEP 4: Visioning Workshop A visioning workshop was conducted with the key stakeholders to present and discuss the draft vision and year wise sectoral strategies for the city. STEP 5: Preparation and Refinement of CIP Subsequent to formulation of the City Strategic Vision, a City Investment Plan was formulated for various key areas of development, for achieving the defined vision. Phase 3: Strategizing Phase This phase has involved identification of specific program and projects in each development area and a brief description of them covering an overview of the proposed program/project including the program/ project goal, objectives, broad financial implications and contribution to the vision actualization. STEP 1: Implementation Action Plan This step involved preparation of an implementation plan with clear milestones for the identified projects to ensure timely implementation and sustainable stakeholder participation.
Programs/ Identified Programs Program 1 Program n Project Project 1 Project n
Project Responsible agency/Stakeholder
Estimated Duration
Implementation Plan Phase 4: Documentation Phase This phase has involved sharing of all the reports and outputs with SUDA, ULB and key stakeholders and finalizing the same after incorporating their feedback. These outputs are documented for the purpose of wider dissemination. Integrating gender concerns in all the process: A key thrust of the CDP is to bring gender focus in the preparation of CDP. This has been ensured in the following ways: 1. In the stakeholder consultation and FGD, concerns, needs and priorities are identified separately for women and men 2. Wherever possible, gender disaggregated data was colleted, analyzed and presented. 3. Strategies and City investment plan are prepared incorporating the gender development.
1.5 Spatial coverage of the Sambalpur City Development Plan

The spatial coverage of the proposed Sambalpur City Development Plan was determined based on the following: 1. 2 Mapping of the present development area and its comparison with the municipal area City reconnaissance to understand the growth potential, growth directions and extend and the potential areas of growth between development area and the municipal area of growth on the periphery/city outskirts beyond the municipal area. 3. Consultation with the stakeholders on the citys future growth potential and direction
of growth. A review of the growth potential within the development area and around the municipal limits indicates that the areas which have been registered rapid growth in the recent past do not form part of municipal or city jurisdiction. These areas mainly constitute the Burla area and Hirakund area. Discussions also revealed that these areas have the potential to form a larger municipal area leading to constitution of Sambalpur Municipal Corporation.
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Based on the above, Sambalpur CDP is proposed to cover an area of 170 sq.km covering the present municipal limits, Burla area and Hirakund area. The CDP also recommends to consider Sambalpur Municipal Corporation covering these areas. The envisaged CDP area of 170 sq. kms. includes the Sambalpur municipal area of 33.66 sq. kms, Burla area of 87.30 sq kms and Hirakund area of 49.02 sq kms.
1.6 Timeframe for CDP

Based on the discussions with stakeholders, following timeframe for CDP is suggested: Start date 2008 Mid period 2011 and 2021 End date 2028; However, the end date is rounded off to the closest census year of 2031.
1.7 The relationship between master plan and CDP

Master Plan is a spatial document. CDP is a far more comprehensive vision document and would subsume the master plan. CDP should indicate the direction in which the city would like to move on. The municipal area, master plan area and development area is given below: Table 1: Municipal area, Master plan area and CDP area Area in sq km Sambalpur Municipal Area Sambalpur Master Plan Area Sambalpur CDP Area (Sambalpur municipal area of 33.66 sq. kms + Burla area of 87.30 sq kms + Hirakund area of 49.02 sq kms 170 33.66 95.68
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CHAPTER 2.
2.1. Location and Linkages
City Profile and Economy
Sambalpur is a major town and an administrative headquarter of Sambalpur district having a population of 1, 53,643 (2001 census). The town derives its name from the Goddess SAMALAI who was installed as tutelary deity by Maharaj Balaram Dev. Sambalpur is surrounded by two important notified area councils namely Hirakud and Burla towns which house Hirakud Dam, V.S.S Medical College, Sambalpur University, University College of Engineering and Industry like HINDALCO. These three towns viz., Sambalpur, Hirakud, Burla are well connected by N.H 06 and NH42 with Bhubaneswar and Cuttack on the one hand and Bargarh and Raipur on the other. An upcoming industrial area in the state and the region known as Jharsuguda is just 50 k.m. away from Sambalpur on S.H 10. Sambalpur has well linked Railway line connecting Kolkota on the one hand and Chennai on the other. Thus, Sambalpur town has the potential to emerge as regional growth hub along with the Hirakud, Burla and Jharsuguda areas. The temperature of this town varies from 45 0C to 200C. 91% of rain is received during June to September i.e. during southwest monsoon. The soil of this town and its surrounding area is of hard type. The texture of the soil is of black cotton kind of clay.
2.2 Regional Settings
The regional setting of any city not only forms the base for its future development but also has a great influence towards improving its economy and raising its standards. Sambalpur town is located in the Middle part of the Sambalpur District. It is surrounded by Angul, Boudh & Sonepur district to the South, Bargarh district to the West,.Jharsuguda & Sundergarh to the North and Deogarh District to the East .
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Figure 2.1 Map of the city describing ward boundaries
Sambalpur City covers the area of 33.66 sq km.
City Profile
Population (current year) Area in sq. km of Municipal Area Development Area in sq.km Number of Wards Year of Establishment of Municipality Geographical Location Latitude: 83o.58E Longitude: 21o.28 N Elevation from the mean sea level (in feet): 513 29 1876 95.68 sq. km population 587637 1, 53,643(2001) 33.66 SqKm
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Connectivity
Air:The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: Sumbalpur is connected by Railway with direct rail link to Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad and Chennai, Bangalore, Cochin, Patna, Guahati, Bhubaneswar & Puri. Road: The town is well connected with the major Indian Metropolis like Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai and New Delhi and other Urban Centers of Orissa through a network of roads and rails. The National Highway NO.6 linking Kolkata and Mumbai passes through Sambalpur. The NH 42 connecting NH-5 & NH6 starts from Sambalpur.
Climate
Temperature Summer - Max.46, Min.25.1; Winter - Max.35.2, Min.5 Average Annual Rainfall: Mid June-September 60.5 inches (153.82 cms) Humidity: The mean relative humidity varies from 38%to 86%at 08.30 hrs and from 19%to 84%at 17.30 hrs.
2.3. Physical Characteristics

The geographical structures of this city/town include fertile land. In fact, this town is made up of Indo Alluvial meadows (grounds) since ancient time. We find layers of Aeolian on the soil of this area. We can also find clay, sand and small stones mixed with the soil.
2.3.1 Geography
Sambalpur town is located at 21- 3' North Latitude and 84- 0' East Longitude in Western Orissa. The average elevation is 150.75 meters above the mean sea level. The geography of Sambalpur comprises of the following: Rivers :Mountains :Plain Area :Small Ponds :Big Ponds :Sea/Gulf :Administrative Staff College of India
The Mahanadi Laxmi Dungri, Budharaja, Brooks Hill (Small hill) Mandlia, Sunapali, Durgapali, Dhanupali, Makhnapara 18 8 Nil
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2.3.2 Climatic Conditions

The town experiences extreme type of climate with hot and dry summer followed by humid monsoon rain and severe cold in winter with maximum and minimum recorded temperature of 46C and 5 C, respectively. The average annual rainfall is 1388mm. The southeast to Southwest areas experience rain, during July to September. 91% of rain of the season is received during this period. Some amount of rainfall is received from western disturbances during winter.
2.3.3 Drainage System

The topography of Sambalpur town is saucer shaped. Hence excess water due to storm creates flood. The Mahanadi is a perennial river flowing through the town. The rain water instead of flowing into other rivers flow towards land areas, causing floods particularly in the northern and southern parts of the town.
2.3.4 Geology
The most prevalent soil of city is of clay type, which is known as black cotton and at times lime stones/sand layers are also found in this kind of land. Some parts the land is of reddish or yellowish in appearance, and is not suitable for cultivation. Thick spread of sandy soil and saline mud flats is found along the coast.
2.4 Historical Importance and urban growth:

In the year 1556, Raja Balaram Singh established his capital in Sambalpur village and established titulary deity Samleswari and a temple. Between 1556 to 1800, the town development was in a bow form. The town was surrounded by a semicircular water channel, which ultimately negotiated river Mahanadi towards South. The main activity of the town was limited to the landmass coming within the water channel and the river. Royal and religious activities, trade and commerce, etc. were concentrated within this landmass. Since maritime activity was also one of the traditional occupations, the fishermen and the Jhara community also flourished and probably settled outside the water channel, which is presently known as Kunjel Para.
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Towards the late part of the 19th Century English people have taken over the town and railway connection was extended to Sambalpur from Jharsuguda. With the establishment of British rule in Sambalpur some important institutions came up, such as Jail, the Military Barrack, the Police Guard House, etc. The court complex contributed to the linear development of the town along the riverbed. The Jail and the Military barracks opened up a new road, which led to the extension of the town. Though Railway came to Sambalpur in 1893, its impact during past seven years was not conspicuous. However at the beginning of 20th century, the trade and commerce has picked up and flourished due to the railways. The Railways helped in organizing the market on a sound footing and encouraged outsiders to come and settle in Sambalpur. Areas like Khetrajpur, Modipara, Marwaripara, Sansarak etc. have developed as commercial areas and mainly housed the business community. During this period some local institutions like post office, the district board office, the hospital, the town hall, the club House etc have come into existence. The presence of police line and road station has contributed to the development of northern part of the city. The Zilla School was established in the year 1920 which presently houses the Gangadhar Meher College. During 1946, the Orissa Secretariat was shifted to Sambalpur, and the Zilla School premises were used as the Secretariat. The workers of the Secretariat were given residential accommodation at the foot of the Budharaja Hills. The District Hospital was established in the year 1939 adjacent to the college. Thus it can be stated that Sambalpur had its full fledged growth from the temple Samaleswari, to the Collectorate complex, which formed the east-west axis of development and the complexes like, Police Line, Road Station and Secretariat, accelerated the development along NorthSouth axis. Due to the construction and operation of the multi-purpose Hirakud Dam Project the importance of Sambalpur increased manifold between 1948 to 1961. After 1961 the town has been gaining importance as an administrative-cum-institutional and commercial centre. As a result the demand for more shops, offices, educational institutions, residential areas etc is increasing day by day. This has to a large extent resulted in haphazard and unplanned development of the town. New residential colonies built by Government and SemiGovernment bodies have come up towards the North East of the town, viz the L.I.C. Colony, PWD colony etc. A good number of offices and institutions have also come up during this period, including the womens college and the training college.
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2.5 Demography
According to the 2001 census Sambalpur town has a population of 1, 54,164. The decadal growth of population in Sambalpur town from 1961 to 2001 is shown in Table below. The Growth rate of the population was highest during the years 1981. The growth rate of population has marginally decreased during the last decade. But due to rapid industrialization in and around Sambalpur in Power, Steel and Aluminium sectors during last five years, huge migration of work force from surrounding region is taking place.
2.5.1 Population Growth Trends
Table 2.1 Population growth rate

Year Area of the City (in sq. kms) Population Density per Sq.km Population Growth Rate
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
25.38 25.38 33.66 33.66 33.66
38,195 64,675 1,10,282 1,31,138 1,54,164
1504 2548 3276 3895 4580
66.2 69.32 70.51 18.91 17.55
Source: District Statistical Hand Book Sambalpur
Figure 2.2 Population
The following graph shows the population has gone up during 1961 to 1981 due the construction of Hira Kund Dam near the city as well as extension of the jurisdiction of the city.
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Figure 2.3 Population growth rate
2.5.3 Ward Profile

Sambalpur Municipality is divided into 29 administrative wards. The population, households and average household size of each ward are furnished in Table Below. Table 2.2 Showing ward wise population and Density
Ward no. Area in sq km Ward_ Population Ward Density (pers./ sq km) % Ward population Over Total population
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2.849 0.971 2.104 0.486 1.781 0.324 0.486 0.809 3.310 0.162 0.057 0.162 0.162 0.486 0.486 0.486 0.324 0.486 0.324 0.324
5508 6060 8937 5526 6218 4555 5261 6032 4997 3603 3209 3589 4155 4284 4053 6460 6729 4760 4930 5795
1933 6239 4247 11379 3492 14069 10833 7453 1510 22258 56640 22171 25668 8822 8346 13302 20785 9802 15228 17900
3.6 3.9 5.8 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.9 3.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 4.2 4.4 3.1 3.2 3.8
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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
0.971 0.324 0.486 3.634 5.131 0.809 2.266 1.133 2.331
4689 3785 4093 5095 4125 4842 6559 7377 8417
4828 11691 8428 1402 804 5982 2894 6510 3611
3.1 2.5 2.7 3.3 2.7 3.2 4.3 4.8 5.5
Source: Sambalpur Municipality
Figure 2.4 Showing the Ward Map of the city with Ward wise Population
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Figure 2.5 Ward Area Variation
Figure 2.6 Ward Population Variation
There is huge variation in the areas of different wards & in same manner the population in these wards also highly unbalanced , for example, lowest area 0.057 sqkm is in ward-11, whereas biggest one has 5.131 sqkm, for population point of view ward-3 has biggest with 8937 people, whereas ward-11 has lowest one with 3209 people. This heavy variation causes the problems for the development of urban areas and overall growth of city.
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Figure 2.7 Ward wise Population Density
Figure 2.8 Population Density Variation in Wards
Above map & graph shows very high variation in population Density, where ward-11 has very high density (56640 pers./sqkm), and ward-25 has very low density (804 pers./sqkm). This variation is creating high pressure of urban need in some area and at same time cause under-development of other area.
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Figure 2.9 Percentage Ward Population Over Total Population
Figure 2.10 Percentage Ward Population Over Total Population
The above graph and map indicates % ward population over total population where highest is of ward-3 with 5.5% & lowest in ward-11 with 2.1%.This skewed variation clearly suggest the needs in basic infrastructure services.
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2.6 Socio- Economic and Culture Heritage Characteristics

The literacy rate of the city, which is 79.09%, is less than the state literacy rate and the female literacy rate, which is 71.47%, is far less than the male literacy rate Figure 86.16%. The sex ratio of Sambalpur is 929 in 2001. Between 1991 and 2001, the ratio has recorded a continuous increase from 893 to 929. In the year 2001 it has reached 929, which is higher than the state urban average of 895 and national urban average of 901.
940 920 900 880 860 840 820 800 780 1971
Figure 2.11 Sex ratio of the city

Sex Ratio
1981
1991
2001
Year
Table 2.3 Decadal sex ratio

Population Sr. No. Year Total Male Female No of females per 1000 males
1 2 3 4 5
1,961 1,971 1,981 1,991 2,001
38,915 64,675 110,282 131,138 153,643
21,112 35,179 58,277 69,248 79,683
17,803 29,496 52,005 61,890 73,960
843 838 892 893 929
2.6.1 Key Socio Economic Features

A summary of key socio economic features are presented in the table below Table 2.4 Key socio-economic features
Particulars Orissa (Urban Area) City
Urban Sex Ratio (female per 1000 Male) Literacy Rate (Percent) Literacy Rate (Percent) Male Literacy Rate (Percent) Female Workers Participation Rate (Percent) Proportion of Main Workers to total workers (Percent)
895 88.63
929 79.09 86.16 71.47
34.29 89.8
38.02 91.92
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The total Workers in 2001 has slightly increased from 30.43% to 31.45% of which contribution of women has increased from 9.20% to 12.52%.
2.6.2 Details of Occupational Pattern

The percentage of main workers to the total workers has reduced from 97.43% to 91.92%. The percentage of male and female main workers to total male and female workers has also reduced from 99.47 to 94.38 and 85.23 to 81.53 respectively. The percentage of marginal workers to total workers has increased significantly from 2.56%to 8.07% in which the share of female marginal workers has increased by 4.30%. The percentage of non-workers among both males and females has decreased marginally which indicates that more and more women are entering the workforce.
Table 2.5 Showing workers participation in 1991 and 2001

S. N Category No. 1991 Percentage No. 2001 Percentage
Total Workers Male Female
39907 34213 5694 38885 34032 4853 1022 181 841 91231 35035 56196
30.43 49.40 9.20 97.43 99.47 85.23 2.56 .52 14.76 69.56 50.59 90.79
48332 39067 9265 44430 36876 7554 3902 2191 1711 105311 40616 64695
31.45 49.04 12.52 91.92 94.39 81.53 8.07 5.6 18.46 68.54 50.97 87.47
Main workers Male Female
Marginal Workers Male Female
Non workers Male Female
Source: District Statistical Hand Book Sambalpur 2005
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Table 2.6 Showing category wise workers participation in 1991 Nos. Cultivators Agriculture Labours Livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting and plantation and allied activities Mining and quarrying Manufacturing processing, servicing and repairs in Household industry Manufacturing processing, servicing and repairs in other than Household industry Construction Trade and commerce Transport storages and communication Other services 12,284 31.6 1,365 8,639 4,346 3.5 22.2 11.2 6,185 15.9 151 1,409 0.4 3.6 1,237 1,954 1,315 % to total main worker 3.2 5.0 3.4
From the data on the distribution of the main workers by occupation category it can be seen that a large proportion of main workers belong to the categories of other services (32%), trade and commerce (22%) and manufacturing other than household (16%). This indicates that the economy of the town is broad based and diversified.
2.6.3 Trade and Commerce

The town has many important institutions and Govt. buildings like Revenue Division, Collectorate, Dr. Parsuram Mishra Training College, Gangadhar Meher College, N.S.C.B. College, Women's College, Regional Office of SBI, Railway Division and many more Govt. & Non- Govt. offices. Besides these, Sambalpur University, VSS Medical College & Hospital, University College of Engineering and Head Offices of Mahanadi Coalfields ltd. & WESCO are located in the peripheral town of Burla. Similarly industries like Hindalco, HIW etc. are located in the peripheral town of Hirakud. Also it is a commercial city having many more banking organizations, both Govt. and Private to facilitate the people of Sambalpur town and the outsiders. A number of steel plants and other private companies are coming up in the district having head quarters at Sambalpur town. The trade and commerce of the city
d Book
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comprises of both organized and unorganized markets. Gole Bazar is an important commercial center for retail trade. Wholesale trade is carried out at Khetrajpur near the railway station.
2.6.4 Tourism Related Activities

The town is a center of cultural activities and tourist attraction due to the presence of Hirakud dam and Samaleswari temple. Sambalpur is the gateway to the western part of the Orissa. The city is famous for its dance, tribal culture and Sambalpuri sari and the city is getting momentum as tourist destination due to its closeness to many important tourist attractions. These include Huma Temple , Ghanteshwari , Usakothi and Deojharan. Sambalpur city has a number of standard hotels and two of them belong to the star category. There are a number of restaurants as well. From the table below it can be seen that there has been a gradual increase in inflow of domestic tourist in past three years and a decrease in foreign tourists. The tourist generally visits the city by train or bus. There is no air connectivity in the city. Hence there is a need to augment connectivity to the city. Table 2.7 Number of Tourist Inflow in past three years 2004
Domestic 133361 Foreign 329 Total 133690 Domestic 157477
2005
Foreign 255 Total 157732 Domestic 170048
2006
Foreign 264 Total 170312
Source: District Tourism office Sambalpur
2.6.5 Industrial Activity

Sambalpur Town has large rice mills, an oil Mill and a foundry besides there are a number of small-scale industries. Industrial Estate of city is located towards the northwest part of the town and an approach road connects it with National Highway No. 6. Sambalpur is likely to benefit from the emerging industrial areas at Jarsuguda, which is located at about 50 Km from the city. Jarsuguda has witnessed setting up of 10 to 12 steel plants in the last few years and is likely to grow further. Sambalpur town is likely to act as a residential hub to support it.
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2.6.6 Culture Heritage

Sambalpur derives its name from that of the Goddess Samaleswari; an incarnationn of Shakti, who is regarded as the reigning deity of the region. The place is famous for its globally renowned textile bounded patterns and fabrics; locally known as Baandha. In the past Sambalpur has been a great centre of diamond trade. Apart from textiles, Samabalpur has a rich tribal heritage and fabulous forestlands. Sambalpur and its cultural vicinity embody varied cultures and customs.
Dhanu Yatra is celebrated as a commemoration of Lord Krishnas visit to Mathura. It is a distinctive form of annual festivity, in which the small isolated Bargah town in Sambalpur
district of Orissa turns into a massive open-air theatre. The basic idea behind this festival is
to celebrate the victory of Lord Krishna over his autocrat uncle Kansa, who was a very cruel man. During the Dhanu yatra period, Bargah serves as the classic town Mathura, which is also the place where Lord Krishna took birth. River Jira turns into Yamuna and the village Amapalli, situated on the other bank of the river, serves as Gopa. At the time of this yatra, people attire in the style resembling that of the mythological period. It also witnesses different acts, based on the Puranic description, being performed by them. The origin of Dhanu yatra can be traced back to the times of British regime. The year 1999 witnessed the celebration of its golden jubilee. The yatra lasts for a period of seven to eleven days and falls on the the full-moon day of 'Pausa' i.e. 'Pausa Purnima'.
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CHAPTER 3.
3.1 Land Use
Land Use and Environment
3.1.1 Development Planning

The Orissa Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956 was extended over the Sambalpur Master Plan area in the year, 1984 U/S 32 of the Act, and the master plan area was extended in the year 1987 to Burla and Hirakud in the year 1997.
3.1.1 Master Plan/ Land Use Plan

Table 3.1 Showing Land use as per the master plan 1978 Land use as per the master plan 1978 Area Residential Zone Commercial Zone Industrial Zone Administrative,Institutional & Public Utilities a) Administrative b) Educational c) Health d) Religious&Cultural Open Space a) Park b) Play Ground c) Orchard Circulation a) Roads b) Railway Developed land Green Belt a) Agricultural Land& forest b) Water Bodies Master Plan Area
Source: Master plan Sambalpur
1027.64 194.29 129.80 3169.68 61.68 147.56 18.05 25.75 74.80 6.68 12.75 55.37 1022.52 702.75 319.77 2810.09 20831.07 19409.89 1421.18 23641.16
Percentage to total developed land 36.57 6.91 4.62 12.85 6.04 5.25 0.64 0.912 2.66 0.24 0.45 1.97 36.39 25.01 11.38 100.00
The present Master Plan of Sambalpur comprises of Sambalpur municipal area, Burla NAC, Hirakund NAC and adjoining 21 revenue villages having a total area of 23641.16 acres or 95.68 Sqm Kms.
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Table 3.2 Showing Land use as per the master plan 1978 Proposed Land use as per the master plan 1978 Area Residential Zone Commercial Zone Industrial Zone Administrative,Institutional & Public Utilities. Open Space Circulation Developed land Green Belt c) Agricultural Land& forest d) Water Bodies Master Plan Area
Source: Master plan Sambalpur
3634.36 391.10 495.87 568.35 605.65 1335.07 7030.70 16610.76 15382.82 1227.94 23641.16
Percentage to total developed land 51.70 5.56 7.05 8.09 8.61 18.99 100.00
Sambalpur is the largest city in the
3.1.2 Spatial Growth pattern

Figure 3.1 Showing the potential growth area
western Orissa and plays a key role in the tribal belt of Orissa. The presence of Hirakund dam, which is the largest/longest dam in the world Access to NH 6.
Sambalpur along with Hirakund

Hirakud & Bargarh
Area and Burla Area is said to

Jharsuguda Sundergarh &
have the potential to become Municipal future. Sambalpur is likely to benefit from the emerging industrial area at Jarsuguda, which is located at around 50 Km from Sambalpur. Jarsuguda has witnessed setting Corporation in the
Rairakhol &Angul ,Cuttack
up of 10 to 12 steel plants in the last few years and is likely to grow further. Sambalpur is likely to act as a residential hub to support it.
Source: Discussion with Stakeholders
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Key issues The future directions of growth are towards Jarsuguda, which is coming up with large industries, which will demand residential cultural and recreational facilities, which are not provided in the master plan on date. The present master plan is very old and obsolete due to which the city is growing haphazardly. Therefore there is uncontrolled development of mixed land use. There are violations in the regulations of the Master Plan The Land use distribution in the city is skewed up There is an increased demand of residential complexes and other amenities resulting in unplanned growth and the land prices are drastically increasing. Large numbers of slums have come up on the lands, which are not taken care of and have not been developed properly. Encroachment of public land and open spaces creates unhygienic conditions and reduced green space leading to deteriorating environmental conditions. There is good potential for tourism in the city and its vicinity but it is not paid due attention in the master plan. There is a need for incorporation of tourism development in the master plan. The Road development activities are not properly planned. Open space, parks and recreational areas are inadequate and are not properly organized in the city.
3.2 Urban Environment System: Overview

Due to the rapid growth of population and urbanization, environment of the city has got subjected to changes that could have adverse and irreparable effect on it. Any city planning without due importance given to the environment component is unlikely to be sustainable. Studies and researches conducted worldwide have revealed the undesirable implications that an unplanned and haphazard growth of a city could have on its environment. Furthermore, there is an inherent positive relationship between physical environment and human health. The major aspects of urban environment include surface water bodies, ground water, quality of water, urban forestry etc.
3.2.1 Ground Water
The quality of ground water is generally good as ground water is free from suspended impurities and the quality is generally reliable. The straining action of porous strata through which the water travels is responsible for improving their quality due to pollution by surface contamination and soaking of land drainage. Very often well water requires sterilization and
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even chemical treatment to remove dissolved gases and minerals. The water from both dug wells and tube wells is marginally polluted except in some places such as Deulbandh, Pathanpada, Bhati road and S.J. Hostel in the city.
3.2.2 Water Bodies
Ponds and other still water bodies are useful domestic sources for people residing in water scarcity areas. It is no different in Sambalpur town where residents depend upon such water bodies due to either inadequate or irregular access to potable water. These water bodies are used for variety of purposes including bathing and drinking. Thus still water bodies are valuable not only of aquatic creation but also for human beings. Deterioration of water bodies cause ecological imbalance as well as health hazards. These ponds may deteriorate in water quality due to several causes such as quick siltation, natural damage and rapid population growth in concerned area. Considering the above facts, samples were collected from most of the ponds in Sambalpur as well as Hirakund for testing quality with respect to various physical-chemical & biological parameters. The locations of ponds with their characteristics are mentioned in the table below.
3.2.2.1 Quality of Pond water It is observed that the parameters like BOD, Chloridehave high presence which suggest the deterioration of water quality in fresh water bodies. The PH values varied from 6.9 at Danibandh to 8.1 at Manikmunda (slightly alkaline) but remained within the stipulated limit of fresh water Ph i.e. 6.5-9.0(class-B). Here most of the pond contains high organic load and require more oxygen for its de-composition which is noticed through the values of BOD obtained. The range varied between 12.0- 40.0 mg/l which might be in most of the cases due to in-flow of sewage, domestic wastes and practice of open defecation. The total hardness as well as chloride indicated slightly higher values except for Deolbandha,Mathapali,Sarlakani and Kenghati. In short it may be stated that water quality of most of the ponds under observation does not fit either for drinking or bathing.
Key issues The quality of water bodies in the city is degrading rapidly. Most of the ponds are contaminated with the growth of weeds and plants The existing water bodies are reportedly heavily silted due to non-maintenance and require strengthening of embankments.
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Most of the ponds are not fit for drinking as well as bathing due to dumping of solid waste. Open Defecation is common practice in the ponds leading to unhealthy and unhygienic conditions.
Table 3.3 Location & Characteristics of Pond Sl.no.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 13. 14. 15.
Pond
Jurabandh Manikmunda Deulbandha Ramasagar Danibandh Sakhipara bandh Bhatara Khandual Bandh Beheramunda Mathapali Bandh Bareipali Katardhua Kenghati Bandh Sarlakani Bandh Pond at Hirakund
Location
Adjacent to Panitanki, Sambalpur Modipara Modipara Behind Taxi stand Danipalli sakhipara Bhatara Khandual village Inside beheramunda Mathapali Industrial estate Fatak Kenghati Sarlakani Hirakund
Characteristics of pond
Greenish colour, full of weeds, used for bathing, washing by the dwellers of Thelkopara and Modi para. Used for bathing, washing,ponds looks dirty & full of weeds Used for bathing, washing,ponds looks dirty & full of weeds Full of weeds and pale colour water. Sorruonded by walls and used mostly by slum dwellers for all purposes except drinking Dirty Greenish colour, full of weeds, Used for bathing, Full of weeds, used for bathing Clean water used for bathing , Washing & pisciculture. Dirty & full of weeds, used for bathing and washings etc. Dirty used for bathing and washings etc. Dirty, used for bathing and washings etc. Greenish colour, full of weeds, Used for bathing and pesciculture. Used for bathing, Washing by local people. Provided barricade Greenish in colour and full of weeds.Used for Bathing and washing Greenish in colour and full of weeds.Used for Bathing and washing Greenish in colour used for Bathing and washing.
Source: Orissa State Pollution control board
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CHAPTER 4.
Urban Management and Governance
4.1 City Management The city administration is vested with the Sambalpur Municipality. Sambalpur is functioning as a full-fledged Municipality with a jurisdiction of 33.66 square kilometers. It has a total population of 1,53,643 persons (as per 2001 census). Sambalpur Municipality is governed by the Orissa Municipality Act, 1950. Sambalpur Municipality came into being in 19 83 with an elected Chair Person and councilors. Development Authority (SDA) was constituted to regulate and monitor the development of the city. SDA functions under the Orissa Development Authorities Act. SDA undertakes the preparation of the development plans, zonal plans and regulates development in its area including building plans.
Table 4.1 State agency /agencies involved in planning of urban development and delivery of infrastructure services Sector Agency Planning
Land use State/ Development improvement District Department Town Planning Development Town Department Traffic Water and supply Government in transport department Public health engineering organization and Orissa water Solid Waste Orissa Energy Agency
undertaking
Agency undertaking delivery of services
Role ULB
ULB associated
of
District Authority/ trust and planning Authority/ planning
District
Development
is
management
Authority/District Town planning Authority and improvement trust Functionaries and Home of Planning department of
ULB associated
is
Development Authority authorities in district
Not associated Not associated
transportation and sewerage
state government Functionaries PHE and organization ULB Concerned under OWS&SB
supply
and
sewerage board Renewable development Associated Management
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Source: Various departments and agencies
4.1.1 Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions
Table 4.1 Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions Names of Institution Sambalpur Municipality Sambalpur Development Authority S DA Governing Institutions Orissa Municipal Act 1950 Orissa Development Authorities Act, 1982
Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Section 67 of OWSSB 1991 Board Public Health and Engineering Formed by Government of Orissa Section 4 of the (water prevention and control of pollution) amendment act 1975
Organisation Orissa Pollution Control Board
Orissa Municipal Act The Orissa Municipal Act, 1950 (OMA) governs all types of urban local bodies. Some of the salient features of the Act are Under this law the elected council has all executive and financial powers in comparision with the Zillsa Parishad, Panchayat Samiti, and Gram Panchayat, where executive functions and responsibilities rest largely with the officials, under the OMA, the entire responsibility rests with the elected people. Following the amendment of the Constitution, the power of supercession of Municipal Councils has been done away with in the OMA. The State Government is pursuing series of amendments to the Act so that the powers of the State Government relating to conduct of elections are transferred to the constitutional body, the State Election Commission. The earlier practice of the State Government approving the Holding Tax rates is being dispensed with. This will result in decentralization of decision making, restore the legitimate rights of ULBs, and make available an elastic source of revenue to them.
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Town Planning Act The Salient features are : Extension of the Orissa Town Planning Act over the identified areas. Conducting detailed physical and socio-economic surveys, analyzing the data collected, drawing conclusions, assessing the gaps and forecasting the future requirements. Preparing the draft master plan. Constitution of Planning Authorities. There can be three types of Planning Authorities, namely the local body having jurisdiction over the area or an Improvement Trust or a Special Planning Authority. Publication of the draft master plans by the Planning Authority, inviting objections and suggestions from the public. Finalization of the master plans by the Directorate of Town Planning in the light of the suggestions received. Approval of the master plan by the Competent Authority. Enforcement of the provisions of the master plan and zoning regulations by the Planning Authority by way of issuing permissions for constructions of buildings. Implementation of the provisions of the master plan by the Planning Authority by way of execution of a series of schemes and projects.
Orissa Development Authority Act Extension of the provisions of the Act over the identified area and declaring such area as a development area. Constitution of Development Authority. Preparation of interim, comprehensive and zonal development plans. Publication of development plans for inviting objections and suggestions. Finalizing the development plan in the light of objections and suggestions. Approval of the development plan by the State Government. Enforcement of the provisions of the development plan, zoning regulations and planning and building standards by the Development Authorities by way of issuing permissions for construction of buildings. Preparation and implementation of development schemes. Preparation and implementation of town planning scheme (Land Pooling Scheme) implementation.
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Urban land (ceiling and regulation) repeal act, 1999 The Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Repeal Act, 1999 has been adopted in the State. The Urban Land (ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 of Government of India came into force in the state of Orissa w.e.f 17.02.1976 and was applicable to only Cuttack Urban Agglomeration as the population of the said agglomeration was more than one lakh at that time.
36
Table 4.2 Institutional framework and role of urban local body in different sectors
Sl. No 1 Name of the Institution Sambalpur Development Authority Responsibilities and Functions Sambalpur Development Authority SDA was constituted under Orissa Development Authorities Act, 1982. Preparation and implementation of Area Development plans and projects for ensuring scientific land use pattern. Working as coordinating agency between various Government Departments and other agencies involved in development activities. Development of land by acquisition for various purposes in suitable locations based on an assessment of future needs, control of land subdivision and reconstruction of plots wherever necessary. Determining the phasing development. Responsible for Construction and maintenance of city water supply, sanitary, sewerage installation owned by the GoO. Also responsible for planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance of water supply system and management of wastewater schemes including their transportation and distribution. Apart from above, the PHEO is also responsible for construction and maintenance of external and internal water supply, sewerage and sanitary installation for state government buildings (both residential and non residential) in the city. Remarks (Intended roles as per 74th CAA) All functions pertaining to Master plan and development plan Preparation, preparation of development schemes and its implementation, all city Planning functions development controls and building sanctions with in the SM limits, to be dealt by SM as per the 74th CAA. SDA should be abolished and functions other than above should be transferred to the Directorate of Town Planning.
Public Health Engineering Organisation (PHEO), GoO
All functions pertaining to Designing and Construction, operation and maintenance of water supply system and management of wastewater schemes including their transportation and distribution within SM the limits to be dealt by SM per the 74th CAA The PHEO can continue to deliver it assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the SM.
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Works Department (R&B Division), GoO
Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWSSB), GoO State Pollution Control Board, Orissa
Responsible for construction, repair and maintenance of buildings, roads, bridges and other related structures financed from the state and capital budget allocations of the GoO. All major arterial roads in the city are under the control of the WD. Also responsible for ensuring that no encroachment or structure, whether temporary or permanent is erected on the land and property under the control of WD. It is also responsible for removal of such encroachments as per the GoO rules. Maintaining a register of land, buildings and properties belonging to the GoO and under the administration of WD. Responsible for construction and maintenance of major storm water drains (10 nos.) within SM limits. Responsible for pollution control and environmental protection. Deal with environmental monitoring and pollution control in the state Also undertakes environmental planning studies for the entire State Advises the GoO on matters pertaining to urban planning
All functions pertaining to construction, repair and maintenance of all major arterial roads, city roads, bridges and other related road infrastructure within the SM limits to be dealt by the SM as per the 74th CAA. The Works Department can continue to deliver its assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the SM.
As per the 74th CAA, the SM, at its own discretion, can decide to hire the services for the works within the BM limits. This institution should continue to act as a monitoring agency for environmental aspects of the city
Responsible for planning and establishment of industries in the State. Also, responsible for development of industrial estates and industrial areas, creation of industrial infrastructure and amenities there in. 8 Orissa Tourism Responsible for identification Development and development of tourist Corporation interest site, publicity and State Tourism development of infrastructure Department, for tourism in form of lodging GoO and boarding, transportation facilities. Arrangement of different tourism packages Administrative Staff College of India covering different tourist sites.
Directorate of Town Planning, GoO Industries Department, GoO Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation of Orissa (IIDCO)
This Department should provide advisory services on matters pertaining to urban planning. These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the SM.
These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the SM
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Forest (City Afforestation) Social Forestry
Responsible for development and maintenance of greenbelts roadside plantation development of parks and social forestry.
10
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), GoI State Archaeological Department, GoO
Responsible for identification, protection and preservation of ancient monuments of national and state importance
All functions within the SM limits to be dealt by the SM as per the 74th CAA. These agencies can continue to deliver its assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the SM These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the SM.
Presently the Public Health Engineering Organisation is the service provider and plans, executes, operates and maintains the Urban Water Supply and Sewerage System of the State. The Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board execute major / mega water supply and sewerage projects and after completion, hands over the projects to Public Health Engineering Organisation for operation and maintenance. The Public Health Engineering Organization has a committed work force of 7742 persons consisting of 323 Engineering Personnel, 807 Ministerial Staffs assisting day to day office administration, 3304 wages staff and 3308 Temporary Field Staff.
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Figure 4.1 Showing the organization structure of PHEO Chief Engineer
M&P Cuttack
Design Circle, Bhubaneswar Sambalpur Cuttack-I Cuttack-II Baripada
Circle Berhampur
Circle
Circle
Bhubaneswar-I Bhubaneswar-II Bhubaneswar-III Puri
Sambalpur Bolangir Rourkela
Berhampur Bhanjanagar Koraput
Source: PHEO, Sambalpur
As shown in the above figure, PHEO is headed by the Chief Engineer who is eventually responsible for overall planning, design, monitoring & execution, O & M of urban water supply & sewerage systems in Orissa State. The Chief Engineer reports directly to the Principal Secretary of the State Government. The M & P unit of PHEO is in charge of planning, design and monitoring of urban water supply & sewerage system, preparation of action plans, budgeting, procurement of materials, bidding, monitoring of the ongoing water supply & sewerage systems, etc. The Design unit carries out design works relating to urban water supply & sewerage systems and municipal works in Orissa State. There are also 4 circles covering 13 field division including 4 in Circle Bhubaneswar and 3 in Circle Cuttack, 53 sub-divisions and 198 section officers responsible for O & M and execution of water supply & sewerage systems throughout the state.
4.2 Performance of 12th Schedule Functions Municipal Corporation
Table 4.3 Performance of 12th Schedule Functions Municipal Corporation S. No. 1 2 3 Urban Planning including Town planning a) Regulation of Land-use b) Regulation of building activity. a) Planning economic development
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Function
Wholly
Partly
Never
b) Planning social development. 4 a) Roads b) Bridges. Water supply5 a) Industrial, b) Commercial c) Domestic a) Public health, 6 b) Sanitation, c) Conservancy d) solid waste management 7 8 Fire services a) Urban forestry, b) Protection of environment c) Promotion of ecological aspects. Safeguarding the interests of 9 a) Weaker sections, b) Physically handicapped c) Mentally retarded. 10 11 12 Slum improvement and up-gradation. Urban poverty alleviation. Provision of urban amenities a) Parks, b) Gardens, c) Playgrounds and others Promotion of 13 14 a) Education, b) Aesthetics and others a) Burial grounds, b) Cremations grounds c) Electric crematoria 15 16 a) Cattle ponds b) Prevention of cruelty to animals. a) Vital statistics, b) Registration of births and deaths. a) Public amenities 17 b) Street lighting, c) Parking lots, d) Bus shelters,

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e) Public conveniences and others 18 Regulation of a) Slaughterhouses b) Tanneries.

Source: UIDSSMT, Sambalpur
4.3 City level Reforms
Table 4.4 City level Reforms S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Initiative Computerization of Municipal Records Asset Management and valuation certificates fees Birth and Death certificates-Spot issue No introduced Expenditure control Updating of accounts and audit System Capacity Building of Municipal Functionaries No and Elected Representatives Study of Comprehensive storm water No No No drainage system Sewerage Master Plan Preparation Strengthening of Town Planning with GIS collection equipment Establishment of Quality control Laboratory Face to face integration with through City cable Network Weekly Review of Staff meetings No No Citizens No Yes Computerization and Modernization of office Partially No No Impact
Rationalization of Fees structure for mutation No
Procurement of Mechanized solid waste No
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4.4 Functions of Sambalpur Municipality Sambalpur Municipality constitutes of 29 wards and discharges various obligatory and discretionary functions as per the provisions of the OM Act, 1950 and provides various specified civic services/infrastructure facilities to citizens of the city. Following are the main obligatory and discretionary functions of Sambalpur Municipality: Conservancy services and solid waste management; Birth and death registration; Prevention of food adulteration; Preventive health care; Construction and maintenance of roads, drains and markets; Storm water drainage; Parks & plantation; Slum improvement and urban community development; and Street lighting and removal of encroachments. Poverty alleviation (BPL families, distribution of disability pension, Annapurna card, SJSRY )
4.4.1 Organizational Structure of Sambalpur Municipality As per the provisions of the OM Act, 1950 the apex body is the General Body of Sambalpur Municipality headed by the honorable Chair Person. The Act provides for State Election Commission to conduct and monitor election to the Municipality. The Act also empowers the elected persons by assigning the functions of the Municipality. The Act provides for four authorities in a Municipality as indicated below: Municipality; Chair Person; Council Committees; and Executive Officer.
The organizational setup of Sambalpur Municipality comprises of a political wing and an executive wing. The political wing is an elected body of corporators from different wards in the city and is headed by the honorable Chair Person. The executive wing, headed by Municipal Executive Officer looks after the day to day functioning of Sambalpur Municipality and supports the political wing in the decision-making process.
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Political wing: The General Body headed by the honorable Chair Person consists of 8 Council Committees, dealing respectively with: Public Health, Hospital & Dispensary Committee Public Works Committee Finance Committee Education Committee Any other special subject relating to purpose of the Act.
Administrative wing: Under the Municipal Executive Officer, the wing is assisted by a Additional Executive Officer, Municipal Engineers, Health officer.
Figure 4.1 The organization structure political wing of Municipality
CHAIRPERSON
VICE-CHAIRMAN
COUNCILLORS Men (Unreserved) 10 Women (Unreserved) 4 Men (OBC) 5 Women (OBC) 3 Men (SC) 2 Women (SC) 2 Men (SC)-2 Women (ST) 1
STATUTORY MEMBERS
M.P., Sambalpur MLA, Sambalpur MLA, Kuchinda Nominee of State Govt.
44
Figure 4.3 The organization structure of Municipality
SAMBALPUR MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
HEALTH OFFICER
MUNICIPAL ENGINEER
WORKERS, SAMPLE COLLECTORS AND TECHNICIANS
ASST.ENGINEER
TESTING OF WATER SAMPLES, ADDING REQUIRED CHEMICALS AND BIOMASS FOR PURIFICATION AND UPGRADATION OF WATER QUALITY, CLEANING FLOATING OBJECTS
JUNIOR ENGINEERS.
WORK SARKARS
EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT THROUGH AGENCIES/CONTRACTORS
ROAD COOLIE LABOUR
CIVIL MAINTENANCE WORKS
4.4.2 Employee Strength of Sambalpur Municipality The Municipality has 713 employees. The employees can be classified as regular employees consisting of LFS and NLFS staff and temporary employees consisting of Daily Labor Roaster (DLR) staff.
Table 4.5 Classification of Employees of Sambalpur Municipality
Classification of Posts Deputation Regular DLR & NMR Regular NMR TOTAL
Total 4 155 123 131 300 713
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4.4.3 Profile of various Sections
4.4.3.1 Accounts Section
Accounts section controls the fund utilization sanctioned from various funding agencies to the Municipality. The Accounts section prepares annual budget of the Municipality and controls financial expenditure on various activities. It keeps a constant watch over the progress of expenditure as an important step towards financial and budgetary control. The various activities carried out under Account Section are as follows: 1. Maintenance of Account 2. Preparation of Annual Budget; 3. Preparation of Salary Bill of staff; 4. Maintenance of record of GPF of Regular Staffs. 5. Maintenance of Pension Records.
4.4.3.2 Cash Section
This section records all types of cash received by the Municipality and records the transfer of fund from Accountants cash book and records the payment of salary and pension by the Municipality.
4.4.3.4 Establishment Section
The major functions of Establishment section are as follows: Fixation of Pay Issue of Periodical Increment Certificates Deputation, resignation & retention/termination, transfer of employees. Maintenance of leave account, service records, personal files & service books. Grant of Festival Advance and GPF Advance to the members of the Municipality. Payment of Medical Allowance of Rs.500 p.a. to Regular Employees Except DLR Adoption of various financial & administrative orders issued by the state government from time to time.
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4.4.3.5 Law Section Sambalpur Municipality has kept Legal retainers at courts, who have the legal right to practice in the court of Justice. They give legal advice to the Executive Officer or Chair Person in court matters. In the absence of any law officer, the dealing assistant in the section seek advice from the Legal Retainers at his own discretion. The legal retainers are paid as per their actual bills for consultancy or court hearings. The councils approve the lawyers appointed to represent the municipality.
4.4.3.6 UBS Section
This section is responsible for the providing Urban Basic Services to the urban poor living in slum areas. The section is responsible for implementation of Urban Self Employment Programme, assistance to Community Structure, formation of thrift and credit Society, Urban Wage employment Programme and Infrastructure Support.
4.4.3.7 Vehicle Section
This section deals with the supply of vehicles to the Municipality for conservancy, solid waste management, and sanitary or official purposes. The Municipality owns most of the heavy vehicles used in its work. Fuel for the vehicles is
filled from private filling stations. After the approval of municipal Executive Officer the fuel bill is entertained. The vehicles, which are hired on rental basis, are used for official purposes and for sanitary work. The agreement is made between the owner of the vehicle and Sambalpur Municipality. Municipal Executive Officer is the supreme authority to approve the contract. Presently Sambalpur Municipality is bearing all the fuel expenses of own and hired vehicle.
4.4.3.8 Works Section The Works department of the Municipality is called the Works section. The Municipal Engineer heads Works Section.
The Works Section is mainly concerned with the following works:
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1. Preparation of estimates of new works and also for the repair and maintenance of existing assets, civil buildings, roads, bridges, embankments, drains etc; 2. Invitation of tenders and appointment of contractors in concurrence with the Council Committee of Contracts; 3. Execution of works; 4. Measurements on works executed under contracts; and 5. Completion report (Certificates and Plans). Step I: Selection of work to be taken: Works are identified based on the request put through the following sources: As a public representative, Corporators put forth their requisition During general inspection by Asst. Engineer and Junior Engineer.
Step II: Preparation of Plans and estimates: After administrative approval, detailed plans and estimates are prepared along with indicative rates for each and every project by the Works section under the supervision of Municipal Engineer.
Step III: Technical Sanction: Based on the detailed estimate, technical sanctioning is done for the work to be taken up by the Municipal Engineer. For funds management, the projects are identified and classified into scale and categories.
Step IV: Administrative Approval: Based on the total identified works, a listing of project is done on priority basis each year. The list of works is then sent to the Council Committee for any recommendation and then sent to the Executive Officer for Administrative Approval. Step V: Tendering: The work to be taken up is put to tender. The tender documents include: 1. Notice inviting tender; 2. Set of conditions to comply with by the person whose tender may be accepted, like VAT clearance, EPF clearance, Labour license, PAN card Xerox, Contract license.
Step VI: Approval: The tender is sent for approval and then for Executive Officer approval, and the agreement is made with the successful bidder and the work order is granted to him.
48
Step VII: Inspection of Works: The Municipal Engineer is the Inspector of Local Works. He has the authority to report to the Executive Officer any deviance from the original specifications found during inspection to take necessary actions against the contractor.
4.4.3.9 Health Section
The main function of this section is given below 1. Prevention of food adulteration, checking of food samples. 2. Issue of Birth & Death Certificate. 3. Sanitation 4. Taking care of public health, i.e. in case of diarrhea, disinfection. Medicines are also given to the city people.
4.4.3.10 Stores Section There are three type of stores that are available in the Municipality Council & Record Section Health Store Engineering Store
4.4.3.11 Primary Education Section: There are 32 no of Primary Schools under Sambalpur Municipality but these have been transfer to State Govt. The Municipality is still preparing the salary bill of 155 teachers working in these schools. The Municipality is also maintaining the Personal File and GPF loan registers of the teachers. The Municipality is not paying for the teachers from its funds but is only preparing the salary bill of the teachers and sending it to the Govt. treasury for payment.
4.4.3.12 Light Section This section deals with the erecting, repair, replacement and maintenance of all the street lights within the ambit of Sambalpur Municipality.
49
Key Issues There is a Lack of coordination between the Sambalpur Development Authority and Municipality. The Sambalpur Development Authority and Municipality have less number of employees Most of the Reforms like E-Sewa, Water harvesting, asset Management have not yet being started.
50
CHAPTER 5.
5.1 Water Supply
Since 1961, the source of potable water to the town has been the surface water through power pumps. Prior to 1961 there was no planned or systematic water supply arrangement to the city. The first water supply scheme was prepared during 1961 for a prospective population of 60000 with river Mahanadi as the source. There after, a number of water supply improvement/ augmentation schemes for the town have been
Municipal Infrastructure
implemented to meet the growing need of the town due to increase in population and also due to inclusion of more and more adjoining rural areas.
5.1.1 Water Supply Sources

The water supply of Sambalpur town is primarily depending upon the surface water and limited amount of water is drawn from the ground water sources. As shown in the table below there are two major surface water sources i.e. Hirakund Dam Reservoir and River Mahanadi 23 MLD of water is drawn from Hirakund Dam Reservoir and 2.75 MLD is drawn from the River Mahanadi. There are two Bore wells in the city which supply 0.25 MLD of water.
Table 5.1 Source of Water supply in Sambalpur Sources 1.Hirakund Dam Reservior 2.Maha nadi River 3. Production of Wells. i. Remed ii. Gopal Palli Total
Source:PHEO,Sambalpur
Designed capacity(MLD) 23 MLD 2.75 MLD .25 MLD
Distance In Km. 11.5 With in the city With in the city
26 MLD
There are 3-treatment plant for the city and its urban agglomeration. 1. Treatment Plant 1 at Hirakund Dam Reservoir of 9 MLD capacity 2. Treatment Plant 2 at Madhi Para on river Mahanadi 2.25 MGD
51
3. Treatment plant 3 at bareipalli Chouk of 40MLD The water is being purified through Rapid Gravity Filter and Disinfections system using chlorine gas and bleaching powder. The water from treatment plant 1 is distributed in Hirakund NCA and the area surrounding the treatment plant. The water from T.P-2 is pumped to U.G.R of 3 lacks gallon capacity and from there it is pumped to 2 O.H.T. with a capacity of 1.5 lacks gallon each and from the O.H.T. the water is distributed to the surrounding areas of the plant. this T.P is the oldest Plant among the three. Treatment plant-3 transmits 5MLD to Buddha raja hill, 1MLD to Brocks Hill and 2 MLD to Circuit House. From where the distribution to the city takes place by the gravity as these points are the highest points in the town.
5.1.2. Deficit in Water Supply for Different Horizon

The table below clearly shows that inspite of increase in population by two folds by year 2024 there will be surplus amount of water available for the city. As there are Treatment plant of total capacity of around 52 ML it is said that there will be adequate water available for the growing Sambalpur city.
Table 5.2 Availability of Water supply in Sambalpur Year Projected Population (in Lakhs) 169848 208560 242580 308926 Water Demand (in MLD) 22.92 28.16 32.75 41.70 Water Availability (in MLD)
2006 2011 2016 2024

24 63 63 63
5.1.2. Service Reservoir/Storage and Distribution System

There are 6 GSR and 2 ESR with total capacity of 6.77ML and 1.14ML respectively. The distribution of the water is done by direct pumping and through gravity from three points Buddha raja hill, Brooks hill, and Over Head Tanks at Madhi Para. The present distribution system having pipeline of 111.96 Km
5.1.3. System Coverage

At present only 7 out of 29 wards are fully covered with piped supply, 20 wards are partially covered and 2 wards have no piped water supply. About 80 % of the city is covered with a per capita supply of 135 LPCD. The supply is intermittent with 3 to 4 hours a day. The
52
average water produced is 24 MLD. There are 824 PSPs and about 80% of the population is covered by these stand posts. The city has only 5% of metered connections. The table below shows that 85% of the total connections are domestic and about 10% are stand posts which is very high. For efficient water supply, to maintain equitable pressure in the mains and to reduce NRW there should be minimum stand posts.
Table 5.3 Connection percent in different categories Category Domestic Commercial Institutional Industrial Parks etc No. of Stand Posts Total
Connections 6914 146 145 10 19 824 8058
% to Total 85.80 1.81 1.79 0.12 0.23 10.22 100
5.1.4Tariff Structure Water Supply

The tariff structure for the domestic connections is on a flat rate basis of Rs 48 for 2 taps and Rs16.50 for additional taps. The tariff structure for apartments is Rs. 2.67 and commercial as well as industrial connection is 8.47 Rs/KL respectively. The table below presents the details. Table 5.4 Tariff Structure Water Supply Category Domestic Apartments Commercial Industrial
Flat Rate (per month) 48 (2taps) each addl. Tap : Rs 16.50
Tariff (in Rs/KL)
2.67 8.40 8.40
As explained in the table below the connection cost for domestic connection is Rs 3000 and for commercial and Industrial it is Rs 6000 per connection where as in case of apartments, the connections for individual units in apartments up to 25 units, 50 units and above 50 units the cost is Rs 1000, Rs 2000 and Rs 3000 respectively. Table 5.5 Connection Costs for Water Supply
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Catogary Domestic Commercial Industrial Others (Apartments) up to 25 -26 to 50- 51 and above
Cost per connection 3000 6000 6000 1000,2000,3000(per individual unit)
Quality of Water
The quality of water is good at present with the water is being purified through rapid gravity filter and disinfections system using chlorine gas and bleaching powder.
5.1.5 Performance Indicators

Table 5.6 Performance indicators for Water Supply
Source: PHEO,Sambalpur
54
Indicators Total Population Total Number of Households HSCs (House Service Connections) Network Coverage (%) Access to Piped Supply (%) Per Capita Supply (lpcd) Hours of Supply (hrs/day) Unserved area Non-revenue Water (%) Avg. vol. of water produced % Metered connections No. Of PSPs Hand Pumps Tankers Pop. Covered by PSP (%) O&M Recovery Basis of Billing: Residential Flat Rate/ Meter Commercial Flat Rate/ Meter Industrial Flat Rate/ Meter Mode of Manual Payment e- seva Spot Billing Private Sector Involvement: Yes / No Computerization of billing: Yes/ No Management Information System (Yes/No)
Municipality 154164 22000 6914 80% 80% 135 3 hrs 20% 45% 24MLD 5% 824 494 5 80% 33% Both Meter Meter yes no no No No No
Bench
100% 100% 100% 150 24x7 0 0% 100% 0 0 0%
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Non-Revenue Water
The non-revenue water is estimated to be more than 45% of the total quantum of water supplied everyday. This is due to the fact that most of the connections are un-metered and there are leakages in the system especially at the household levels and there are no bulk flow meters to keep track of the system losses. Besides these there are also water losses due to lack of proper management of stand posts.
5.1.6 Finances and Cost Recovery

As shown in the table below the present O& M cost of recovery is only 33 %. In 2005 the state government has revised the water tariff for commercial, institutional and industrial consumers with a view to reduce the gap between expenditure and revenue receipt.
Table 5.7 Annual O&M costs and revenue collection for Water Supply
55
S No. 1 2 3 4 5
Year 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06
Annual O&M costs (Rs. lakh) 72.68 115.34 149.35 141.90 164.95
Revenue collected (Rs. lakh) 28.95 37.24 65.70 48.48 61.99
Source: PHEO,Sambalpur
Key Issues
There is intermittent supply of water just for 3 5 hours, which encourages the storage of water. Throwing of excess water to store fresh water on the next day leading to wastage.
There is no 100% coverage of piped water supply in the city and some of the wards do not have even partial coverage. The Storage capacity of the water is not adequate in the city due to which direct pumping is done leading to increased power consumption. There are large no of public stand posts, which is a barrier in continuous water supply and encourage the NRW. Significant volume of NRW is identified as a serious threat to the sustainable water supply system. It is observed that the NRW in the system is due to the following factors -
o o
Illegal connections System leakage from faulty interconnections, pipe joints, damaged pipelines and appurtenances Low collection efficiency in the case of monthly charges.
o areas.
Illegal tapping in distribution mains resulting in low residual pressure at tail-end Extension of existing pipelines to serve higher number of connections with out adequate hydraulic assessment. The tariff is very low which is not able to meet the O&M cost. There is no comprehensive master plan of water supply distribution system at present. There is no asset management and data management system. There is no use of latest technology like MIS or GIS.
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5.2 Sewerage System

For 17 MLD of sewage generated in town there is no sewerage and treatment system. There is no water carriage sewer system for the collection and disposal of domestic sewerage except in few institutional campuses. 30% of the people depend on the leaching pit system of latrines, 28%of the people have adopted septic tank and majority of households have connected directly to public sullage drains. A few slum households have access to public toilets and the remaining practice open defecation. Non-existent of full-fledged treatment and disposal system for the town is posing a great threat to the public health. At present the supply of water to the city is around 32.87 million litres per day. As per estimates about 80% of this water finds its way into the storm water drains every day. This waste water is left into the natural valleys, which ultimately flow into the Mahanadi river, thereby polluting the river and valleys heavily. Thus it is a potential environmental hazard.
5.2.1. Tariff Structure sewerage

Only 5% of the total population of the town is covered by sewerage system the current tariff of collection of sewerage for domestic, Institutional, commercial and industrial is Rs 20 per month per connection .The connection charge for the sewerage for domestic, institutional, Commercial and industrial is Rs 1500, Rs 2000, Rs 2500 and Rs 2500 respectively.
5.2.2 Sewerage Performance Indicators

As shown by the table below the sewerage system is lagging behind in most of the aspect, which need immediate attention to over come the existing Situation. Table 5.8 Sewerage Performance indicators
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S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
.
Indicator Total Population No. Of Houses connected Total quantity generated Network Coverage (%) Access to UGD % waste treated Treatment and disposal % Recycle and reuse %
Municipality 154164 5% 17 Mld 5% Nil Nil Nil Nil
Benchmark 100%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Source: OWS&SB
Key Issues There is no proper sewerage system in the town and there is no master plan for sewerage and sanitation in the city. There is no sewerage treatment plant. There is no comprehensive master plan of sewerage system There is wide spread practice of open defecation creating unhygienic conditions and health problems. The sewage is drained out in the open drains ultimately which goes in the natural drain, open spaces and water bodies leading to contamination. There are no awareness campaigns run by the municipality for the slum dwellers. Population residing in slums are facing unbearable unhygienic conditions.
5.3. Sanitation
The sanitation situation is below average in the city. About 58% of the city population has individual toilets. The extent of open defecation is up to 36%, which causes unhygienic conditions in the city. There are only 11 public toilets in the city and the situation in the slums is worst as there are no proper drains, limited individuals toilets only 12 community toilets. The table below shows the access to sanitation facilities
Table 5.9 Showing the Access to Sanitation Facilities S.No. 1 2 Indicator Total Population/HHs Access to individual toilets % Municipal Corporation 154164 58%
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3 4 5 6
No. Of Community Toilets (in Slums)-municipal Access to community toilets for poor % No. Of Public Toilets-others Extent of Open Defecation
12 6% 11 36%
Key Issues Nothing has been thought for the sanitation of the city which is in a very poor condition. There are only 12 public toilets in the city due to which most of the population practices open defecation resulting in unhygienic conditions. There is no 100% coverage of drains in the city and most of them are kucha and open, which leads to over flow of the drains resulting in unhygienic conditions. Having the individual toilets and soak pit is a common practice in the city not all households have such facilities and others practice the open defecation which leads ground water pollution and environmental degradation.
5.4 Storm Water Drainage system

The Sambalpur Town is partially covered by the storm water drainage and if there are any drains they are choked with solid waste and debris which is evident in the photographs below .The town has one natural drain which is the major Drain for the storm water to let out of the city. The city has three hill hocks so water rush down from these hills and because there is less impervious area due to urbanisation water finds its way to the only natural drain Dhobi jore nallah. Due to encroachment and deposition of solid waste the Nallah is Choked causing flood in the city.
Key Issues Comprehensive storm water system is not present in the city. Natural storm water drains are presently acting as the conveyance channels for the untreated sewage.
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The condition of the drains presently is not up to the mark. Majority of the drains are chocked due to the dumping of the solid waste Due to improper drainage system and impermissible surface the storm water finds its way to Dhobi jore nallah, which is the major natural drain. The Dhobi jore nallah is choked due to encroachment of slum dwellers and growing weeds and plants so the city is prone to flooding and water logging. At the time of monsoon the nallah encounters high discharge rate, which cause safety hazard to the citizens because it is not fenced properly. Desiltation of dhobi jore nallah is not done frequently There is a need of integrated master plan for the storm water drainage. It is also important to conduct awareness programs at the city level to cover all classes of the residents to highlight the function of storm water drains, prevention of encroachment of the storm water drain areas, prevention of dumping of solid waste and discharge of sewage/sullage from households and other related issues.
5.5. Solid Waste Management (SWM)

The Health Department of Municipality is responsible for collection and transportation of solid waste generated in Sambalpur municipal area. For operational purposes the entire area is divided in to 29 solid waste wards. A Sanitary inspector heads the wards. The primary collection in the Sambalpur municipal is carried out through open collection points, secondary collection & transportation through tractors & trucks. The total waste generated in Sambalpur municipal area as per the local authorities assessment is around 60 tons/day. The collection efficiencies in the Sambalpur municipal area is observed to be fluctuating between 50-60 percent. Following table shows the performance indicators for SWM. Table 5.10 Performance indicator for SWM
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S.No.
Indicator Total waste generated (tons/day) Per capita waste generated (kg/day) Collection of waste (tons/day) No. of dustbins (--- cum capacity) Average spacing of dustbins No. of vehicles Frequency of collection (trips/day) No. Of landfill sites Distance of disposal point (km) No. Of sweepers (Municipal /private) Collection efficiency % Door to door collection % Source segregation % Treatment and disposal % O & M Recovery Private sector participation
City 60 .390 35 180 1.5 244 2-3 nil 10km 521 50-60 60 nil nil Negligible nil
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1.5 2-3
100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Fully
5.5.1. Collection, Storage, Transportation and Disposal

5.5.1.1 Waste Generation in the City The primary sources of solid waste generation in the municipality are the local households, markets and commercial establishments such as hotels, restaurants, shops etc. Street Sweeping is addresses a total road length of 560.07 km. The major contributors of solid waste after households and street sweeping are commercial establishments. The contribution from informal sector is also significant in this category. According to local authorities the commercial establishments compromise of wholesale and retail shops, general shops, pan shops, food products, bakeries, dairies, medical shops, saloons, and tea stalls, etc Hotels, messes, theatres and marriage halls are considered as bulk waste generators under commercial establishments category due to their solid waste generation rates and characteristics. Table 5.11 Showing Total Waste Generated in Sambalpur Municipal Area
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Description Solid Waste Generated, tons/day Solid Waste collected, tons/day Collection Efficiency, % Percapita Generation, gm/day
SM Area 60 30-35 50-60 0.39
5.5.1.2 Composition of Municipal solid Waste Waste contributed by the markets is organic in nature and is one of the major sources of solid waste generated. The composition is MSW is shown in the figure below. Organic waste constitutes 49% of the total waste generated in the city. Figure 5.1 Showing Total Waste Generated in Municipal Area
Composition of MSW
Organic Matter 49% cunstruction Waste Inert Material Rags and Cloths Plastic 6% Paper 9% Metal 0% Glass & Ceramics cunstruction Waste 24% Metal Paper Plastic Inert Material 9% Glass & Ceramics 2% Rags and Cloths 1% Organic Matter
5.5.1.3 Solid Waste Collection The whole city is divided in to 29 sanitary wards for the purpose of Solid waste Management,. Sanitary Inspector heads the ward .The conservancy staff strength is 521. The collection and transportation of solid waste is carried out in one shift. The shift starts at around 6.00 AM early in the morning, the conservancy workers sweep the street, clean the drains and collect the waste from small open collection points and transports it by push carts to nearest dustbin or open collection point. The waste from open collection points is transported to disposal site by trucks and tractors. The following table shows the primary mechanism.
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Table 5.12 Primary collection implements Available Sambalpur Municipality Component SM Dust Bins Open Collection Points Pushcarts/wheel Barrows Conservancy Staff
180 87 200 521
The primary Collection and secondary collection systems are not properly structured in the. In primary collection system waste from households, small open points and street sweeping is collected by conservancy staff and is placed at dustbins and open collection points, which is transported to dumping site or to low lying areas.
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CHAPTER 6.
6.1. Slum Over view
Basic Services to the Poor
It is estimated that, about 40-50% of urban population in India lives in slums. Slums are noticed in almost all cities of India and the World. Sambalpur City is not an exception. Nearly 48% of the total population of the town lives in the notified and no notified slums. The slums in the city are scattered all around the city and increasing over time. The slums are facing difficulties due to deficiency in various infrastructure facilities like roads, water supply, drainage, street lighting, solid waste management etc. The government of India since Dec-05 has launched the UIDSSMT program in which Sambalpur city is included by government of Orissa and under this program the municipality has propelled for various infrastructure development works in slums. A parallel innovative scheme titled as Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program (IHSDP) was also launched by Govt. of India, Ministry of Housing and Poverty Alleviation during December-05 for provision of housing to the slum households.
6.2 Socio- economic Profile of Slums in Sambalpur

The total population in the slums is 73005, which is about 48% of the total population of the city. There are 16838 households in the slums, which comprise about 54% of the total household in the city. The literacy rate of the slums is 62%, which is very low as compared to the city literacy rate of 79% .The literacy rate of male and female is 51% and 40% respectively which is again very low as compared to city level male literacy rate of 86% and female literacy rate of 71 percent. Table 6.1 Slum Population in sambalpur
Item Population % To the total town population Households % to the total Households
Source: census of India 2001
Table 6.2 Literacy Rates of City and Slum

Category City Average Literacy Rate Male Literacy Rate Female Literacy Rate 79.09
86.16 71.47
SLUM (2001) 73005 47.36 16838 53.49
2001 Slum 62 51 40
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6.3 Status of Slums

There are 104 slums in the city of which 88 slums are notified and 16 slums are no notified having population of 42491 and 3051 respectively .The total land area of slums is 1.17 square km., which is about 3% of the total area of the town. The households in the notified slums are 9725 and in the no notified are 7113. Though the non- notified slums are less in number, they contribute 41.79%of the total slum population.
Table 6.3 Notified Non-notified slums in sambalpur Municipality

Status Notified Non-notified Total Number 88 16 104 Total Households 9725 7113 16838 Total Population 42491 30514 73005 Total Land (in Sq. KM) 1.09 .08 1.17
6.3.1 Land Status

The total slum land is of the magnitude of 158 acres of which 138 acres belong to notified slums and 20 acres belong to non-notified slums. Nearly 90 percent of the land belongs to government as given in table below.
Table 6.4 Land status slums in sambalpur Municipality

Status Notified Non-notified Total Government (In acre) 125 20 145 5 8 Private (In acre) 5 Endowment (In acre) 8 Total (In acre) 138 20 158
6.4 Housing Status

There are 25% of the houses in the slums are pucca, about 40% of the houses are kutcha and remaining 30% of houses are semi-pucca. This implies that about 70% of the house are kucha or semi- pucca and require proper housing.
Table 6.5 Housing status in slums in sambalpur Municipality

Type Pucca
Notified 5%
Non-notified 20%
Total 25% 65
Semi-pucca Kutcha Others Total
15% 20% 0% 40
15% 20% 5% 60
30% 40% 5% 100
6.5 Ward-wise Slum Population and location Characteristics

Figure 6.1 Slum location map
The table below provides slums details in each ward, names of slums, population of slums with ward population and the percentage slum population over ward population. In addition to table the maps and charts are making the understanding of current situation of city at micro level, which helps us to develop an effective planning strategy and also help to take required measures.
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Table 6.6 Slum household and population

No. on Slums in each Ward
Ward No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Name of Slums
Population of Slums 3242 2737 2605 1390 1214 4346 4127 0 4260 223 0 234 387 1865 3961 1466 2663 2549 1774 4058 2999 2086 3629
Ward Population 5508 6060 8937 5526 6218 4555 5261 6032 4997 3603 3209 3589 4155 4284 4053 6460 6729 4760 4930 5795 4689 3785 4093 5095
3 4 3 2
1
Betrapara, Vatra-1, Vatra-2 Dhanupali, Turi Para, Govindtola, Charvati Bhuta Para, Motijharan, Suna Pali Nagenchoti, Rashtrapati Chowk Mayabagicha Pension Para, Kawbadi Para - Dalal Para, Saliabagicha (Danibandh), Danibandh Bahal Para, Dhuchur Para, Sidheshwar Bema, Ekodo Para No Slums Salchi Para, Samali Para, Sarlakani, Sarlakani - Gandhi Colony, Sarla, Jhankar Para (near City Rly Stn) Keut Para-1 No Slums Dhula Para Pattnaik Para Tanla Para, Mali Bagicha, Kamli Bazar Theko Para, Sahu Colony, Ambedkar Nagar Bohidhar Bandh, LIC, Ghusurijudabandh Manik Munda, Nandaram Tank, Samleshwari Colony Chamar Para, Nandini Colony Ghunguti Para, Amairi Para, Bangali Para, Malibari Majhi Para, Kusta Para, Sunaridhuba Para, Keut Para II, Ginjiga Para, Bhuam Para, Madha Bandh, Bad Bazar Mandilia (Jhuarpudipada), Chandan Nagar, Talvata Para, Tiwari Gali Daldali Para, Panika Para, Bangla Para Nuabandh Para, Mahabir gali, Pardeshi Para, Mungapada Rened Village, Kanijuri, Durgapali, Durgapali Telipada, Laxmidunguri, Remed Harijanpada, Nuapada, Kadam Mal, Bagharamal Khejiriapada, Pujaripada, Kushumpada Dumer Pada, Gopal Pali, Gopal Pali - Tikira Pada, Rani Bagicha (Balral Pali), Makhana Pada, Tetel Pada Nua Pada II, Rani Bandh, Thakur Pada, Station Pada, Adibasi Kol Pada, Behera Munda Panchagachia, Gopalmal, Danipali, Mill Pada Katardhua, Dukhu Pada, Shanti Nagar, Ramgad Teli Pada, Birsa Munda (Aintha Pali), Majha Pada (Aintha Pali) Goala Pada, Tangar Pali, Khajuria Pada (Aintha Pali), Dehuri Pali
% Slum population (over ward population) 59 45 29 25 20 95 78 0 85 6 0 7 9 44 98 23 40 54 36 70 64 55 89 93
4 4 0 6
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
1 1 3 3 3 3 2 4 8 4 3 4 11
21 22 23 24
4721
25
6 6 4 6 4
2767 4003 2458 4196 3193
4125 4842 6559 7377 8417
67 83 37 57 38
26
27 28
29
67
Figure 6.2 Names of slums with their location
Figure 6.3 Number of Slums in each Ward
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As we have seen there are highest no. of slums in ward-24 counts 11, whereas no slums in ward-8 & 11, which shows high slums density in certain wards. In case of Ward- 6,7,15 & 24, the no. of slums are very high approximately equivalent to the total population of the ward.
Figure 6.4 Ward wise Slum Population
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Figure 6.5 Slum-Ward Population
Figure 6.6 Percentage Slum Population Over Ward Population
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Figure 6.7 Percent of Slum population over Ward population
From above map & graph based on the Percentage of Slum population Over Ward population shows that in ward-6, 15 & 24 has high population. There is an urgent need to pay attention to manage the urban services for the development of the area.
6.6 Basic Infrastructure in Slums

The basic infrastructure in slums is very poor as shown in the table below. The percentage of water supply coverage is only 20%, which is very low. The total number of HSCs are only 3500 for 16838 households, which is very low. 20% of household are covered by the HSCs and the remaining household are covered by the PSPs, which are only 824 .due to which most of the people do not have enough water for their daily basic requirement. There are about 35 katcha roads in the slums, which means there is no drainage on these roads resulting in the poor sanitation and unhygienic atmosphere. Table 6.7 Service delivery status in slums in sambalpur Municipality
Services Total Slum households Water Supply Coverage HSCs PSPs Roads Kutcha Pucca Individual toilets Street lights
Unit Number Percentage Number Number Kms Kms Kms Number Number
1991 83 14621 20.58 3010 325 225 26 175 1835 134
2001 88 15350 21.2 3250 405 245 31 195 1880 149
2007 (Estimated) 104 16838 20.78 3500 515 275 35 215 2090 160
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Table 6.8 Toilets and Drains status in slums in sambalpur Municipality

Toilets Individual 2090
Drains Community 12 Pucca 120Km Kutcha 35Km
There are only 12% of household having individual toilets and for the rest there are only 12 community toilets. Only about 50% of pucca roads have drains, which is very less.
6.7 Solid Waste Management in slums

The condition of the solid waste management is pathetic in the slums. There is no door-todoor collection, almost 55% of the garbage is thrown on the road sides and in open spaces and about 10% of the garbage is thrown in the drains which causes choking and flooding in the streets. Table 6.9 Garbage Collection status in slums in sambalpur Municipality
Category Door-Door Collection Dustbin Roadsides Open Places Drains Total
Source: sambalpur Municipality
% Area Covered 0% 30 25 35 10 100
% Population Covered 0% 35 25 30 10 100
6.8 Social Infrastructure in Slums

There are only 20 schools in 104 slums and no private schools. There are 131 Anganwadi centers in the slums and only 1 dispensary. The slums have 65 community halls. The social infrastructure is also not up to the standards.
Table 6.10 Social infrastructure in slums in sambalpur Municipality

Services Number of Schools Government School Private Schools Anganwadi Slum 20 20 0 131
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Libraries Urban Health Centres/ Dispensaries Community Halls

1 1 65
6.9 Poverty Alleviation Programs

There are number of Poverty alleviation Programs running in the town which are explained below
Table 6.11 Schemes for poverty elevation in sambalpur Municipality

Sl.No 1. Scheme S. J.S R Y (a) Urban slum Employment program (USEP) (b) Development of women and children in urban area (DWCUA) (c) Thrift and credit society (T&C) (d) Urban Wage employment Program (UWEP) (e) Community Structure (f)Infrastructure support. NSDP VAMBAY SC/ST NOAP MRHS NFBG DPS Scheme Swarna Jayanthi Sahari Rojagar Yojana1997-till date
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
National Slum development Programme New Scheme has been ceased Group Financing National Old age pension Orissa old age pension Mental retarded helping Scheme Disability pension scheme
Social Welfare (Old Age Pension) The functions of the section are: (I)To provide pension to the citizens above the age of 60 who are incapable to work and neither supported by any member of the family. The maximum limit of people to whom pension is to be disbursed is fixed on the basis of guideline of SOAP (State Old Age Pension), NOAP (National Old Age Pension) and ODP (Orissa Disability Pension) Scheme. Pension is disbursed Ward wise. Tax Collectors are responsible for the disbursement of pension in respective Wards. They collect the money
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from the Social Welfare section and disburse it to the beneficiaries at the Ward centers before the 15th of every month. The disbursement is done monthly basis to the beneficiary. When a beneficiary dies the name of the beneficiary is deleted from the list of the pensioners and reported to the Sub-collectors office for selection of a new beneficiary. The selection of the new beneficiary is made from the waiting list of beneficiaries. Currently a monthly pension of Rs.200 is disbursed to each beneficiary. This section is functioning outside the purview of Sambalpur Municipality. No money of Sambalpur Municipality is used towards the payment of these pensions. The entire money is in the form of grant from State and Central government for the SOAP and NOAP and ODP respectively. Money is received by the Social Welfare section from District Social Welfare Officer (DSWO), Sambalpur. As per the Govt .instruction the ODP, NOAP and SOAP is being paid to the pensioner on 15th of each month. The number of pensioners on roll and the amount paid during the current financial year till October 2007 is given below.
Table 6.12 Details of pensions given in sambalpur Municipality Name of Pensioner National Old Age pension State Old Age Pension Orthopadically disability pension Total
No. of Pensioners 1492 1683 477 3652
Amount received during this year 20,88,800/36,67,200 12,00,000 69,56,000
Amount paid 17,55,000 22,93,600 4,09,200 44,57,800
Integrated Housing and Urban Development Program (IHSDP): After the closed of NSDP project, IHSDP project is introduced but till now no work has yet been stated. In this project Central Govt. will contribute 80% and the State Govt. / Municipality / Beneficiaries will contribute balance 20%. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY): This programme was introduced to provide house to persons under BPL line. Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY): Under this program training is given to persons under BPL line, unemployed persons, ladies to make them employable and to earn money / lively hood.
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National Family Benefit Schemes (NFBS): Under this scheme Govt. gives monetary helps to the family members of a person who is below the poverty line and who is the only employed person of his family. This grant is given in case of death of the above person. Social inputs under Sambalpur municipality. Table 6.13 Details of Social inputs under sambalpur Municipality
Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Scheme NOAP NOAP ODP Mental retarded helping Scheme National Family Benefit Scheme Target 1440 1528 375 25 275 Achievement 1440 1528 375 25 275
6.10 Funding Pattern under SJSRY (Rs. In lakhs)
The SJSRY scheme is has 75%of the central aid and 25% of the state aid and the receipt and expenditure of the past years is given below. Table 6.14 Funding pattern under SJSRY
Year 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Receipts 1402000 570000 900000 650000 564615 1021580 200000 Expenditure 1403000 570000 900000 650000 564615 1021580 200000
Total
5308195
5308195
6.11 Funding Pattern under NSDP (Rs. In lakhs)
The funding pattern of the NSDP has 30% central grant and 70% loan the receipts and expenditure of the scheme for past years is given below
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Table 6.15 Funding pattern under NSDP

Year 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Total
Receipts 4600000 2000000 500000 1200000 8300000
Expenditure 4600000 2000000 500000 1200000 8300000
6.12 Livelihood Programs
There are 50 no. of SHG and 12 no of DWCUA having 500 and 120 members respectively. The SHG has 30 groups linked with bank and DWCUA has 7 groups linked with bank. Table 6.16 Livelihood programs
Groups Number Number of Members 500 120 HHs Covered 500 120 No. of Groups with Bank linkages 30 07
SHG DWCUA Other
50 12
6.13 Community Structures
There are 500 numbers of NHC groups and 20 numbers of NHC and these groups are active in the city.
Table 6.17 Community Structure

Structures NHG NHC
Number 500 20
Number of Members 8000 8000
Whether Active? (Yes/No) Yes Yes
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Key issues The most important and of high priority is the lack of basic services to the poor in terms of water supply, sanitation, streetlights, roads, solid waste management and transportation connectivity. Some of the issues are elaborated as following: There is very less coverage of piped water supply in the slums and the number of public stand posts is not adequate. Slum dwellers spend lot of time to fetch water from the stand posts, which are generally located far away from the slums. The condition of the surroundings where stand post are place is dilapidated and no measures are taken to upgrade them. Most of the slum dwellers practice open defecation and most of the sewage /sullage is drained in the drains available or on the road read. The access to the drains is very poor and existing drains are choked with solid waste. There is no door-to-door collection of solid waste and source segregation more over there are no dustbins in the slums though 50% of the population resides in the slums. Slums faces the problem of water logging due the over flow of drains because of high level of deposition of garbage and the waste water drained out from the residences to the road Population density in the slums is very high increasing the vulnerability of unhygienic condition due to lack of basic services. There is an immediate need for consideration of the slum improvement programs. Most of the slum dwellers are not benefited by the schemes to up grade poor. Though there is a proposal under UIDSSMT and IHSDP for poor but it is notcovering all the households. There are no proper health facilities in the slums provided by the municipality.
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CHAPTER 7.
7.1. Introduction
Disaster Management
There has been an increase in the incidence of natural disasters worldwide with increasing loss of life and damage to property. The risk of disasters can also be expected to rise in the future, particularly for developing countries populations. There are two reasons for this trend: An increase in extreme natural events, primarily due to climatic change Increased vulnerability of populations to these natural events Natural disasters are closely bound up with the development status of a region: they disrupt or impair development and, at the same time, a low level of development increases the chances of them occurring. Supported in part by bilateral and multilateral donors, many countries are stepping up their efforts to prevent disaster. The idea is that effective precautions will avert future disasters or at least mitigate them. This in turn will help stabilize development in partner countries. Containing the hazards and reducing vulnerability can lower disaster risk. Significance of this chapter is to elevate the importance of disaster mitigation plan at city level and its function in city development plan.
7.2. Disaster in Orissa Orissa is vulnerable to multiple disasters. Due to its sub-tropical littoral location, the state is prone to tropical cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis. Its densely populated coastal plains are the alluvial deposits of its river systems. The rivers in these areas with heavy load of silt have very little carrying capacity, resulting in frequent floods, only to be compounded by breached embankments. Though a large part of the state comes under Earthquake Risk Zone-II (Low Damage Risk Zone), the Brahmani Mahanadi graben and their deltaic areas come under Earthquake Risk Zone-III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone) covering 43 out of the 103 urban local bodies of the state.
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7.3. Patterns of Disasters
7.3.1. Floods The 482 km long of coastline of Orissa exposes the state to floods, cyclones and storm surges. Heavy rainfall during monsoon causes floods in the rivers. Flow of water from neighbouring States of Jharkhand and Chattisgarh also contributes to flooding. The flat coastal belts with poor drainage, high degree of siltation of the rivers, soil erosion, breaching of the embankments and spilling of floodwaters over them, cause severe floods in the river basin and delta areas. In Orissa, rivers such as the Mahanadi, Subarnarekha, Brahmani, Baitarani, Rushikulya, Vansadhara and their many tributaries and branches flowing through the State expose vast areas to floods. In Orissa, damages are caused due to floods mainly in the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, and the Baitarani. These rivers have a common delta where flood waters intermingle, and when in spate simultaneously, wreak considerable havoc. This problem becomes even more acute when floods coincide with high tide. The water level rises due to deposits of silt on the riverbed. Rivers often overflow their banks or water rushes through new channels causing heavy damages. Floods and drainage congestion also affect the lower reaches along the Subarnarekha. The rivers Rusikulya, Vansadhara and Budhabalanga also cause occasional floods. The entire coastal belt is prone to storm surges. The storms that produce tidal surges are usually accompanied by heavy rain fall making the coastal belt vulnerable to both floods and storm surges. People die; livestock perish; houses are washed away; paddy and other crops are lost and roads and bridges are damaged. The floods of 1980, 1982, 2001 and 2003 in the State were particularly severe; property worth crores of rupees was destroyed in the floods.
7.3.2. Cyclone Cuttack district is in very high damage risk zone, Berhampur and Sambalpur districts are in moderate damage risk zones from wind and cyclones. But the cyclone of 1999 affected Berhampur the most out of the three.
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Figure 7.1 Wind and Cyclone Zones in Orissa The super cyclonic storm has
weakened into a well marked low pressure over south-coastal Orissa, north-coastal Andhra Pradesh and adjoining sea areas of west-central and north-west Bay. The two cyclones that hit Indias state of Orissa in October killed well over 10,000 people and made 8 million homeless. The second cyclone Paradip before moving on to smaller towns and villages. Figure 7.2 Map showing the disaster affected areas in Orissa devastated the states administrative capital, Bhubaneswar, the commercial capital, Cuttack, and the port town of
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In response to a super cyclone that struck Orissa in1999, UNDP and other UN organisations provided a coordination support mechanism during the crisis and facilitated interventions in the following sectors: shelter, agriculture, health, education, women and children, and water and sanitation. In the rehabilitation phase, UNDP supported the state government in specific rehabilitation efforts promoting community participation in shelter and livelihood sectors with the objective of reducing vulnerability. Subsequently, community preparedness plans were formulated. These plans were used by the communities and the government to take precautionary action during the cyclone threat of 2000. The generation of awareness in the state also helped the communities to be better prepared during the 2001 floods.
7.4. Citys Experience
7.4.1. Cyclone Since last 25 years (1982) as per data available from Dist. Emergency section, Sambalpur, there has not been occurrence of cyclone in this town. There are possibilities of strong winds with the speed of 53 km/ph before on set of monsoon in the cyclone prone areas in city. As per the Disaster Calendar, the months of May to November are for preparedness against cyclone. The main reason behind the loss to the properties is the loss due to week construction (especially weak & connected roofs or ceilings.) This damage to the residential dwelling units results into loss of human lives also.
7.4.2. Flood The areas of the Sambalpur town on Mahanadi river sides/low-lying areas are flood prone. All 29wards were affected due to floods in 2006. Human lives & cattles have also been greatly damaged due to flood in the past. One person has drowned/died due to flood in 2006,5 cattle had also been lost, 50 cottages are destroyed & 98 cottages were partially damaged. The crops & industries also experienced the great loss due to flood in that particular area. The major crops of Sambalpur town are rice & vegetables (Bajra, Cotton, Jowar,
Ground nut, vegetables). The pre monsoon period (i.e. from June to September) is for disaster preparedness against floods and heavy rains. The houses, having weak foundations in usage areas more vulnerable floodwater. There can be a great damage to the land due to floods.
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7.4.3. Earthquake Sambalpur town is situated on the two-fault line crossing, which passes through
Chotanagpur to Chattisgarh ways. All 29wards of this city/town fall under Zone-3 seismic number, which shows the possibility of an earthquake. Due to rocky land in Sambalpur town most of the building and their foundations have not been constructed as per the rules. The qualities of material used in the construction are also not good due to financial constrains or customary concepts. Such buildings cannot face the earthquake tremors.
7.4.4. Accidents The state highway & national highway no. prone. 6 & 42 Passes through Sambalpur town. The
town along the state highway & city/town along the national highway are highly accident-
7.4.5. Fire Sambalpur town has a larger production of cotton/groundnut wood hence there are a number of 5 saw mills where the Wood is processed. Due to high amount of storage, there are possibilities of fire also. The storage tanks for petroleum are there in the areas in the town. These can be cause of fire.
7.4.6. Industrial / Chemical Disasters There are collection centers of petroleum kind of risky oil depot along the National highways passing through this town, besides, there are Kerosene Oil storages etc in this town due to which there are chances of fire & Accidents.No areas experienced a great loss due to fire.
7.5. Seasonality of Disaster Table 7.1 Seasonality of disaster Disaster Month Flood Cyclone Earthquake Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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7.5.1. Disaster Vulnerability and Impacts Table 7.2 Disaster vulnerability Type of Disaster Cyclone Earthquake Flood 2006 Sunstroke Chemical (Industrial) Potential impact --All 29 wards Areas to be affected --All 29 wards
12 people died in the year Sambalpur Town 2002-03 One person died in the 2 nos of wards were affected. year 2005 and 204 were affected
Source : Sambalpur disaster managment plan
7.5.2. Review of Risk Potentialities Table 7.3 Risk potential Type Disaster Cyclone Earthquake of Major Impacts Damage Prone No. of vulnerable Areas-wards. families living in. Negligible All families particularly in those living in poor structures 1400 Exposed to sun and heat foot path dwellers 2000 Families
Limited loss of lives, Negligible property -All wards
Flood Sunstroke Road Accident
Water logging Sine severe wave
All 29 wards heat All 29 wards Govindtola, Dhanupali, Sarla,Dhankauda, Ainthapali, Barpali, Remed ( 5 nos. of ward)
Due to heavy traffic
Chemical (Industrial)
Due to Brust of oil depot & railway water treatment plant.
Khetrajpur, 6000 famillies Thakurpada, Dasmati Colony, Modipara (5 nos of wards)
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7.6. Strategies Disaster Management will have an integrated approach covering the 3 phases of disaster: The pre-disaster phase The response phase and The recovery and rehabilitation phase. Disaster Management can be made effective in any city/town in phases, in short interim periods or even on regular basis, through the following measures: Keep the disaster management plans updated and upgraded, especially the research, communication and information. Mock drill should be arranged twice a year. Refresher training should be imparted to the key stakeholders associated with the Disaster Management. An atmosphere should be created where all the officers/employees of departments/officers connected with disaster management including liaison officers of the city/town may take initiative to render their services spontaneously during calamities. Task forces should be trained for the tasks to be undertaken during calamities. The control-room of the city/town may be kept functioning for 24 hours.Missing facilities amenities may be set up for disaster management by upgrading the city/town control room and updated information. Systematic planning should be made by the department to pay serious attention to the warning given in advance by the district control room as well as by the irrigation department. Care should be taken to provide such information/warning to every citizen even in the remote areas. Steps should be taken to make available the search & rescue equipments by keeping a live communication with district network. With regard to activities such as evacuation/shifting etc; co-ordination may be made with the govt. network, fire-brigade industrial houses, voluntary organization etc. to reduce the damage/loss.
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Result-oriented actions may be implemented for timely distribution of relief-materials to the affected people after making co-ordination with the local bodies, donors, industrials houses, NGOs and district level network as well. A systematic work should be undertaken to restore the normalcy in day to day life by timely repairing of damaged roads, bridges etc.
7.7. Policies In the context of proclamation of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), National initiatives and States own experience, the State Govt. felt it necessary to have a specific policy for disaster management and to provide necessary guidelines on all aspects of emergency management, and accordingly formulated the Disaster management policy.The key feature of the policy are presented below.
Table 7.4 Features Of The Disaster Management Policy Take a proactive approach to disaster management and promote a culture of prevention and preparedness among individuals and institutions. Follow a multi-hazard approach to disaster management Shift from a relief and welfare approach to a rights and entitlement-based approach to humanitarian assistance. Since sustainable development will not be possible without the active involvement of the communities, make the vulnerability reduction programmes community driven. Integrate Disaster Management into Development Policy and Planning. Institutionalise efficient, well-coordinated and participatory disaster management initiatives as one of the basic ingredients of good governance. Ensure quality at all stages of emergency management including prevention, mitigation, relief and reconstruction and make their adoption mandatory. For doing so, universally accepted minimum standards should be adopted. If necessary, the standards should be modified taking into account local conditions and customs. Attempt harmonious blending of all disaster management interventions with local cultural ethos. Focus on protection of the environment. Promote inter-agency coordination and cooperation for Disaster Management. Involve all stakeholders in disaster management and define their roles in different stages of disasters.
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Create an enabling environment for ensuring higher participation of all stakeholders Work on legislation(s) to provide statutory backing to essential disaster management functions and agencies. Establish a trigger mechanism for emergency operations. View people as valuable partners and strengthen community-based coping mechanisms for dealing with disasters. Promote a spirit of volunteerism, develop a cadre of well-trained volunteers whose services will be utilised during emergencies. Document and use peoples indigenous knowledge, whenever possible. Share information and knowledge about disasters and their management with all stakeholders. Develop a network amongst various disaster management entities using OSDMA as the main hub. Establish an Institute dedicated to conducting research, development and training on disaster management related activities. Make Disaster Management a part of the educational system and curricula. Decentralise management of disasters to the Block, Gram Panchayat / Municipality levels and strengthen their institutional and functional capacities to be effective as the first responders to disaster events. Ensure that humanitarian assistance is provided in an equitable, consistent and predictable manner. Emphasize participation of women in all stages of disaster management and recognise their special problems in disaster situation. Recognise the higher vulnerability of children, elders, physically and mentally challenged, during and after emergencies and design interventions accordingly.
7.8. List of Stakeholders Coordinated efforts of some or all the following stakeholders would be required for effective disaster management: The community affected/ vulnerable to disasters Volunteer based organisations such as NSS, NCC, Indian Red Cross, Civil Defence, Scouts and Guides, Nehru Yuva Kendra, etc. Civil Society Organizations including Community-based Organizations Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies Police, Home Guards, paramilitary forces
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District Administration Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) Special Relief Organisation Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA) State Govt. Departments Govt. of India organisations, agencies in the State Public Sector Organisations Private Sector Organisations United Nations Agencies Bilateral and multi-lateral agencies
7.9. Institutional Framework Revenue Department of the State is the administrative department for disaster management under the general guidance and supervision of the Government. The Orissa State Disaster management Agency is designate to play the role of co-ordinator agency in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases, while Special Relief Organisation will play the lead role during the response phase. OSDMA would assist the Special Relief Organization during the response phase and also point out to SRC and the Collectors gaps in relief administration if any. The other stakeholders would play their assigned roles during any or all the three phases. The State Government could also designate specific departments to be the nodal departments in respect of specific disasters (for example : if there is an outbreak of an epidemic, the Health Department will be the nodal department.) The District Collector would be the nodal agency (officer) for prevention, response and recovery in the event of all types of disasters in the district.
7.10. Vulnerable Factors of damage and the risks The extent of impact of disasters is not uniform on all socio-economic groups. It is mostly the poor and disadvantaged who do not have any coping mechanisms who are the worst hit. Even among the poor households with assets and savings are likely to be less vulnerable than those who do not have the same. The community networks and support systems also play a crucial role. Poor communities with better community bonding and support system are likely to be less vulnerable. Hence there is a need to identify vulnerable groups through systematic survey and mapping and develop appropriate response strategies.
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7.11. Scheme for Response Acquiring information about materials and resources, their classification and analysis during the disaster and before the disaster helps in facing such severe calamities. Need for various resources are felt immediately after the disaster. Ample care should be taken about precautionary measures and safety against the earthquake. Other rules of safety against the disaster pertaining to retrofitting of houses should also be followed. Safe places where immediate shelter may be taken during flood, earthquake or cyclone should necessarily be protected against such calamities. As per the details of the City Disaster Management Plan, Community hall, Primary school or temple and other public buildings etc; should be used as safe shelter places during such calamities. Therefore, it is essential that every city/town should have retrofitting of such safe places and care is taken ensure that such places are protected from various disasters and are as per construction regulations.
Rescue Equipments
7.11.1. Evacuation and Temporary Shelter The safe places available at every ward may be used for evacuation and temporary shelter during the calamities. Warning for each ward and warning communication for city/town level will help in shifting the affected people to such safe places during the calamities with the help of workforce (task-force) The city/town task force can play an important role in shifting the people during calamities, in taking immediate actions, in spreading true in formation and in preventing the grapevines and rumours. The action required to be taken in case of the safe accommodation is equally important. An open ground is the ideal safe place during earthquake. While in flood, shifting towards elevated area will be safe.
7.11.2. Search & Rescue The immediate task after a disaster is to search and rescue the victims. Various tools & equipments are required for this purpose. These materials might not be available at one place; but having information about their location is very essential. If such information is
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available, this material can be shifted immediately to the required place and causalities can be reduced.
7.11.3. First Aid The most important issue after warning and communication and search & rescue during any calamity is to provide first aid to the victims. The demand of first aid and health facilities can be more than their availability, especially Infrastructure facilities such as P.H.centers/ C.T.Centres and shortage of medical staff such as doctors/nurses. Therefore, it is important to learn about the ratio between requirement and availability. Moreover, the police department could play an important role in spreading right information, in issuing warnings and shifting the people immediately.
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CHAPTER 8.
8.1 Introduction
Gender Mainstreaming
City Development Plan must be gender-sensitive if it is to be equitable, sustainable and effective. Gender based urban development is about promoting cities that respond equally to men and women. Gender mainstreaming is an accepted worldwide strategy to promote gender equality. Mainstreaming is about incorporating gender into all aspects of development programming policy, dialogue, legislation, structure and institutions, resource allocations and use, planning, implementation and monitoring. In the CDP, gender mainstreaming will be about gender-neutral infrastructural development. A better understanding of the urban gender concerns, especially related to provision of basic services and policy reforms, a roadmap and approach to integrated gender issues within the urban renewal and reform agenda is very much required.
8.2 Why Mainstreaming Gender Women and men, rich and poor use urban spaces and contribute to city economic development as producers and providers of goods and services. However each has different service requirements which needs to be taken into consideration while planning for service provision. All the infrastructure projects have different impacts on men and women. Women experience and use the urban environment in different ways from men, they have different priorities in terms of services and infrastructure, such as transport, housing, water, sanitation etc. Such priorities rarely feature in urban policy or investments. There has been insufficient recognition of how women and men use and contribute to the city in different ways; how this is influenced by their different responsibilities in the home and in society and how this in turn affects their ability to engage in public life. Too little has been done to plan and manage cities with focus on women. A fresh perspective is needed, which recognizes women as integral players in urban governance and which facilitates their participation in urban partnerships. Infrastructure planning in India has been traditionally done by and for men. Women have little control over use of resources. Some infrastructure performs efficiently only when gender specific interventions are planned, budgeted, implemented and monitored. For example Community based water supply services that increase time spent by women in
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water collection, reduced frequency of buses in non peak hours and increased travel time for women and road and street lights designed without womens safety needs are not gender neutral infrastructure services. Gender blending at the city level will require a thorough and comprehensive understanding of gender based inequalities in local context together with their cause and effects and the designing of strategic interventions, estimation of costs and benefits, development of monitoring frameworks to ensure accountability, and the creation of capacity and commitment for urban development.
8.3
Current situation
Sambalpur sex ratio is higher than the state urban sex ratio of 895 and national urban sex ratio of 901. There is a significant difference between women and men in social indicators literacy rate and work participation rate. The female literacy rate is 71%, which is much lower than the male literacy rate with 86%. The total Workers in 2001 has slightly increased from 30.43 to 31.45% out of which contribution of women has increased from 9.20% to 12.52%. The percentage of marginal workers to total workers has increased significantly from 2.56%to 8.07% in which the share of female marginal workers has increased by 4.30%, which is quite high.
8.4
Strategies for Integrating Gender Concern
The CDP has undertaken gender analysis and formulated strategies for integrating gender concerns as follows:
8.4.1. Water Supply 1. Increase in the water supply coverage and quality so as reduce burden and social tensions for women in collecting and fetching water, to promote productive use of their time and prevent loosing their daily income. 2. Water points in suitable locations be convenient for the women. 3. Women and men are consulted in design, operation and maintenance , tariff setting etc
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8.4.2. Sanitation There is a need to construct women and girl friendly public and institutional toilets. This will reduce the girl drop out rate from the schools and also address womens problem in the work environment. On the whole it will also help in addressing the health issue faced by women to a certain extent.
8.4.3. Solid Waste Management 1. Women spend more time in home/ settlement so improper waste management causes higher risk to them and hence they become more vulnerable. Hence there is a need of creation of public awareness for 100 percent door-to-door collection. 2. In human resource management it should be ensured that adequate number of womens participation is there. Capacity building and training programs should address both women and men.
8.4.4. Traffic and transportation 1. Proper street lighting- city becomes more safe and specially women. 2. Road signs with graphic so that it is understandable by women with low literacy 3. Developing cheap and efficient public transport system- men are owner of personal transport and hence women depend more on public transport or walk.
8.4.5. Slum Improvement 1. Active engagement of women and men in community managed facilities 2. Poverty reduction budget to incorporate gender concerns and prioritise women headed poor households
8.4.6. Local Economic Development 1. Employment in project execution activities and equal wages for equal work for both men and women. 2. In development of market facility special care to be taken for women vendors and customer. 3. Encouragement of Ngo or micro credit.
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8.4.7. Other Gender Related Strategies 1. Earmark budget for capacity building in gender planning, auditing and budgeting 2. Guidelines for Citizens Charter preparation to include women friendly services 3. Information system to include gender disaggregated data 4. Budgetary allocation for Capacity building support to prepare Gender Action Plan. Gender Committee to be constituted to ensure implementation and monitoring
8.5
Gender checklist
In the formulation of projects, there is a need for gender specific data for planning, monitoring and determining beneficiaries, also gender impact assessment there is a need to execute on how men and women access, use and get affected by different urban infrastructure development projects. This can be done by using a checklist given below:
8.5.1. Project Planning and Design Collection of gender disaggregated data- both in secondary and primary information gathering. Ensure women representative in the stakeholder identification Integration of gender concerns in all sectors.
8.5.2. Project Implementation In the formation of projects ensure to assess the benefits to women, involve women and men in planning & design, operation and maintenance. For every sector ensure the following:
Water Women are generally responsible for water collection.Time spent? Poor quality affect health? Girl child leave school for water collection?
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Sanitation, SWM, Drainage and sewerage Time devoted in SW management? Who and how : manage? Where disposed the waste? Who collects and how and when? Peoples health risk- women spend more time in home/ settlement so improper sanitation cause higher risk to them Ensure toilet in workplace At what interval is the community toilet Pay and use Covered drains Private toilet (provision of toilet to the slums) Sewerage needs to be connected to notified slum.
Women right in urban space- land housing finance Land tenure
Access to livelihood and employment Women earn less than men Economic contribution is unacknowledged, unmeasured and unsupported.- need to organize Work in informal sector and hence exclused from safety nets(maternity leave, health care, pension) Equal opportunity? Right to social services; Household industry
Safety and security Urban space and safety: streetlight, distance of public transport system Violence against women.
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Urban transport How many roads planned are motorized and how many are smaller roads within the neighbourhood. What mode of transport do women use in such motorized road? (Men are owner of personal transport and hence women depend more on public transport or walk) How many women use pedestrian walkways How easy, difficult, safe are these pavements for the women to walk Are walkways planned with soft landscape that is friendly for children? Are the walkway low and comfortable to get on and off? Is the O and M high priority? How is the lighting planned? - road safety Are road signs with graphic so that it is understandable by women with low literacy? Distance of public transport Public transport to cater to women working late night. Rehabilitation due to road widening- tenure and security
Being counted Women in governance: most women being proxy candidate Awareness program taken up or not? Provision of platform? Is there any women community based organization at the city level to address the need and discuss issues. Women a part of decision making?
8.5.3. Project Evaluation Monitor whether the money is spent as planned and an assessment of impact of the programmes; projects and schemes will be conducted so as to ensure gender mainstreaming.Also one can look into capacity building for participation through awareness porgrammes, trainings, etc
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CHAPTER 9.
9.1 Introduction
Municipal Finance
Urban Local Bodies, however, do not have a sound financial base. Many of them are relatively weak reflecting their increased dependence on the state government and external sources like the grants received from the National Finance Commissions. At the same time they are found reluctant to take serious steps to improve their weak fiscal position.
9.1.1 Municipal finances Sambalpur Municipality is following single entry (cash-based) accounting system for maintaining the municipal accounts. For the purposes of analysis, all the account items are broadly categorized under the following major heads of Income and Expenditure:
9.1.2 Receipts All recurring and non-recurring items of Receipt and expenditure are included under this head. Receipt includes the receipt of the municipality under the following heads: Rates and Receipt Licence and other fees Receipts under special Acts Revenue from derived from Municipal Properties and powers apart from taxation Grants and contribution for general and special purposes Miscellaneous Extraordinary & debts
9.1.3 Expenditure All expenditure of Sambalpur Municipality can be categorized under the following heads: General Administration Collection of taxes & fees Pensions & Gratuities Public Safety Public Health Medical
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Public Convenience Public Institution Miscellaneous Extra Ordinary & Debts
9.2. Financial status Financial assessment of the Sambalpur Municipality has been carried based on the financial information collected for last eight financial years, i.e. FY 2000-01 to FY 2007-08. The total receipt of the municipality has increased from Rs. 487.39 lakh in FY 2000-01 to Rs. 1431.41 lakh in FY 2007-08 at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.64 percent. The total expenditure however has increased during this period from Rs. 511.15 lakh to Rs. 1398.53 lakh with a CAGR of 15.46 percent. Table 9.1 Summary of Finances of Sambalpur Municipality
Particulars Total Receipt Total Expenditure Overall Status
Source : Sambalpur municipality (23.76) 141.59 82.21 (118.45) (51.86) (51.86) 356.25 32.88 511.15 504.15 768.44 1,053.15 849.83 849.82 733.57 1,398.53 2000-01 487.39 2001-02 645.74 2002-03 850.66 2003-04 934.70 2004-05 797.97 2005-06 797.96 2006-07 1,089.82 2007-08 1,431.41
9.2.1. Trends in Receipt and Expenditure Figure 9.1 Trends in Receipt and Expenditure of Sambalpur Municipality
1,600.00 1,400.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00 Total Receipt Total Expenditure 2000-01 487.39 511.15 2001-02 645.74 504.15 2002-03 850.66 768.44 2003-04 934.70 1,053.15 2004-05 797.97 849.83 2005-06 797.96 849.82 2006-07 1,089.82 733.57 2007-08 1,431.41 1,398.53
Source : Sambalpur municipality Administrative Staff College of India
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From the above graph depicting trend in total receipt and expenditure it can be clearly seen that income is more than expenditure in 2001-02, 2002-03, 2006-07 and 2007-08. But during the years 2000-01, 2003-04 to 2005-06 the expenditure is more than the income.
9.2.2. Receipt The major source of receipt of the municipality is from Extraordinary & debts and Grant and contribution sources.
Table 9.2 Heads of receipt of Sambalpur Municipality

Heads of Receipt Rates Receipt Licence other fees Receipts under special Acts Revenue derived Municipal Properties powers Grants contribution general special purposes Miscelleneous Extraordinary & debts Total Receipt 487.39 645.74 850.66 934.70 797.97 797.96 1,089.82 1,431.41 97.02 1.26 83.62 1.71 170.60 17.37 230.93 29.31 114.05 39.51 114.05 39.51 185.50 39.29 190.80 52.00 and apart and for and 338.67 453.41 556.18 579.37 547.63 547.63 741.94 1,037.00 from from 16.91 70.94 50.81 38.30 34.02 34.02 39.92 46.70 0.33 0.67 0.86 0.07 0.41 0.41 0.47 0.60 and 21.04 21.77 25.70 33.42 40.03 40.03 41.89 61.11 and 12.16 13.62 29.14 23.31 22.31 22.31 40.81 43.20 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
from taxation
Source : Sambalpur municipality
9.2.2.1. Rates and Receipt
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The category of receipts coming under this head is from Tax on Holding, Water Tax, Light Tax, Latrine Tax and Tax on carriage. Holding Tax including Water and Light @ 10% is the following manner has been imposed in Sambalpur Municipality in accordance with section 131 of Orissa Municipal Act: Holding Tax @ 3% of annual value, Water Tax @ 3% of annual value, Light Tax @ 4% of annual value. The collection under this head has increased from Rs. 12.16 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs. 29.14 lakh in 2002-03, after that it has shown a decreasing trend till 2005-06. After which it has become almost doubled in 2006-07 to Rs. 40.81 lakh and Rs. 43.20 lakh in 2007-08. . Rates and Receipt contribute on an average 2.86 percent of the total receipt. Figure 9.2 Growth rate of revenue from rates and receipt
140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 (20.00) (40.00) 5.86 (4.29) 0.01 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007(20.01) 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Year 11.98 82.92 113.94
9.2.2.2. License and other fees The various sources of receipt which are clubbed under this head is licence fee collected for projection and erection, for offensive and dangerous trade etc., for public resort and other entertainment; and other fees (Entry Fees). Collection under this head has been showing an increasing trend in all the years of our analysis. It has increased from Rs. 21.04 lakh in 200001 to Rs. 61.11 lakh in 2007-08. But from the graph depicting growth trend it can be seen that the growth in 2003-04 and 2007-08 is very high and in 2000-01 and 2005-06 and 200607 is very low. Licence and other fees contribute on an average 4.05 percent of the total receipt. Major collection is made under Other fees (Entry Fees) and from Licence fee for offensive and dangerous trade etc..
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Figure 9.3 Growth rate of revenue from licence and other fees
50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 (10.00) 18.04 3.49 30.07 19.77
45.88
4.65 (0.01) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08
9.2.2.3. Receipt under Special Act Receipt under the following head consists of receipt from pound and receipt from ferry rent. Receipt of the municipality from this source is very low. It contributes only about 0.06 percent of the total receipt. Figure 9.4 Growth rate of receipt under special acts
600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 (100.00) (200.00) 99.06 1.23 14.63 27.66 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007(92.36) 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
512.99
29.75
9.2.2.4. Revenue from derived from Municipal Properties and powers apart from taxation Revenue collected under this head can be divided into the following heads: Fees & revenue from Educational Institution, Fees & revenue from Medical Institution, Fees & revenue from Markets maintenance by Municipality, Interest on investment. Collection under this head
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contributes only about 5.00 percent of total receipt. The graph given below clearly depicts how the receipt under this head has fall down after the year 2000-01. Figure 9.5 Growth rate of revenue from properties and powers apart from taxation
350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 (50.00) 17.34 16.98 (11.17)0.00 (28.37)(24.63) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08
319.48
9.2.2.5. Grants and contribution for general and special purposes Grants are the second major source of income for the municipality contributing upto 68.11 percent (on an average) of the total receipt of the municipality. Sambalpur Municipality is getting various types of grants from Govt. These can be classified into following sub-heads, i.e., grants received for General purpose, for educational Purpose, for maintenance of roads, and for other purposes. It can be seen from the table showing collection under all the heads of receipt that the grant and contribution amount is increasing every year except two years in which it is less from the last year figure., i.e., in 2004-05 and 2005-06. But from the graph given below it can be seen that though the amount received as grant is increasing each year, but the percentage of growth of each year in comparison to the last year is decreasing till 2004-05 and after that it has been increasing. It has increased from 338.67 lakh in 200001 to 1037.00 lakh in 2007-08.
Figure 9.6 Growth rate showing receipt under grant contribution

50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 (10.00) (0.00) (5.48) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08
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33.88 22.66
35.48
39.7
4.17
9.2.2.6. Miscellaneous The categories of incomes that are included under this head are fishery rent and other rent. This head of income contributes upto 17.07 percent of total receipt of the municipality. Figure 9.7 Growth rate of receipt under miscellaneous head
120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 2.8 (0.00) (13.81) (20.00) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08 (40.00) (50.61) (60.00) 0.00 35.37 62.65 104.01
9.2.2.7. Extraordinary & debts

Source : i9ncluded under this Various types of loans, advances and deposits of the municipality are Sambalpur municipality
head. This head contributes upto 2.86 percent of the total receipt of the municipality.
Figure 9.8 Growth rate of receipt from extraordinary & debt

1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00 (200.00) 68.73 34.83 (0.01) (0.56) 32.3 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08 35.76
917.91
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Figure 9.9 Percentage of Share of each head of income to total income in the year 2006-07, 2007-08
2006-07 Rates and Receipt
Licence and other fees
4% 17% 4% 4% 0% 4%
Receipts under special Acts Revenue from derived from Municipal Properties and powers apart from taxation Grants and contribution for general and special purposes Miscelleneous
67%
Extraordinary & debts
2007-08
Rates and Receipt
Licence and other fees
4% 13% 4% 3% 0% 3%
Receipts under special Acts Revenue from derived from Municipal Properties and powers apart from taxation Grants and contribution for general and special purposes Miscelleneous
73%
Extraordinary & debts
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9.2.3. Expenditure The major heads under which the expenditure is made by the municipality are public health, public convenience and miscellaneous heads.
Table 9.3 Heads of expenditure of Sambalpur Municipality

Details of
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Expenditure General Administration Collection taxes & fees Pensions Gratuities Public Safety Public Health Medical Public Convenience Public Institution Miscelleneous Extra Ordinary & Debts Total Expenditure 511.15 504.15 768.44 1,053.15 849.83 849.82 733.57 1,398.53 105.05 29.80 96.17 18.68 142.84 54.04 249.49 102.04 189.96 15.60 190.00 15.59 90.52 28.35 274.35 36.30 60.22 61.09 69.61 75.73 58.44 58.00 29.61 96.32 16.10 143.46 13.47 78.11 13.58 164.50 16.68 49.80 37.35 208.98 16.28 128.00 41.12 290.00 17.89 185.39 37.50 206.27 13.31 219.95 37.50 206.26 13.31 220.37 68.38 227.40 12.34 154.78 79.00 423.60 18.45 312.15 & 13.12 30.23 48.32 30.01 47.27 47.27 47.47 70.66 of 28.13 26.66 26.51 31.40 25.58 25.57 24.72 37.48 23.70 26.76 36.51 30.10 35.95 35.95 50.00 50.22
9.2.3.1. General Administration Expenses relating to employees are clubbed under this head. Expenses like Office Establishment, Contingencies, Dearness Allowance, Travelling Allowance and Leave Salary & pension contribution are forming part of this head of expenditure. Out of the total expenditures of the municipality, about 4.55 percent are spent towards General Administration. It has almost doubled during the eight year period of our analysis. It has increased from Rs. 23.70 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs. 50.22 lakh in 2007-08.
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Figure 9.10 Growth rate of revenue from rates and receipt

50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 (10.00) (20.00) (30.00) 12.88 0.4 0.00 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04(17.55) 05 06 07 08 36.45 19.42 39.08
9.2.3.2. Collection of taxes & fees The heads of expenditures which are clubbed under this major head are establishment, Convenience allowance, Dearness Allowance. The expense made under this head is 3.66 percent of total expenditure of the municipality. The expenditure made under this head is showing an oscillating trend. Figure 9.11 Growth rate of Expenditure under head collection of taxes and fees 60.00 51.6 50.00
40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 (10.00) (20.00) (30.00) (0.03) (3.32) (0.58) (5.20) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05(18.54) 06 07 08 18.44
9.2.3.3. Pensions & Gratuities Near about 5.04 percent of the total expenditure of the Sambalpur Municipality is spend towards pension and gratuities. During the year 2003-04, it is Rs. 30.01 lakh, from which it has increased by 50 percent in 2004-05 (Rs. 47.27 lakh). During the year 2007-08, it is Rs. Source : Sambalpur municipality 70.66 lakh.
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Figure 9.12 Growth rate of Expenditure under head pension and gratuities
140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 (20.00) (40.00) (60.00) 130.39
59.84
57.54
48
200102
200203
2003- 200404(37.90) 05
(0.01) 0.42 2005- 2006- 200706 07 08
9.2.3.4. Public Safety Sambalpur Municipality is diverting about 4.80 percent of total expenditure towards lighting establishment and equipment. From the year 2004-05 to 2007-08 it can be seen that the amount spent under this head has almost doubled.
Figure 9.13 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public safety
200.00 175.11 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 (50.00) 15.5 0.01 (8.81) (15.66) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08 10.10
82.35
9.2.3.5. Public Health The various heads of expenditures, which are clubbed under this main head are Establishment charges; Epidemic charges; Fairs & Festivals & Exhibition; expenses made under Drainage & Sewerage works; expenses made under Water supply & water works; and expenses towards Conservancy, Latrine & Urinals Road watering & road cleaning, Markets. This is the major head of expenditure of the municipality. On an average 28.16 percent of total expenditure belongs to this head of expenditure. Expenditure under this head has increased from Rs. 143.46 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs. 423.60 lakh in 2007-08.
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Figure 9.14 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public health
100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 (20.00) (40.00) 27.04 10.25 (0.01) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05 06 07 08 (28.87)
86.2
38.77 14.67
9.2.3.6. Medical The expenses made towards maintaining and carrying out the activities of the Homeopathy Dispensary, Medical Khetrajpur, and Maternity & Child welfare centre are clubbed under this head. On an average near about 1.99 % of the total expenditure are incurred for medical.
Figure 9.15 Growth rate of Expenditure under medical

60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 (10.00) (20.00) (30.00) Source : Sambalpur municipality 200102 23.83 9.90 (2.43) 2002- 200303 04 200405 (0.03) (7.29) 2005- 2006- 200706 07 08 49.5
(25.56)
9.2.3.7. Public Convenience Expenditure for pound, Planting & preservation of trees on roads and public places and maintenance of public gardens, Swimming Pool, Abating offensive & dangerous trades and public works like Establishment, Building, Road, Stores and Plant, Burning & Burial grounds are clubbed under this head. Out of the total expenditure 19.33 percent are spent under this
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head. Expenditure under this head has increased from Rs. 49.80 lakh in 2001-02 to Rs. 312.15 lakh in 2007-08.
Figure 9.16 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public convenience
200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 (50.00) 44.83 18.65 0.19 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007(29.76) 02(36.24) 03 04 05 06 07 08 157.03 101.
9.2.3.8. Public Institution The expenses made towards Primary Education, Secondary and other education, Libraries & reading rooms, Misc. contribution, U.B.S. are clubbed under this head. Near about 8.10 percent of the total expenditure are made under this head. It has increased from Rs. 60.22 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs. 75.73 lakh in 2003-04. However after that it has reduced to Rs. 58.44 lakh in 2004-05, Rs. 58.00 lakh in 2005-06, Rs. 29.61 lakh in 2006-07. However during the year 2007-08 it is very high, nearing about Rs. 96.32 lakh, which can be clearly seen from the graph given below. Figure 9.17 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head public institution
Growth Rate of Expenditure under the head Public Institution

225.30
250.00 200.00 Gr 150.00 ow th 100.00 Ra te 50.00
Series1
13.95 8.78 (0.75) 1.46 (22.83) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007(48.95) (50.00) Source : Sambalpur municipality04 05 06 07 08 02 03 0.00 (100.00) Year
9.2.3.9. Miscellaneous
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Expenses towards Interest on Loans, Law Charges, Stationery & Printing, Provident Fund, Election, Census, Contribution for treatment of Municipal Employees in recognised sanitoria for laprosy and T.B. etc., Unforseen and extra ordinary charges are clubbed under Miscellaneous head. The expenditure percentage to total expenditure is 19.82 percent. Figure 9.18 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head miscellaneous
250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 (50.00) (100.00)
203.
48.54
74.66
0.02 (8.46) (23.86) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007(52.36) 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
9.2.3.10. Extra Ordinary & Debts Repayment of loans, advances and debts are coming under this group. Near about 4.55 percent of total expenditure are made towards repayment of loans, advances and debts.
Figure 9.19 Growth rate of Expenditure under the head extraordinary & dept
250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 (50.00) (100.00) 88.82 81.85 189.35
28. (0.04) (37.32) 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 200702 03 04 05(84.72) 06 07 08
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Figure 9.20 Graph showing Percentage of Share of each head of expenditure to total expenditure in the year 2006-07, 2007-08
2006-07
General Administration Collection of taxes & fees Pensions & Gratuities
3% 12% 4% 21% 2% 32% 4% 7% 6% 9%
Public Safety Public Health Medical Public Convenience Public Institution Miscelleneous Extra Ordinary & Debts
9.3. Upcoming Projects Details UDISSMT The water supply to uncovered areas of Sambalpur town is carried out under UDISSMT project. The cost of the project is Rs. 9.67 crores. Sanitation Work For improvement of sanitation system in the city project is carried out by the Municipality with a project cost of Rs. 5.93 crores. Solid waste management project is carried out with a Project cost of Rs. 2.55 crores. Road, Bridge & Parking slots DPR approvel has been received for the above project with a cost of Rs. 58.62 crores. Preservation & Development of water boards and water reserve system The cost approval received for the above project is Rs. 7.84 crores. Urban Renewal and heritage conservation The cost approval received for the above project is Rs. 8.83 crores.
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9.4. Fixed Assets No fixed asset registers is maintained by the Municipality for movable and immovable assets and information about fixed assets scattered in different departments. In regard to some assets Sambalpur Municipality has no proper records available. However, these assets need to be verified and valued and a fixed asset register need to be prepared. Identification of all assets and valuation thereof is required to arrive the correct net worth of the Municipality. As per the available information, the following are some of the fixed assets:
Table 9.4 Asset Municipal Building & Quarters Hospital (Allopathic-2, Homepathic-1) Park Swimingpool Boating Club Ponds Primary School Market Stall Dumper Tractor Tractor 407 Tata 407 dead body carrier Ladder Container Cesspool Drain cleaner with water tanker Roller Water Tanker Car Commander Rajdoot Motor Cycles J D 315 (JVC) Damage Condition Bobcat Tempoo 1 13 63 3 5 1 1 28 32 5 623 2 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1
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9.5. Property Tax There is a need to improve the coverage, assessment mechanism and collection efficiency of property tax for improved resource mobilization. The current system of assessment, i.e., based on Annual Rental Value (ARV) should be revised. Sambalpur Municipality can not assess new properties or increase tax rates without converting to the new system. Therefore, the Municipality should start the process of implementing assessment on Unit Area Basis as early as possible. This would require drafting of bye-laws, which will lay down the guidelines for a more rational assessment based on assessment or property values and level of infrastructure available in different zones. The bye-laws are need to spell out clearly the enforcement rules and penalty clauses for non-compliance. For the purpose of the reforms in this area, the following short- to medium-term interventions will need to be taken up.
Interventions Required 1. Filing of returns by the property owners/occupiers 3. Conducting a detailed house to house survey of properties within the municipal area. 4. Property identification code to each property and Zoning of city on the basis of rates; 5. Computerization of holding tax, rentals from municipal markets, and license records; 6. Strengthening grievance redressal and dispute resolution mechanism at the ULB level 7. Organizing tax payers education program and area camps /awareness camps for citizens 8. Computerizing statement. 9. Developing an effective MIS for monitoring property tax at various administrative levels. 10. Organizing training programs for municipal personnel on property tax reforms. demand/collection register and preparation of reconciliation
Key Issues 1. Presently, Sambalpur Municipality is following cash-based single entry system of accounting for maintaining its daily transactions using registers and formats prescribed under the Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953. Municipal accounts are maintained manually. All transactions are first entered in the cash book, then they are posted into the head-wise abstract register. At the year end a statement of income and expenditure is prepared from the abstract register. All the limitations of the single entry accounting system are prevailing in
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the current scenario. Revenue and capital items are not distinguished. Receivables, payables, non-cash items of expenditure are never considered. The cash book maintained by the accountant records all the cash receipts by the Municipality and all payments whether by cash or bank by the Municipality. The cash book does not take into account all the receipts through bank. All the bank receipts (mainly from Govt. grants) are recorded in a separate cheques receipt book. The receipt and payments made through bank are not considered for preparing the statement of income and expenditure. 2.The municipality is yet to adopt the double entry system of accounting . 3. The pay-roll accounting and the stores/inventory are managed by different sections. 4.The annual statement records are not prepared. 5. Cash-based single entry system of accounting for maintaining its daily transactions using registers and formats prescribed under the Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953 is being followed. 6.Revenues are recorded only when cash or cheques are received; 7. Expenditures are recorded only when payments are made in respect thereof; Receivables arising due to demand raised are not recorded in the accounting system; 8.The classification between capital and revenue items of receipts and expenditures is not maintained; 9.Municipal accounts are maintained manually. All transactions are first entered in the cash book, then they are posted into the head-wise abstract register. At the year end a statement of income and expenditure is prepared from the abstract register. 10. Revenue and capital items are not distinguished. Receivables, payables, non-cash items of expenditure are never considered. The cash book records only the transaction of receipt and payment in cash. 11. The accounting system is not computerized.
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12. The Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is yet to be supported by a complete set of municipal finance rules, thus the SM is following the old sets of registers and forms, prescribed under the Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953. 13. No fixed asset registers are maintained. 14. Though there is a staff advance register available in the Municipality, but it is not maintained properly. 15. At present the Municipality is maintaining 21 Bank Accounts. The accounting of bank transactions concerning the municipal fund is recorded in the cashbook . 16. Budgeting is done on an incremental basis and there is no scientific methodology of forecasting both revenue and expenditure. The budget documents are not user friendly. There is no multi year budget for capital expenditure which is spread over multi years. Budget is not used as financial management tool or for performance monitoring. 17.Expenditure on works is taken up according to the budget figures which are not properly backed by the flow of revenue as a result the payments of contractors for completed works get delayed due to insufficient funds and those payments are generally deferred and paid out of the next years annual revenue. At the same time, next years budget is also prepared with fund for next years new assignments. This leads to a liquidity crunch situation. 18. Year-end reconciliations are not carried out where necessary. No reconciliations are made for advances given and adjusted with the cashbook and the advance ledgers. 19. The municipality is not conducting any physical verification of stocks and fixed assets. 20. Information in regard to various assets is scattered, and also in regard to some assets SM no proper records are available. However, these assets need to be verified and valued before they are considered in the assets register. 21. Accounting information is scattered between the finance and account section, and the other sections like holding section, license section, engineering section, etc.
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22. No formal Management Information System (MIS) reports are being generated. However, under specific requirements of senior functionaries, the section officials collate information and provide them as and when required. 24. There is no system of maintaining depreciation fund for any assets, which may create a liquidity crunch situation in case of asset breakdown. 25. There is no cash management, receivable management, inventory management and expenditure management system. 26. Though internal control system is in place, some changes are required for a transparent and better financial management. 27. The staff involved in financial management is not properly trained.
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CHAPTER 10.
Strategic Action Plan & City Investment Plan
10.1 SWOT Analysis Based on the analysis in previous chapters, a SWOT analysis of the city is conducted and presented as below:
Strength Main Business center in the entire district Good connectivity by road and Rail It is the hub of the handy crafts of Sambalpur and adjoining districts Sambalpur agglomeration is the educational center Culture and heritage Availability of surplus water Opportunity Catchment area of Hirakund dam Well connected to capital of the state Expansion possibility beyond the city
Weakness Poor Infrastructure in the city Concentration of slums and Density in the slums is high Municipal finance is in weak position and arrears are increasing Lack of transparency in city governance and less coordination with other departments No revision of master plan
Threats Earthquake prone area falls in zone 3 No scope of expansion in the city High population growth and increasing slums with low access infrastructure Migration from sub urban area Political influence Lack of human resource in every department of the city High poverty Increasing crime related to women
10.2 Vision Statement
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To make Sambalpur a clean and green and slum free city and a residential and cultural hub for surrounding industrial areas providing IT and information, education and health services.
10.3 Projection of Future Population The projection by means of Geometric Progression Method which comes to around 3.8 lakhs population in 2031 has been taken into consideration for all the sector future requirements projections. The CDP has adopted higher figure in view of suggestion from the municipality that the population of the municipality was higher than the one indicated by the Census 2001 and the same was communicated to the Census Office for revision. The future population is expected to be higher in view of the growth potential as well as the suggested new figure for 2001. Table 10.1 Population projection Year Population
Geometric Progression Method
Arithmetic Progression Method
Incremental Increase
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2008 2011 2021 2031
38,195 64,675 1,10,282 1,31,138 1,54,164 173973 208560 308926 381705 165689 182976 220432 240601 165434 182065 216974 235133
10.4 Strategic Action Plan
10.4.1 Strategies for Water Supply The water supply demand today is 24 MLD but due to rapid growth in population and increasing city area the demand in year 2024 is estimated to be around 40 MLD. Though the city has adequate source and a treatment plant of capacity 40MLD, there are certain area which needs attention for efficient water supply. Therefore to meet the demand and to give 100% coverage of piped water supply to the city the following strategies can be adopted:
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Enhancing the storage capacity: As the city has only 8 storage tanks with a total capacity of around 8 MLD and only two ESRs there is a need to construct a new storage tanks. Most of the city is given water supply by direct pumping, which in turn increases the power consumption. By the construction of new ESR the water distribution can take place by gravity system and the problem of direct pumping and storage of water can be avoided.
Reducing NRW: The present NRW is 40 %, which is very high in comparison to the benchmark of 15%-20%.. There are a significant proportion of illegal connections, which are yet to be regularized. The un-metered connections need to be dealt with progressively so that they are bought under metering system. This calls for addressing issues such as nonrevenue water, metering, improving collection system etc. The pressure loss in the mains is a significant problem due to which a large chunk of household connect pumps directly to taps, which cause inequitable distribution of water.
Increasing Coverage and Access: As discussed earlier the city has a surplus amount of treated water but still 2 wards do not have piped coverage. The slums, which comprises 50% of the city population, are served by stand posts. There is a need to extend the distribution lines to the uncovered area and to provide individual connections or group connections to the slum dwellers. Enhancing the distribution system: There is an immediate need for the enhancement of the existing distribution system. Since large chunk of the pipe lines are old and are in dilapidated condition which in turn responsible for loss of pressure, contamination and NRW. New technology like SCADA system can be used and also water supply distribution can be integrated to GIS. Targeting subsidies to the poor: Providing water supply to the poor is major issue in the town most of the slums are served by public stand post and there is very less individual or group connections. The subsidies in the capital cost or connection cost for the poor can be provided for complete coverage of piped water supply to the slum. Realistic pricing and cost recovery: There is an immediate need for revising the tariff structure. It is recommended to install bulk meter and individual meters. Introducing GIS and IT should increase efficiency of billing and collection. The billing and collection can be entrusted to private operator based on incentives and targets. The incentive mechanism for the end user should be introduced to promote the willingness to pay on time.
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Converting intermittent supply to 24X7 supply: Sambalpur city has the potential to provide 24X7 water supply with equitable pressure. There are three hills in the city and 60% of the distribution takes place form these hills through gravity. There is an immediate need for increasing the storage capacity of the reservoirs present on these hills to provide water supply to entire city through gravity. A PPP model can be adopted for 24X7 water supply. Regulatory measures for ground water use: There is a need to develop an emergency response strategy to meet fast depleting of ground water sources. There is a need to establish a suitable regulatory mechanism to protect the ground water sources from being exploited with measures like issue of permissions, controlled use, and levy of appropriate taxes for commercial use etc. Ground water sources are expected to get further depleted in the years to come if such measures are not taken affecting the society at large at the cost of private bore well owners. Moreover, such regulatory measures would contribute towards the augmentation of underground aquifers. Water harvesting measures: There is a need to promote water-harvesting measures to conserve and improve the ground water table. Institutional Accountability: Currently water supply and sewerage in Sambalpur is completely managed by the Public Health & Engineering Organisation. According to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act these functions are entrusted to the urban local bodies and it is mandatory to comply with the same under the UIDSSMT program. Hence the city should formulate a strategy and mechanisms to make the water supply delivery accountable to the Sambalpur Municipality.
10.4.2 Strategies for Sewerage and Sanitation An analysis of the sewerage sector reveals that sewerage network coverage is very low (5%) particularly in the extension areas and newly developed areas. The slum population and the poor lack safe sanitation facilities and are prone to health related diseases. The treatment of sewerage is not done resulting in discharge of untreated sewage into the natural streams thus polluting water bodies. In addition there are no facilities for wastewater recycling and reuse. Preparation of comprehensive sewerage master plan
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To meet the current gap and future requirements of Sambalpur, there is a need to prepare a Comprehensive Sewerage Master Plan. cities is to be carried out. To undertake this task, there is a need for effective coordination among various departments involved in the development activities and service delivery such as Sambalpur Municipality, Sambalpur Urban Development Authority (SUDA), Public Health & Engineering Department Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWS&SB), Orissa State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB) and Association of Developers. Implementation of this plan would ensure enhanced quality of life to the citizens of the city. Complete topographical survey of twin
Improvement to the existing sewerage system Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWS&SB) has proposed the integrated Sewerage and drainage system for greater Sambalpur the projects priority in the National Development Plan/Public investment program. This project is under the objectives of 10th five year plan to provide better infrastructures in terms of minimum drinking water supply and sewerage and sanitation services to the uncovered areas of all urban local bodies accordingly, in the 1st phase it is proposed to provide sewerage system in four major cities of state namely, Bhuvenashwar,Cuttack,Berhampur and Sambalpur. With an estimated investment of Rs. 298.00 crores. The above proposals should be implemented speedily with timely allocation of funds. Achieving 100 percent under ground drainage: The Sambalpur city should aim to provide 100 percent UGD in the long run. To achieve this, a master plan should be first prepared and based on the master plan proposals and schemes should be formulated for 100 percent coverage. Provision of UGD lines needs to be mandated for developing new layouts. This will lead to fast expansion of UGD and passing on part of the capital costs to the beneficiaries who would in any case have invested in individual septic tank systems. Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plant: The design year for the sewerage plan may be taken as 2031 with a projected population of 3.8 lakhs. With a per capita water supply rate of 135 lpcd as per the CPHEEO norms, and assuming that 80 percent of the water
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supply will be returned as sewerage, the sewerage generation in 2031 shall be 55MLD. Thus the STP shall be designed for the flow of 55 MLD. Setting up of decentralized and Mini Sewerage Treatment Plants primary and secondary or primary, secondary and tertiary along the sewerage line at reasonable distances, say 5 km, should be considered. Such recycled water can be used locally for public gardens and green areas, irrigation, industrial application or it can be let into the storm water drains. Protection of Natural Water Bodies: Sambalpur has significant number of natural water bodies. These water bodies are getting dried up due to encroachments and are becoming sewage ponds due to indiscriminate letting of sewerage. There is an urgent need to protect and restore these natural water bodies. For Improving sanitation coverage: As evident from the analysis of current situation the sanitation status in the city is quite poor. There is an immediate need to provide public toilets in the city as well as in slums. There is a need to under take extensive awareness campaign to ensure better sanitation in the city.
10.4.3 Strategies for Storm Water Drains The condition of storm water drainage is very poor and the following strategies can be adopted for improvement:
Preparation of Comprehensive Master Plan There is a need to prepare a comprehensive storm water drains master plan and it can incorporate the following aspects. Desiltation of the existing natural drains and nallha Proper management for the maintenance of the drains 100% coverage in the city
Rehabilitation of the Existing Storm Water Drainage System The existing open drains may be progressively converted into covered and pacca drains. Scheme should be drawn up for the provision of storm water drains in the uncovered areas to achieve 100 percent coverage
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Identification of flood prone areas and designing and implementing flood mitigation strategies with a focus on the poor Establishing a Geographical Information System (GIS) incorporating all the basic data to facilitate setting up and managing of an effective storm water drainage system for the city. Such an information system is the need of the hour. It can be established probably with the help of an agency like Orissa Remote Sensing Agency of the Government of Orissa or any other competent agency.
10.4.4. Strategies for Solid Waste Management Till date there no solid waste management master plan is prepared for the city. Therefore following strategies can be implemented for effective SWM
Preparation of Comprehensive Master Plan A comprehensive solid waste management strategic plan is prepared for the Sambalpur Municipality. Comprehensive SWM plan Whish highlights the following aspects: Strategies for improvement of collection: o Phased implementation of door to door collection system by mobilizing, facilitating, organizing and supporting community activities and with the help of NGOs o Placing of adequate community storage bins in areas where house to house collection cannot be implemented o Expanding voluntary garbage disposal scheme for more number of restaurants/hotels and commercial establishments and collection of user charges o Placement of adequate dumper placers in sufficient number at markets for ensuring that all vendors place the waste in the containers Reuse and recycle of the waste: The bio degradable/ organic waste segregated at the decentralized secondary storage centers should be processed to make compost. Waste to Energy options through PPP/ BOOT model should be explored. Since the feasibility of these options are based on market linkages, climatic conditions, quantity and composition of waste collected, etc. actual options of waste processing should be finalized by municipality in consultation with the consultants/ partner who would be implementing it.
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Identification of the waste disposal site & closure of existing dumping site: The existing dumping yards are located near the human settlements. These may be closed once a proper and scientific landfill facility is developed. Hence there is a need to scientifically close the existing dumping yards in a way it is safe and aesthetically appealing to the public at large.
Source segregation & storage of the waste: The waste collected from door-to-door should be deposited either at the nearest segregation and composting site or at the nearest transfer site. The utility jeeps/ tippers should be used for collection of waste from the Collection Bins at the transfer points. The dumper placers could be used to lift the dumper bins placed at various locations. The waste collected is then transported, segregated and temporarily stored at the secondary storage centers. These secondary storage centers should be provided at various locations. The waste should be segregated as per the following categories for resale, composting and disposal at landfill site.
Levy of User Charges: Since most of the initiatives are on a Public Private Partnership model, part of the costs incurred toward the investments and expenditure should be recovered through user fee from all the properties including households and commercial establishments. The interests of the low-income groups, the poor and the vulnerable shall be protected while deciding on the user charges.
Night sweeping: For better hygienic condition in public places and roads the night sweeping should be encouraged. PPP model should be adopted for this purpose.
10.4.5. Strategies for Traffic and transportation As evident the traffic and transportation condition in the city is pathetic and not meeting the desirable standards therefore following strategies can be implemented to enhance the condition of the sector: Improvement and redevelopment of the Routs: The roads are always flooded with traffic in the city as there is no proper width of roads and moreover they are encroached. There is an immediate need for providing diversions, One ways, walk ways and no entry for heavy vehicle
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Introduction of traffic signals: as evident there is no traffic signals present in the city .it is recommended that there must be traffic signals on each junction
Improvement of traffic islands and junctions: Junctions are transit points for traffic. If they are designed and managed well there will be smooth transfer of traffic at the junctions. Otherwise, the junctions themselves could cause hindrance to the traffic and become a traffic hazard both to the motorists and vulnerable road users. 4 important junctions in Sambalpur need urgent improvement.
Removal of encroachment and provide separate vending zones: As most of the informal sector activity talks place on the roadside resulting in the congestion of the roads. There is an immediate need for providing the separate vending zones.
Road widening: There is a need for the road widening in the entire city. Introduction of public transport system: As there no public transport system in the city and population is just depending upon the shared auto and hired auto .So there is need to have a public transport system for the residents to commute with in the city. This will also help in reducing the volume of traffic plying on the existing roads.
Improving bus stops and bus stand: Bus stops and bus stands are in pathetic conditions they should be addressed. There is call for having a master plan for the providing and enhancing the bus stops and bus stand. This can be done under PPP model.
Parking development: Parking facilities are better operated privately even when they are publicly owned. At present, there are no proper parking facilities anywhere in the city. With increasing vehicular population there is a positive risk that capacity of many urban roads may be restricted by parked vehicles which will further lead to congestion. Therefore, parking lots have to be created at all major points of vehicle congregation like markets, places of entertainment, etc. The aim ought to be to convert main consumer goods market areas into pedestrian plazas during peak hours by banning entry of vehicles.
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Parking on the streets at night by car owners who do not possess their own parking facilities (garages) needs to be regulated now before it becomes an accepted practice. Other wise streets will become parking lots at night. Neighborhood parking lots need to be mandated for all new layouts as common facilities. Industrial areas need to be provided with common parking areas.
Construction of flyovers and over bridges Integrating the existing railway as a mode of urban transport in the City : The existing railway line which runs through the center of the city connecting Hirakund and Jharsuguda and talcher.As Jharsuguda is developing as an industrial hum there is bright chance of Sambalpur to convert into a residential hub Therefore a mono rail network can be developed using the existing tracks.
Construction of the Ring Road: as there is an peripheral connectivity by NH-4 and NH-42 a ring road can be proposed for the efficient transportation
10.4.6. Strategies for Slum Improvement In Sambalpur city more then 50% population is residing in slums with very high density and low basic infrastructure facilities as discussed earlier. To over come these issues the following strategies can be implemented: Comprehensive development Plan for the slums Land tenure polices Measures taken to avoid encroachment Supporting and strengthening the local and community based institution Rehabilitation and Improvement Ensure that every household living in slums has access to basic services Improve overall health status through preventive and curative community based methods
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Increase the education status by making critical innovative interventions Enable long-term sustenance of Integrated Slum Development Program through community participation in planning, implementation, management and financial contribution.
Integrate municipal, state and NGO/private sector initiatives. Increase and reinforce earning skills of slum residents and design appropriate livelihood options
Increase options and infrastructure for increasing incomes Enable savings and access to formal credit and reduce dependence on private moneylenders
10.4.7 Strategies for Urban Environment Improvement plan for the ground water and water bodies Use of pollution free public transport Water harvesting and lessen the impervious surface Rainwater harvesting and maintenance of individual premises hygienic and pollution free should be encouraged and strictly followed, as per the act. Environmental planning should be part and parcel of city planning. Green belt areas should be incorporated between the industrial and surrounding zones. This will limit residential and other areas expanding closer to the industries. Active peoples participation should be made compulsory in the decision making of all developmental activities. 30% of the funds shall be allocated to the O&M of the existing facilities for sustained performance.
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Sewage treatment plant should be set up and the city be made 100% UGD. Treated wastewater may be utilized for afforestation.
Major open drains/ nallahs shall be upgraded. The MoEF notification dated 14.09.06 which requires environmental impact assessment studies and environmental clearance from environmental impact assessment authority for any developmental projects especially building and construction activities of more than 20,000 sq.mtrs and less than 1,50, 000 or development of townships, villages should be effectively implemented.
Effective strategies for processing of solid wastes such as composting, production of pellets, power etc should be implmented. Empahsis should be given to marketing of the products so as to genrate revenue.
Sewerage and industrial waste can be treated and sold to agricultural farmers and industrial units.
Attention should be paid to treatment of electronic waste that may be gernated due to growth of software companies in the future.
Use of plastics bags should be banned and recycling and reuse of plastics should be promoted through public awareness campaigns particularly targeting the school children.
Scientific management of bio-medical waste should be promoted to meet the requirements
The water bodies and green areas around the city should be preserved and protected.
Regulatory measures should be introduced and awareness campaigns conducted to minimize the use of plastics.
10.4.8.Strategies Health
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To create an Epidemic Control Cell for Sambalpur for efficient coordination in combating epidemics.
City Health Committee should be constituted involving all stakeholders of government and private health services for efficient coordination in providing such services.
Bio medical waste management should be taken up by private sector participation. Stray dogs and other domestic animals are one of the major causes of health and environmental problems in the city. Steps should be taken for properly managing and rehabilitating them.
All hotels should be registered and regular health check ups of the hotel staff including cooking and serving staff should be made mandatory.
Vacancies in the Municipality maintained hospitals have to be filled. There is need providing More No. Of medical health facilities.
10.4.9.Strategies for Local Economic Development The development of any city depends upon the economic activity of the city and to improve the economic activity the following strategies can be applicable: Provision of frame work for improvement of infrastructure: As the city is growing in a rapid pace with increasing population there is a call to improve and provide basic services and infrastructure facilities to the city. It is of immediate concern to develop projects and institutional framework to promote sustainable city. Giving scope to gearing industrialization towards Jharsuguda: As evident by the city assessment the neighboring district, Jharsuguda is developing industries like mushrooms and there is a constant development of the corridor connecting the two cities. In the near future Sambalpur is likely to become a residential hub therefore there is an immediate requirement of providing the residential complexes and other residential facilities.
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Provision of policies promoting the growth towards Jharsuguda: To promote the natural growth towards Jharsuguda this is the time to take call on promoting connectivity through local trains or Road public transport. There is also a need to draft policy regarding the land conversion on the corridor connecting the two cities.
Utilizing the potential of catchments area of Hira Kund Dam for tourism development: As there is huge area down stream of dam in Sambalpur city one can promote river front development. This can act as the tourist destination for Sambalpur.
Promote art and culture: As evident the art and culture is getting lost in and around the city therefore it of prime importance to promote and provide platform to this distinct art and culture.
Improvement of real estate by providing policies favorable to it: As fast as city is getting urbanized there is an immediate need to provide a boost to the Real estate sector.
Introducing new educational hubs: As of now Burla is the educational hub for Sambalpur and most of the people migrate out for the higher studies. Sambalpur can become an educational hub by providing Technical and non-technical universities and also institute providing training and workshop for developing local art, culture and craft.
Connecting the city by Air (providing the Airport): The only airport which connects Sambalpur is in Bhuvaneshwar which is 300 Km away and takes 6 Hours to reach and another is in Raipur in Chattisgargh which almost 8 to 9 hours away. It is felt there is an immense need to provide airport to the city as the vision suggest the city will be a global city in fact there is an airstrip, which can be used to develop as an airport.
Promoting Cluster Based Activities :The key economic activities that have potential for growth in Sambalpur are agro based trade, small-scale industry, Art and Local craft . A cluster-based approach should be adopted by allocating land and infrastructure at appropriate places. Right kind of incentives and support should be provided.
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CHAPTER 11.
City Investment Plan
The city investment plan has covered the key infrastructure areas of water supply, sewerage and sanitation, storm water drains, solid waste management, traffic and transportation, disaster mitigation mechanisms and slum development and urban poverty reduction. Practical and strategic gender needs are addressed in the project. The lack of basic infrastructure services especially water and sanitation have a more negative impact on women. Better access to and coverage of water supply and sanitation, improved markets, roads and environmental sanitation will benefit women , who are especially disadvantaged by inadequate basic services. The project envisages the integration of gender concerns in all sectors, the development and implementation of gender action plans and separate funds for women development programmes as articulated in the City Development Plan. The participation of women will be ensured at all levels.
11.1. Investment Plan Sambalpur City The total city investment plan (CIP) for the city is expected to be Rs. 364 crores. Nearly 75% of the total funds are allocated for water supply, sewerage, storm water drains .The detail is given in table below. Table 11.1 Allocation of funds for CIP Sector Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Storm Water Drains Solid Waste Management Traffic and Transportation Slum Development and Urban Poverty Reduction Disaster management Gender development Environment Total City Investment Plan 4.25 2.00 7.00 364 1.16 .55 1.92 100 39.75 10.92 Amount (Rs Crores) 145.50 80.00 26.50 26.00 32.75 % To Total 40 21.99 7.28 7.14 9
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11.1.1 Financing Arrangement for Sambalpur It is expected that the JBIC would contrubute around Rs 240 crores while the remaining 518 crores could come from UIDSSMT scheme.
Table 11.2 Agencies considered for Contribution of funds Agency JBIC and other sources UIDSSMT ULB/ parastatal/ Pvt (10 percent of Rs 124 crores) State (10 percent of Rs 124 crores) GoI (80 percent of Rs124crores) Total 11.1.2 Implementation mechanism for CDP The ULB with support from SUDA should set up a CDP monitoring committee comprising of 1-15 members from elected representatives, officials from key departments and civil society members. The Committee should be headed by the Chairperson. The city should establish a CDP cell comprising of 3 or 4 senior officials from the ULB to act as the Secretariat for the CDP monitoring committee. The city with support from Housing and Urban Development Department should set up a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to implement CDP as well as reforms under the UIDSSMT. The city should organize a donor consultation to disseminate the CDP and mobilize resources. 11.2. Identified projects in each sectors and Roles of responsibilities of institutions for implementing the projects proposed under City Investment Plan 11.2.1. Water Supply Table 11.3 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Water Supply Project name Project components Amount (Rs Crores) 1.50 Institution responsible PHEO Remarks Infrastructure (Rs cr) 240 124 24.80 99.20 364
Water sector reforms
Simplification of procedures, asset Management through
Newly proposed under CDP
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Master plan preparation
NRW reduction
Energy audit Short term improvement plan Long term improvement plan Total 11.2.2 Sewerage
GIS, MIS center, communication strategy, Capacity building Program, grievance redressal system etc. Preparation of a comprehensive master plan integrated with GIS. Leak detection Study and measures, equipments, meetering Detailed Study and measures Extension of pipeline network to uncovered wards Construction of service reservoirs 30ML 24X7 water supply 3 phase
0.50
PHEO/OWSSB
1.50
PHEO
Newly proposed under CDP Newly proposed under CDP Submitted under UIDSSMT Proposed under JBIC funding
1.00 10.00
PHEO PHEO
5.00 126.00 145.50
PHEO PHEO
Table 11.4 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Sewerage Project name Master plan preparation Public awareness and communication Comprehensive sewerage system Sewerage Treatment Plan Recycle and reuse of water Total
Project components Preparation of a comprehensive master plan Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns 100% coverage of sewerage network Design and construction Treatment plant and distribution system
Amount (Rs Crores) 0.50
Institution responsibility PHEO/OWSSB
Remarks Newly proposed under CDP Newly proposed under CDP Submitted under JBIC Bank Scheme Submitted under JBIC Bank Scheme Newly proposed under CDP
0.50
OWSSB
65.00
OWSSB
6.00
OWSSB
8.00
OWSSB
80.00
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11.2.4. Storm Water Drainage Table 11.5 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Storm Water Drainage Project name Master plan preparation Project components Preparation of a comprehensive master plan Amount (Rs Crores) 0.50 Institution responsibility Water Resources Department and Works Department Water Resources Department and Works Department Water Resources Department and Works Department Water Resources Department and Works Department Water Resources Department and Works Department Water Resources Department and Works Department Remarks Newly proposed under CDP
Public awareness and communication
Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns In all the drains
0.50
De-silting and removal of weeds
2.50
All Natural Drains
2.50
Up gradation and rehabilitation of all primary drains
Construction of sidewalls, closing/covering, lining etc. Along all roads where no drainage system or kutcha
12.00
Submitted under UIDSSMT
Construction of pucca drains
8.50
Total 11.2.5. Solid Waste Management
26.50
Table 11.6 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for SWM Project name Improving collection system Project components Designing and implementing Amount (Rs Crores) 1.50 Institution responsibility SM Remarks Proposed under 12th Finance
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Public awareness and communication Secondary Collection & Transportation Setting up waste processing facility Sanitary landfill facility Total
strategy for doorto-door collection, source segregation, collection bins Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns Vehicle Tracking System, Vehicle Fleet, Transfer Station Vermicomposting Construction and land development
Commission
0.50
SM
Proposed under 12th Finance Commission Proposed under 12th Finance Commission Proposed under 12th Finance Commission Proposed under 12th Finance Commission
6.50
SM
3.50
SM
14.00
SM
26.00
11.2.6. Traffic and Transportation Table 11.7 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Traffic & Transportation Project name Project components Preparation of comprehensive master plan 100% coverage of pucca roads Amount (Rs Crores) 0.75 Institution responsibil ity Works Department (R&B Division) Works Department (R&B Division) SM Remarks
Master plan
Construction/upg radation of roads
12.00
Under UIDSSMT
Signals and junction improvements Construction of flyovers
Designing and implementing strategies At identified places
5.00
Newly proposed under CDP Newly proposed under CDP
6.00
Street lights
As per standards 100% coverage
4.00
Works Department (R&B Division) SM
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Public transport
Parking spaces Pedestrian safety Total
Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet, Electronic Tempo Transit system with in the city etc. Terminals/compl exes Crossing facilities, foot paths
3.50
SM
1.00 0.50
SM SM
32.75
11.2.7. Slum Development and Poverty Reduction Table 11.8 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Slum Development & Poverty Reduction Project name Project components Amount (Rs Crores) Slum and Poverty data base Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc. Basic services Water supply, sanitation, roads etc. Housing Community development Pucca housing both insitu and relocation Developing community structures, participation, awareness Livelihood strategy Training and income generating activities Social Health education, 5.00 SM 1.00 SM Newly proposed under CDP Newly
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Institution responsibility
Remarks
0.75
SM
12.00
SM
20.00 1.00
SM SM
Proposed under IHSDP Newly proposed under CDP
infrastructure
town halls etc.
proposed under CDP
Total
39.75
11.2.8. Disaster Management Table 11.9 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Disaster Management Project name Disaster Management Plan Relief and Rehabilitation Training and capacity building Total Project components Equipment and machinery Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc.. Officials, NGOs, CBOs Amount (Rs Crores) 1.00 Institution responsibility SM Remarks Under UNDP
2.50
SM
0.75 4.25
SM
11.2.9. Gender Development Table 11.10 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Gender Development Project name Developing tools and guidelines Training and capacity building Total Project components Gender planning and budgeting Officials, NGOs, CBOs Amount (Rs Crores) 1.00 Institution responsibility SM Remarks Newly proposed under CDP Newly proposed under CDP
1.00
SM
2.00
11.2.10 Environment Table 11.11 Investment Plan and institution responsibility for Environment Project name Preservation of water bodies -I Preservation of water bodies -II Training and capacity building Project components Cleaning and removing weeds Cleaning and removing weeds Officials, NGOs, CBOs Amount (Rs Crores) 2.50 2.50 0.50 Institution responsibility SM SM SM Remarks Under UIDSSMT Under UIDSSMT Newly proposed under CDP
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Conservation of Ground water Conservation of Reserve Forest
Rain Water Harvesting Improving as Zoological Park and Botanical Park
1.00 0.50
SM SM
Total
7.00
Projects having potential of PPPs The following projects have the potential for PPPs 1 2 3 NRW reduction Recycle and reuse of waste water Community toilets Improving collection system for Solid Waste Secondary Collection & Transportation for Solid Waste Setting up waste processing facility Sanitary landfill facility Signals and junction improvements Construction of flyovers O&M of Street lights Public transport construction of bus bays, etc. Parking spaces Relief and rehabilitation
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11.3.1 The strategic action plan for water supply is given below: Table 11.12 Strategic Action Plan for Water Supply Project name Water sector reforms Project components Simplification of procedures, asset Management through GIS, MIS center, communication strategy, Capacity building Program, grievance redressal system etc. Preparation of a comprehensive master plan integrated with GIS. Leak detection Study and measures, equipments, meetering Detailed Study and measures Extension of pipeline network to uncovered wards Construction of service reservoirs 30ML 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
NRW reduction
Energy audit Short term improvement plan Long term improvement plan
24X7 water supply 3 phase 11.3.2 The strategic action plan for sewerage is given below: Table 11.13 Strategic Action Plan for Sewerage Project name Project 20082009components 09 10 Master plan Preparation of
201011
201112
201213
201314
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preparation
Public awareness and communication Comprehensive sewerage system Sewerage Treatment Plan Recycle and reuse of water
a comprehensive master plan Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns 100% coverage of sewerage network Design and construction Treatment plant and distribution system
11.3.3 The strategic action plan for Storm Water Drainage is given below: Table 11.14 Strategic Action Plan for Drainage Project name Master plan preparation Public awareness and communication De-silting and removal of weeds Up gradation and rehabilitation of all primary drains Construction of pucca drains Project components Preparation of a comprehensive master plan Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns In all the drains All Natural Drains Construction of sidewalls, closing/covering, lining etc. Along all roads where no drainage system or kutcha 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
11.3.4 The strategic action plan for solid waste management is given below:
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Table 11.15 Strategic Action Plan for Solid Waste Management Project name Project components Improving collection system Designing and implementing strategy for door-to-door collection, source segregation, collection bins Public awareness and communication Secondary Collection & Transportation Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns Vehicle Tracking System, Vehicle Fleet, Transfer Station Setting up waste processing facility Sanitary landfill facility Construction and land development Vermicomposting 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
11.3.5 The strategic action plan for Traffic and transportation is given below: Table 11.16 Strategic Action Plan for Traffic & Transportation Project name Master plan Project components Preparation of comprehensive master plan 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 201309 10 11 12 13 14
140
Construction/upgradation of roads Signals and junction improvements Construction of flyovers Street lights Public transport
100% coverage of pucca roads Designing and implementing strategies At identified places As per standards 100% coverage Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet, Electronic Tempo Transit system with in the city etc. Terminals/complexes Crossing facilities, foot paths
Parking spaces Pedestrian safety
11.3.6 The strategic action plan for Slum Development and Poverty Reduction is given below: Table 11.17 Strategic Action Plan for Slum Development & Poverty Reduction Project name Project components Slum and Poverty data base Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc. Basic services Water supply, sanitation, roads etc. Housing Pucca housing both insitu and relocation Community development Developing community structures, participation, awareness
200809
200910
201011
201112
201213
201314
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Livelihood strategy
Training and income generating activities
Social infrastructure
Health education, town halls etc.
11.3.7 The strategic action plan for Disaster Management is given below: Table 11.18 Strategic Action Plan for Disaster Management Project name Project components Disaster Management Plan Relief and Rehabilitation Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc.. Training and capacity building Officials, NGOs, CBOs Equipment and machinery 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
11.3.8 The strategic action plan for gender development is given below: Table 11.19 Strategic Action Plan for Gender Development Project name Project components Developing tools and guidelines Training and capacity building Gender planning and budgeting Officials, NGOs, CBOs 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
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11.3.9 The strategic action plan for environment is given below: Table 11.20 Strategic Action Plan for Environment Project name Project components Preservation of water bodies -I Preservation of water bodies -II Training and capacity building Conservation of Ground water Conservation of Reserve Forest Improving as Zoological Park and Botanical Park Rain Water Harvesting Cleaning and removing weeds Cleaning and removing weeds Officials, NGOs, CBOs 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
11.4. City investment plan year wise (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.21 City Investment Plan 2008-09 Total Investment 126.15 2009-10 102.60 2010-11 67.05 2011-12 36.35 2012-13 22.60 2013-14 6.20
11.4.1 City investment plan year wise water supply (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.22 City Investment Plan for Water Supply Project name Water sector reforms Project components Simplification of procedures, asset 200809 .75 200910 .75 201011 201112 2012- 201413 14 Total 1.50
143
NRW reduction
Energy audit Short term improvement plan
Long term improvement plan
Management through GIS, MIS center, communication strategy, Capacity building Program, grievance redressal system etc. Preparation of a comprehensive master plan integrated with GIS. Leak detection Study and measures, equipments, meetering Detailed Study and measures Extension of pipeline network to uncovered wards Construction of service reservoirs 30ML 24X7 water supply 3 phase
.25
.25
.50
.50
.50
.25
.25
1.50
.50 5.00
.25 3.00
.25 2.00
1.00 10.00
2.5
2.5
5.00
50.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
120.00
Total
59.50
36.75
22.50
10.25
10.00
169.00
11.4.2. City investment plan year wise sewerage (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.23 City Investment Plan for Sewerage Project name Master plan preparation Project components Preparation of comprehensive 200809 .25 200910 .25 201011 201112 2012- 201413 14 Total .50
144
Public awareness and communication Comprehensive sewerage system
master plan Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns 100% coverage of sewerage network Design and construction Treatment plant and distribution system
.20
.20
.10
.50
25.00
25.00
10.00
5.00
65.00
Sewerage Treatment Plan Recycle and reuse of water
3.00
2.00 4.00
1.00 2.00 2.00
6.00 8.00
Total
25.45
28.45
16.10
8.00
2.00
80.00
11.4.3. City investment plan year wise storm water drainage (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.24 City Investment Plan for Storm Water Drainage Project name Master plan preparation Project components Preparation of a comprehensive master plan Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns In all the drains All Natural Drains Construction of sidewalls, closing/covering, lining etc. 200809 .20 200910 .20 201011 .10 201112 2012- 201413 14 Total .50
Public awareness and communication De-silting and removal of weeds Up gradation and rehabilitation of all primary drains Construction of Along all roads pucca drains where no drainage system or kutcha Total
.20
.20
.10
.50
1.00 1.00 3.00
1.00 1.00 3.00
.25 .25 2.00
.25 .25 2.00 1.00 1.00
2.50 2.50 12.00
4.00
2.50
2.00
8.50
9.40
7.90
4.90
2.50
1.00
1.00
26.50
11.4.4. City investment plan year wise solid waste management (Rs. in Crores)
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Table 11.25 City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management Project name Improving collection system Project components Designing and implementing strategy for door-to-door collection, source segregation, collection bins Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns Vehicle Tracking System, Vehicle Fleet, Transfer Station Vermicomposting 200809 .50 200910 .25 201011 .25 201112 .20 2012- 201413 14 .20 .10 Total 1.50
Public awareness and communication
.20
.10
.10
.05
.05
.50
Secondary Collection & Transportation
2.00
3.00
1.50
6.50
Setting up waste processing facility Sanitary landfill facility Total
2.00
1.00
.50
3.50
Construction and land development 2.70 5.35
5.00
5.00
4.00
14.00
7.85
5.75
4.25
.10
26.00
11.4.5. City investment plan year wise Traffic and Transportation (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.26 City Investment Plan for Traffic and Transportation
Project name Project components 200809 2009 -10 2010 -11 2011 -12 2012 -13 2013 -14
Total
Master plan
Construction/ upgradation of roads Signals and junction
Preparation of comprehensive master plan 100% coverage of pucca roads Designing and
.25
.25
.25
.75
3.00 2.00
3.00 2.00
3.00 1.00
2.00
.50
.50
12.00 5.00
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improvements Construction of flyovers Street lights
Public transport
implementing strategies At identified places As per standards 100% coverage Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet, Electronic Tempo Transit system with in the city etc. Terminals/comp lexes Crossing facilities, foot paths
3.00 1.50
2.00 .50
1.00 .50 .50 .50 .50
6.00 4.00
2.00
1.00
.25
.25
4.00
Parking spaces Pedestrian safety
.40 2.00
.20 .50
.10 .25
.10 .25
.10
.10
1.00 3.50
Total
12.15
10.45
7.10
3.10
1.35
1.10
36.2
11.4.6. City investment plan year wise Slum development and Poverty Reduction (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.27 City Investment Plan for Slum development & Poverty Reduction Project name Project components Slum and Poverty data base Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc. Basic services Housing Water supply, sanitation, roads etc. Pucca housing both insitu and relocation Community development Developing community .50 .25 .25 1.00 5.00 5.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 20.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 12.00 200809 .25 200910 .25 201011 .25 201112 2012- 201413 14 .75 Total
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structures, participation, awareness Livelihood strategy Training and income generating activities Social infrastructure Health education, town halls etc. Total 11.50 9.25 5.75 5.25 4.00 4.00 39.75 2.50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 5.00 .25 .25 .25 .25 1.00
11.4.7. City investment plan year wise Disaster Management (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.28 City Investment Plan for Disaster Management Project name Project components Disaster Management Plan Relief and Rehabilitation Equipment and machinery Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc.. Training and capacity building Total 2.25 1.00 .75 .25 4.25 Officials, NGOs, CBOs .25 .25 .25 .75 1.50 .50 .25 .25 2.50 200809 .50 200910 .25 201011 .25 201112 2012- 2014- Total 13 14 1.00
11.4.8. City investment plan year wise Gender Development (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.29 City Investment Plan for Gender Development Project name Project components Developing Gender 200809 .50 200910 .25 201011 .25 201112 2012- 2014- Total 13 14 1.00
148
tools and guidelines Training and capacity building Total Total
planning and budgeting Officials, NGOs, CBOs .75 .50 .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 2.00
2.00 5.00
11.4.9. City investment plan year wise Environment (Rs. in Crores) Table 11.30 City Investment Plan for Environment Project name Project components Preservation of water bodies -I Preservation of water bodies -II Training and capacity building Conservation of Ground water Conservation of Reserve Forest Improving as Zoological Park and Botanical Park Total 2.45 2.95 1.60 1.00 6.00 .25 .25 1.00 Rain Water Harvesting .50 .50 .50 .50 2.00 Cleaning and removing weeds Cleaning and removing weeds Officials, NGOs, CBOs .20 .20 .10 .50 1.50 .50 .50 2.50 200809 1.50 200910 .50 201011 .50 201112 2012- 2013- Total 13 14 2.50
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11.5 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN

The Financial Operating Plan (FOP) is a forecast of finances of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), generated for a short-medium term or long-term period. FOP for Short-term period is prepared for 5 to 7 years, and for long-term period is prepared for 20 years. However FOP prepared for short term period of 5 years or medium term period of 7 years, shows the forecast of finances accurately. However in this assignment, the FOP is generated for medium-term of 6 years, as the mission period of UIDSSMT is 6 years. This CDP document would be utilized for accessing the financial assistance from UIDSSMT for 6 years, i.e., from 2008-09 to 2013-14. The FOPs are financial forecast of an ULB developed after taking into account the growth trends of various components of income and expenditure, and is based on the time-series data. While forecasting the finances of the ULB several assumptions need to be made. Assumptions are done on the basis of current growth trends, contribution pattern of various revenue sources and utilization pattern of various expenditure heads. The following section provides an insight into the various assumptions made, necessary logic and justifications for such assumptions.
11.5.1 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

The Capital Investment Plan (CIP) is a scheduling of Investments for public physical improvement for a certain number of years in future. The scheduling of the plan is based on analysis of fiscal resources available for new investment and O&M, technical capacity for construction and O&M, and the choice of improvements to be taken up over a period of 6 years into the future. Accordingly, the CIP for infrastructure services in Sambalpur Municipality has been formulated. Phasing of the investments is also worked out considering the need for the service and the sustainability of its investments, which forms part of the FOP. The CIP is an integral part of the FOP and the CIP provides essential inputs in terms of capital transactions. The Capital Investment Plan involved the identification of public capital facilities to cater to the demands of the city populace during different stages as per the requirement of various urban services. The steps adopted in capital investment requirement and formulating the CIP is: project identification, project screening and prioritization, project phasing.
11.5.2 CAPITAL INVESTMENT ESTIMATE, CIP AND PHASING

The estimated sector-wise investment required for the mission period (2008-09 to 2013-14) is furnished in the table given below:
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Sectors
Amount Crores)
(Rs % To Total
Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Storm Water Drains Solid Waste Management Traffic and Transportation Slum Development and Urban Poverty Reduction Disaster management Gender development Environment Total City Investment Plan
145.50 80.00 26.50 26.00 32.75 39.75 4.25 2.00 7.00 364
40 21.99 7.28 7.14 9 10.92 1.16 .55 1.92 100
Proposed Sector wise Capital Utilisation

Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Storm Water Drains 11% 9% 7% 7% 22% 1%2% 1% 40% Traffic and Transportation Slum Development and Urban Poverty Reduction Disaster management Gender development Environment Solid Waste Management
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It can be seen from the above table and chart that highest utilization of about 40 percent of capital investment estimate is envisaged for the Water Supply. Sewerage and Sanitation is other major sectors with an envisaged utilization of 22 percent. The next two major sectors with highest utilization are Traffic and Transportation and Slum Development and Urban Poverty Reduction, with estimate of 9 percent and 11 percent respectively. All other sectors together utilized about 18 percent in which major share being planned for Storm Water Drains and Solid Waste Management. The others are Disaster management, Environment, Social Development, and Gender development. The Capital Investment Plan (CIP) has been prepared for a period of 6 years (FY 2008-09 to FY 2013-14). The phasing has been worked out based on the priorities assigned by the stakeholders and preparedness of the service providing agencies to prepare the DPR and initiate implementation of the proposals. The following chart provides an insight into the year-wise utilization of the capital during the Plan period:
Year wise Capital Utilisation

40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00%
Percentage Utilisation
34.86% 28.46% 18.50% 10.05% 6.21% 1.92% 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Year Series1
The objective of this section is to evaluate the investment sustenance capacity of Sambalpur Municipality with reference to the identified projects given in CIP. The FOP generated under is in full consonance with City's Vision & approach to development and priorities and action plans approved by the stakeholders.
11.5.3 BASE AND BASIS

The FOP has been prepared to assess the investment sustaining capacity of the Sambalpur Municipality, in which the fiscal situation is simulated through a Financial Operating Plan
152
(FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances for a term of 6 years. It is used to forecast all income and expenditure for the period between FY 2008-09 and FY 2013-14. The following paragraphs provide important considerations towards simulating the fiscal situation of the Sambalpur Municipality: Following are important considerations towards simulating the fiscal situation of the Sambalpur Municipality, and include both existing and new resources.
11.5.4 KEY ASSUMPTIONS

In forecasting the income and expenditure following are the key assumptions for the Sambalpur Municipality: Basic Assumptions of Sambalpur Municipality SL. No A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 1 Particulars Receipt Rates and Receipt Licence and other fees Receipts under special Acts Revenue apart from taxation Grants and contribution Miscelleneous Extraordinary & debts Expenditure General Administration 11% 20% 17% 9% 16% 20% 11% 80% Basic/ Current Average
153
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C 1
Collection of taxes & fees Pensions & Gratuities Public Safety Public Health Medical Public Convenience Public Institution Miscelleneous Extra Ordinary & Debts Capital Structuring
4% 27% 25% 17% 5% 22% 7% 15% 3%
As Capital Grant/GOI
per
UIDSSMT
Guidelines
Rs. In Lakh
Heads of Receipt
2008-09
2009-10
20102011
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Opening Balance Receipt Rates and Receipt
33
114
294
638
1,258
2,350
52
62
75
90
107
129
154
Licence and other fees Receipts under special Acts Revenue taxation Grants and contribution Miscelleneous Extraordinary & debts Total Receipt apart from
71
84
98
115
134
157
54
63
73
85
98
114
1,371 212 94 1,855 1,888
1,597 235 168 2,210 2,324
1,859 261 303 2,670 2,964
2,187 290 546 3,312 3,950
2,603 322 983 4,248 5,505
3,103 357 1,769 5,629 7,979
Expenditure General Administration Collection fees Pensions & Gratuities Public Safety Public Health Medical Public Convenience Public Institution of taxes & 68 72 76 80 88 95
39
41
42
44
46
47
90 99 496 19 508 103
114 123 580 20 568 110
145 154 678 21 634 118
184 193 794 22 728 126
233 241 929 24 866 135
296 301 1,087 25 1,035 145
155
Miscelleneous Extra Ordinary & Debts Total Expenditure Closing Balance
316 37 1,774 114
363 39 2,030 294
417 40 2,326 638
480 41 2,692 1,258
552 42 3,155 2,350
635 43 3,709 4,269
156
157
City Development Plan
158

City Development Plan For Sambalpur City

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City Development Plan For Sambalpur City

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City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

1.3. City Development Plan

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

1.3.2. Scope of the work

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

1.4. Approach and Methodology

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Future perspective and vision Direction of change and expectations

Phase 1 Preparatory Phase

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Phase 2: Envisioning Phase

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Programs/ Identified Programs Program 1 Program n Project Project 1 Project n

Project Responsible agency/Stakeholder

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

1.5 Spatial coverage of the Sambalpur City Development Plan

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

1.6 Timeframe for CDP

1.7 The relationship between master plan and CDP

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

City Profile and Economy

2.2 Regional Settings

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Figure 2.1 Map of the city describing ward boundaries

Sambalpur City covers the area of 33.66 sq km.

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

2.3. Physical Characteristics

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

2.3.2 Climatic Conditions

2.3.3 Drainage System

2.4 Historical Importance and urban growth:

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

Administrative Staff College of India

City Development Plan-Sambalpur

2.5.1 Population Growth Trends