EJERCICIO 3 (2.4 puntos) Complete los textos siguientes con las palabras inglesas adecuadas.

Hay un espacio por palabra. Optic fiber amplifiers To [______________] the effects of attenuation in the fiber, we must introduce repeaters at intervals to amplify the signals. This involves a light detector to convert the signal from light to an electrical signal. The electrical [_____________] is then amplified and used to power another light source for the next section of fiber. Much development is continuing on an alternative [_____________].Optic fiber amplifiers [_____________] a signal to be amplified without converting it to an electrical signal first, a direct light in-light out repeater. The heart of the matter is a length of very special fluoride based fiber. It is constructed in the same [_____________] as the standard silica fiber but it has the [_____________] of being able to transfer light energy between two different signals which are travelling in the same direction in the fiber. We use a light source called a pump to inject energy into the fluoride fiber. The pump light and the weak incoming signal pass [_____________] the fiber and as it does so, energy is passed from the pump light into the molecules of the fiber and from there into the signal to be amplified. The wavelength of the pump is critical and [_____________] on the design of the amplifying fiber in use. As the light energy travels [_____________] the fiber, the pump light becomes weaker [_____________] the energy is absorbed by the fiber and the incoming signal is amplified by absorbing [_____________] from the fiber. A length of about 20 meters can provide an amplification of up to +30 dB (x 1000) giving the possibility of using repeaters at [_____________] of well over 100 km.

EJERCICIO 4 (2 puntos; cada error descontar la mitad de su valor)

Escriba en cada hueco el nmero de la frase necesaria para completar el texto. Tenga en cuenta que los signos de puntuacin se conservan en el texto. Semiconductors This chapter introduces devices that are made from materials that are neither conductors nor insulators. These semiconductor materials form the basis of diodes, thyristors, triacs, transistors and integrated circuits. We start this chapter with a brief introduction [_____] before going on to examine the characteristics [_____]. In chapter 1 we described the simplified structure of an atom and showed [_____] negative charge carriers (electrons) and positive charge carriers (protons). Each electron carries a single unit [_____] while each proton exhibits a single unit of positive charge. Since atoms normally contain an equal number [_____], the net charge present will be zero. For example, if an atom has eleven electrons, it will also contain eleven protons. The end result is [_____] will be exactly balanced by the positive charge of the protons. Electrons are in constant motion as they orbit around the nucleus of the atom. Electron orbits are organized into shells. The maximum number [_____] is 2, in the second shell 8, and in the third, fourth and fifth shells it is 18, 32 and 50, respectively. In electronics, only the electron shell furthermost [_____] is important. lt is important to note that the movement of electrons only involves those present in the outer valence shell. lf the valence shell contains the maximum number of electrons possible, [_____] together and the material has the properties of an insulator. lf, however, the valence shell does not have its full complement of electrons, [_____] from their orbital bonds, and the material has the properties associated with an electrical conductor. 1. of negative electric charge 2. of electrons and protons 3. the electrons can be easily loosened 4. to the principles of semiconductors 5. the electrons are rigidly bonded 6. of each of the most common types of semiconductor 7. that the negative charge of the electrons 8. of electrons present in the first shell

9. from the nucleus of an atom 10. that it contains both