Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Date
2006-01-04 2006-01-17
Author
Zhu Yingxin Zhu Yingxin
Approved By
Remarks
Not open to the Third Party Update complied standards
ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is
not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information of the document is subjected to change without notice.
Table of Contents
1 Overview............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 3G System Overview ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Overview of the CDMA2000 All-IP Network............................................................... 1 1.1.3 Introduction to the ZXC10-BSSB.................................................................................. 2 1.2 Position of ZXC10-BTSB (I1) in a Network ........................................................................... 2 1.2.1 CDMA2000 1X Network Architecture .......................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Interfaces of ZXC10-BTSB (I1) in the CDMA20001X Network.................................. 4 1.2.3 Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Radio Access Network.................................. 4 1.2.4 Interfaces of the ZXC10- BTSB (I1) in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network ... 5 1.3 Standard Complied ................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 Primary Standards .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Lightning Protection ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Safety ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.4 EMC ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.5 Environment................................................................................................................. 10 2 Product Features............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Multiple Frequency Bands Supported .................................................................................... 12 Super BTSB............................................................................................................................ 12 Super-large Capacity .............................................................................................................. 13 Technical Features.................................................................................................................. 14 High Reliability ...................................................................................................................... 14 Smooth Capacity Expansion and Update ............................................................................... 15 Flexible Networking Modes ................................................................................................... 15 Convenient Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................ 15 Radio Resource Assignment................................................................................................... 17 Radio Resource Control ......................................................................................................... 17 Power Control for CDMA2000 1x ......................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Backward Open-loop Power Control ........................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Backward Closed-loop Power Control......................................................................... 19 3.3.3 Backward Outer-loop Power control ...................................................................... 19 3.3.4 Forward power control ............................................................................................. 19 3.4 3.5 Power Control for 1xEV-DO ................................................................................................. 20 Handoff Control for CDMA2000 1x...................................................................................... 21
II
3.5.1 Hard Handoff ............................................................................................................... 22 3.5.2 Soft Handoff................................................................................................................. 22 3.6 3.7 Handoff Control for 1xEV-DO .............................................................................................. 22 Support of Various Types of Channels .................................................................................. 23 3.7.1 1x Channel ................................................................................................................... 23 3.7.2 EVDO Channel ............................................................................................................ 23 4 System Structure............................................................................................................................. 25 4.1 4.2 General Description of BTS ................................................................................................... 25 BDS (Baseband Digital Subsystem)....................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 CCM (Communication Control Module)..................................................................... 27 4.2.3 CHM (Channel Processing Module) ............................................................................ 28 4.2.4 GCM (GPS Control Module) ....................................................................................... 29 4.2.5 SAM (Site Alarm Module)........................................................................................... 29 4.2.6 BPD (BDS Power Distribution module) ...................................................................... 29 4.2.7 DSM (Data Service Module) ....................................................................................... 30 4.2.8 SNM (SDH Interface Module)..................................................................................... 30 4.2.9 RIM (RF Interface Module) ......................................................................................... 30 4.2.10 BIM (BDS Interface Module) ...................................................................................... 30 4.3 RFS (Radio Frequency Subsystem)........................................................................................ 33 4.3.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 33 4.3.2 RMM (RF Management Module) ................................................................................ 34 4.3.3 TRX (Transceiver Module).......................................................................................... 34 4.3.4 TSM (Transmit Switch Module) .................................................................................. 35 4.3.5 RSM (Reverse Switching Module) .............................................................................. 35 4.3.6 BTM (BTS Test Module)............................................................................................. 35 4.3.7 SAM (Site Alarm Module)........................................................................................... 35 4.3.8 LPA (Linear Power Amplifier) .................................................................................... 35 4.3.9 DPA (Digital Predistortion Amplifier)......................................................................... 36 4.3.10 RFE (RF Front End)..................................................................................................... 36 4.3.11 PIM (Power Amplifier Interface Module) ................................................................... 37 4.3.12 RPD (RF Power Distribution)...................................................................................... 37 4.4 PWS (Power Subsystem)........................................................................................................ 37 4.4.1 Overview...................................................................................................................... 37 4.4.2 APD (AC Power Distribution) ..................................................................................... 38 4.4.3 PRM (Power Rectifier Module) ................................................................................... 38 4.4.4 PMM (Power Monitoring Module).............................................................................. 39 5 Operation And Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 40 5.1 5.2 Performance Management...................................................................................................... 40 Fault Management .................................................................................................................. 40
III
System Tool............................................................................................................................ 41 Version Management.............................................................................................................. 41 State Control........................................................................................................................... 41 Real-time Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 41 Structure and Outer View....................................................................................................... 42 Networking Modes of BTSB.................................................................................................. 43 6.2.1 Abis Interface Networking ........................................................................................... 43 6.2.2 Connection via Ethernet at the Abis Interface ............................................................. 44 6.2.3 BDS-RFS Networking Modes...................................................................................... 44
6.3
BTS Configuration ................................................................................................................. 46 6.3.1 Key Parameters ............................................................................................................ 46 6.3.2 Typical Configurations ................................................................................................ 46 6.3.3 BDS Configurations ..................................................................................................... 47 6.3.4 RFS Configurations...................................................................................................... 49 6.3.5 PWS Configurations .................................................................................................... 50
BTS Technical Indices.................................................................................................................... 52 7.1 Running Environment Indices................................................................................................ 52 7.1.1 Dimensions................................................................................................................... 52 7.1.2 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room ..... 52 7.1.3 Power Supply Requirments.......................................................................................... 52 7.1.4 Power Consumption ..................................................................................................... 53 7.1.5 Grounding Requirements ............................................................................................. 54 7.1.6 Temperature and Humidity Requirements ................................................................... 54 7.1.7 Noise Requirments ....................................................................................................... 54 7.2 Performance Indices ............................................................................................................... 54 7.2.1 Interface Indices ........................................................................................................... 54 7.2.2 Capacity Indices ........................................................................................................... 54 7.2.3 Reliability Indices ........................................................................................................ 54 7.2.4 RF Indices .................................................................................................................... 55 7.2.5 BTS Clock Technical Indices....................................................................................... 59 7.2.6 Clock System Performance .......................................................................................... 59
IV
Figure 17 Reliability Comparison between a Chain Network and a Ring Network (with link failure).............................................................................................. 46 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Several Typical Configuration Examples of the BTS ......................... 47 Configuration Example of the 120 Sectors/carriers Super BTS .......... 47 MBDS in full configuration (24 Sectors/carriers) ............................... 48 Simple Configuration of the MBDS .................................................... 48 SBDS in full configuration (24 Sectors/carriers)................................. 48 Simple Configuration of 4F3S RFS subsystem (no backup of TRX/PA) 49 Fully Configured RFS with 8F3S/4F6S and TRX/PA Backup ........... 49 16-carriers Configuration .................................................................... 50 PWS Configurations ............................................................................ 51
Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Frequency bands supported ................................................................. 12 BIM Interface Descriptions ................................................................. 31
Table 3 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room.............................................................................................. 52 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Working Voltage Range of power supply ........................................... 52 BTSB (I1) Power Consumption during Normal Working (with DPA)53 BTSB (I1) Power Consumption during Normal Working (with LPA)53 Normal Working Environment Requirements for BTS....................... 54 Abbreviations ...................................................................................... 60
VI
1
1.1
1.1.1
OVERVIEW
Background
3G System Overview
With the fast growth of wireless services and the rapid expansion of Internet services, the wireless communication system has to meet increasing demands for system capacity, data transmission rate and strong support for diverse services. The 3G mobile communication system (IMT2000) draws the attention of the whole industry. The major feature of 3G mobile communication system is the support of broadband service, especially the multimedia data service efficiently using frequency spectrum. The 3G system is designed to provide a larger system capacity and better communication quality than 2G systems, implement seamless roaming around the world, and provide subscribers with multiple services. Mainstream technical standards for the 3G are CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA. The CDMA2000 standards are usually implemented technically in two phases. In the first phase, the CDMA2000 still adopts the spread spectrum rate of CDMA ONE, i.e., 1 1.2288Mbps. A single carrier occupies 1.25MHz bandwidth. It adopts DS spread spectrum technology. The CDMA2000 system in the first phase is also called CDMA2000 1X. In the second phase, the spread spectrum rate is 3 /6 /9 /12 1.2288Mbps, respectively occupies 5/10/12/15MHz bandwidth. It adopts multi-carrier modulation technology. The CDMA2000 system in the second phase is also called CDMA2000 3X. In addition, the 1xEV-DO Rev.A, which serves as an enhanced standard supplemental to IS2000, supports data transmission up to 3.1Mbps in a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz.
1.1.2
The overall structure of the CDMA2000 All-IP network consists of the radio access network and the core network. The evolution of the core network is independent from that of the radio access network. The CDMA2000 network evolves to All-IP network in several phases: Phase-0, Phase-1, Phase-2 and Phase-3. Phase-0 is a traditional network based on circuit switching. The access network is based on IOS 4.x, the air interface is based on cdma2000 and the core network is based on TIA/EIA-41. Since Phase-1, the core network separates from the access network, forming independent signaling layer and bearer layer. The access network signaling is transmitted over IP. Phase-2 corresponds to the LMSD (Legacy MS Domain) phase, which requires the IP network to support traditional terminal services and provide new service functions (such as TrFO/RTO) for users using new terminals. Phase-3 corresponds to the MMD phase, and is the end point of the evolution to All-IP. In this phase, the air interface based on IP is implemented and finally IP-based transmission is realized throughout the network.
Such a way of phased and independent evolution offers flexibility to operators, and better supports the network transition policy of the traditional telecom operators.
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
Figure 1 Typical Network Structure of the 3GPP2 All-IP Network in LMSD Step-2
The overall network architecture of the All-IP network in the LMSD phase consists of the radio access network and the core network, which are independent of each other. Radio Access Network (RAN)
Located between the MS (Mobile Station) and the CN (Core Network), the RAN is responsible for processing radio signals, terminating radio protocols, and connecting the MS with the core network. It consists of two parts, BSC/PCF (generally referred to as BSC) and BTS. The BTSB is located between the BSC and the MS in the CDMA2000 1x system. Under the control of the BSC, the BTSB is the radio transceiver equipment serving one cell or multiple logical sectors. Connecting with the BSC through the Abis interface, the BTSB helps the BSC manage radio resources, radio parameters and interfaces. It also implements, over the Um interface, the radio transmission between the BTS and the MS, as well as related control functions. Core network
i n te r n et
Core network performs the mobility management, network-side authentication and interface of public networks. The core network consists of the CS (Circuit Switching) domain and the PS (Packet Switching) domain: The CS network consists of NE such as MSCe, MGW, MRFP, SGW, SCPe and HLRe; the PS core network consists of PDSN (Packet Data Service Node) and AAA. The CS supports two transmission technologies, IP and TDM, to implement the access of the BTS. The CS core network can interwork with the TIA/EIA/IS-41 and GSM MAP networks, as well as the fixed PSTN.
1.2.2
1.2.3
The CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A system consists of Access Terminal (AT), Radio Access Network (RAN) and core network. RAN
RAN provides the radio bearer between the core network and AT, responsible for establishing, maintaining and releasing radio channels, to manage the radio resources and mobility. RAN consists of such functional entities as Access Network, Packet Control Function (PCF) and Access Network AAA. The AN consists of BSC and BTS. AN is a kind of network equipment that provides data connections between the packet network and the access terminal, to implement the BTS transceiving, call control and mobility management. AN-AAA is a logical entity for the access network to implement access authentication and user authentication. It exchanges the parameters and results for access authentication with AN through the A12 interface. PCF and AN jointly implement the radio channel control function related to the packet data service. In the specific implementation of ZXC10-BSCB, PCF is configured together with BSC, and the A8/A9 interface is the internal interface for AN/PCF. PCF communicates with PDSN through the A10/A11 interface. Core network
The core network consists of packet core network and switching core network. The PS core network includes such functional entities as PDSN and AAA; the switching core network includes MSCe. AT
AT is a device providing data connections for users. It can be connected to a computing device (such as a PC), or serve as an independent data device (such as mobile phone).
1.2.4
Interfaces of the ZXC10- BTSB (I1) in the CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A Network
In CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A network, The BTS is connected to the BSC via the Abis interface, to the AT via the Air interface or Um interface. Abis Interface: The Abis protocol is an interface protocol between the BSC and BTS. It contains two parts in the application layer: control part (Abisc) and service part (Abist). The control part converts the Um interface control channel signaling, and the service part controls the trafficservice channel. Um Interface: The Um Interface is an interface between the BTS and AT. It comply to the standard of IS-856-A
1.3
1.3.1
Standard Complied
Primary Standards
3GPP2 A.S0011-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 1 Overview. 3GPP2 A.S0012-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 2 Transport. 3GPP2 A.S0013-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 3 Features. 3GPP2 A.S0014-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 4 (A1, A1p, A2, and A5 Interfaces). 3GPP2 A.S0015-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 5 (A3 and A7 Interfaces) 3GPP2 A.S0016-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 6 (A8 and A9 Interfaces). 3GPP2 A.S0017-C (3G-IOS v5.0): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces- Part 7 (A10 and A11 Interfaces). 3GPP2 A.S0001-A version 2.0 (3G-IOS v4.1): Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces. 3G-IOS v4.3: Interoperability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces. 3GPP2 C.S0001-A version 5.0: Introduction to cdma2000 Standards for Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A. 3GPP2 C.S0002-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.2-A-2): Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A. 3GPP2 C.S0003-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.3-A-2): Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A, Addendum 2. 3GPP2 C.S0004-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.4-A-2): Signaling Link Access Control (LAC) Specification for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A. 3GPP2 C.S0005-A version 6.0 (TIA/EIA IS-2000.5-A-2): Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems - Release A, Addendum 2. ANSI J-STD-008, Personal Station-Base Station Compatibility Requirement for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Personal Communications Systems, 1996.
TIA/EIA/TSB-58, Administration Parameter Value Assignments for TIA/EIA Wideband Spread Spectrum Standards, 1995. TIA/EIA/TSB-74, Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS Interaction for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System, 1995. TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-95, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-637, Short Message Services for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems, 1997. TIA/EIA/IS-127, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems, 1996. TIA/EIA/IS-634A, MSC-BS Interface for Public Communications Networks, 1998. TIA/EIA/IS-658, Data Service Interworking Function Interface for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems. CDG RF36, Markov Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communications Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-725, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1997. TIA/EIA/IS-728, Inter-System Link Protocol. TIA/EIA/IS-733, High Rate Speech Service Option 17 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. TIA/EIA/IS-707, Data Service Options for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1998. TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-2 Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum Systems Addendum 2, 2000. ITU-T Q.714 Signaling connection control part (SCCP). ITU-T Q.704 Signal link (MTP3). ITU-T Q.703 Signal link (MTP2). 3GPP2 C.S0024-A (TIA/EIA IS-856-A): cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, August 2005. 3GPP2 C.S0024 (TIA/EIA IS-856): cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, October 2002.
3GPP2 A.S0008 (TIA/EIA IS-878), IOS Specification for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces. 3GPP2 A.S0008-A. 3GPP2 A.S0007, Inter-Operability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Access Network Interfaces, November 2001. 3GPP2 C.S0029: Test Application Specification (TAS) for High Rate Packet Data Air Interface. 3GPP2 C.S0032-A, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, December 2005. 3GPP2 C.S0032, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network, January 2004. 3GPP2 C.S0010-A (TIA-97-D), Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations, March 2001. C00-20050718-129__C.S0054_v2.0V-VResolutionText XP0011-3-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved XP0011-4-Nov2004-v05-R&Fresolved
1.3.2
Lightning Protection
IEC 61312-1 (1995) Protection against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse Part I: General Principles. IEC 61643-1 (1998) Surge Protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems. ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection against Overvoltage and Overcurrent. ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a Telecommunication Building. ETS 300 253 (2004) Equipment Engineering; Earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centres.
1.3.3
Safety
GB 4943-2000: Safety of information technology equipment. IEC 60950 Safety of information technology equipment including Electrical Business Equipment. IEC 60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment.
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment. CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment. UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive. UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment. IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code). GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and other industrial articles on stability to external mechanical impacts while operating. GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic equipment using transceivers and their components. The general requirements and test methods. GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements.
1.3.4
EMC
TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD: Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC EMC directive Council directive of 3 May 1989 on approximation of laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. CISPR 22 (1997): Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment. EN 301 489-1 Part 1:Common technical requirements.
EN 301 489-26 Part 26: Specific conditions for CDMA 1x spread spectrum Base Stations, repeaters and ancillary equipment. IEC 61000-6-1: 1997: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6: Generic standards Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments. IEC 61000-6-3: 1996: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6: Generic standards Section 3: mission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments. IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current = 16 A). IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current = 16 A.
IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test. IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test. IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test. IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 5: Surge immunity test. IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 6: Immunity to contacted disturbances, induced by radio frequency fields. IEC 61000-4-11 (1994): Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques - Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations. Immunity tests. ITU-T Recommendation K.20: Resistibility of Telecommunication Switching Equipment to Overvoltages and Overcurrents. CFR 47, FCC Part 15: Radio Frequency Device. TS 25.113v3.1.0: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC. ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: Spurious emissions. GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits and test methods. GOST 30429-96: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made noise from equipment and apparatus used together with service receiver systems of civil application. Limits and test methods.
1.3.5
Environment
GB 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code). GB 4798 Environmental conditions for electrician and electronic products application. IEC 60529 "Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)" IEC 60721-3-1: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage.
10
IEC 60721-3-2: Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 2: Transportation. IEC 60721-3-3 (1994): Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3: Stationary use at weather protected locations. IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4: Stationary use at non-weather protected locations. ETS 300 019-2-1: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-1, Specification of environmental tests Storage. ETS 300 019-2-2: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-2, Specification of environmental tests Transportation. ETS 300 019-2-3: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-3, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations. ETS 300 019-2-4: Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-4, Specification of environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations. IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold. IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat. IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal). GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles. Applications for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions in compliance with the environmental factors. GOST 23088-80: Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and transportation and test methods.
11
PRODUCT FEATURES
Based on All-IP structure, ZTEs new-generation BTSB system can fully satisfy customers requirements of multiple services, large capacity, high power, various ways of transmission, and a variety of power supply systems. The industry- leading ZXC10-BTSB (I1) has the following advantages.
2.1
2.2
Super BTSB
Multiple BTSs are needed to achieve a large area coverage due to limited coverage of a single BTS in the traditional networking architecture. Furthermore, each BTS consists of the BDS and RFS. In this case, the BSC needs to provide each BTS with a set of independent Abis interfaces. However, the ZTE All-IP BTS supports to configure a super BTS: The extraordinarily powerful base band processing capability can be realized in a site. In this way, its forward/reverse services can be distributed to the RFSs scattered in different places. A remote RFS can be installed outdoors and it (capable of supporting multiple carriers and multiple sectors) is equivalent to an old macro BTS. Therefore, a super BTS can replace several or even dozens of macro BTSs. In addition, because only the BTS and a few RFSs are installed indoors, the expense for the equipment room is largely reduced, facilitating the maintenance work. Super BTS which can handle up to 120 carrier-sectors.
12
The super BTS with centralized BDSs acts as one BTS in the BSC. It has the following advantages: Shares the GPS/Abis interfaces and base band-controlled circuit to reduce the cost and improve the reliability; Simplifies the RF station structure to facilitate outdoor installation, thus reducing the expanse for leasing an equipment room; Improves transmission efficiency of the Abis interfaces. Or omits the complex Abis interface compression protocols by installing the BTS and BSC into one equipment room.
2.3
Super-large Capacity
A single rack (single local RF system) can supports up to 8C (Carrier) 3S (Sector) or 4 C3S. And it can support 8C6S or 16C3S upon rack combination; With a single digital baseband shelf, it can support 24 carrier-sectors; A single BTS can support up to 120 carrier-sectors, which is the largest traffic capacity in the CDMA industry.
Large capacity not only reduces the number of BTSs used in areas with heavy traffic, but also saves the construction cost in auxiliary facilities such as transmission, equipment room, power supply, and tower.
13
2.4
Technical Features
Support smooth update to 3G technology such as 1xEV-DO Rev.A, and smooth evolution to the All-IP network; With an internal All-IP architecture and network fabric of high throughput, the ZXC10 BTSB is able to guarantee the complete QoS and high reliability; With the IP-based cUDP/PPPMux/MultilinkPPP protocol at the Abis interface, it can improve the transmission efficiency and reduce transmission cost; It adopts the multi-frequencies digital intermediate frequency (IF) technology to greatly reduce RF modules; The extended support can be provided for the transmit diversity, intelligent antenna and linear pre-distortion power amplifier; The large-capacity BTS is smallest in size in the industry that saves floor space of the equipment room; Complete channel unit sharing: Supports the channel sharing of 24 carrier-sectors with the CSM (Cell Site Modem chip) being the resolution. Different types of BTSs can be configured through corresponding software configurations, such as 8C3S, 8C6S, and 1C24S; With the transmission system of a high multiplexing ratio at the base band RF interface, it supports the data transmission of 24 carrier-sectors through a pair of fibers, and the ring networking and link backup changeover with high reliability ; It supports the board logics and dynamic software download, thus reducing much work of upgrade and maintenance.
2.5
High Reliability
It supports the N+1 backup mode of TRX or LPA; Advanced designs of EMC and EMI; The remote RF station supports ring networking as well as link backup / switchover, thus considerably improving transmission reliability; The clock system accommodates the GPS and the GLONASS at the same time; All key boards adopt the design of 1+1 hot backup; GPS adopts dual-ovenized crystal to ensure short-term stability of the clock. The HOLDOVER algorithm is adopted to enable 72-hour locked mode after the GPS signals are lost, so that the normal operation of the BTS can be guaranteed.
14
2.6
2.7
2.8
15
The remote RFS also provides OW phone interfaces to enable communication between the BDS/BSC and the RFS; The BTSB has the test module BTM to provide the BTS with functions like on-line test, calibration and performance evaluation; Powerful on-line upgrade capability (including logic, MCU program, BOOT program, and FLASH file) to facilitate maintenance; The GUI (Graphic User Interface) with unified style is friendly and simple in operation. It provides topology map, toolbar, and real rack layout, making the maintenance work convenient and effective; Object-oriented design makes it easy to add new functions, so that the system can adapt to the continuous growth of CDMA network. With tailored solutions it can meet the specific requirement of various users.
16
MAIN FUNCTIONS
BTSB possesses powerful functions such as radio resource assignment, control and power control.
3.1
3.2
3.3
17
As shown in the above figure, a mobile phone at point A is relatively far from the transmitting antenna of the BTS, while the transmission loss of electric wave in the space is proportional to the 3rd power of the distance; therefore, to ensure the communication quality, the mobile phone at point A has to use relative high transmitting power during communication. Comparatively, point B is closer to the BTS transmitting antenna, hence smaller transmission loss; so, to obtain similar communication quality, a mobile phone at point B can use lower transmitting power during communication. When a mobile phone in communication is moving from point A towards point B, the power control can reduce its transmitting power gradually. On the contrary, if it is moving from point B towards point A, the power control can increase its transmitting power gradually. Power control can be divided into forward power control and backward power control, either of which is performed independently. The so-called backward power control refers to the control of the mobile phone transmitting power, while forward power control refers to the control of the BS transmitting power. Whether it is forward power control or backward power control, both of them can reduce the interference in the forward or backward direction, and simultaneously decrease the power consumption of mobile phones or BTS by decreasing the transmitting power. And the most obvious advantages shown by them are: the average conversation quality of the whole CDMA network is improved, the network capacity is enhanced and the usage time of the mobile phone batteries is prolonged. In a CDMA cellular mobile communication system, the following power control modes are available: Backward open-loop power control; Backward closed-loop power control; Backward outer-loop power control; Forward closed-loop power control.
3.3.1
18
signal power from the BTS, and thereby determines its own transmitting power. That means the backward open-loop power control is intended to eliminate the average link loss and slow attenuation (caused by the shadow effect). The backward open-loop power control algorithm is as follows: In access state, to prevent the MS from transmitting too high power at the beginning, which cause unnecessary interference, the MS first uses the access trial program; In the backward traffic channel state, the open-loop adjustment part of the average output power of an MS varies only with the average input power. To compensate for the average path loss and slow fading, the open-loop power control is provided with a very big dynamic range, which is least 32 dB. In addition, the open-loop power control response time should be neither too fast nor to slow, so as to avoid power waste along with the forward link fast fading. Generally, the response time constant can be 20 ~ 30ms, with the accuracy of 0.5 dB.
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
19
effect of forward power control is very little. As an effective forward power control algorithm is required to perform as quick control as possible, this system selects the threshold control mode. The forward power control algorithm can be described with the following two rules: Rule 1: If the power measurement report is received, the transmitting power is increased. Rule 2: If no power measurement report is received, the transmitting power is decreased.
During voice communication, what actually affects the voice quality is error frame rate: when the error frame rate is relatively high, users will subjectively feel that the voice quality is worse; when the error frame rate is relatively low, users will feel that the voice quality is better. In a CDMA system, it is defined that the up link error frame rate must not exceed a threshold, which is normally 1%, to ensure the voice quality. This threshold value can be implemented by determination of the ratio between increase of power amplitude and decrease of power amplitude. Based on this, a ideal parameter configuration is: If the communication link receives power measurement report, this channel transmitting power increases 1 dB; if no power measurement report is received, the forward channel transmitting power decreases 0.01 dB.
3.4
Each AT estimates the total receiving power of the assigned CDMA forward channels. Based on this measurement and the correction provided by the AN (Access Network), the AT adjusts its transmitting power to a predefined level to compensate the path loss of the AN. As for the close loop correction, the AT adjusts its transmitting power to response to each effective power
20
control command received on the forward link. In 1xEV-DO system, the AT adjusts its pilot power level based on the information transferred through the close loop power control, and the DRC (Data Rate Control) and ACK (Acknowledgment) channel power vary with the pilot channel power. The relative gains for the traffic, DRC and ACK channels shall be set with sufficient space for the power of the AT. The purpose of the close loop correction is to keep the reverse pilot receiving SNR within the threshold (PCT) or the setting value of the power control in spite of the channel condition, so that the desired PER (Packet Error Rate) can be guaranteed (the nominal PER is 1%). The RPC (Reverse Power Control) is used to adjust the power control threshold dynamically to ensure the 1% PER algorithm for the reverse traffic channel.
3.5
21
handoffs diversify and perfect CDMA handoffs, greatly reduce call loss rate, enhance the call connection rate and effectively improve communication quality.
3.5.1
Hard Handoff
ZXC10 BTSB supports all the following hard handoff modes: Handoff between different carriers within the same BTS; Handoff between different carriers in different BTSs within the same BSC; Handoff between different carrier frequencies in different BSCs within the same MSC; Handoff between different carrier frequencies in different BTSs of different MSCs.
The half soft handoff flow is implemented for handoff within the same BSC. Due to resource occupation, no identical carrier frequency is available nor can identical frame offset be used within the destination BTS, it is only possible to select other radio resources. However, in order to reduce the handoff seam without replacing the vocoder, such a handoff is sometimes called half soft handoff. After the air handoff instruction is sent, the radio resource and radio channel of the source BTS must be released.
3.5.2
Soft Handoff
ZXC10-BTSB supports all the following soft handoff modes: Handoff between different sectors of the same carrier frequency in the same BTS; Handoff in the same carrier between different BTSs in the same BTC; Handoff in the same carrier between different BSCs in the same MSC.
3.6
22
By way of virtual soft handoff mode, the Access terminal (AT) always dynamically select to receive data from the one active sector that own the best befitting forward radio condition. There are only one forward sector sending data at one time, which enhance the system data throughput greatly.
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
EVDO Channel
The 1xEV-DO Rev.A forward channel is time-division multiplexed by the following channels: forward pilot channel, forward MAC channel, and forward traffic/control channel. forward MAC channel including four subchannels: reverse power control channel RPC, data rate control lock channel DRCLock, reverse activated channel RA, ARQ channel). Forward control channel including asynchronous Control channel, Synchronous Control channel, Sub-Synchronous Control channel (SSC). The 1xEV-DO Rev.A reverse channel consists of the following channels: reverse access channel (including two subchannels: pilot channel and data channel), reverse traffic channel (including five subchannels: reverse pilot channel, reverse rate indication channel
23
RRI, data rate control channel DRC, Ack channel and data channel), reverse auxiliary pilot channel, Data Source Control subchannel (DSC). The 1xEV-DO Rev.A supports Multi-paging channel.
24
4
4.1
SYSTEM STRUCTURE
General Description of BTS
Division of the All-IP BTS and the relationship of the parts are illustrated in Fig. 6.
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
....
RFS
....
RFS
....
RFS
....
RFS
....
RFS
....
RFS
RFS
MBDS
BDS
To BSC
Figure 6 BTS Division and Parts Relationship
Illustrated in Fig.7 is the block diagram of BTS. It is composed of the Baseband Digital Subsystem (BDS), Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS) and Power Supply Subsystem (PWS). BDS: it consists of a Master Baseband Digital Subsystem (MBDS) and Slave Baseband Digital Subsystems (SBDS). A MBDS contains Channel Handling Module (CHM), Communication Control Module (CCM), Data Service Module (DSM), RF Interface Module (RIM), in-built SDH Network Module (SNM), GPS receiver, etc. There are 0 to multiple SBDS, with the structure similar to that of the MBDS. The SBDS may not have DSM, SNM and GPS receiver. The Slave CCM (SCM) in SBDS takes place of CCM in MBDS;
25
RFS: it includes two kinds of RFS: local RFS and remote RFS.consists of transceiver module (TRX), RF Management Module (RMM), Power Amplifier (PA), RF Front End (RFE) and BTS Test Module (BTM), etc; PWS: the primary power supply 220V/110V is converted into 48V DC.
4.2
4.2.1
26
It falls into two categories: Master baseband digital subsystem (MBDS) and slave baseband digital subsystem (SBDS). In a BTS, there can only be one MBDS which can own 0 to 4 SBDSs. Therefore, there can be up to five BDS shelves in a BTS. Structure of the MBDS in full configuration is illustrated in Fig. 8.
Seen from the figures, the working principle and structure of the SBDS are similar to that of the MBDS except that its configurations are simplified a little. However, with a large capacity DSM in the MBDS, configurations of the DSM in the SBDS is not required, as well as that of the GPS clock. When there is only MDBS, SNM will be configured. The clock of the SBDS is obtained from the MBDS and its Abis data can also be transmitted to the BSC directly or through the MBDS.
4.2.2
27
Media stream IP communication plane function: Upon media stream exchange, the CCM distributes routes of the voice/packet services between relative modules/units in the BTS and also between the BTS and the BSC; TOD (Time of Date) receiving and broadcasting function: It maintains/controls the GCM, receives TOD messages via UART interfaces and then broadcasts them between the MBDS and SBDS through the IP communication plane (signaling flow); Signaling flow IP communication plane function: It bears the signaling IP packets between relative modules/units in multiple BDSs of the BTS and between the BTS and the BSC; RFS signaling communication: After the RIM of the local BDS shelf receives the signaling through an HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) channel, it conducts the framing processing of the forward base band data of the local shelf and the RFS signaling, and then transports them to the RFS through multiplexed links; The CCM communicates with the active/standby RIM via a serial communication interface to configure it and perform O&M (Operations and Maintenance) management (base band RF interface). It performs direct monitor/control of the status of all the boards in the MBDS rack and indirect monitor/control in the SBDS through the SCM agent using signaling messages. The status includes the in-position indication, running indication, error indication, hard reset, and power-off; Active/standby control: If the CCM adopts the 1+1 active/standby control mode, there should be the active/standby control modules to fulfill the active/standby competition, changeover and control of all the communication channels and external input/output interfaces; Connects with the PWS rack via the communication port; Provides the signaling function.
4.2.3
28
The BDS subsystem supports interchangeable insertion of CHMs (CHM0 and CHM1/CHM2) to support multiple services.
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
29
4.2.7
4.2.8
4.2.9
4.2.10
30
BIM2, BIM3, BIM4, BIM5 and BIM6, of which, BIM0 to BIM5 are pluggable passive boards, but BIM6 is an unpluggable fiber interface board. Interchangeable insertion is not supported, therefore, with design measures to prevent erroneous plug-in, the subcards should be correctly inserted into the corresponding slots as shown in Fig. 10.
B I M 0
slot 0
B I M 1
slot 1
B I M 1
slot 2
B I M 1
slot 3 slot 4
B I M 6
slot 5
B I M 1
slot 6
B I M 2
slot 7
B I M 3
slot 8
B I M 4
slot 9 slot 10
B I M 6
slot 11
B I M 6 5
slot 12
B I M 5
slot 13
BIM Type
31
BIM Type
Interface Name
Interface Descriptions Media stream communication interfaces between the SBDS0 and the MBDS
BIM1
SBDS2
that work in the active/standby mode Control flow communication interfaces between the SBDS0 and the MBDS that work in the active/standby mode Cascaded data interfaces between the SBDS0 and the MBDS, including the system clock, circuit clock, control reset line, HW signal and order wire signal. Note: Upon cascading the SBDS3, the MBDS connects to it via the control
BIM2
SBDS3
flow/media stream communication interfaces, using one of the SBDS0, SBDS1 and SBDS2 instead of being in the star mode. Cascaded data interfaces between the SBDS1 and the MBDS. The data includes the system clock, circuit clock, control reset line, HW signal and orderwire signal.
BIM3
EXTEND
It is used for the downlink E1/T1 daisy chain cascading of the BTS or connecting the external equipment (up to 8 E1s/T1s can be connected upon configuration of the SNM). Or, as the uplink extended E1/T1 interface of the BTS, it supports up to 16 E1s/T1s to be connected.
BIM4
RFS TEST
Control flow FE debugging interface of the BTS, providing direct access point for the LMT. Media stream FE debugging interface of the BTS. BTS orderwire telephone interface LRFS circuit interface including the system clock, RF reference clock, base band-RF interface data and control reset line.
As a wire spool for fibers of the BIM6, it is covered by the dummy panel. Six pairs of optical interfaces connecting the RRFS; the master RIM supports 6 pairs (fixed and unpluggable). Six pairs of optical interfaces connecting the RRFS; the slave RIM supports 6 pairs (fixed and unpluggable). PWS circuit interface, including the RS485 communication interface, control reset line and remote download line for the single-chip microcomputer. External extended RS232/RS485 interface External sensor interfaces involving the temperature, humidity, smoke, flooding and door access control. Extended boolean value input interface GPS interface complying with the standard issued by the ministry of posts and telecommunications
32
4.3
4.3.1
The RFS includes the following modules: Transceiver module (TRX): Completes the signal up/down conversion and supports the 6 + 1 active/standby; RF management module (RMM): Completes the RF-BDS interfaces, and can be configured to work in the active/standby mode; Power amplifier (PA): Completes the power amplification of the forward signals and supports the 6 + 1 active/standby, includes Linear Power Amplification (LPA) and Digital Predistortion Amplification (DPA); Power interface module (PIM): Completes the interface functions of the PA; RF front end (RFE): Completes the feeder interface and reverse low noise amplification; BTS test module (BTM): Completes the BTS wireless test; Site alarm module (SAM): Provides the environment monitoring. Transmit switch module (TSM): Completes cross-connection of the TRX forward signals to realize backup. Receive switch module (RSM): Completes cross-connection of the TRX reverse signals to realize backup; Power distribution (PD): Completes the power distribution.
33
RFS input/output interfaces: The local RFS provides a set of cables for connecting the BDS; The remote RFS provides a set of fibers for connecting the BDS or other RFSs.
4.3.2
4.3.3
34
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
35
temperature and is applied in the CDMA system. Therefore, it is difficult to design and produce the LPA, one of the key modules of the BTS. The LPA provides the following functions: Seven LPAs are configured to realize the 6 + 1 backup mode, which is implemented through the input cross-connection options on the TSM and the output cross-connection options on the BLPA (Backplane of LPA) backplane; Implements the linear power amplification of the input RF signals; Ensures good working performance of the LPA in appropriate temperature and power wander environment, and provides complete alarming, monitoring and protection of the working status;
4.3.9
4.3.10
36
Provides interfaces to support the repeater. Each link provides three lines of RF interfaces: TX, RX0 and RX1; Inserts and obtains the BTM signals (DUP forward obtaining and DUP reverse/DIV insertion); Provides the TX testing port for testing or sampling of the predistortion condition; Detects the status of the low-noise amplifier; Detects the standing wave ration of the transmitting channel and determine the feeder matching status; Monitors the forward power, including the total power and single frequency power; Cooperates to complete automatic calibration of the output power; Reports the power information, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), alarm messages, and LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) status to the RMM through the serial port; Supports dynamic software downloading.
4.3.11
4.3.12
4.4
4.4.1
37
PRM: Primary power rectifier module (only used for AC input), which can be configured to work in the 5 + 1 backup mode.
The PWS configuration may fall into two cases: If the customer provides the -48 V communication power, configuration of the PWS is not needed; if the customer provides the 220V/110V AC, the PWS should be configured as shown in Fig. 12: The 220V/110V AC passes the APD, and then passes the PRM for rectification and conversion into -48 V to be output. The PMM monitors the power supply.
4.4.2
4.4.3
38
4.4.4
39
5.1
Performance Management
The performance management includes: Evaluates the performance of the BTS; Receives commands of the background modules, executes the corresponding operations and then reports the result to the background modules; The performance indices of the BTS include the traffic volume, resource availability and access, changeover, power control, payload and QoS.
5.2
Fault Management
The fault management is composed of two parts: alarm management and diagnosis test. The alarm management part manages alarms and alarm recovery of the BTS. While the control part collects the BTS board status reports, generates alarm/alarm recovery messages accordingly, and then reports them to the alarm foreground module. The foreground module receives the alarm/alarm recovery messages, saves the alarm messages in the alarm pool with a certain data structure, forwards alarm/alarm recovery messages to the background, and synchronize the alarms of the background and the foreground; The diagnosis test part implements the diagnosis test of the CCM system. Working on the CCM, it receives commands from the background, executes the corresponding operations and then reports the result to the background module. The background module for the diagnosis test receives the man-machine commands, interprets and locates the test points, and displays, prints and saves the test results via the man-machine interface.
40
5.3
System Tool
The system tool provides some value-added services such as signaling tracing and service observation. It receives and interprets the man-machine commands, sends them to the corresponding foreground, and classifies, displays, prints and saves the test results.
5.4
Version Management
It implements upgrade of the version software, logic and board software on the foreground hardware modules of the BTS, including version download, query, synchronization and maintenance of all the boards in the entire BTS, and management of relative parameters.
5.5
State Control
The state control module functionally serves to: Monitor and report status of BDS boards; Block/unblock the BTS resources; Process the BTS alarms; Support the BTS alarm recovery.
5.6
Real-time Monitoring
It checks the peripheral circuit of the board for any abnormality, detects the status of key components of the boards, monitors the status of the board resources, and manages the real-time status of the controlled modules.
41
6
6.1
42
6.2
6.2.1
The networking mode between the BTS and the BSC can be a flexible combination of the three network topologies mentioned above. Physically, the interface between the BTS and the BSC can be E1/T1 or the SDH, or a combination of them. In the case of the E1/T1 interface, the DSM is used for termination, while in the case of the SDH interface, the SNM is used. Both the E1/T1 and SDH interfaces support the star, ring, chain or combined networking mode.
43
6.2.2
In addition to the E1/T1 and SDH interfaces for connection of the BSC to the BTS, the Ethernet can also be used when they have a short distance. The BTS and the BSC can be installed in an equipment room. Since the ZTE All-IP single BTS can support services of 120 carrier-sectors, all the BTSs in the entire service area can be installed in the BSC equipment room and they cover the entire cell through several remote RF stations using the fibers. Upon connecting through the Ethernet, complex Abis link compression protocols at both the BSC and BTS sides can be omitted to reduce the cost and improve the reliability.
6.2.3
44
Star networking: The quantity of fibers lead out from the BDS should equal that of the RF stations due to the point-to-point connection mode, and the scale of a RF station is restricted accordingly. For example, with n lines of fibers, the BDS can support n remote RF stations; Chain/ring networking: It allows few fibers to be led out from the BDS, however, the features of the chain networking mode restrict the reliability improvement. Fig. 17 shows the reliability comparison between a chain network and a ring network upon link fault. As shown in Fig. 17, there are 7 remote RF stations and the link between R3 and R4 fails. In a chain network, the data of needs to pass through R3, therefore, they cannot work in such a case. However, if a ring network is in the same situation, R4, R5, R6 and R7 can obtain the data from the BDS in the anti-clockwise direction instead of the clockwise direction to ensure normal running; Fibers can be adopted between the BTS and the remote RF stations upon a long distance connection, which is quite reliable. In addition to the dual-fiber-dual-ring backup mode, the four-fiber backup mode can also be adopted, which is more reliable but requires more fibers.
45
Figure 17 Reliability Comparison between a Chain Network and a Ring Network (with link failure)
6.3
6.3.1
BTS Configuration
Key Parameters
A single BTS rack (with the BDS and RFS racks integrated) can support up to 24 carriersectors (8Carriers3Sectors or 4Carriers6Sectors); Each BTS has a maximum of 1 MBDS shelf and 0 to 4 SBDS shelf; The ABIS interface supports the ring, star and tree networking modes and the generic one is the star networking; Quantity of the BTS remote RF stations: Up to 24 for a BDS rack; A single RFS rack (indoor): Supports up to 24 carrier-sectors (8Carriers3Sectors or 4Carriers6Sectors); There are three types of CHMs, CHM0, CHM1 and CHM2. CHM0 supports the CDMA2000 1x, the CHM1 supports the 1xEV-DO Rev0 and the CHM2 supports the 1xEV-DO RevA. The PWS is optional. If the customer provides the -48 V power supply, it is not required; The TRX and the PA support the N + 1 backup mode (N6); The BTS supports up to 120 carrier-sectors.
6.3.2
Typical Configurations
There are three configuration modes of the BTS as shown in Fig. 18.
46
A macro-BTS can lead out several remote RF stations which can be installed indoors or outdoors. Either the star/chain networking or the more reliable ring networking can be adopted between the BDS and the RFS. In each pair of fiber, data of 24 carrier-sectors are integrated, largely decreasing the required quantity of fibers, as shown in Fig.19.
6.3.3
BDS Configurations
The full configuration situation is shown in Fig.20. Of the boards, the GCM, RIM, CCM, DSM and SNM work in the active/standby mode. Up to 8 CHM boards can be configured to form the channel share pool.
47
The low configuration situation is shown in Fig.21. The CHM boards can be reduced according to the service requirements; backup of the GCM/RIM/DSM/SNM is not required; the SNM is optional for configuration and can be replaced by the peripheral optical transmission equipment. However, the CCM is recommended to be backed up.
SBDS: It is similar to the MBDS shelf in structure, as shown in Fig.22. However, it is not necessary to configure the DSM, SNM and GCM.
How many CHMs to be configured: A 1x CHM can support 256 channels of channel units, therefore, there should be k/256 1x CHMs (k stands for the total desired service volume); An 1xEV-DO CHM can support processing of 3 carrier-sectors, therefore, there should be n/3 1xEV-DO CHMs (n stands for the total 1xEV-DO carrier-sectors); 1x and 1xEV-DO CHMs are interchangeable.
48
6.3.4
RFS Configurations
In the case of 4 carriers (consecutive) and 3 sectors, 3 TRXs and 3 PAs are used as shown in Fig. 23.
In the case of 4 carriers (consecutive) and 6 sectors, 6 TRXs and 6 PAs are used as shown in Fig. 24. In the case of 8 carriers (consecutive) and 3 sectors, 6 TRXs and 6 PAs are used as shown in Fig. 24.
RFS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
S A M
B T M
T T T T R R T T T T R R R R R M M R R R S S X X X X M M X X X M M
RF E
RF E
RF E
RF E
RF E
RF E
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Two RFS racks should be connected to realize the 16 carriers, as shown in Fig. 25. There is only one sector is given in the figure but the other three are the same. In the forward direction, two combiners are used to realize the two 8 carriers respectively which are sent out through two
49
antennas; in the reverse direction, two antennas of a sector act as the master and diversity reception, in this way, the frequency signals can be distributed to the local rack and also another rack.
One more PA needs to be configured to implement PA backup; One more TRX, in addition to the TSM/RSM, needs to be configured to implement TRX backup.
6.3.5
PWS Configurations
The PWS configuration falls into two cases: If the customer provides the -48V communication power supply, it is not required; If the customer provides the 220V/110V AC, PWS configurations should be conducted as shown in Fig.25: The 220V/110V AC passes the APD, and then passes the PRM after for rectification and conversion into -48V DC to be output. The PMM monitors the power supply.
50
51
7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room
Table 3 Gross Equipment Weight and Ground Bearing Capacity of the Equipment Room
Configuration 4 carriers and 1 sector (4C1S) 4C3S 4C6S / 8C3S Weight Around 246.5 kg ; that is about 543.4303 pounds Around 304.5 kg ; that is about 671.2963 pounds Around 393 kg ; that is about 866.4021 pounds
7.1.3
52
1 2 3
7.1.4
Power Consumption
Table 5 BTSB (I1) Power Consumption during Normal Working (with DPA) 1x Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading)
1330 W 1370 W 2350 W 2400 W 2330 W 2420 W 1840 W 1880 W 3370 W 3410 W 3350 W 3440 W
Typical Configuration
1C(Carrier)3 S(Sector) 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S 1C6S 4C6S 1C3S 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S 1C6S 4C6S
Output Power
40W 40W 40W 40W 40W 40W 60W 60W 60W 60W 60W 60W
Table 6
BTSB (I1) Power Consumption during Normal Working (with LPA) 1x Maximum Power Consumption (Full-Loading)
1750 W 1790 W 3190 W 3240 W 3170 W
Typical Configuration
1C(Carrier)3 S(Sector) 4C3S 5C3S 8C3S 1C6S
Output Power
53
7.1.5
Grounding Requirements
Joint grounding resistance 1; BTS grounding resistance 5 .
7.1.6
BTS
Working Humidity
15%RH~93%RH
that is 23F~113F
7.1.7
Noise Requirments
BTS working environmental noise 75 dBA.
7.2
7.2.1
Performance Indices
Interface Indices
Physical link of the Abis interface supports the E1/T1 and SDH connection mode; Interfaces between BDS and the remote RFS station: Physical links are connected through fibers.
7.2.2
Capacity Indices
A single rack (combination of the BDS and RFS) can support a maximum of 24 carriersectors (8C3S or 4C6S); A BDS rack (in a stackable architecture) can support up to 120 carrier-sectors; Remote RFS station networking modes: Star, chain and ring; Quantity of remote RFS stations: one BDS shelf supports up to 24 stations, with 5 of them supporting up to 120 stations; A RFS rack (indoor) can support up to 24 carrier-sectors (8C3S or 4C6S).
7.2.3
Reliability Indices
The reliability indices are given as follows:
54
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): >100000 hours; Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): 0.25 hours; Availability: > 99.9999%.
7.2.4
RF Indices
The RF indices of the CDMA BTS is specified according to the IS-97D CDMA BSS Lowest Performance Standard. Currently, the system supports five bands specified in the standard: Band Class 0 (800MHz), Band Class 1 (1.9GMHz), Band Class 5 , (450MHz) Band Class 6 (2.1GMHz) and Band Class 10(850MHz). 1. Band Class 0 (800MHz), Band Class 5 (450MHz), Band Class 10 (850MHz) Receiver indices (low noise amplification)
Band Class 0 ,5,10 1.23 MHz (Band Class 0), 1.25MHz (Band Class 5, 10) -127 dBm The lower limit stands for the receiver sensitivity, while the upper limit for the noise level. For -65dBm/1.23MHz (Eb/N0= 10 dB 1 dB), the FER(Frame Error Rate) should be less than 1%. Impedance Performance BAND 0: With the central frequency offset being 750kHz and the single tone interference being 50 dB when compared with the CDMA signal level, the FER should be less than 1.5% and the increased output power of the MSs should be less than 3 dB. With the central frequency offset being 900 kHz and the single tone interference being 87 dB when compared with the CDMA signal level, the FER should be less than 1.5% and the increased output power of the MSs should be less than 3 dB. BAND 5: With the central frequency offset being 900 kHz and the single tone interference being 87 dB when compared with the CDMA signal level, the FER should be less than 1.5% and the increased output power of the MSs should be less than 3 dB. BAND 10: With the central frequency offset being 1.25MHz and the single tone interference being 80 dB when compared with the CDMA signal level, the FER should be less than 1.5% and the increased output power of the MSs should be less than 3 dB. Inter-modulation Response Spurious BAND 0, 5: With the central frequency offset being 900 kHz / 1.7 MHz and the dual tone
Attenuation
55
Sensitivity
Transmitter indices
Working Band Transmitter Frequency Tolerance Channel Bandwidth Transmission Modulation Conductive Spurious Emission and Radiation Spurious Emission Compression 1.23 MHz (BAND 0), 1.25MHz (BAND 5, 10) Quadrature modulation < -45 dBc @ 750 kHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -60 dBc @ 1.98 MHz >4MHz OFFSET: < -36dBm(RBW 1kHz) @ <-36dBm(RBW 10kHz) @ <-30dBm(RBW 1MHz) @ <-36dBm(RBW 1kHz) @ <-36dBm(RBW 10kHz) @ >16MHz OFFSET: <-36dBm(RBW 100kHz) @ Code Domain Power Total Power Waveform Quality (Multifrequencies) Pilot Time Tolerance It shall be less than 3us. The difference between two CDMA channels should be less than 1 us; once the external system clock is interrupted, the timing error 30MHz<f< 1GHz The code domain power of an inactive channel should be less than the total power output and equals to 32 dB The total transmission power should be within the offset of the rated power: -4 dB ~ +2 dB (for the definition and test of the total power, refer to the IS-97D) Cross relation coefficient > 0.98 9KHz<f <150KHz 150KHz<f< 30MHz 1GHz<f< 12.5GHz 30MHz<f< 1GHz 30MHz<f< 1GHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) Band Class 0, 5, 10 510-8
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2.
Impedance Performance
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Transmitter indices:
Band Class1, 6 510-8 1.25 MHz Quadrature modulation Within the Band Class 6: < -45 dBc @ 885 kHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -55 dBc @ 1.98 MHz offset Center Freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -13 dBm @ 2.75 MHz offset Center Freq (RBW 1 MHz) >4MHz OFFSET: < -36dBm(RBW 1kHz) @ 9KHz<f <150KHz <-36dBm(RBW 10kHz) @ 150KHz<f< 30MHz <-36dBm(RBW 100kHz) @ 30MHz<f< 1GHz 4MHz TO 16MHz OFFSET: <-30dBm(RBW 30kHz) @ 1GHz<f< 12.5GHz 16MHz TO 19.2M OFFSET: <-30dBm(RBW 300kHz) @ 1GHz<f< 12.5GHz The code domain power of an inactive channel should be less than the total power output and equals to 32 dB. (Note: it is defined as 32dB in the YDN 091.2-1998 specifications, while 27dB in the IS-97 specifications). The total transmission power should be within the offset of the rated power: -4 dB ~ +2 dB (for the definition and test of the total power, refer to the IS-97D) Cross relation coefficient > 0.98 It is less than 3us. The difference between two CDMA channels should be less than 1 us; once the external system clock is interrupted, the timing error of the BTS should be less than 10 us within eight hours as compared with the CDMA system time.
Working Band Transmitter Frequency Tolerance Channel Bandwidth Transmission Modulation Conductive Spurious Emission and Radiation Compression Spurious Emission
Total Power
Time Tolerance between the Pilot Channel and the Code Channel Phase Tolerance between the Pilot Channel and the Code Channel Pilot Power Output Power Output Linear Dynamic Range RF (Transmitting) Front End Standing Wave Ratio
Within the same CDMA channel: < 50 ns Within the same CDMA channel: 0.05 rad The ratio of the pilot power to the total power should be within 0.5 dB, as compared with the configured value. 40W /60W > 30 dB < 1.50
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7.2.5
7.2.6
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APPENDIX A: ABBREVIATIONS
Table 8
1xEV 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV AAA Abis ACK AN APD AT ATM A BBDS BDS BIM BLPA BPD BSC BSS BTM BTS CCM CE CHM CRC CSM DBS DSC DSM DPA DRC EPLD R-ACH
Abbreviations Abbreviation
1x Evolution 1x Evolution Data Only 1x Evolution Data & Voice Authentication Authorization Accounting Abis Interfacethe interface of BSC--BTS Acknowledgment Access Network AC Power Distribution Access Terminal Asynchronous Transfer Mode A Interfacethe interface of BSC-MSC Backplane of BDS Baseband Digital System BDS Interface Module Backplane of LPA BDS Power Distribution Base Station Controller Base Station System BTS Test Module Module
Full Name
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Full Name
Forward/Reverse Dedicated Control Channel Forward/Reverse Fundamental Channel Forward Paging Channel Forward/Reverse Pilot Channel Forward Quick Paging Channel Forward/Reverse Supplemental Channel Forward Sync Channel Foreign Agent Fast Ethernet Frame Error Rate Field Programmable Gate Arrays GPS Control Module Giga Bit Ethernet Home Agent High-level Data Link Control High Data Rate Home Location Register High Rate Packet Data Internet Protocol Local Management Terminal Low Noise Amplifier Linear Power Amplifier Media Access Control Master Baseband Digital System Mobile Switch Center Mean Time Between Criteria Faults Mean Time Between Faults Mean Time To Recovery Network Management Network Management System Operations and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance Center Orthogonal Transmit Diversity Power Amplifier Packet Control Function Packet Data Serving Node Packet Error Rate Power Interface module Power Monitoring Module Pulse Per 2 seconds Point to Point Protocol Primary power Rectifier Module
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Full Name
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