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ABSTRACT
Now a days,everybody wants to lead a comfortable life as we are very much addicted to the advanced technology. So nobody wants to lose that comforts and still waiting for the advancement in technology The objective of this project is to enable users to remotely control their home appliances and systems using a cell phone-based interface. This project uses the DTMF technology which are used in cellphone communication. DTMF is a multi frequency tone dialing system used by the push button keypads in telephone and mobile sets to convey the number or key dialled by the caller .The remote user has to make a call to the phone that has been interfaced with the circuit and press the control digit, as soon as control digit is pressed a dual tone multi frequency corresponding to the control digit is generated at the headphone pin which is decoded to binary by the IC CM/MT 8870. Thus this binary code generated can be used to control the number of application by decoding the binary code by using 4:16 decoder. The circuit is then followed by a not gate and flip flop to generate the control signal for switching on/off of a device.

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2.INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS DTMF: DTMF (dual tone multi frequency) is the signal to the phone company that you generate when you press an ordinary telephone's touch keys. In the United States and perhaps elsewhere, it's known as "Touchtone" phone (formerly a registered trademark of AT&T). DTMF has generally replaced loop disconnect ("pulse") dialling. With DTMF, each key you press on your phone generates two tones of specific frequencies. So that a voice can't imitate the tones, one tone is generated from a high-frequency group of tones and the other from a low frequency group. Here are the signals you send when you press your Touchtone phone keys:

Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 * #

Low High frequencyfrequency 697 697 697 770 770 770 852 852 852 941 941 941 1209 Hz 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1336 1209 1477

A number of companies make microchips that send and receive DTMF signals. The Telephony Application Program Interface (TAPI) provides a way for a program to detect DTMF digits.

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DTMF (Dual tone multi frequency) as the name suggests uses a combination of two sine wave tones to represent a key. These tones are called row and column frequencies as they correspond to the layout of a telephone keypad.

low group frequencies. The column frequencies belong to high group frequencies. This prevents misinterpretation of the harmonics. Also the frequencies for DTMF are so chosen that none have a harmonic relationship with the others and that mixing the frequencies would not produce sum or product frequencies that could mimic another valid tone. The high-group frequencies (the column tones) are slightly louder than the low-group to compensate for the high-frequency roll off of voice audio systems. The row and column frequencies corresponding to a DTMF keypad have been indicated in the above figure. DTMF tones are able to represent one of the 16 different states or symbols on the keypad. This is equivalent to 4 bits of data, also known as nibble.

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3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND ITS DISCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

DTMF Signals

CM/MT 8870

4 Digit Binary

4:16 Decoder

Clock

Transistor
Control voltage for relay

Control Signal

D- FLIP

Relay

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3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

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3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

Here is a teleremote circuit which enables switching on and off of appliances through telephone lines. It can be used to switch appliances from any distance, overcoming the limited range of infrared and radio remote controls. The circuit described here can be used to switch up to nine appliances (corresponding to the digits 1 through 9 of the telephone key-pad). The DTMF signals on telephone instrument are used as control signals. The digit 0 in DTMF mode is used to toggle between the appliance mode and normal telephone operation mode. Thus the telephone can be used to switch on or switch off the appliances also while being used for normal conversation. The circuit uses IC KT3170 (DTMF-to-BCD converter), 74154 (4-to-16-line demult-iplexer), and five CD4013 (D flip-flop) ICs. The working of the circuit is as follows. Once a call is established (after hearing ring-back tone), dial 0 in DTMF mode. IC1 decodes this as 1010, which is further demultiplexed by IC2 as output O10 (at pin 11) of IC2 (74154). The active low output of IC2, after inversion by an inverter gate of IC3 (CD4049), becomes logic 1. This is used to toggle flip-flop-1 (F/F-1) and relay RL1 is energised. Relay RL1 has two changeover contacts, RL1(a) and RL1(b). The energised RL1(a) contacts provide a 220-ohm loop across the telephone line while RL1(b) contacts inject a 10kHz tone on the line, which indicates to the caller that appliance mode has been selected. The 220-ohm loop on telephone line disconnects the ringer from the telephone line in the exchange. The line is now connected for appliance mode of operation. If digit 0 is not dialed (in DTMF) after establishing the call, the ring continues and the telephone can be used for normal conversation. After selection of the appliance mode of operation, if digit 1 is dialed, it is decoded by IC1 and its output is 0001. This BCD code is then demultiplexed by 4-to-16-line demultiplexer IC2 whose corresponding output, after inversion by a CD4049 inverter gate, goes to logic 1 state. This pulse toggles the corresponding flip-flop to alternate state. The flip-flop output is used to drive a relay (RL2) which can switch on or switch off the appliance connected through its contacts. By dialing other digits in a similar way, other appliances can also be switched on or off. Once the switching operation is over, the 220-ohm loop resistance and 10kHz tone needs to be removed from the telephone line. To achieve this, digit 0 (in DTMF mode) is dialed again to toggle flip-flop-1 to de-energise relay RL1, which terminates the loop on line and the 10kHz tone is also disconnected. The telephone line is thus again set free to receive normal calls.This circuit is to be connected in parallel to the telephone instrument

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4.COMPONENTS STUDY
4.1 CM/MT 8870
TheCM8870 provides full DTMF receiver capability by integrating both the bandsplit filter and digitaldecoder functions into a single 18-pin DIP, SOIC, or 20-pin PLCC package. The CM8870 is manufactured usingstate-of-the-art CMOS process technology for low power consumption (35mW, max.) and precise data handling. Thefilter section uses a switched capacitor technique for both high and low group filters and dial tone rejection. TheCM8870 decoder uses digital counting techniques for the detection and decoding of all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a4-bit code. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CM 8870 IC:

FILTER SECTION: Separation of the low-group and high-group tones is achieved by applying the dual-tone signal to the inputs of two 9th-order switched capacitor bandpass filters. The bandwidths of these filters correspond to the bands enclosing the low-group and high-group tone.
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DECODER SECTION: The CM8870/70C decoder uses a digital countingtechnique to determine the frequencies of the limited tones and to verify that these tones correspond to standard DTMF frequencies. A complex averaging algorithm is used to protect against tone simulation by extraneous signals (such as voice) while providing tolerance to small frequency variations.

Specifications:

Parameter
Operating Supply Voltage Operating Supply Current Low Level Input Voltage High Level Input Voltage Low Level Output Voltage High Level Output Voltage Tone Present Detection Time Min Tone Duration Accept

Symbol
VDD IDD VIL VIH VOL VOH tDP tREC

Min Max
4.75
5.25

Units
V mA V V V V Ms mS

7.0 1.5
3.5

0.03
4.97

14 40

PIN Diagram:

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SYSTEM DESIGN
Design values for CM8870 1 The DTMF tones from the mobile phone on the receiver side are given to a differential amplifier whose gain can be varied by connecting a feedback resistor from pin no. 3(which is the output of opamp) of CM8870. In our application the required gain is unity so we select, R1=100Kohms R2=100Kohms =>Gain=R2/R1=1. 1. The internal clock circuit of CM8870 is completed with addition of a ceramic resonator having resonant frequency of 3.58MHz. 2. Before the registration of a decoded tone pair, the receiver (CM8870) checks for a valid signal duration (duration for which a key is pressed by the remote user).This check is performed by an external RC time constant driven by Eat.The minimum time duration for which a key should be pressed to validate itself is decided by R3& C3.There values are decided by the formula: Trec=tdp+tgtp Where, tgtp=0.67*R3*C3 tdp is the time to detect the presence of a valid signal. So it is a parameter of the device. trec is the minimum time duration for which a key must be pressed by the remote user for validation. For, trec= 40ms R3=300Kohms C3=0.1uf 3. TOE(pin no. 10 of CM8870)->This is the Tone Output Enable. A low level shifts Q1-Q4 to its high impedance state. A high level makes the binary output available on the output pins (Q1-Q4). 4. INH (pin no. 5) of CM8870 is made low so that it detects only the keys from 0-9
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FUNCTIONALTABLE:

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4.2 4-Line to 16-Line Decoder:

PINDIAGRAM:

4-line-to-16-line decoders utilizes TTL circuitry to decode four binary-coded inputs into one of sixteen mutually exclusive outputs when both the strobe inputs, G1 and G2, are low. The demultiplexing function is performed by using the 4 input lines to address the output line, passing data from one of the strobe inputs with the other strobe input low. When either strobe input is high, all outputs are high. These demultiplexers are ideally suited for implementing high-performance memory decoders. All inputs are buffered and input clamping diodes are provided to minimize transmission-line effects and thereby simplify system design.

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FUNCTIONAL TABLE:

Specifications:

Parameter
Supply Voltage High Level Input Voltage Low Level Input Voltage High Level Output Current Low Level Output Current

Symbol
VCC VIH VIL IOH IOL

Max
5.25

Min
4.75 2

Units
V

.8 -0.8 16

V mA mA

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Logic Diagram

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4.3 ICCD4049 (NOT GATE)

PIN DIAGRAM:

This IC inverts the given input voltage. i.e if given voltage is 0V the out put will be 5V and if given input voltage is 5V the output will be 0V. This IC can do 6 not operations. The table below shows the output pins for corresponding input pins INPUT 3 5 7 9 11 14 OUTPUT 2 4 6 10 12 15

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM:

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4.4 CD4013(D-Flip FLOP)

FLIP FLOP: A flip-flop is a circuit which exists in one of two states and so can store information. A simple flip-flop can be defined in terms of two NAND logic gates. Flip-flops are non linear circuits, meaning the output from one of its gates is fed 'back' to be processed with the input signal. Because flip-flops operate on an input signal mixed with this previous output signal their own outputs are dependent upon their previous state. A flip flop (F/F) is a device made out of digital gates that uses feedback to store the state (1 or 0) of its input(s). Flip Flops are frequently used to latch input data. Meaning that in a circuit they are fed some binary value and then hold it until the latch is turned off. All flip flops have at least one output labeled Q. Frequently they have a compliment labelled /Q. The 4 basic flip flops are RS, D, Toggle and JK flip flop D Flip Flops

TRUTH TABLE:

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('X' denotes a Don't care condition, meaning the signal is irrelevant) These flip flops are very useful, as they form the basis for shift registers, which are an essential part of many electronic devices. The advantage of the D flip-flop over the D-type latch is that it "captures" the signal at the moment the clock goes high, and subsequent changes of the data line do not influence Q until the next rising clock edge. An exception is that some flip-flops have a 'reset' signal input, which will reset Q (to zero), and may be either asynchronous or synchronous with the clock. The Q output always takes on the state of the D input at the moment of a rising clock edge. (or falling edge if the clock input is active low) It is called the D flip-flop for this reason, since the output takes the value of the D input or Data input, and Delays it by one clock count. The D flipflop can be interpreted as a primitive memory cell, zero-order hold, or delay line. CD-4013 The 4013 contains two independent D-type flip-flops with asynchronous set/reset inputs. Whenever the set or reset pins go high, the appropriate output is expressed immediately on the outputs. When set and reset are low, the output shows the data at the input at the time of the last low-to-high clock transistion. This is then held until the next transistion. PINDIAGRAM:

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INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM:

FUNCTIONAL TABLE:

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4.5 RELAY:

Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Relay operation: The basic relay operation can be explained by the fig shown below. The figure shown is a relay with 4 terminal where the terminals 1 and 3 are called control windings and 2,4 are used to make or break the circuit having higher voltages.

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When the current flows through the control winding the magnetic field is generated which makes the switch to close as shown below

INTERNAL DESIGN:

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TYPES OF RELAYS: Other relay variations include 3 and 5 pin relays. A 3-pin relay instead of 2 B+ input sources , this relay has one B+ input at pin1. Current splits inside the relay, supplying power to both the control and load circuits. 5-pin relay has a single control circuit, but two separate current paths or switch: one when the relay is de-energized (off-no current through control winding) and the other the energized (ON- current is flowing through current coil).when the 5-pin relay is de-energized (off),pins 4 and 5have continuity. When relay is energized (ON) pins 3 and 5 have continuity

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Checking the relay :

The working condition of the relay can be tested as illustrated in the above figure As there is a control winding between 1 and 3 the resistance will be around 100 As the terminal 2 and 4 are open circuited the resistance will infinite (Overload) When the control coil is given a supply you will hear a sound If the above stated 3 conditions are satisfied then relay is in working condition.

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5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUIT:

Let us suppose the keypad 1 is pressed so that corresponding frequencies 697, 1209 are generated at the earplug of the mobile phone which when given as the input to CM8870 decodes It and generates a binary code 0001 Now the out put at out pins of CM 8870 are as shown in table 11 pin 12 pin 13 pin 14 pin 1 0 0 0

When this are given as input to the decoder and the outputs of these decoders are given to the not gate as input thus the out puts obtained at the not gate terminal corresponding to 1 will be high when input on key pad is 1,and when 2 is pressed then not gate output corresponding to 2 will be high. Now let us suppose that the output of relay1 Q1,relay2 Q2 is high that is device 1 and 2 is on,and 1is given as input in key pad Terminal no Of not gate 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inputs 0 1 1 1 1 1 Table 1 Now if the key 2 is pressed the above values will be changed to the values shown in the below table Terminal no Of not gate 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inputs 1 0 1 1 1 1 Table 2 O/p Not gate 0 1 0 0 0 0 Clk 0 1 0 0 0 0 Q 1 0 0 0 0 0 O/p Not gate 1 0 0 0 0 0 clk 1 0 0 0 0 0 Q 1 1 0 0 0 0

When Key Pad input Is 1

When Key Pad input Is 2

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now we can observe that the output of relay 2 goes low because there is raising edge for the clock of relay 2 from table1 to table2 , so the device 2 gets turned off. Now consider 1is given as input on key pad then the values table2 changes to the values shown below Terminal no Of not gate 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inputs 0 1 1 1 1 1 Table 3 As there is a change in clock of flipflop1 from table2 to table3 the Q value changes from 1 to zero so that device 1 gets turned off The clock of flipflop2 changed from 1 to 0 from table2 to table3, as there is no raising edge there is no change in output and thus device 2 remains turned off O/p Not gate 1 0 0 0 0 0 clk 1 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0

When Key Pad input Is 1

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6. Cost of the components

Component 7806 Voltage regulator CM 8870 Crystal oscillator IC 74154 IC CD4049 IC CD4013 Relay 6v 100 Transistors Resistors Ceramic capacitors Battery Bulbs Transformer Holders TOTAL COST

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 1 3 1 3

Price/one 10 22 6 38 8 8 22 1 50p 50p 16 11 40 17

Total price(Rs) 10 22 6 38 8 16 66 3 1.50 1 16 33 40 51 312/-

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7. CONCLUSION:
By using this technology we can remotely control the home appliances from anywhere around the earth. But the only drawback of these project is that the status of the appliances cannot be monitored by remote user so this project may be improved in such a way that by interfacing this kit with a GSM module we can know the status of devices.Though this technology is not much used in controlling home appliances This technology will be very much useful for other applications like home security, controlling a robot with the camera infront from a remote place and record the surrounding with camera.

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8. REFERENCES:
1.Wikipedia 2.alldatasheet.com 3.www.autoshop101.com/forms/hweb2.pdf

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