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or 0 < < 90 .
opposite
hypotenuse
adjacent sin = opposite hypotenuse adjacent cos = hypotenuse opposite tan = adjacent hypotenuse opposite hypotenuse sec = adjacent adjacent cot = opposite csc =
w w
sin , can be any angle cos , can be any angle 1 tan , n + , n = 0, 1, 2, 2 csc , n , n = 0, 1, 2, 1 sec , n + , n = 0, 1, 2, 2 cot , n , n = 0, 1, 2,
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Domain The domain is all the values of that can be plugged into the function.
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sin ( )
cos ( )
sin =
y = y 1 x cos = x = 1 y tan = x
Period The period of a function is the number, T, such that f ( + T ) = ) . So, if f( is a fixed number and is any angle we have the following periods. T= T= T T T T 2 2
tan ( ) csc ( )
sec ( )
Range The range is all possible values to get out of the function. csc 1 and csc 1 1 sin 1 1 cos 1 sec 1 and sec 1 tan cot
cot ( )
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y 1 x
( x, y )
= 2 = 2 = =
tan 2 + 1 = 2 sec 1 + cot 2 = csc 2 Even/Odd Formulas sin ( ) =sin csc ( ) =csc cos ( ) = cos tan ( ) =tan Periodic Formulas If n is an integer. sin ( += sin 2 n ) sec ( ) = sec cot ( ) =cot
tan ( + n ) tan cot ( + n ) cot = = Double Angle Formulas sin ( 2 ) = 2sin cos = 2 cos 2 1
2
w .e
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csc ( += csc 2 n )
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Degrees to Radians Formulas If x is an angle in degrees and t is an angle in radians then t x 180t = t= and x = 180 x 180
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sin = cos 2 csc = sec 2 tan = cot 2
Tangent and Cotangent Identities sin cos = = tan cot cos sin Reciprocal Identities 1 1 csc sin = = sin csc 1 1 sec cos = = cos sec 1 1 cot tan = = tan cot Pythagorean Identities sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
Half Angle Formulas 1 2 sin = (1 cos ( 2 ) ) 2 1 2 cos = (1 + cos ( 2 ) ) 2 1 cos ( 2 ) tan 2 = 1 + cos ( 2 ) Sum and Difference Formulas sin ( ) sin cos cos sin =
tan tan tan ( ) = 1 tan tan Product to Sum Formulas 1 sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + ) 2 1 cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + ) 2 1 sin cos = sin ( + ) + sin ( ) 2 1 = cos sin sin ( + ) sin ( ) 2 Sum to Product Formulas + sin + sin = 2sin cos 2 2 + sin sin = 2 cos sin 2 2 + cos + cos = 2 cos cos 2 2 + cos cos = 2sin sin 2 2 Cofunction Formulas
cos = sin 2 sec = csc 2 cot = tan 2
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Unit Circle
( 0,1)
1 3 , 2 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 1 , 2 2
2 2 3 90 120 60
5 6
3 4
150
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4
45 45
135
( 1,0 )
180
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225 225
w .e
3 1 , 2 2
7 6
xa
210
2 2 , 2 2
5 4
4 3
240
1 3 , 2 2
1 3 , 2 2
For any ordered pair on the unit circle ( x, y ) : cos = x and sin = y Example 3 5 1 5 = = cos sin 2 3 2 3
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1 3 , 2 2 2 2 2 , 2
3 1 , 2 2
30
0
360
0 2
(1,0 )
330
11 6
3 1 , 2 2
2 2 , 2 2
y y
1 x 1 1 x 1 < x <
2 2 0 y
m
c
xa w .e
b
ra
2
< y<
Law of Cosines a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos Mollweides Formula a + b cos 1 ( ) 2 = c sin 1 2
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Alternate Notation sin 1 x = arcsin x cos 1 x = arccos x tan 1 x = arctan x
a c tan 1 ( ) 2 = 1 a + c tan 2 ( + )
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