GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUES HIGH SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE ************************************************************************

GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUES HIGH SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE ( STATION ROAD, THANE (W) 400 601 ) 2009 2010

TWI LIGHT SWITCH PARTICIPANTS TANMAY PATEL ( ROLL NO )

PROJECT GUIDE PROF. PRINCIPAL

DEPARTMENT OF M.C.V.C.

GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUES HIGH SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE ************************************************************************

ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS
Among the wide panoramas of people who helps and motivated with valuable inputs in selection of project subjects TWI LIGHT SWITCH I would firstly like to thank my project guide Prof. _____________________ for their gracious encouragements and useful guidance from time to time during the project work. I would also like to thanks to our PRINCIPAL Prof. ______________ for important and valuable inputs during projects for sharing knowledge and experience which helps me lot to complete this assingements.

PARTICIPANT

SIGNATURE

TANMAY PATEL ( ROLL NO.

DEPARTMENT OF M.C.V.C.

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INDEX
SR NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DISCIRPTION INTDOCUTION PRODUCTS DISCRIPTIONS PRODUCT OUTER VIEW PRODUCT FEATURES OPERATION OF SEITCH PART LIST CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION OF CIRCUIT DIAGRM AND PCB TROUBLE SHOOTING CERTIFICATE PAGE NO

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INTRODUCTIONS
Shed off your responsibility of switching the lights on and off by installing our unique electronic twilight switch. The switching on and off of external lightings can be set on a desired level with our twilight switch. This product focuses on the maximum energy conservation as it is one of the alarming situations of the present scenario. Its sensitivity can be set to trigger in intensity of less than 0.5 lux. Highly durable and highly efficient are the terms that best describe this product of ours. Today, we are considered to be one of the major automatic twilight Switches suppliers in INDIA Our unique products will be used by all outdoors as well as indoor instruments which you would like to operate on the basis of natural light level i.e. when the natural light is sufficient the instruments or light will be off and when natural light is insufficient the instruments or light will be on

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DESCRIPTION:
All outdoor lamps are normally operated during night. Some lamps like advertising board lighting are switched ON at dusk and are switched OFF after certain duration of time. The switch can be connected to a load of 16 Amps directly at 230V Ac. The unit is equipped with a

photodiode, electronic control circuit and a relay.

photodiode can sense the ambient light. The electronic control circuit is provided to monitor continuous change of photodiode resistance due to varied ambient light intensity. At dusk the control circuit switches on a relay to operate lights and at dawn relay is switched off. These are highly efficient and reliable.

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PRODUCT OUTER VIEW

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Features:

The unit confirms to ISO 2010 STANDARD FOR OUT DOOR AS WELL AS INDORE USE.

Automatic switching ON at dusk

Switching OFF at Dawn or adjustable

Immunity to dust bird sittings cloud cover etc. No seasonal setting maximum energy conservative power saver

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Advantages of Twilight Switch over a Timer

Timer The timer switches ON the lights at a fixed time immaterial of the light condition at that particular time The timer has to be reset as per the seasonal variations. Twilight Switch The Twilight Switches ON the light when the light level falls below 30 Lux immaterial of the time. Or as per requirements The Twilight Switch automatically adjusts according to the season.

In mechanical timers there is The Twilight Switch has no a time lag in case of power such complications. failures or interruption. In mechanical timers lots off Maintenance free system maintenance will be required Expensive and complicated system Easy energy saving system and cheaper to others.

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Operation of the Switch:

The switch is designed for easy operation to the user. When supply is given to the Switch the LED will glow. And indicates the position of sensor and start functioning. If the output is OFF the Lamp OFF LED will glow. The switch will now work for the full night (it will switch ON at dusk when the light level falls below 30 Lux and switch OFF when the Lux level falls above 20 Lux) this can be change as per requirements.

Function : External lightings can be turned on and off, based on the ambient light levels which can be set to the desired switch on point. Advantage : Since the lightings are turned on and off when it is required, electricity is saved to about 15 %. No attendant is needed to perform this function. Install and Forget. Specifications Sensitivity Supply operation Contact rating Can be set to trigger below 0.5 Lux of light intensity 230 Volts AC 5 Amps at 230 Volts dry contacts (for higher ratings a contactor could be operated with

DEPARTMENT OF M.C.V.C.

GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUES HIGH SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE ************************************************************************ this unit)

PART LIST RESISTORS

NOS. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R 7 & 8 R 9 P1 CAPCTITIES 6.8K 27K 15K 47K 150K 22K 680E LDR 500K

CAPACIOTR
C1 C2 C3 100Nf 100uF/16v 470uF/16v

SEMICONDICTORS
IC1 D 1 ,2 ,3 D 4 , 5 T 1 T 2 S 1 4093 IN 4148 5mm YELLOW & GREEN LED BC 107 BC141 SPST SWITCH DEPARTMENT OF M.C.V.C.

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MISC.
RELAY 12V / 180 E

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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DISCRIPTION OF CIRCUIT DIAGRM

This inexpensive unit switches the light on at dust and off again at down. This circuit has separate time bases for the on and off delays. The dotted line in the diagram divided the circuit into two halves. HALVES A : The light -dependent switch around gate N 1 And HALVES B : The on-off time base around N2 and LED and relay driver T1-T2. The voltage at junction R2.R9- C1 is inversely proportional to the light intensity measured by light-dependent resistor (LDR) R9. Switch trigger gate N1 toggles whenever this voltage reaches one of the input threshold levels. Since then difference between these levels is large compared with the voltage span produced by the potential divider, a variable feedback loop is provided to achieve and effective switching span off 300 to 400 mV. When the output of N1 is high, the voltage at junction R1 P1 is almost equal to the supply voltage. When the output is low, the

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voltage drops to the level required for the threshold difference at the input of N 1. The output of N1 drives two time base circuit : C2 R4 D1 for the on state and C2.R5- D2 for the off state. These networks switch the output of N2 on and off after the wanted delays. The lamp relay and an indication LED are driven by Darlington stage T1-T2, which is controlled by the output of N2. Capacitor C1 prevents HF signals picked up by the cable between the LDR and the switching unit causing spurious triggering. Because of the high output impendence of the type 4093, the cable should be a screened type. The remaining two gates in the 4093 package may be used for duplicating the time base ( part B ) to obtain a switching sequence. The values shown for R5- C2 and R4- C2 from a good starting point for dimensioning the delays introduced in this additional time base. The lowest permissible value of R4 and R5 is 47KE : their highest value depends mainly on the leakage current C2. During the testing of prototypes of this circuit it was noted that the switching threshold and hysteresis depend on the make of the 4093. Good results were obtained with SGSs HCF 4093 BE ; devices from other manufacturers may require the value R3 to be slightly different. The input of the unused gated in the 4093 must be earthed. The LDR is mounted in a suitable waterproof housing, screened from direct light sources.

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Preset P1 serves to adjust the light intensity level at which the circuit switches. To prevent too slow a response to changes in the setting the timer should be aligned with S1 open. The current drawn by the timer is mainly that drawn by the energized relay.

TROUBLE SHOOTING
FAULT FINDING ANALYSIS

In any electronics equipments almost 80% of the problems arises due to weak soldering of the parts. Before installing the circuit kit please check all the parts for proper soldering. Please check for the power supply cables for proper installation. Please check for LED status i.e. on or off for working status of switch

The sensor must be positioned in such a way that the switch will start working according to your requirements i.e. the light on at dust and off again at down.

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CERTIFICATE

DEPARTMENT OF M.C.V.C.