4 28

3
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
trnfpm&if; wifoGif;cH&ol 'kwd,orwtm; oufqdkif&m0efBuD;Xmersm;\

tmrcHrIESih f pdppfa&G;cs,frnf[k qdk
&efuek ?f Zlvikd f 17
'k w d , or w trnf p m
&if;wifoGif;vmygu pdppfa&;
tzGJYESifhtwloufqdkif&m0efBuD;
Xmersm;\ tmrcH r I r sm;jzif h
vpf v yf ' k w d , or w ae&m
ud k pd p pf a &G ; cs,f o G m ;rnf [ k
Ed k i f i H a wmf o r w ES i f h 'k w d ,
or w rsm; t&nf t csif ; ES i f h
jynfhpHkjcif;&Sd? r&Sd pdppfa&;tzGJU
0if jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;
vS , f O D ; aX;OD ; u ajymonf /
]]uRef a wmf w pf a ,muf
wnf; oabmeJYvnf; r&bl;/
uRefawmfwdkY tzGJUwpfckwnf;eJY
vnf;rvHak vmufb;l av/ ouf
qdkif&mXmeawG&Sdawmh olwdkYyg
tmrcHrS&r,f}}[k OD;aX;OD;u
ajymonf/ 'kw,
d orwavmif;
\ rdom;pkEiS yhf wfouf Edik if jH cm;
a&;0efBu;D Xme? vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;
ESifh jynfolUtiftm;0efBuD;Xme?
jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D Xme ponfw\
Ykd
tultnD tmrcHrrI sm; vdrk nf[k
od&onf/
tGev
f ikd ;f pmrsufEmS rsm;wGif
ysUH ESUH aerItay:wGiv
f nf; OD;aX;OD;
u ]][k w f w ,f q d k & if roif h
awmfbl;aygh/ [kwfvm;? r[kwf
vm;qdkwmawmh uRefawmfwdkY
oufqdkif&mudk ar;&r,f/ uRef
awmfvnf;tifwmeuf Munfah e
awmh Mum;wmaygh}}[k ajym
onf/
Zlvikd v
f 14 &ufaeYu vIid o
f m,mNrdKUe,f pwk'o
D myGw
J iG af wGU&aom OD;aX;OD;
'kw,
d orw t&nftcsif;
tay: pdppfa&G;cs,f&mwGiv
f nf;
zGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'ygowfrw
S f
xm;onfh twdik ;f aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;
rnf[k OD;aX;OD;u qufvuf
ajymNyD;? 'kw,
d orwrSm orw
jzpfvmEdik o
f nft
h wGuf orwt
&nftcsi;f twdik ;f yif ppfaq;oGm;
rnf[k ajymonf/
]]&Sdw,fqdk&if vkyfaygh/ r&Sd
bl;qdk&if rvkyfeJYaygh/ &Sif;&Sif;
av;yJ } }[k pd p pf a &;tzG J U 0if
OD;aX;OD;u xyfrHajymonf/
'kwd,orw oD[ol& OD;
wifatmifjrifOh ;D u yxrtBudrf
vTwfawmfpwkwyHkrSef tpnf;
ta0; use;f rma&; taMumif;jy
csufjzifh &mxl;rS EkwfxGufcGifh
awmif;cJ&h m if;ae&mwGif 'kw,
d
orwwpfOD;udk wyfrawmfom;
udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu pdppfa&G;
cs,fay;&rnf jzpfonf/
vpfvyfaeaom 'kw,
d or
wae&mtm; wyf r awmf o m;
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ rS &efuek w
f ikd ;f
a'oBuD; 0efBuD;csKyf OD;jrifah qGukd
trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f xm;&m if;
tay: pdppfa&;tzGUJ 0if OD;aX;OD;u
]]w&m;0ifraMunmao;wJt
h wGuf
xif&m? jrif&mawGayghAsm? w&m;
0if t & rxG u f a o;bl ; av/
emrnfpm&if; wifxm;wmawmh
Mum;ygw,f}}[k ajymonf/
tcsed u
f mv rnfrQ,
l a&G;
cs,frjI yKrnfvq
J o
kd nfah y:jyLvm
e,l;pf\ ar;jref;rItm;vnf;
]]jrefygvdrfhr,f/ odkYaomf ckeu
uReaf wmfajymovd?k tcsut
f vuf
awGu cufcaJ e&ifawmh wpfrsdK;
aygh}}[k ajzonf/
PN-051?pd k i f ; aemif
oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaom A[dkbPfjzpfa&; tpdk;&tzGJUxH

wifjyxm;
jref r mEd k i f i H a wmf A[d k b Pf t aejzif h zG J U pnf ; yH k t opf E S i f h

ajymif;vJoGm;&ef jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUodkY wifjyxm;onf[k
A[d k b Pf r S a jymcG i f h & yk * d K vf u ajymonf /
oD;jcm;vGwfvyfonfh tzGJU
]]tJ'aD tmufu
f rS aiGa&;? aMu;
tpnf; wpfcktjzpfjzifh wm0ef a&; tydik ;f ? aemifvmr,fh pawmh
,lEdkifrI&Sdapa&;twGuf xdkodkY tdwcf sed ;f ydik ;f pwJh vkyif ef; XmeawG
aqmif&u
G jf cif;jzpfNy;D ? A[dk tpd;k & rSm TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf oHk;OD;u
tzGUJ \ cGijhf yKrI &&SNd y;D ygu jyifqif wm0ef,lr,f/ XmeBuD; 15 ck
zGUJ pnf;rIukd qufvufaqmif&u
G f vnf; yg ygw,f}}[k txufyg
oGm;rnf[k if;uajymonf/
yk*dKvfu ajymonf/
yk*vdu bPfwpfckrS trI
A[dkbPfOya'udk a&SUae
aqmif'gdu
k w
f m wpfO;D ub@m csKyfHk;odkY ay;ydkYxm;NyD; vTwf
a&;ESifh tcGef0efBuD;Xme vuf awmftqifhqifhwGif qufvuf
atmufct
H jzpf&yfwnfae&mrS cGJ wifjytwnfjyKEid k af &;twGuv
f nf;
xGuo
f mG ;rnfqyk d guA[db
k Pftm; aqmif&u
G v
f su&f o
dS nf[k if;u
vkyyf ikd cf iG hf tmPmtjynft
h 0 ay; xyfrHajymonf/
vdu
k jf cif;oabmoufa&mufomG ;
jrefrmEkdifiHawmf A[dkbPf
rnf[k rSwfcsufjyKonf/
taejzifh vkyfief;rsm; taumif
]]aiGa&;? aMu;a&; rl0g'awG txnfazmf&mwGif tm;omonhf
udk A[dkbPfu a&;qGJwJhtcg tcsurf sm;udk ydrk akd umif;rGeaf p&ef
rSm ydkNyD; jrefqefvmr,f/ qdkvdk aqmif&GufaeouJhodkY tm;enf;
wJh oabmu t&ifu 0efBuD; onhftcsufrsm;udkvnf; tcsdef
XmevufatmufcjH zpfwhJ twGuf rqkdif; jyKjyifaqmif&Gufvsuf
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; oabmt& &Sad Mumif;? yGiv
hf if;xifomjrifom
tqifh qifh wifjyMu&w,f/ &Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf
aemuf yd k i f ; qd k & if wd k u f d k u f vnf; uefYowfcsuf? wm;jrpf
aqmif&u
G &f awmhrmS jzpfwt
hJ wGuf csufrsm;udk wwfEkdiforQ ajz
ydkNyD; jrefqefvmr,f}}[k if;u avQmh v k y f u d k i f v suf& d S a Mumif ; ?
A[dkbPfESifhywfoufonhf csKdU
ajymonf/
A[db
k Pfrw
S m0ef&o
dS \
l tqdk ,G i f ; csuf t m;enf ; csuf r sm;ud k
t& A[dkbPfOu|rSm jynf axmufjyajymqkd a0zefrIrsm;udk
axmifp0k efBuD;tqifjh zpfomG ;rnf vnf; tNrJBudKqdkvsuf&SdaMumif;
jzpfNy;D 'kw,
d Ou|rSm'kw,
d 0efBuD; A[db
k Pfu ay:jyLvme,l;pfoYkd
tqift
h jzpfozYkd UJG pnf;yHt
k af zmfajymqdck o
hJ nf/
k opft& w&m;0ifxw
rif ; ok a tmif
a&mufoGm;rnf[k od&onf/
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
jynfoo
Yl abmxm;
EkdifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
jynfytm;uk;d ykqed f ;kd tqk;d jrif0g'rD sm;

tm; qefhusifMu/
Edik if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekid if H
awmf wk;d wufa&;ukd aESmif,
h u
S zf suq
f ;D
olrsm;tm; qefu
h siMf u/
Ekid if aH wmf\ jynfwiG ;f a&;ukd 0ifa&muf
pGuzf ufaESmif,
h u
S af om jynfyEkid if rH sm;
tm; qefhusifMu/
jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm;
bH&k efot
l jzpf owfrw
S f acsreI ;f Mu/
EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;
om,ma&;ESiUf w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;
trsK;d om;pnf;vH;k nDw
G rf cI ikd rf ma&;
pnf;urf;jynfU0aom 'Drdkua&pDpepf
&Sio
f efcikd rf matmif wnfaqmufa&;
zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'ESifUtnD acwfrD
zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaomEkdifiHawmfopf wnf
aqmufa&;
pku
d yf sK;d a&;ukd ydrk zkd NYHG zKd ;wk;d wufatmif aqmif
&GufNyD; acwfrDpufrIEdkifiHxlaxmifa&;ESifU
tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;udkvnf; bufpHk
zGNYH zKd ;wd;k wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpmG jzpfay:vma&;
jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS twwfynmESiUf t&if;tES;D
rsm;zdwaf c:pD;yGm;a&;zGYH NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif
wnfaqmufa&;
Ekid if aH wmf\ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfv;kH ukd zefw;D
Ekid rf pI rG ;f tm;onfEidk if aH wmfEiS Uf wkid ;f &if;om;
jynfolwkdh\ vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;
wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESifU tusifU

pm&dw jrifrh m;a&;/
trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPf jrifhrm;a&;ESifh
,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfrsm;? trsKd;om;
a&;vuPmrsm; raysmufysufatmif
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;/
ppfrSefaom rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfU
jynfaxmifppk w
d "f mwf&iS o
f efxufjrufa&;
wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBucUH idk af &;ESihf ynm
&nf jrifrh m;a&;/
'kw
hd m0efta&;oH;k yg;
jynfaxmifpk rNyKd uaJG &;
. . . 'kdhta&;
wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf I rNyKd uaJG &;
. . . 'kdhta&;
tcsKyt
f jcmtmPm wnfwhH ckid Nf raJ &;
. . . 'kdhta&;
rsuEf mS zH;k rStquf
tar&duefydwfqdkYrI oufwrf;rwkd;a&; a':atmifqef;pkMunf pwifudkifwG,f

,if ; od k Y aqG ; aEG ; &mwG i f
jrefrmESihf tar&duef cspMf unfa&;
wk;d wufvmap&ef ? jrefrmEkid if \
H
'Dru
dk a&pD jyKjyifajymif;vJrI t&deS f
t[kejf rihv
f map&efEiS hf jrefrmjynf
olwdkY\ vlrIb0 ykdrdkaumif;rGef
wk;d wufvmap&efupd w
u
Ykd t
dk ajc
cHNyD; aqG;aEG;cJhaMumif; 'DcsKyfrS
xkwfjyefcJhonf/
]]ygwDwpfckvHk; r[kwfbJ
tefu,fhtaeeJYajym&if 'Dudp
tqifajyoGm;r,fvdkYcefYrSef;arQmf
vifyh gw,f}}[kif;uoH;k oyfonf/
,ck v 26 &uf a eY w G i f
ouf wrf; ukefqHk;rnfh Burmese Freedom and Democ-
wGif yg0ifaom
9 ESpf[lonhf oufwrf;tpm;
11 ESpf[k tpm;xdk;&ef tar&d
uefvTwfawmf trwf 2 OD;u
tar&duefvTwfawmfodkY 2 Budrf
wifoGif;cJhaMumif; jynfolUvTwf
racy Act of 2003
awmfOu| ol&OD;a&Tref;u jynf

olUvTwaf wmf pwkwy rkH eS f tpnf;
ta0; 9 &ufajrmufaeYwiG f ajym
onf/
tar&duefrS oufwrf; wd;k
vdu
k yf gu jrefrmEkid if \
H pD;yGm;a&;
ESifh aiGaMu;vJvS,frI ydwfqkdYrI
onf vmrnfh 2015 txd ouf
0ifomG ;rnf[k if;u ajymonf/
]][dkwpfaeYu oufwrf;
rwk;d atmifta&;Bu;D tqdrk mS rnf
onfyh *k Kd vfjzpfap? rnfonfh enf;
vrf;eJjY zpfapqkw
d mudk oH;k EIe;f wm
roifah wmfygbl;/ vkyEf idk w
f o
hJ al wG
ua&m b,foal wG &dES ikd af o;vJ
awG;Munhpf Of;pm;oifyh gw,f}} [k
OD;tkef;BudKifu ajymonf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunf onf
Ekid if o
H m;wpfO;D taeESiahf &m vTwf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,f wpfOD;tae
ESiyhf g ,ckupd u
kd wm0ef,al qmif
&Gujf cif; jzpfNyD; &v'faumif;rsm;
&&dSrnf[k arQmfvifhaMumif; if;

u xyfrHajymonf/
Zlvikd f 14 &ufaeYwiG f tar
&duef pD;yGm;ukeo
f ,
G af &;ESihf pdu
k f
ysKd;a&;qkdif&m 'kwd,0efBuD; Mr.
Robert Hormats OD;aqmifaom
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zJUG ESihf awGU qHpk Of
ydwfqdkYrIrsm; xyfrH rjyKvkyf&ef
wk d u f w G e f ; arw m &yf c H x m;
aMumif;? vuf&w
Sd iG f tar&duef
\ ajzavQmrh rI sm;onf jrefrmEkid if H
om;rsm;twGuf ydkYukefESifh aiG
aMu;vJvS,frIrsm; ryg&dSao;bJ
tar&duefEdkifiHESifh EkdifiHom;
ukrP
D vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;\ tusKd;
twGufom wpfvrf;oGm;? wpf
zufowfqefaeaMumif; xdaYk Mumifh
jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\
tusK;d ukd xnho
f iG ;f pOf;pm;ay;&ef
ajymMum;cJah Mumif; ol&OD;a&Tref;
u ajymonf/
yxrBudrf jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
pwkwy rkH eS f tpnf;ta0; tXr

aeY (Zlvikd f 13 &uf)wGif uGe[
f ed ;f
rJqEe,frS jynfolYvTwfawmf
ud k , f p m;vS , f a':eef ; 0gEk u
jrefrmEkid if t
H ay: csrw
S x
f m;onfh
ydwq
f Ykd ta&;,lrt
I m; tjrefq;kH
kyfodrf;ay;&ef vTwfawmfESifh
aqmif&GufEdkifol rnfolYudk rqdk
rnfonhef nf;vrf;udk toH;k jyK
jzpfap? ndEIdif;aqmif&Gufay;&ef
wd k u f w G e f ; aMumif ; ta&;BuD ;
tqdt
k jzpf wifoiG ;f cJo
h nf/
,if;tqdkudk jynfolYvTwf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,f 5 OD;wdkYu
aqG;aEG;cJNh y;D ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;\
qE&,lumvTwaf wmfutwnf
jyKcJhonf/
naeyd k i f ; tpnf ; ta0;
NyD ; csd e f w G i f vT w f a wmf O u | ?
a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS hf a':eef;
0gEkwYkd vTwaf wmfOu| H;k cef;wGif
aqG;aEG;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
rif;udkEkdif\ 0wK kyf&Sifkduf&ef 0,f,l

udkrif;udkEkdif a&;om;onhf ]aemufMunhfrSef}0wKudk 'gdkufwm0if;xGef;xGef;u tEkynmaMu;tjrifhqHk;ay; 0,f,lvdkufonf

[k ud k r if ; ud k E d k i f u twnf j yKajymMum;onf /
]],HkMunfrIeJY a&mif;w,f?
0,fw,fvyk v
f u
kd w
f myg/aMu;udk
rowfrSwf&ao;bl;/ olwkdYrSm
tjrifq
h ;kH wef;wpfcak wmh &drS mS aygh/
tJh'Dxufawmh renf;bl;xifyg
w,f}}[k udrk if;udkEidk u
f Zlvikd f
v 17 &ufaeYwGif ajymonf/
tqkdyg0wKtm; 0,f,lEkdif
a&;ukd ukd,fwkdifudk,fus yg0if
aqmif&u
G af y;cJah omuAsmq&m?
ZmwfTef;a&;q&m tu,f'rD
jrifhOD;jrifhjrifhu udkrif;udkEkdiftm;
*kPjf yKaomoabmtaejzihf 0,f
,ljcif;jzpfNy;D 88 rsK;d qufu 0wK
a&;&mwGif 0wKdk;*kPf ay:vGif
aejcif;aMumifh 0,f,ljcif;jzpf
aMumif;? tqkyd g0wKtm; wefz;kd
xm;onhftaejzifh aMu;owf
aemufMunfrh eS pf mtkyw
f iG f trSww
f &vufrw
S af &;xd;k ay;aeaom rif;udEk ikd f
rSwaf y;jcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/

,if;0wKtm; 'gdu
k w
f m0if;
xGef;xGef;rS rurf;vSrf;rD 'gdkuf

wmcsKdwl;aZmfrS yxrqHk; urf;
vSrf;xm;cJhjcif;jzpfaomaMumihf
'gdu
k w
f m0if;xGe;f xGe;f taejzifh
'gdkufwmcsKdwl;aZmfjyefvmygu
tqdkyg 0wKtm; vufaqmif
taejzifh ay;tyfomG ;&ef&aSd Mumif;
if;u ajymonf/
]]0,f x m;w,f / 'gayrJ h
rdkufao;bl;/ 'gdkufwm csKdwl;
aZmfukd t&if du
k cf ikd ;f r,f/ 'gayrJh
tJ'h 0D wKukd ukrd if;udEk idk f cGijhf yKcsuf
eJY jyZmwftaeeJYawmh uzdkY &dS
w,f}} [k if;u ajymonf/
ukrd if;udEk idk t
f m; *kPjf yK tEk
ynmaMu;ay;tyfyu
GJ kd Zlvikd f 18
&ufaeY rGef;vGJ 1 em&DwGif 88
rsKd;quf ausmif;om;rsm; kH;cef;
jyKvkyfoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
a0,Hr;dk jrifh
emrnfESifh rvdkufaom tqifh jrifh oefYpifcef;rsm;tm;

oufwrf;rukefrD vkyfudkifcGih f kyfrnf
tqifhjrifhoefYpifcef;rsm; t*F g &yf E S i h f rjynf h r D y gu BOT

oufwrf;ukefqHk;csdefxd qufvufvkyfudkifcGifh ay;rnfr[kwf[k
&ef u k e f p nf y if oef Y & S i f ; a&;XmerS XmerS L ;u ajymonf /
tpd;k &opfvufxufrS p
tqifjh rifo
h efpY ifcef;rsm;udk pwif
aqmufvkyfcJhNyD; aqmufvkyfNyD;
oufwrf;wpfESpfwmumvyif
tqifjh rifo
h efpY ifcef;[lonfh t*Fg
&yfEiS fh rudu
k n
f o
D nfrsm;udk awGU
vm&onft
h wGuf Zlvikd v
f 'kwd
,tywfwGif vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;tm;
ac:,lawGUqu
k H m txufygtwkid ;f
owday;ajymMum;cJo
h nf[k Xme
rSL; OD;oef;vGiOf ;D u ajymonf/
oefpY ifcef;twGi;f vdt
k yfonfh
toH;k taqmifypn;f rsm;rjynfph kH
jcif;? oefpY ifcef;wGif oef&Y iS ;f a&;
vkyo
f m;vHak vmufpmG rxm;&Sjd cif;?
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfom;rsm; 0wfpHk
r0wfqifjcif;ESifh tvkyo
f rm;rsm;
\ t0wftpm;rsm;oefYpifcef;
twGif; vSef;jcif;rsm;udk oefYpif
cef;rsm;odkY vkdufvHppfaq;csdef
wGif awGU&S&d onft
h wGuf vkyif ef;
&Sirf sm;udak c:,lum owday;ajym
Mum;&jcif;jzpf o nf [ k if ; u
qdkonf/
]]aiGusyf 100 eJY udu
k n
f w
D hJ
0efaqmifru
I kd jyefay;oifyh gw,f/
ydu
k q
f &H zdYk wpfcx
k u
J akd wmh rMunfh
oifyh gbl;}}[k if;u xyfavmif;
ajymonf/
&efuek pf nfyife,ferd w
d t
f wGi;f
aps;0if;twGi;f &Sd oefpY ifcef;rsm;udk
aps;XmerSvnf;aumif;? bwfpf
um;*dwrf sm;&Sd oefpY ifcef;rsm;tm;
tcGeXf merS vnf;aumif;? yef;NcH
rsm;twGi;f &Sd oefpY ifcef;rsm;tm;
yef;O,smOfXmerS vnf;aumif;
pD r H u G y f u J N yD ; trsm;jynf o l
oHk;pJG&ef vloGm;vlvmrsm;jym;
onfh ae&mrsm;wGif BOT pepfjzifh
aqmufvyk x
f m;onfh oefpY ifcef;
rsm;udk oefY&Sif;a&;XmerS pDrH
ASIAN FAME MEDIA GROUP

Chairperson: Ngwe ThawDar.
E s t a b l i s h e d in 2 0 0 9
Chief Editor
Po Naing Lin
Advisory Board
Ko Ko Hlaine
Mg Swe Thet
Thayet Ma Thet Swe
Zaw Win Aung
Deputy Chief Editor

Myo Nyunt
Editor-in-charge
Tin Zar Zaw
Editors
V i c e C h a i r m a n : H a n e L a t t.
Chief Reporter
Moe Myint Myat
Deputy Chief Reporters
Nyan Lin Aung(Online), San Kyaw,
Swan Ye Htut, Aung Htet(NYK)
Senior Reporters
Waiyan Moe Myint,
May Zin Win, Minn Thu Aung
Reporters
Minn Chit Naing, Htet Htet Moe Myint,
Thet Naing(Executive Editor)
Aung Zaw, Wai Mar Tun, Chit Su Swe,
Aung Khoon Set(Executive Editor)
Tet Lu, Maung Tar, April Oo,Sai Naung
Thein Aye(Editor)
Sai La Min, Nyunt Win, Kyaw Ye Lin,
Thura Tun(Editor)
Aye Zarchi Hlaing, Marlar Than,Thandar Phyo
Translator
KLMA
Proof
Kyaw Moe Aung
Pre-Press Dept
Pann Zan
(Director-Admin)
Win Ko Ko(Supervisor)
Zaw Win Mg(Designer)
Saw Wanna (Designer)
uGyfuJjcif; jzpfonf/
]]usefwJh XmeawGu oefY
pifcef;toHk;jyKcEIef; 50 usyfyJ
w&m;0if&Sdwmyg/ uRefawmfwdkY
Xmeu BOT pepfeJY vkyfudkifcGihf
ay;xm;wJh oefYpifcef;awGu
usyf 100 aumufcGihf&Sdygw,f/
'DtwGuf tqihjf rifo
h efpY ifcef;qdk
wJh t*Fg&yfeaY J wmh nDzv
Y k d yd k gw,f/}}
[k if;u ajymonf/
oef&Y iS ;f a&;XmerS BOT pepfjzihf
csxm;ay;onfh tqifjh rifo
h efpY if
cef;rsm;rSm 2016 ckESpf? rwfv
31 &ufaeYwGif oufwrf;jynfh
rnfjzpfNyD; oufwrf;ukeq
f ;kH ygu
Xme ydkifjzpfonft
h wGuf avvH
ypfjcif;udk aqmif&Gufrnfjzpf
aMumif; oufwrf;rjynfrh cD if umv
twGif;vnf; oefY&Sif;oyf&yfrI
r&Sdygu vuf&Sd vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
tm; qufvufvkyfukdifcGihfay;
rnfr[kw[
f k BOT pmcsKyf xnfh
oGif;csKyfqdkxm;aMumif; if;xHrS
od&onf/
]]oefYpifcef;awG avsmh&JrI
&Srd &Su
d kd wpfywf wpfBudrXf meu
t&m&Sad wGu vdu
k v
f pH pfaq;rSm
yg/}}[k if;u xyfavmif;ajym
onf/
&efuek pf nfyif oef&Y iS ;f a&;Xme
BOT pepfjzihf vkyfudkifaeonfh
tqifjh rifo
h efpY ifcef; 25 vH;k &SNd y;D ?
a&TUajymif;Edkifonfh tayghoGm;
oufouf oefYpifcef; 9 vHk;ESihf
ra&TUajymif;Edkifaom tayghoGm;
oufoufoefYpifcef; 1 vHk;&Sd&m
pkpkaygif; oefYpifcef; 35 vHk;&Sd
aMumif; od&onf/
a0rmxG e f ;
Addresses
No. (150/160), 35th Street (Middle),
Kyauktada Township, Yangon.
Tel: 249165, 385495. Fax: 385450
emial: popularnews@popularmyanmar.com
Post Office Box - 140

Marketing Team
Mandalay Branch Office
Tin Sandar Win (DY: Manager)
No.3(A), bet: 64 x 65, 30th street,
Tha Pyay Zin Zin Cho (DY: Manager)
Mandalay. Ph:0105000380
Nang Ei Ei Khaing(Asst: Manager)
email: mandalayoffice@popularmyanmar.com
Htut Myat Thu(Supervisor)
Naypyitaw Branch Office
No.11/9,
Corner of Bo Myint Swe
Marketing Executives
Road & U Pwar Street, Mingalar
Khin Nyein Chan Oo
Quarter, Thargaung Group,
Htay Lin Aung,
Naypyitaw Pyinmana.
Zon Thandar Oo, Auang Ko Ko Soe
Ph:09 73003873
May The Oo, Khine Khine Lwin
Permission No.
TEMP : 1312
Lwin Myint Oo
Printing
Supervisor(Liaison)
NgweGantGaw Press(06361)
w w w. p o p u l a r m y a n m a r. c o m , w w w. f a c e b o o k . c o m / P o p u l a r N e w s J o u r n a l
ay:jyLvme,l;pf
zkef; 372833? 249165? 377482
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
rufpfjrefrm *kPfodumtwGuf xm;0,fpDrHudef;rS jyefqkwfvmjcif;[kqdk
jynfybdvyfajr jynfwGif;xuf
wpfwef uefa':vm 20 ausmf oufom
a&Munf? Zlvikd f 12
ruf p f j ref r m\ *k P f o d u m twG u f xm;0,f p D r H u d e f ; rS jyef q k w f v mjcif ; jzpf o nf [ k OD ; aZmf a Zmf u ajymonf /
]]uRefawmfh&JU *kPfodumeJY
uRefawmf bmeJrY S rvJEikd yf gbl;}}
[k rufpjf refrmukrP
t
D yk pf k Ou|
OD;aZmfaZmfu Zlvdkif 12 &ufaeY
wGif{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; a&
MunfNrdKU ay:jyLvme,l;pftm;
ajymonf/
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIjzpfap? pufrI
Zkev
f yk o
f nfjzpfap ,if;odYk jyKvkyf
rnfah e&mrsm;rS ajrudk tay;t,l
vkyMf u&aMumif;? ,if;odYk tay;
t,lvyk o
f nft
h cg auseyforl sm;
&Sdovdk rauseyfolrsm;vnf;
&Sad Mumif;? ,if;odaYk om pDru
H ed ;f
twGuf ajrae&m,l&jcif;udpr mS
t&rf;xdvG,f&SvG,faomudp
jzpfNyD; rufpfjrefrmtaeESifh 0if
a&muf rywfoufcsifaMumif;
if;u ajymonf/
]]'g uRefawmf yGifhyGifhvif;
vif; ajymwmyg/ 'D[mawG tIyf
t&Sif;awGtay:rSm aeNyD;awmh
uRefawmfwt
Ykd aeeJY uRefawmfwYkd
[m 'DvdkrsKd; jrefrmjynfrSm tNrJ
ajymajymaewJh cdkeDawG? tw
BuD;w,f/ 'gawG olrsm;[mawG
vdck sifw,f/ r&Sq
d if;&Jom;awG&UJ
ydik q
f idk rf u
I kd odr;f w,f/ uReaf wmfh
b0rSmuRefawmft'J v
D rkd sKd; b,f
awmhrS tjzpfrcHEikd b
f ;l }}[k OD;aZmf
aZmfu qufvufajymonf/
xm;0,fpDrHudef;wGif xdkif;
EdkifiHrS tDwmvsH-xdkif;ukrPD
(ITD)ESihf &if;ES;D jrKyfEr
HS I 25 &mcdik f
EIef;yg0ifaom Max Myanmar
ukrPDwdkY yl;aygif;um Dawei
Development
(DDC)
Company
trnfjzifh taumift
jynfyrS bdvyfajrwifoGif;a&mif;cs&mwGif wpfwefvQif

ysrf ; rQ uef a ':vm 20 ausmf tjrwf t pG e f ; &&S d wif
oG i f ; a&mif ; csrI r sm; rsm;jym;aeaMumif ; bd v yf a jrpuf k H v k y f
ief ; &S i f r sm;xH r S od & onf /
xm;0,fprD u
H ed ;f wpfae&m
xnfazmfcJhonf/ ajr,mtjiif;
yGm;rIEiS hf a'ocHrsm;ESix
hf ad wGU vkyf
udkifrIrsm;udk pDrHudef;taxmuf
tuljyKtzGUJ ESihf rufpjf refrmwdu
Yk
vkyu
f ikd cf ahJ Mumif; xm;0,fa'ocH
wdkYu ajymonf/
xm;0,fpDrHudef; rufpf
jrefrm\ wm0ef,lcJh&rIESifh ywf
ouf OD;aZmfaZmfu ]]ITD uyJ
wm0ef,w
l myg/uReaf wmfwYkd wm
0ef,lwJhtydkif;r&Sdbl;/ uRefawmf
wkdYu jynfwGif;rSmolwdkYvkyfwJh
tcg tcuftcJ&rdS mS pd;k vdYk Assist
vkyw
f o
hJ abmyg}}[k ajymonf/
ruf p f j ref r muk r P D o nf
xm;0,fpDrHudef;rS *kPfodum
aMumifhtjyif ESpf&Snf&if;ESD;jrKyfESH
&ef tcuftcJ&Sd qkwfvmjcif;
jzpfaMumif; if;u ajymonf/
]]&Sad ewJh ukrP
&D UJ ke;f uef
&wJhtydkif;awGvnf; &Sdaew,f/
ESpf&Snfvrsm; &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&r,f
qdkwJhtydkif;rSm tJ'Davmuf aiG
aMu;jrKyfErHS q
I w
kd hJ tcuftcJawG
wJGqkdif;rsm;0,f&efESifh vrf;ydkif;jyifqifa&;twGuf
tdEd,acs;aiGrS cJGwrf;&aiGjzifh aqmif&Gufrnf
vl p D; ? uke fw J G qk d i f ; topfr sm;ES i f h ouf w rf ; vG e f vrf ;

yd k i f ; rsm; jyif q if & ef t wG u f puf , E & m;rsm; 0,f , l j cif ; ud k
td E d , acs;aiG r S cJ G w rf ; &&d S a om uef a ':vm 155 oef ; jzif h
,ck E S p f t wG i f ; aqmif & G u f o G m ;rnf [ k &xm;yd k Y a qmif a &;
0ef B uD ; XmerS wm0ef & d S o l w pf O D ; u ajymonf /
arv aemufq;kH ywf twGi;f
u jrefrmEkdifiHokdY cspfMunfa&;
c&D; vma&mufcJhonfh tdEd,
orwEkdifiH 0efBuD;csKyf refrdk[ef
qif;\ c&D;pOftwGif; tdEd,
tpdk;&u ay;tyf&ef oabmwl
xm;aom acs;aiG uefa':vm
oef; 500 xJrS cJGwrf;tjzpf
&xm; ydkYaqmifa&; 0efBuD;XmerS
uefa':vm 155 oef; &&dScJh
onf/
]]pufacgif;eJY qufpyfypn;f
awG 0,fr,f/ wJaG wGvnf; xyf
0,fr,f/ aemufNyD; vrf;ydik ;f awG
jyefjyifzYkd puf,E&m;awGuydk g 0,f
oGm;yghr,f}} [kif;uajymonf/
pufacgif;ESihf qufpyf ypn;f
wGif uefa':vm 47 oef;? wJG
qkdif;ESifh ,E&m;wGif 68 oef;?
oHvrf;jyifqif&ef 9 oef;ESihf puf
acgif;armif;rsm;tm; avhusifh
oifwef;rsm;ay;oGm;&ef uefa':
vm 2 oef;? &xm;pufkHrsm;
13 oef; ponfjzifh u@rsm;
tvdu
k f toH;k jyKoGm;rnf[k if;
u qufvufajymonf/
topf 0,f , l o G m ;rnf h
&xm;rsm;udk &efuek -f rEav; &ef
ukef-aejynfawmf tp&dSaom
vrf;ykid ;f rsm;wGif tpm;xd;k toH;k
jyKoGm;rnf jzpfNyD; vuf&Sd toH;k
jyKajy;qJGaeaom &xm;rsm;udkrl
tjcm;vrf;ydkif; c&D;pOfrsm;odkY
ajymif;a&TUum toH;k jyKoGm;rnf[k
&xm;ydkYaqmifa&; 0efBuD;XmerS
od&onf/
&xm;ydkYaqmifa&; 0efBuD;
Xme pm&if;rsm;t& NrdKUywfESifh
e,fc&D;pOf ajy;qJGrIwGif aeYpOf
vlOD;a& 2 odef;cefY pD;eif;vsuf
&dSaMumif; od&onf/
PN-051,
nGefY0if;
vnf;&Sdaew,f/ 'guwpfydkif;
aygh}} [k OD;aZmfaZmfu quf
vufajymonf/
rufpfjrefrmonf rnfonfh
ae&mwG i f r qd k v,f a jrod r f ;
qnf;jcif; tIyft&Sif;r&Sdovdk
Edik if aH wmfov
Ykd nf; tcGet
f m;vk;H
aqmifxm;onfu
h rk P
[
D k OD;aZmf
aZmfu twdtvif;ajymonf/
rufpfjrefrmtaejzifh xm;
0,fprD u
H ed ;f rS tNyD;xGuv
f mjcif;
r[kw[
f k od&onf/
]]25 &mcdik Ef eI ;f xnfw
h mudk
wjznf;jznf;eJY uRefawmfwdkY[m
udk xyfrxnfhbJeJY avsmhoGm;wJh
tydik ;f /uReaf wmfwu
Ykd [dk pull out
vkyw
f mr[kwb
f ;l / wpfcsed fcsdefrSm
aumif;vm&if jyef&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS mS
yg/ tJ'grsK;d }}[k if;uajymonf/
xm;0,fpDrHudef; atmifjrif
oGm;ygu xm;0,fa'otwGuf
omru wpfEkdifiHvHk;twGufyg
tusd K ;&S d r nf j zpf a omaMumif h
a'ocHrsm;taejzifh tm;ay;ulnD
Muyg[k OD;aZmfaZmfu wdu
k w
f eG ;f
onf/
xm;0,fprD u
H ed ;f rS rufpjf ref
rm qkwNf y;D aemuf jynfwiG ;f &if;ES;D
jrKyfESHol 5 OD;cefYrSm tqkdygpDrH
ude;f wGif &if;ES;D jrK yfE&HS ef tDwmvsH
-xdkif;ukrPDESifh aqG;aEG;ae
aMumif; DDC u EdkifiHwum
owif;rD',
D mrsm;tm;ajymonf/
xm;0,ftxl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef
wnfaqmuf&ef 2010 Ed0k ifbm
2 &ufaeYwGif tpdk;&ESifh DDC
wdkY oabmwlvufrSwfxdk;cJhNyD;
ueOD; uefa':vm oef; 100
&if;ES;D jrK yfE&HS ef oabmwlco
hJ nf/
PN-012
bd v yf a jrwpf t d w f v Qif
usyf 5000 wefz;kd jzifh wGucf suf
rnfqdkygu wpfwefvQif 116
a':vm usoifrh nfjzpfNy;D jynfyrS
bdvyfajrwpfwef wifoiG ;f ygu
trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf a':vm 60
rS 80 txdom&Sjd cif;aMumifh wif
oG i f ; a&mif ; csrI w G i f wpf w ef
a':vm 20 ausmf tjrwftpGef;
&&SdEdkifjcif;jzpfaMumif; uarmZ
bdvyfajrpufkHrS wm0ef&Sdol
wpfO;D u &Si;f jyonf/
jrefrmEkid if \
H bdvyfajrok;H pGJ
rIrSm wpfESpfvQif ysrf;rQ wef 6
oef;ausm&f NdS y;D jynfwiG ;f &Sd bdvyf
ajrpufrHk sm;\ xkwv
f yk Ef ikd rf rI mS
wef 2 oef;ausmfom&Sdum ESpf
pOf jynfyrS wef 4 oef;ausmf
wifoGif;ae&aMumif; txufyg
yk*dKvfxHrS od&onf/
jynfwiG ;f &Sd bdvyfajrpufHk
rsm;rS xkwfvkyfrIrSm EdkifiHawmf
wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
pufkHwnfae&m teD;a'orsm;
wGifom okH;pGJEdkifrI&SdNyD; vdktyf
csufrSm ESpfpOf wdk;jrifhvsuf&Sd
aMumif; if;u ajymonf/
jynfwGif;bdvyfajr vdktyf
csuf jrifhrm;rIrsm;aMumifh jrefrm
EdkifiHESifh tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;rS
H iG ;f
bdvyfajrwHqyd rf sK;d pkrH mS Edik if w
odYk aps;uGu0f if csJUxGiv
f suf&NdS yD;
xdkif;? tdEd,? b*Fvm;a'h&Sf?
tif'ekd ;D &Sm;? ygupwefEikd if rH sm;rS
wifyv
Ykd su&f adS Mumif; apmfbmG ;BuD;
uke;f bdvyfajrta&mif;qdik rf sm;
xHrS od&onf/
]]jynfyu bdvyfajrawGukd
xdkif;qif&JU aeYpOfaygufaps;ay:
rlwnfNy;D aps;EIe;f owfrw
S af &mif;
w,f}}[k apmfbGm;BuD;ukef;&Sd
bdvyfajrta&mif;qkdif wpfqdkif
rS ta&mif;refae*smu ajym
onf/
bdvyfajraps;rsm; taejzifh
Zlvikd f 14 &ufaeY aygufaps;t&
xd k i f ; qif w pf t d w f v Qif usyf
5050? xdkif;pdefwHqdyfwpftdwf
vQifusyf 4950 &SdNyD; &efukef
bdvyfajraps;uGuw
f iG f jynfwiG ;f
xkwfwHqdyfawGU&Sd&rI enf;yg;
aMumif; txufygyk*Kd vfu ajym
onf/
a0,H r d k ; jrif h
aiGay;acsuwfpepf pwif&ef bPfwpfck aiGodef;oHk;axmif pxnfh &S,f,m0if

jrefrmaiGay;acsuwf (MPU) pepf pwiftaumiftxnfazmf&mwGif bPfwpfbPfvQif aiGusyfodef;oHk;axmif xnfh0if

&aMumif; CB bPf tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm OD;azjrifhxHrS od&onf/
MPU uwfpepfukd tpd;k &
rSmyg/ tcku r0ifEdkifao;wm tqifhtaejzifh jynfwGif; aiG jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
bPf o H k ; bPf E S i f h yk * v d u aygh}} [k if;u ajymonf/
vuf&w
dS iG f jynfwiG ;f aiG
ay;acsjcif;trsdK;rsdK;wGif oH;k pGEJ ikd f
bPf 13 bPf pkpkaygif; 16
MPU uwfpepfrSm bPf
atmif jyKvkyfrnfjzpfNyD; 'kwd, ay;acsrIpepftcsdKUwGif MPU
bPfrS &S,f,m0if taumif tcsif;csif; csdwfqufaiGydkYaiGvTJ tqift
h aejzifh jynfyrSuwfrsm; uwfjzifh pwifprf;oyfoHk;pGJae
txnfazmf jcif;jzpfonf/ xdo
k Ykd jyKvkyEf idk jf cif;? aiGay;acsjcif;trsKd ; jynfwiG ;f oH;k pGaJ iGay;acsEdik &f ef NyjD zpfNy;D prf;oyfraI tmifjrifygu
jynfwiG ;f bPfrsm; &S,,
f m0if&m rsKd ;wdUk udk jynfwiG ;f omru jynfy vufcrH nfjzpfum wwd,tqifh jynfol rsm;toH;k jyKEdik &f efcsay;
wGif bPf 3 bPfrSm xnfh yg oHk;pGJEdkifonftxd jyKvkyf taejzifh MPU uwftm; jynfy oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; aumfrwDrS
0if&ef usef&Sdaeao;aMumif; oGm;&ef&SdaMumif; MPU pDrHcefYcGJ aiGay;acsrIrsm;wGif toHk;jyK od&onf/
txufyg yk*Kd vfxrH S od&onf/ rIaumfrwDrS od&onf/
a0,H r d k ; jrif h
Ekdifonftxd pDrHudef;a&;qGJ
]]tJ'o
D ;kH bPfuvnf; 0if
tqd k y g pepf t m; yxr tqifhqifhazmfaqmifoGm;rnf
yk*vdubdvyfajrpufHkrsm; obm0"mwfaiGUjzifh vnfywfcGifh&awmhrnf

&efuek ?f Zlvidk f 12
yk*vdu bdvyfajrpufHkrsm; obm0"mwfaiGUavmifpmjzihf vmrnhfckESpfwGif vkyfudkifEkdifrnf[k bdvyfajrpufHkvkyfief;rsm;rS

od & onf /
a&Tobm0"mwfaiGUpDrHudef; pyfpufrkH sm;om obm0"mwfaiGU wpfOD;u ajymonf/
wpfaomif;? obm0"mwfaiGU
rS 2013 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzL- avmifpmtoHk;jyKcGifh&&SdNyD; usef
]]ay;&if b,favmufEIef; toHk;jyKygu usyfwpfaomif;
wkwfa&Tobm0"mwfaiGU pDrH yk*vdupufHkrsm;rSm ausmufrD; eJYay;rvJawmh rod&ao;bl;/ cGu
J soifrh &I adS eaMumif; txufyg
udef;NyD;ygu jynfwGif;oHk;pGJ&ef aoG;avmifpmjzifhom oHk;pGJae& vuf&SdoHk;ae&wJh pufHkawGu yk*dKvfxHrS od&onf/
twGuf wpf&ufvQif obm0 jcif;jzpfaMumif; bdvyfajrpufHk awmh ausmufr;D aoG;xuf p&dwf
ausmufrD;aoG; avmifpm
"mwfaiGUukAay oef; 160 &&Sd vkyfief;rsm;rS od&onf/
ydkrsm;w,fvkdYawmh ajymw,f/ rSmuav;0bufrS jyefvnfwifyYkd
rnfjzpf&m bdvyfajrvkyif ef;rsm;
bdvyfajrpufHkrsm;twGuf jynfywifyaYkd ewJah ps;EIe;f xuf ydk &jcif;aMumifh pufw
kH nfaqmuf
udkyg cGJa0a&mif;csay;&ef pDpOf toH;k jyK&ef cGaJ 0ay;aom obm0 rsm;wJah ps;eJv
Y yk if ef;&Siaf wG oH;k & xm;onhaf e&mrsm;txd o,f,l
vsuf&SdaMumif; pGrf;tif0efBuD; "mwfaiGUrSm urf;vGefrSxGuf&Sd &if wGuaf jcrudu
k Ef idk b
f ;l }}[k if; ydaYk qmif&rIrmS tcuftcJawGUBuHK
Xme a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiGU aom obm0"mwfaiGUrsm;jzpfNyD; u ajymonf/
&NyD; avmifpm&Sm;yg;rI jyem
vkyfief;rS od&onf/
avmifuRrf;EkdifrI tylpGrf;tifrSm
vuf&o
dS ;kH pGaJ e&aom avmif rsm;&S d a eaMumif ; if ; uajym
vuf&SdwGif vnfywfvsuf ukef;wGif;xGufobm0"mwfaiGU pmEIe;f xm;rsm;t& bdvyfajrwpf onf/
&Sdaom bdvyfajrpufHk 15 Hk rsm;xuf enf;yg;aMumif; uarm wefvQif ausmufrD;aoG;avmif
wGit
f pk;d &pufrkH sm;? tpk;d &ESihf zuf ZbdvyfajrpufHkrS wm0ef&Sdol pmtoHk;jyK ukefusp&dwf usyf
a0,H r k d ; jrif h
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
ucsifppfa&Smifpcef;rsm;wGif wpfOD;vQif wpfaeY[if;zdk;

usyf 100 EIef;atmufom pm;oHk;ae&
rEav;? Zlvikd f 15
ucsif j ynf e ,f ? ppf w d r f ; a&S m if p cef ; rsm;wG i f vl w pf O D ; \

pm;p&dwfukefusaiG[if;zdk;rSm wpfaeYvQiftenf;qHk; 38 usyfrS
trsm;qH k ; usyf 100 zd k ; om oH k ; pG J p m;aomuf a e&aMumif ;
ppfa&Smifpcef;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufcJhonfh tjzLa&mifwGJvufrsm;
tzGJUrS udkbdkbdkOD;u ajymonf/
]]pcef;awGrSm&SdaewJh wdrf;
a&SmifaeolawGtwGuf tm[m&
qdik &f m taxmuftyHah wG ta&;
wBuD ; vd k t yf a eygw,f } }[k
txufygyk*dKvfu ajymonf/
wdr;f a&Smiforl sm;onf tm[m&
csKd UwJrh rI sm;jzpfymG ;aeNy;D trsKd ;orD;
ESifh oufBuD;&G,ftdktrsm;pkrSm
pd w f u sa&m*grsm; cH p m;ae&
aMumif; ZGefv 28 &ufrS Zlvdkif
14 &uftxd ucsifjynfe,f?
ppfa&Smifpcef; 17 ckodkY ESpfywf
Mum c&D;oGm;a&mufco
hJ nfh tjzL
a&mifwGJvufrsm;ESifh pdrf;a&mifpdk
tzGJU0ifrsm;u ajymonf/
xdkYtjyif ppfab;a&Smif
jynfolrsm;onf tm[m&csdKUwJh
rIaMumifh aemufqufwJG use;f rm
a&;qdk;usdK;rsm;udkyg cHpm;ae&NyD;
rdk;&moDjzpf aexdkif&cufcJjcif;
ESifh tjcm;ab;'kursm;udkvnf;
cHpm;ae&onf[k pdr;f a&mifpt
kd zGUJ
0ifrsm;u ajymonf/
jyKpkuo
k ay;rnfh wwfuRr;f
onfh q&m0efr&SdbJ tcsdefwdk

oifwef;ay;xm;aomolemjyKrsm;
udo
k mtm;ud;k tm;xm;jyK uko
ae&aMumif; oGm;a&mufcJhaom
pcef;rsm;wGif vl&pS Of ;D vQif tenf;
qH;k wpfO;D rSm a&m*gb,cHpm;ae&
aMumif; ucsifc&D;pOfwGif vkduf
ygcJo
h nfh tjzLa&mifwv
JG ufrsm;rS
q&m0ef w pf O D ; uvnf ; ajym
onf/
]]olwdkYawG&JU usef;rma&;
twGuf txl;pdk;&drfrdw,f}}[k
txufyg q&m0efu rSwcf sujf yK
onf/
ucsipf pfab;a&Smifpcef; rsm;
wGif ulnDaxmufyHha&; ypnf;
rsm; ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeNyDjzpf
ovdk if;wdt
Yk aejzifv
h nf; wwf
Edik o
f avmuf oGm;a&mufvLS 'gef;
rnfjzpfaMumif; ppfab;a&Smifol
rsm; ae&yftjrefjyefEikd af &;twGuf

ppfBuD;NyD;qkH;&ef vdktyfaeNyDjzpf
NyD; tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk; yl;aygif;
ulnD&ef wdkufwGef;aMumif; pdrf;
a&mifpdktzGJU Ou| OD;wifopfu
ajymonf/
tjzLa&mifwGJvufrsm;ESifh
pdrf;a&mifpdk tzGJUwdkY yl;aygif;um
ucsijf ynfe,fvikd Zf m? rdik *f sm,ef?
refppD onfph cef;17ckoEYkd pS yf wfMum
c&D;oGm;a&mufcNhJ yD; pdw"f mwfjrihf
wifa&;? usef;rma&;ESihf vlraI &;
tultnDrsm; ay;cJhMujcif; jzpf
onf/
ucsifjynfe,fwiG f ppfab;
a&Smifpcef; 483 ckcef&Y NdS y;D ppfab;
a&Smifpcef;rsm;odkY a&muf&Sdaeol
wpfoed ;f 0ef;usif&adS Mumif;? tpd;k
&ppfwyfESifh KIA wdkYMum; jzpfyGm;
aeaom wdu
k yf rJG sm;aMumifh ode;f
*Pef;&Sdaom jynfolrsm; ae&yf
odkY pGefYcGmNyD; ppfab;a&Smifpcef;
rsm;odYk a&muf&adS eonfrmS wpfEpS f
ausmfNyDjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
armif w m
Vol.4, No.28 ,July 19, 2012
jrefrmwGif ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmftMum tar&duefukrPD

yxrqHk; jyeftajccs
ESpfaygif; ESpfq,fausmftMum yxrqHk;tjzpf tar&duef

jynfaxmifpk emrnfausmfukrPD General Electric Co. (GE)
rS m or w tk d b m;rm;\ jref r mtay: yd w f q k d Y t a&;,l r I r sm;
avQmhcsaMumif; aMunmNyD; oHk;&uftMum &efukefNrdKUawmf&dS
aq;kHESpfkHukd usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIqkdif&m ypnf;rsm;a&mif;
cs&ef pmcsKyf c sKyf q k d v d k u f N yD jzpf o nf /
&efuek Nf rdKU&dS yef;vIid Ef iS hf A[kd
pnfaq;kHwkdYwGif toHk;jyKrnfh
acwfrDa&m*g&SmazGa&;ESifh uko
a&;pufypnf;rsm;ukd 0,f,l&ef
GE \ jrefrmEki
d if w
H &m;0if ud,
k f
pm;vS,f Sea Lion ESifh Zlvdkif
14 &ufwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;
cJjh cif;jzpfonf/
]]ESpEf idk if H qufqaH &; txl;
ojzifh pD;yGm;a&;t& ul;vl;quf
qHa&;rSm 'DvufrSwfa&;xdk;yJG
uae u@opfzGifhvdkufwmyJ}}
[k tar&duefjynfaxmifpk Ekid if H
wum ukeo
f ,
G af &;qkid &f m? 'kwd
, ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; 0efBuD;
rpwm z&efppudkqef;csufu
,if;tcrf;tem;wGif ajymqkd
onf/
Ford Motor Co.,, General
Motors, Goldman Sachs,
Google, GE,
Coca-cola,
Pepsi, Dell ponhf ukrPDrsm;

yg0ifaom tar&duefpD;yGm;a&;
udk,fpm;vS,ftzJGUrSm Zlvdkif 14
&ufESifh 15 &ufrsm;wGif jrefrm
Ekid if o
H Ydk a&muf&aSd eNy;D pD;yGm;a&;ESihf
&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS q
I idk &f m tcGit
hf vrf;
rsm; aqG;aEG;vsuf&dSonf/
uarm'D;,m;EdkifiH c&D;oGm;
NrdKUawmf qD&rf&dwGif Zlvdkif 13

&uf a eY u jref r mor w ES i f h
tar&duef Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;wkYd
awGUqHkcJhNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jyef
vnf&if;ESD;jrKyfESH&ef tar&duef
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;udk orw
OD;odef;pdefu zdwfac:cJhonf/
]]EkdifiHwumrSm usifhoHk;wJh
Y nD &if;ES;D jrK yfEo
HS rl sm;
pHEeI ;f rsm;eJt
tusK;d pD;yGm;eJY Edik if t
H usK;d pD;yGm;wdYk
rQwpGm cHpm;Ekdif&ef pwifaqmif
&Guv
f suf &dyS gw,f}} [k OD;ode;f
pdefuajymqdkcJhonf/
Ekid if t
H wGi;f yxrqH;k ajccs
vmaom GE onf jrefrmEkdifiH
twGi;f use;f rma&;tjyif vQypf pf
"mwftm;ay;a&; vkyfief;wGif
vnf; &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&ef tpDtpOf
&dSaMumif; GE tmqD,\
H trI
aqmift&m&dScsKyf rpwm pwl;
0yf'D;u &efukefNrdKU qD'dk;em;[dk
w,fwGif owif;axmufrsm;udk
ajymMum;onf/
jrefrmEkid if o
H Ykd pD;yGm;a&; ydwf
qkdYrIrsm; w&m;0if ajzavQmhcJh
aMumif;udk NyD;cJhonhf Zlvdkif 11
&ufwiG t
f ar&dueforw tkb
d m;
rm;u aMunmcJhonf/
Dawei Watch
r,fawmfaq;cef; tvSLaiG a':vmodef;csD vdktyf

befaf umuf?Zlvikd f 16
xdkif;EdkifiH? rJaqmufNrdKUe,f&Sd r,fawmfaq;cef; ,ckESpftwGuf oHk;pJGp&dwf xdkif;bwf 18 oef; (uefa':vm 6odef;cefY)

vd k t yf v suf & S d a Mumif ; ,if ; aq;cef ; &S d 'gd k u f w ma'guf w mpif o D , marmif u tvS L &S i f r sm;xH arw m &yf c H x m;onf /
jynf a xmif p k 0 ef B uD ; OD ; cif & D E S i f h a'guf w mpif o D , marmif w d k Y rJ a qmuf N rd K U awG Y q H k p Of
2010 a&G;aumufyJGaemuf
ydik ;f Edik if w
H um tvSL&Sirf sm;onf
jynfwGif;odkY ydkrdktmkHpdkufvmNyD;
aemuf ,if;odkY arwm&yfcHcsuf
xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfonf/
]]Ny;D cJw
h EhJ pS u
f yJ axmufyahH &;
pD r H u d e f ; awG u NyD ; oG m ;w,f /
uRefrwdu
Yk kd axmufyahH ewJh tzJUG
tpnf;uaequfay;rvm;qdw
k m
taMumif;jyefcsuf r&ao;bl;}}
[kr,fawmfaq;cef;\ b@m&Sm
azG a &;wm0ef c H Jasmine u
Dawei Watch odkYajymqdkonf/
jynfwiG ;f odaYk om ydrk t
k d mkpH u
kd f
vmaom tultnDay;a&; tzJUG
tpnf;rsm;rSm jynfy&Sd vlru
I ,f
q,fa&; vkyfief;rsm;odkY tul
tnDjzwfawmufaeaomfvnf;
aq;cef;odkY vma&mufaeaom
vlemrsm;ESifh uav;rsm;ta&
twGurf mS avsmrh oGm;bJ vdt
k yf
csuf r sm; yd k om wd k ; vmae
aMumif; if;u&Sif;jyonf/
jrefrmEkid if t
H wGi;f &if;ES;D jrK yfEHS
rIvkyfudkif&ef tcGifhtcgoifhvm
jcif;aMumifh oufqikd &f mEdik if rH sm;
\ tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf tul
tnDay;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;jynfwiG ;f
odkY ydkrdktmkHpdkufvmjcif;jzpfEkdif
aMumif; Jasmine uqdkonf/
]]EdkifiHwum tpdk;& tul
tnDqw
kd m olw&Ykd UJ tusKd;pD;yGm;
eJUvnf; oufqikd yf gw,f/ tul
tnDay;w,fqdkNyD;awmh tusKd;
ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefay;aqmifonhf pm;aomufqkdif 50 &mcdkifEIef;om&dS

pm;oHk;olwkdYxHrSaumufcHonhf ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefudk jynfwGif;&dS pm;aomufqkdif 50 &mckdifEIef;cefYuom tjynfht0

ay;aqmif a eaMumif ; b@ma&;ES i f h t cG e f 0 ef B uD ; Xme ajymcG i f h & yk * d K vf u ajymonf /
pm;oH;k olwrYdk S awmif;cHonfh
tcGef 10 &mckid Ef eI ;f rS trdeaYf Mumf
jimtrSwf 107^2012 jzihf {Nyv
D
1 &ufaeYrSp 5 &mcdkifEIef;odkY
avQmhayghay;cJo
h nf/ xdo
k Ydk avQmh
csvdkufaomfvnf; vma&muf
ay;oG i f ; rI E I e f ; rS m wuf r vm
aMumif;if;uqufvufajymonf/
]]aMumfjimcsufeJY 5 &mckdif
EIef;yJ aumuf&r,fvdkY qkdxm;
wmawmifrS cyfwnfwnfeJY 10
&mcdkifEIef; qufaumufaewJh
olawG awmifrS &dSaeao;w,f/
'gawGudkvnf; vdkufajymae&
ao;w,f/ 'gu jynfolawGu
ay;aqmifMuwJh aiGawG jzpf
wJhtwGufudk EkdifiHawmfudk ay;
f J ,l
aqmifoifw
h maygh/ r[kwb
xm;&if 'DaiGu Ekifd if aH wmfaiGawG
av}} [k b@ma&;ESifh tcGef
0efBuD;Xme ajymcGifh& yk*dKvfu
ajymonf/
pm;oHk;olrsm;u ay;aqmif
cJh&onhf ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef 5
&mck d i f E I e f ; tm; Ek d i f i H a wmf o d k Y
tjynft
h 0 jyefvnfay;oGi;f jcif;
&d-S r&dS od&ESd idk &f ef vkyif ef;twGi;f
odkY Oya't& 0ifa&mufMunfhI
jcif;udk ,cifuxufy
kd ppfaq;
MuyfrufomG ;oifah Mumif; b@m
a&;ESifh aiGa&;aMu;a&; tcGef
qkid &f mynm&Siw
f pfO;D u axmuf
jyonf/
]]jynfolawGqDu tcGef
aumufNyD; ray;&if 'gu EkdifiH
awmfaiGukd tvGo
J ;kH pm;vkyw
f ,f/
jynfolawGqDu vdrfvnf,l
w,fvdkY owfrSwfvdkY &w,f/
aemufNyD; jynfolu MunfMunf
jzLjzLeJY tcGefay;aqmifcJhwmukd
pm;aomufqidk yf ikd &f iS u
f ray;bl;
qkd&if 'gu ,HkMunfrIudk tvGJ
oHk;pm;vkyfwm pwJh yk'frawG

wyfNyD; ta&;,lvdkY&w,f}}[k
if;u &Sif;jyonf/
EkdifiH\ zJGUpnf;yHk tajccHO
ya't& EkdifiHom;wkdYu tcGef
ay;aqmifMu&rnfjzpfNyD; if;
tcGefrsm;rSmvnf; EkdifiHzHGUNzdK;wkd;
wufa&; vkyfief;rsm; toHk;jyK
&efom jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
touf 50 ausmft&G,f&dS
&efukefNrdKUv,frS ausmif;q&mr
wpfOD;u ]]tck pm;aomufqkdif
awGrSm oGm;pm;&if tcGefqdkNyD;
ydu
k q
f yH akd y;aecJ&h w,f/ 'DaiGawG
udk udk,fu oyfoyfxyfay;cJh&
wm/ 'gu Ek d i f i H a wmf q D u d k y J
a&mufoifhw,f/ r[kwfbJ pm;
aomufqkdifu ,lae&if olwkdYyJ
tjrwfawG &ukerf mS aygh/ q&mr
uawmh tcGefawmif;&if ajypm
eJY pD;vfwq
H yd yf grS ay;w,f}} [k
ajymonf/
Oya' owfrw
S cf surf sm;t&
pm;aomufqidk rf sm;rS jynforl sm;
\ ay;aqmif t cG e f u d k ouf
qkdif&mv ukefqHk;NyD; 10 &uf
twGi;f NrdKUe,f tcGeOf ;D pD;XmerSL;
kH; aiGpm&if;zGihx
f m;onfh bPf
odkY aiGoGif;csvefjzifh ay;oGif;&
rnf[k b@ma&;ESihf tcGe0f efBu;D
Xmeu od&onf/
b@ma&;ESifh tcGef0efBuD;
Xmeu tcG e f a umuf c H & jcif ;
taMumif;rsm;? tcGeftaMumif;
rsm;tm; trsm;jynfolrsm; od&dS
ap&ef tajccHynm tv,fwef;
tqifhrSp today; &Sif;vif;
jcif;ESihf vlxk od&&Sd ef rD',
D mrsm;
xnfhoGif;azmfjyay;jcif;rsm;
vkyaf qmifaeaMumif; od&onf/
rdwfaqGqdkaom pum;onf ]vGwfvyfrI} qdkaom pum;vkH;rS qif;oufvmonf/ rdwfaqGwpfOD;onf

uREfkyfwdkYudk ae&mESifh vGwfvyfrIay;olom jzpf\/
'ufbD tDvDwif
pD;yGm;twGuf Aef;jywmrsKd;vnf;
jzpfoGm;Edkifwmayghav}} if;u
qufvufajymonf/
EdkifiHwum tvSL&Sifrsm;?
tpd;k &rsm;onf jynfwiG ;f odYk tmkH
pdkufrIydkrdkvmjcif;? e,fpyftajc
pdu
k f tzJUG tpnf;rsm;\ vdt
k yf
csuyf rkd rkd sm;jym;vmjcif;aMumifh xdk
odkYb@ma&; tusyftwnf;
BuHKawGUvm&jcif;jzpfEkdifaMumif;
xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf t ajcpd k u f
jrefrmEkid if H 'Dru
kd &ufwpftiftm;
pk (FDB) \ twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf
a'gufwmEdkifatmifu oHk;oyf
onf/
]]e*dkolwdkY ulnDzdkYowfrSwf
xm;wmudk enf;oGm;wmxuf
aemufa&mufvmwJhudpudk wm
0efr,lEikd w
f mawGvnf; &Sw
d ,f}}
[k if;uqdo
k nf/
r,f a wmf aq;cef ; onf
f
b@ma&;tcuftcJaMumifh ZGev
rS pwif 0efxrf;vpmudk avQmh
csvu
kd &f Ny;D 0efxrf;ta&twGuf
udv
k nf; qufvufavQmch s&rnf
jzpfaMumif;? vwfwavmwGif
ta&;ay:r[kwo
f nfh 0efaqmifrI
rsm;udkvnf; avQmhcs&rnfjzpfNyD;
r,fawmfaq;cef;u zGiv
hf pS x
f m;
aom uav;zHGUNzdK;a&; oifwef;
ausmif; (Children's Development Centre) rS taqmifae
uav;aygif; 3000twGuf &dum
ajcmufay;a0jcif;ukdvnf; jzwf
awmuf&rnfjzpfaMumif; r,f
awmfaq;cef;u owif;xkwjf yef
xm;onf/ jynfaxmifpktqifh
Nird ;f csr;f a&;azmfaqmifa&; vkyif ef;
aumfrwD'w
k ,
d Ou|OD;atmifrif;
ESihftzJGUonf ZGefvukefydkif;u
a'gufwmpifo,
D marmifEiS hf awGU
qHkcJhao;onf/
r,fawmfaq;cef;udk 1989
ckEpS w
f iG f a'gufwmpifo,
D marmif
OD;aqmifziG v
hf pS cf NhJ y;D xdik ;f -jrefrm
e,fpyfodkY a&TUajymif;a&muf&Sdae
aom uav;i,frsm;ESifh jrefrm
wpfoed ;f ausmfukd ESppf Of usef;rm
a&; 0efaqmifraI y;vsuf&o
dS nf/
Dawei Watch
tdEd,-tmqD,H um;armif;NydKifyGJ vrf;aMumif;rS

vrf;ydkif;rsm; tqifhjrifhrnf
tdEd,-tmqD,H um;armif;NydKifyGJ jzwfoef;oGm;Murnhf

vrf ; yd k i f ; rsm; tqif h j r i f h w if & ef aqmuf v k y f a &;0ef B uD ; XmerS
T e f M um;csuf xk w f j yef v k d u f o nf /
tdE,
d rS tmqD,EH idk if rH sm;ESihf
quf q H r I t ES p f 20 jynh f
txdr;f trSwt
f jzpf tdE,
d -tm
qD,H e,fpyfjzwfausmf um;
armif;NydKifyu
JG kd 2012 Ek0d ifbmv
wGif usif;yrnfjzpf&m um;rsm;
tqifajyacsmarGUpGmjzifh jzwfoef;
Edik af &;twGuf B.O.T ukrP
rD sm;
tygt0if jynfolYaqmufvkyf
a&;vkyif ef;wdt
Yk m; aqmif&u
G Mf u
&ef T e f M um;cJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf [ k
aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;XmerS t
BuD;wef;t&m&Sdu ajymonf/
]]&Sdoihf? &dStyfwJhvrf;jzpf
atmif csJUMuzdYk vrf;t*Fg&yfeYJ nD
atmiftrSwt
f om;qkid ;f bkwaf wG
vkyMf uzdu
Yk kd TeMf um;xm;ygw,f}}
[k if;uajymonf/
td E d , -tmqD , H e ,f p yf
jzwfausmfum;armif;NydKifyGJwGif
u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd jr0wDaumhu&dwf-bm;tHvrf;ydkif;rS
wpfqifh yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBuD;&Sd yJc;l
vrf;ydik ;f ? yJc;l rSae rEav;wkid ;f
a'oBuD;? rEav;vrf;ydik ;f odYk 0if

um xdkrSwpfqihf ppfukdif;wkdif;
a'oBuD;&Sd ppfuikd ;f -rH&k mG -wrl;uav; vrf;ydik ;f rsm;toH;k jyKoGm;
rnf[k aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;
XmerS od&onf/
um;armif;NyKd ifyu
JG kd 2012 Ekd
0ifbmv 25 &ufaeYwGif pwif
rnfjzpfNy;D tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Ekid if rH S pwif
xGucf mG um pifumyl? rav;&Sm;?
xdkif;? uarm'D;,m;? AD,uferf?
vmtk d E S i f h jref r mwd k Y u d k j zwf
tdE,
d Edik if o
H Ykd 'DZifbm 16 &ufaeY
yef;0ifMurnf[k tdE,
d tajcpdu
k f
e,l;a'vDNydKifyGJusif;ya&; aumf
rwD\xkwjf yefrt
I & od&onf/
c&D;rdik rf mS uDvrdk w
D m 8000 ausmf
&Sdonf/
NydKifyGJyef;0ifpOfwGif tdEd,
Edik if 0H efBu;D csKyftygt0if tmqD,H
10 EdkifiHrS EkdifiHtBuD;tuJrsm;
BudKqdkMurnf[k od&onf/
PN-051
? Ge0Yf if;
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
tmZmenfaeYtcrf;tem;odYk Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;tm; zdwMf um;? jynforl sm; uefYowfcsed tf wGi;f *g&0jyKEidk f
(65) ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfaeYtcrf;tem;odkY EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; wufa&muf*g&0jyK&ef zdwfMum;xm;ovdk trsm;jynfol

rsm;ud k v nf ; owf r S w f c sd e f t wG i f ; *g&0jyKEk d i f a Mumif ; &ef u k e f w k d i f ; a&G ; aumuf y J G a umf r &S i f O u | OD ; ud k u dk u ajymonf /
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm; tmZmenf
*lAdrmefodkY wufa&muf *g&0
jyK&ef 2010 jynhEf pS u
f wpfygwD
vQif 7 OD; zdwfMum;cJhNyD; NyD;cJh
onhf 2011 tmZmenfaeYu
zdwMf um;rI r&dcS ahJ y/ ,ckEpS f tm
ZmenfaeYwiG f Edik if aH &;ygwD wpf
ckvQif 5 OD;pD zdwfMum;xm;NyD;
trsm;jynfoo
l v
Ykd nf; eHeuf 11
em&DrS nae 4 em&DtwGif; vm
a&muf*g&0jyKcGihf ay;xm;aMumif;
OD;udkudku ajymonf/
]]yxrqHk;taeeJY &efukef
wkid ;f a'oBu;D tmZmenfaeY usi;f y
wJh OD;pD;aumifpD? aemuf tm
Zmenf acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;\
rdom;pk? aemuf NGO tzJUG pma&;
q&mawG? kyf&Siftpnf;tkH;?
olwkdY NyD;awmh &efukefrSm tajc
pdu
k w
f hJ Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;? aemuf
oHwreftzJUG ? oHwreftzJUG NyD;&if
jynfolawGaygh/ olwkdYudk 10
em&DcJG 11 em&Duae nae 4
em&Dtxd *g&0jyKcGifhay;xm;yg
w,f}}[k &efuek w
f idk ;f a&G;aumuf
yJaG umfr&SiOf u| OD;udu
k u
kd ajym
onf/
'Drkdu&ufwpf ygwDrS jyef
,refEpS u
f tmZmenfArd mefoYkd oGm;a&muf*g&0jyK&ef apmifq
h ikd ;f aeaom vlxk
Mum;a&;rSL; OD;vSjrifhu if;wkdY

ygwDudk zdwfMum;xm;aMumif;?
ygwDrS A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmifo;kH OD;
ESihf A[dak umfrwD0ifEpS Of ;D aygif; 5
OD; wufa&mufrnf[k ajymonf/
]]zdwfwmuawmh wpfygwD
ig;OD;yg/ 2010 wkef;u ckepfOD;?
rESpu
f awmh rzdwb
f ;l / 'DEpS af wmh
ig;OD;yJ zdww
f ,f/ xl;jcm;csufu
a&G;aumufy&GJ w
Sd hJ ESprf S zdwMf um;
NcHajrodrf; w&m;pGJqdkcHxm;&aom jynfolrsm;ESih f

jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD udk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD; awGUqHk
aejynfawmf? Zlvikd f 14
jynf c d k i f N zd K ;ygwD 0 if vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f ES p f O D ; onf

aejynfawmf ysOf;rem;NrdKUe,f OD;aus;&Gm&Sd tdk;tdrfNcHajr todrf;
cHxm;&aom jynfolrsm;ESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhaMumif; od&
onf /
if;udk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;rSm
jynfolv
Y w
T af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,f
OD;vSjrifOh ;D ESihf trsKd ;om;vTwaf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f OD;rSwBf uD;wdjYk zpfNy;D
OD;aus;&GmtwGif; v,f,majr
Edik if yH ikd jf yKvkyaf &;tpDtpOfaMumifh
w&m;pGJqckd &H aom aetdrrf sm;odYk
,ckv 7 &ufaeYu oGm;a&muf
avhvmcJhonf[k a'ocHwpfOD;
u ajymonf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY &yfrd &yfz
taeeJ Y ud k , f p m;vS , f a wG u d k
w&m;pGJqkdcHxm;&wJh tdrfawG
jycJw
h ,f/ wcsKUd zsuo
f rd ;f ay;vdu
k f
&wJrh o
d m;pkawGtrd if mS ;b0a&muf
aewmvnf; ajymjycJw
h ,f/ ud,
k f
pm;vS,fawGu vTwfawmfxJrSm
oufqdkif&mudk 'DtaMumif;awG
wifjyay;r,fvdkYajymcJhw,f/ NyD;
awmh tck uGif;qif;vmwm[m
jynfolYtoHudk em;axmifwmyJ
jzpfw,fvYkd ajymcJw
h ,f/ 'Dae&m
awGrSm pDrHudef;awGr&Sdao;&if
tckvdk w&m;pGJwm rjzpfoifhbl;
vdkY ajymawmh a'ocHawGvnf;
tm;&0rf;om jzpfchJMuw,f}}[k
w&m;pGJqdkcH&onfh aetdrf
rsm;onf ajrpm&if;XmewGif &Gm
ajr[k owfrw
S cf x
H m;jcif;r&So
d nfh
tjyif ve 39 vnf; r&Sad Mumif;
od&onf/
odkYaomfvnf; &Gmajrjzifh
wpf q uf w nf ; &S d o nf h t jyif
tcsdKUtdrfrsm;rSm rDwm wyfqif
xm;Ny;D jzpfaMumif;? &yfuu
G v
f x
l k
rsm;jym;vmaomaMumifh trSef
wu,faexdik &f eftwGuaf qmuf
vkyfaexdkifMuolrsm;vnf; &Sd
aMumif; txufygyk*Kd vfu quf
vufajymMum;onf/
if;aus;&GmwGif w&m;0if
&Gmajr[kowfrSwfcHxm;&aom
tdrfajcrSm 124 vHk;&Sdonf[k
w&m;0if pm&if;Z,m;rsm;wGif
azmfjyxm;NyD; vuf&Sd w&m;pGJcH&
ae&onfh tdrfajcaygif; 40 cefY
&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/
w&m;pGJqdkcH&onfhtdrfajc
40 rSm O,smOfpak us;&Gmtkypf w
k iG ;f
rS jzpfNyD; OD;aus;&GmESihf wpfquf
wnf;wnf&SdaMumif; v,fajr
rsm;udk 0,f,u
l mtdraf qmufae
xdik o
f rl sm;&So
d uJo
h Ykd v,fajrydik f
qdik o
f rl sm;uvnf; if;ydik af jr ay:
wGif tdrfaqmufaexdkifolrsm;
vnf;yg0ifaMumif;? aetdrrf sm;rSm
tenf;qH;k oH;k ESprf S 15 ESpaf usmf
Mumaqmuf v k y f a exd k i f o l r sm;
vnf;jzpfaMumif; xyfavmif;
od&onf/
pG r f ; &J x G # f
wmcH&wmyg}}[kif;u&Si;f jyonf/
vGrf;olUyef;acG csrnfqkdyg
u Zlvdkif 19 &ufaeYrwkdifrD 18
&ufaeY nae 4 em&D aemuf
qH;k xm; a&Tw*d kH aoG;aq;uef
rkcb
f uf&dS yckuL "rmHo
k Ykd yef;acG
ydaYk qmifay;&rnfjzpfaMumif; OD;vS
jrifhu ajymonf/
Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;? ocifjr?
'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd? OD;&mZwf? ref;b
cdik ?f rdik ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;BuD; p0fpx

H eG ;f ?
OD;b0if;? OD;tkef;armif? &Jabmf
udkaxG;ponhf tmZmenf udk;OD;
usqH;k aom Zlvikd f 19 &ufaeYukd
atmufarhowd& *kPfjyKaom
tm;jzifh tmZmenfaeY[k owf
rSwcf NhJ y;D usi;f ycJ&h m ,cktcg 65
ESpfwkdifcJhNyD jzpfonf/
pd k i f ; vrif ;
ravsmfMoZmoHk;jcif;ESifh t*wdvdkufpm; &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;tm;

oufaocdkfifvHkvQif wdkifMum;Edkif
&J w yf z G J U 0if r sm;taejzif h jynf o l vx

l t
k ay: ravsmfMoZm
tmPmoH k ; jcif ; ES i h f t*wd v k d u f p m;jcif ; rsm;&S d y gu wd k u f d k u f
qufoG,fwdkifMum;EdkifaMumif; &JrSL;csKyf OD;cifarmifpDu ajym
onf /
odkY&mwGif xkdodkY &JwyfzGJU0if ay: yPmrtm;jzifh rSef^rrSef
rsm;\ t*wd v d k u f p m;rI E S i h f OD;pGmppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfNy;D t*wd
ravsmfMoZmtmPmoHk; zrf; vkdufpm;wm rSefuefw,fqdk&if
qD;ESyd pf ufjcif;rsm;tm; wdik Mf um; oufaotaxmuftxm;awGeJY
ygu wdik Mf um;olonf wdik Mf um; wuG tJ'D wyfzGJU0ifudk jyif;jyif;
vkdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihf xefxefta&;,lomG ;r,f/ rrSerf
ywfouf oufaotaxmuf uef vdrfvnfNyD;wdkifw,fqdk&if
txm;cdik v
f pkH mG &S&d efvt
kd yfaMumif; vnf; wdik w
f o
hJ u
l kd w&m;pGt
J a&;
oufomtaxmuftxm;tcdkif ,lr,f[k &JrLS ;csKyf OD;cifarmifpu
D
tvHrk &Sb
d J wifjywdik w
f ef;jcif;onf ajymonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH&JwyfzGJUtaejzihf
ypfpmoabmrsdK; jzpfaeonft
h
wGuf ta&;,laqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnf t*wdvdkufpm;rIyaysmufa&;udk
r[kwaf Mumif; if;u ajymonf/ txl;tav;ay;wdu
k zf suv
f su&f dS
b,fvdkt*wdvdkufpm;rIyJ NyD; t*wdvu
kd pf m;aom &JwyfzUJG
jzpfjzpf jynfoal wGtaeeJY rw&m; 0ifrsm;udkvnf; pHkprf;azmfxkwf
ojzifh cH&wJh udpawGudk NrdKUe,f ta&;,lvsuf&SdaMumif; if;u
&Jpcef;awGeYJ NrKd Ue,fw&m;H;k awGukd xyfrHajymonf/
wd k u f d k u f w d k i f M um;Ed k i f w ,f /
od&Yk mwGif jrefrmEkid if &H w
J yfzUJG
tu,f wdkifMum;rnfholu &J taejzihf t*wdvdkufpm;aom&J
t&m&Sjd zpfaer,fq&kd if wkid ;f a'o wyfzGJU0ifOD;a& rnfrQudk rnfodkY
BuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f&JwyfzGJU ta&;,lcJhonfudkrl ay:jyLvm
H;k awG aejynfawmfrmS &Sw
d hJ &JcsKyf e,l;pfuar;jref;cJah omfvnf; jyef
Hk;eJY jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xmeudk vnfrajzMum;cJhay/
wku
d f u
kd w
f ikd Mf um;vd&Yk w,f/ uRef
PN - 020
awmfwt
Ykd aeeJY wdik Mf um;vmrIt
ref;wGif v,f,majrESifh ajrvGwfajrdkif;rsm;udk w&m;r0if a&mif;0,fygu

Oya't& aqmif&Gufrnf[k qdk
rEav;? Zlvikd f 16
rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD; twGif; ae&mtcsdKU&Sd v,f,majrrsm;? ajrvGwf? ajrdkif;rsm;udk w&m;r0if ta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfygu

w&m;Oya'enf ; vrf ; rsm;twd k i f ; aqmif & G u f o G m ;rnf [ k ref ; cd k i f t axG a xG t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;u ajymonf /
if;tjyif rEav;wdkif;
a'oBuD;wGif tcsdKUae&mrsm;
v,fajrrsm;? ajrvGwfajrdkif;
rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfrS owfrSwf
jy|mef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh
udu
k n
f rD rI &Sad om enf;vrf;rsm;
udk toHk;jyKjcif;? a&mif;0,f
jcif;rsm; jyKvkyaf eonfuk d awGU&
aMumif;? tcsKd Uaom pD;yGm;a&;
f ikd af eol tcsKd Uonf jy|mef;
vkyu
xm;aomajr,mydik q
f ikd rf I Oya'
rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufemrIr&SdbJ
rdrw
d Ykd qEtavsmuf usL;ausmf
aexdkifjcif;ESifh a&mif;0,fjcif;
rsm; aqmif&u
G af eaMumif;? NrdKU
awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD
taejzifv
h nf; Edik if aH wmftpd;k &rS
w&m;0ifOya't& ve^39 cGifh
jyKNyD;NrdKUuGufopfrsm;wGif vrf;
rsm;? a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm; ponfh
pnf y if o m,mvk y f i ef ; rsm;ud k
qufvufaqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnfjzpf
aMumif; NrdKUawmf0ef OD;atmif
armif;u ajymonf/
Zlvdkif 11 &uf nae 4
em&DwGif csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,f
taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;kH; jyK
vkyfaom csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,f
twGif; ajr,mudprsm; w&m;
r0if Oya'rJah qmif&u
G af erI vkyf
ief;rsm;ESifhywfouf today;
&Si;f vif;yGJwGif if;u txufyg
twkdif; ajymMum;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]rEav;NrdKU&JU ajraps;u
tqrwef jrifhwufvmawmh
w&m;r0if a&mif;0,fwm wcsKdU
wavawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh
trsm;pku Oya'twdkif; aqmif
&Guv
f yk u
f ikd Mf uwmyg/ bmjzpfvYkd
vJqakd wmh a&&Snv
f yk u
f ikd af qmif
&Gu&f r,fh vkyif ef;jzpfaewmud;k }}
[k ref;tdrfNcHajr0efaqmifrIvkyf
ief;&SifwpfOD;u qdkonf/
rEav;wdik ;f a'oBuD; tr&
yl& NrdK Ue,f pnf yifa us;&G m ae
awmifol 25 OD;\v,fajrrsm;
udk t"rord ;f ,lc&H NyD; tuGuf
du
k af &mif;pm;aeaMumif;? tqdk
ygajrrsm;wGif KNU Nird ;f csr;f a&;
tzGUJ ydik f v,fajrrsm;vnf; yg&Sd
aeaMumif; wifjyvmrItay:
rSefuefrI &Sd r&Sd a&S;OD;pGm pkHprf;
ppfaq;jcif;udk ZGev
f twGi;f u
jyKvkyfcJhaMumif; od&onf/
tqdyk g v,fajrrsm;ae&m
wGif ukeyf JG w
Hk ef;? ukew
f if,mOf
&yfem;uGif;topf aqmufvyk f
NyD ; pD ; aeNyD j zpf a Mumif ; od &
onf/
PN-011
nDaemifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;ygwDodkY 4 ygwD avhvmoltjzpf yl;aygif;

wdkif;&if;om;ta&;aqmif&GufEdkif&ef ygwD 4 ygwDFrS nDaemif wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ygwDwGif avhvmolrsm;tjzpf yl;aygif;rnf[k

od & onf /
"Ek trsdK;om;ygwD? &Sr;f teD OD;ode;f pdeaf zmfaqmifr,fvYkd ajym mittee udw
k pfygwDvQif ud,
k pf m;
nDaemifwidk ;f &if;om;rsm;ygwD
ygwD? tdcI si;f trsKd ;om;rsm;ygwD xm;wJh tukefvHk;yg0ifwJh Na- vS,f 3 OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; wGif zvH-k pa0: 'Dru
kd &ufwpfyg
ESifh tif;om;rsm;ygwDwrYdk S tpd;k & tional Assembly atmif j rif z k d Y typf&yf wdkif;&if;om;vufeuf wD? rGeaf 'ovH;k qdik &f m 'Dru
kd a&pD
azmfaqmifaeonhf xm0&Nidrf; wlnDwJhudpawGukd aqmif&GufzdkY udik rf sm; Edik if aH &; jzpfpOfopfwiG f ygwD? &cdkifwkdif;&if;om;rsm; wdk;
csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif t yl;aygif;wm jzpfw,f}}[k tdI yg0ifvmap&ef? EdkifiHawmftpdk;& wufa&;ygwD? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;
axmuftuljyKEkdif&efESihf wdkif; csif;trsdK;om;ygwD twGif;a&; azmfaqmifaeonfh Nidrf;csrf;a&; rsm; 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD? csif;
&if;om;ta&; aqmif&GufEkdif&ef rSL; qvdkif;atmifrif;pHu ajym vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk teD;uyfapmifh trsdK;om;ygwDEiS fh u,ef;trsdK;
yl ; aygif ; jcif ; jzpf a Mumif ; od & onf/
MunfNh y;D vdt
k yfonfrsm;udk ulnD om;rsm; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;ygwDwYkd
onf/
nDaemifwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;ygwD &efjzpfaMumif; usm;jzLygwD OD;apm yg0ifonf/
]]Ek d i f i H a wmf or w BuD ; onf Peace Process Com- oef;jrifhu ajymonf/
10
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
rxo(&efukef) o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;
0efaqmifrItoif;tjzpf ajymif;vJcGifhr&ao;
rxo(&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;)tm; &efukef o,f,lykdYaqmif

a&;0ef a qmif r I t oif ; tjzpf ajymif ; vJ z G J U pnf ; &ef &ef u k e f
wkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJUodkY wifjycJhaomfvnf; wpfESpfausmf
Mumjrifhonftxd rnfonhftajzrS r&&Sdao;aMumif; if;XmerS
od & onf /
jrefrmEkid if H ukrP
rD sm; tuf
Oya'? yk'fr 26 t& tjrwft
pGef;&&Sda&;twGuf r[kwfaom
]]&efuek o
f ,f,yl aYkd qmifa&; 0ef
aqmifrt
I oif;}}tjzpf ajymif;vJ
zGJUpnf;jcif;jzifh yDjyifaom aps;
uGufpD;yGm;pepfudk wufvSrf;Ekdif
onht
f jyif &efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBuD;
twGif; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;vsuf&Sd
aom c&D ; oG m ;jynf o l w d k Y u d k
tusKd;jyKonhftwGuf ajymif;vJ
zGJUpnf;jcif;jzpfonf[k rxo
(&efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBuD;)rS wm0ef&dS
olwpfOD;u ajymonf/
2011 ckESpf {NyD 27 &uf
f idk ;f a'oBu;D )
wGif rxo(&efuek w
rS ajymif;vJjyifqifciG jhf yK&ef wif
jycJ&h m &efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &
tzGUJ rS aemufig;vtMum Mo*kwf
8 &ufwGif aemu fajcmufv
MumrS jyefvnfwifjy&efq;kH jzwf
taMumif;Mum;cJhaMumif; od&
onf/
tqkdyg0efaqmifrI toif;
zGJUpnf;Ekdif&eftwGuf jyifypD;yGm;
a&;ynm&Sirf sm;? pD;yGm;a&; wu
odkvfrS ygarmursm;ESifh awGUqHk
aqG;aEG;cJMh ujcif;jzpfNyD; if;wdu
Yk
]]&efuek o
f ,f,yl aYkd qmifa&; 0ef
aqmifrItoif;}}udk zGJUpnf;oGm;
rnfqydk gu &efuek Nf rdKU&Sd c&D;oGm;
jynf o l r sm;twG u f txl ; yif
tusKd;&SdrnfjzpfaMumif; tBuHjyK
ajymMum;cJhonf/
tqdkyg 0efaqmifrItoif;
zGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf; AEKv
o,f,lydkYaqmif&; ukrPDvDrd
wufrS refae;*sif; 'gdkufwm
OD;rsKd;jrifhu ]]aumif;ygw,f/
acwfpepfet
YJ nD ajymif;vJzUJG pnf;
wJhtwGuftrsm;ydkif ukrPDawG
vnf; jzpfay:vmr,fhtcsdefrSm
aumif;ygw,f}}[k if;\tjrif
udk ajymonf/
rxo (&efukefwdkif;a'o
BuD;)onf 1956 ckESpfrwkdifrD
yk*vdu,mOfydkif&Sifrsm; pkpnf;
&efukefNrdKUwGif; o,f,lydkYaqmif
a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufcJhNyD;
1962 ckEpS f Mo*kwf 20 &ufrpS
acwftqufquf a'oqdkif&m
tpd;k &tzGUJ \ vrf;Terf EI iS t
hf nD
yHo
k Pmef tenf;i,fpaD jymif;vJ
um &efukefNrdKUwGif; c&D;onf
o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;
udk wm0ef,al qmif&u
G af y;cJjh cif;
jzpfonf/
xuf xuf r k d;jrif h
,mOfpD;cenf; oufwrf;ukef vlpD;bwfpfum; tpm;xdk;jyefajy;qGJjcif; avsmhenf;ae

oufwrf;ukef vlpD;,mOfa[mif;ydkif&Sifrsm; ,mOfopftpm;xdk;ajy;qGJrI enf;yg;&jcif;rSm c&D;onfwifbwfpf ,mOfpD;cEIef;xm;

avsmh e nf ; onf h t wG u f j zpf a Mumif ; ppf u sef b wf p f , mOf y d k i f & S i f r sm;xH r S od & onf /
ppfuseb
f wfpf tpm;xd;k 31
,mOfydkif&Sif OD;rsKd;0if;u ]]tpm;
xd;k wifoiG ;f cJw
h hJ armf',f 2000
txuf um;awGudk 50 usyf?
100 usyfeJY ydkif;jzwfajy;qGJcdkif;
w,f/ 'gu b,fvrkd S rudu
k b
f ;l /
wjcm;,mOfydkif&SifawGvnf; 'D
twdik ;f qdk topfroGi;f csiMf ubl;/
NyD;awmh wjcm; cdkif,mOfvdkif;
awGrmS vnf; txl;,mOf&&Sad &;udk
apmifhqdkif;aeMuw,f}}[k ajym
onf/
rxo(&ef u k e f w d k i f ; a'o
BuD;)onf ppfuseb
f wfp,
f mOfyikd f
&Sirf sm;twGuf pDpOf0,f,al &mif;
csay;cJ h a om ,mOf r sm;teuf
,mOfopfBuD;tpD; 30 udk 31
,mOf vdik ;f ESihf 57 ,mOfvikd ;f wGif
ajy;qGv
J su&f adS Mumif;? ,mOfyikd &f iS f
rsm;rS 0,f,lwifoGif;xm;onfh
,mOf 10 pD;tygt0if 53 pD;
wifoGif;NyD;jzpfonfrSty ,mOf
tdk? ,mOfa[mif;tyf pvpfjzifh
xyfrH0,f,ljcif;r&SdaMumif; od&
onf/
tqdyk g ,mOfopf xyfr0H ,f
,ljcif;r&Sad om taMumif;&if;rsm;
rSm ,mOfrsm;tyfESHNyD; wifoGif;
onf h , mOf r sm;ES i f h pyf v sOf ;
oufqidk &f m0efBu;D Xmersm;rS xkwf
jyefaomtrderYf sm;ajcmufBurd x
f uf
renf; ajymif;vJrI&Sdjcif;? CNG
udpE iS yhf wfouf ,kMH unfrt
I m;
enf;vsuf&Sdjcif;? pvpfwefzdk;
avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;? 'dkifem 31
pD;? [dkif;vyf 154 pD;? pkpkaygif;

185 pD;,mOfrsm; tyfESH&mwGif
City Bus ,mOf0,f,lcGifhpvpf
ray;bJ qvGe;f pvpfomay;tyf
jcif;? ,mOfpD;cEIef;xm; avsmh
enf;onfhtwGuf 0ifaiGaumif;
onfh ta0;ajy; Express om
wifoiG ;f jcif;wdaYk Mumifh jzpfonf/
xkt
Yd jyif 2012 ckEpS ?f arv
18 &ufaeYwiG f &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'o
BuD;tpdk;&tzGJUrS trsm;ydkif,mOf
vdik ;f rsm; zGUJ pnf;cGijhf yKonft
h wGuf
aMumifh ,mOfyikd &f iS rf sm; pdwZf a0
Z0gjzpfay:jcif;ESihf &efuek Nf rdKUwGi;f
tqifjh rifph ;D wD;bwfprf sm; ajy;qGJ
&ef *syefum;pD;a& 3000 rMumrD
wifoiG ;f &ef pDpOfjcif;aMumifh jynf
wGi;f wpfyikd w
f pfEikd f pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
ief;tay: &if;ES;D jrKyfErHS I xyfrjH yK
vkyf&ef ,kHMunfarQmfvifhcsuf
tm;enf;vmjcif;wdkYaMumifh jzpf
onf[k rxo(&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'o
tpdk;&avvHypf um;trsdK;tpm;vdkuf tpm;xdk;wifoGif;cGifh jyKrnf

tpd;k &avvHypfxm;onfh um;rsm;tm; trsKd ;tpm;tvdu

k f tpm;xdk;wifoGif;cGifhjyKoGm;rnf[k ukef;vrf;ydkYaqmifa&; TefMum;rI
OD ; pD ; XmerS owif ; &&S d o nf /
avvH , mOf t pm;xd k ; wif &mrsm;rS 10 ESpf txuf toHk; vdkY tawmfa[mif;EGrf;aeNyDvdkY MILIA wdkYwGif t? 1u? 2u?
oGi;f jcif; yxrtokwftaejzifh jyKNy;D um;rsm; jzpfum jyifqif&ef ajymvd&Yk ygw,f}}[k if;u quf 3u? P? o ponfh tu&mrsm;
MAZDA-B360, MAZDA B-600
vkdtyfcsdefwGif Xmeqdkif&m bwf vufajymonf/
yg0ifonf[k if;xHrS od&onf/
ESihf MAZDA-FAMILIA um;trsKd ; *suaf iGjzifh rvHak vmuf jynfol
avvH , mOf r sm;jzpf o nf h
,if;um;rsm;udk pwiftyfEHS
tpm; oHk;rsdK;udk Zlvdkifv 12 rsm;odkY avvHypfa&mif;cscJhjcif; twGuf ,mOftu&mjzifh cGJjcm; cHonfh &ufudkom owfrSwfay;
&ufaeYwGif pwiftyfESHcHvsuf&Sd jzpfonf/
tyfESHcH tqifrajy&m ,mOf xm;NyD; aemufqHk;tyfESH&ufudk
aMumif; txufyg XmerS tBuD;
]]avvHum;awGudk ,mOf trsdK;tpm;vdu
k t
f yfEcHS &H jcif;jzpf owfrw
S fay;xm;jcif;r&SdaMumif;
wef;t&m&Sd wpfO;D u ajymonf/ a[mif; tpm;xdk;cGifhay;w,fqdk onf[k if;u xyfavmif;ajym ESifh tpm;xdk;wifoGi;f ygu ,m
]]aemuftokwfqdk&if *spf wmu Xmeqdkif&mu 10 ESpf? onf/
,DrSwfyHkwifaMu; 60 &mcdkifEIef;
wdkY WAGON wdkYvnf; ygvm tESpf 20 oH;k Ny;D wJt
h jyif jyefvnf
vuf & S d v ma&muf t yf E S H c H avQmhcsaumufcHrnfjzpfaMumif;
JG o
hJ al wGvnf; 10 ESpf vsuf&Sdonfh MAZDA B-360, if;u ajymonf/
ygvdrfhr,f}}[k if;u qkdonf/ avvHqw
avvHum;rsm;rSm Xmeqdkif avmufoHk;NyD;wJh um;awGjzpfae MAZDA B-600 ESihf MAZDA-FAa0rmxG e f ;
um;ygrpfaps;uGuf jyefOD;armhvm
tyfum;rsm; enf;yg;vmjcif;ESifh e,fbufrS t0,fqif;

vmaomaMumif h tajcrvS j zpf a eaom ygrpf a ps;uG u f jyef
vnf O D ; armh v maMumif ; ,if ; tod k i f ; t0d k i f ; rS od & onf /
xkdodkYjrifhwufvm&jcif;rSm
vuf&Sd ]e}ESifh ]y} tu&mrsm;
om tyfEjHS cif;udk vufcaH eao;
aomaMumihf aps;uGuftwGif;
,if;tu&m,mOfrsm; a&mif;csrI
enf;yg;vmNy;D xyfr
H ]A}tu&m
rsm; tyfEjHS cif;cGijhf yKygu ygrpfaps;
tenf;i,fusqif;Ekid af Mumif; [H
om0wDum;0dkif;rS 0,fa&mif;OD;
ausmfrsKd;u ajymonf/
]]t&ifu rd;k &Gm&if aps;uGuf

at;aeayr,fh tckrdk;wGif;rSm
awmife,fbufu tdrfpD;orm;
awG t0,fqif;vmw,f}}[k
if;uajymonf/
e,fbufrS 0,f,o
l l trsm;
pkonf qmhzf? y&m'dk? yg*s,fdk;
paom ygrpf j zih f o m0,f , l &
onhu
f m;rsm;udk trsm;qH;k 0,f,l
MuaMumif; od&onf/
]]tck um;0dkif;xJrSm ygrpf

wpfapmifoed ;f 60 txd jyefwuf
aeNyD/ tJ'gawmif renf;vku
d &f mS
0,fae&w,f}}[k tusKd;aqmif
OD;wifu ajymonf/
,mOftkd,mOfa[mif;tyfESH
jcif;ESifhtwl ay:aygufvmaom
ygrpfaps;uGufonf tjrifhqHk;t
jzpf ygrpfwpfapmifusyo
f ed ;f 150
rS 170 txdaygufaps;&Scd NhJ y;D Ekid if H
om;wkid ;f vGwv
f yfpmG wifoiG ;f cGihf
jyKvku
d Nf y;D aemufyikd ;f aps;uGurf sm;
ysufum ygrpfwpfapmif odef;
50 txd usqif;cJhonf/
oufwrf;Mumjrifh,mOfrsm;?
y,fzsufa&;ESifh tpm;xkd;,mOf
wifoGif;&eftwGuf 2011 ckESpf
puf w if b mvrS p wif ]p}
tu&mrS ]y}tu&mtxd ,mOf
a[mif;tyfEcHS iG jhf yKcJNh y;D vuf&dS ]y}
tu&mtxdtpD;a& oHk;aomif;
ausmftyfESHNyD;jzpfonf/
'k w d , tok w f t jzpf ]A}
tu&mrsm; qufvuftyfESHcGifh
jyKrnfjzpfNyD; tyfESHcGifhjyKrnhf&uf
udkrl rowfrSwf&ao;aMumif;
uke;f vrf;ydaYk qmifa&; TeMf um;rI
OD;pD;XmerS od&onf/ Ge0Yf if;
BuD;)rS od&onf/
vuf&dS ppfuseb
f wfpf ,mOf
tpm;xdk;ajy;qGJaeaom ,mOf
tpD; 30 rSm armf',f 2000
txuf,mOfjzpfNyD; txl;,mOf
owfrw
S cf sufjzifh jyifqifxm;NyD;
jzpfjcif;aMumifh ,mOfpD;c 200^
300 usyfEIef;xm; aumufcHvdk
aMumif;? odkYaomf if;EIef;xm;
r& ,mOfyikd &f iS rf sm;rSm bPfw;kd
EIef;rsm;aMumifh c&D;onfwifprf;
oyfajy;qGjJ cif;jzpfaMumif; 31 ESihf
57 ,mOfyikd &f iS rf sm;xHrS od&onf/
rSwfykHwif oufwrf; Mum
jrifzh suo
f rd ;f ,mOfrsm;jzpfaom ppf
usefbwfpf 344 pD;? ,mOfBuD;
5 pD;? bDtrf 32 pD;? &def;*sm; 7
pD;? um;vwf 31 pD;? [dkif;vyf
154 pD;?pkpak ygif; 573 pD;&Sad Mumif;
,aeYtcsdefxd tNyD;tyfESH,mOf
307 pD;? ajy;qGJqJ,mOf 236
pD;ESifh tNyD;tyfr[kwfbJ ajy;qGJ
jcif;r&Sad wmhonhf ysuu

f u
G u
f if;
uGm ,mOftpD; 30 &Sdonf/
,mOftdk,mOfa[mif; zsuf
odrf;,mOfrS ajy;qGJjcif;r&Sdawmh
onfh ,mOf 377 pD;ESifh rxo
(&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;)rS 2011
ckESpf {NyDrSp ,cktcsdefxd Ekwf
xGufoGm;aom ,mOf 93 pD;
&Sdojzifh &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
twGif; c&D;onfwif ydkYaqmif
ay;aeaom,mOftpD; 430 avsmh
enf;oGm;aMumif; rxo (&efuek f
wkdif;a'oBuD;)rS od&onf/
tqdkygXmerS wm0ef&Sdol
wpfOD;u ,mOfopfrsm;tpm;xdk;
wifoGif;ajy;qGJrI enf;yg;jcif;
aMumifh rSwfwkdifrsm; kH;wuf?
kH;qif;csdefwGif c&D;onfpkykHvm
Edkifjcif;? w&m;r0if ,mOfpD;c
ydkawmif;cHvmEdkifjcif;? A[dkESifh
,mOfvdkif;rsm; &&SdonfhtkyfcsKyfrI
p&dwf0ifaiGrsm; avsmhyg;vmEkdif
jcif;? &efuek Nf rKd Uawmftm; acwfrD
Nrd K Uawmf w nf a qmuf & mwG i f
acwfro
D ,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;uGe&f uf
tm;enf;oGm;Ekid jf cif;ESihf c&D;onf
wif,mOfvkdif;ajy;qGJrI wpfydkif
wpfEdkif vkyfudkifonfh ,mOfydkif
&Sifrsm;\ pm;0wfaea&; cufcJ
vmEdkifouJhodkY if;wdkYESifhtwl
vkyfudkifaeaom ,mOfvkyfom;
rsm;\ rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;rsm;
cufcJvmEdkifjcif;wdkY jzpfay:vm
Edik faMumif; okH;oyfxm;onf/
xufxufrd k; jrifh
tmqD,Hwefydkpepf taumiftxnfazmf&ef
uwm;rjzwf,mOftm; ta&;,ljcif;jzpf
ukew
f if,mOfrsm;tm; owfrw
S u
f wm;rS rjzwfygu ta&;,l
jcif;onf tmqD,w
H efypkd epftm;taumiftxnfazmf&ef aqmif&Guf
jcif;jzpfaMumif; ta0;ajy;ukepf nfyaYkd qmifa&;*dwrf sm;u ajymonf/
ukeu
f m;rsm; owfrw
S u
f wm;rSrjzwfygu 'PfaMu; 10 q ay;
S af Munmxm;onf/
aqmif&ef aqmufvyk af &;0efBu;D XmerSw&m;0ifowfrw
]]'D'PfaMu; 10 qqkdwm wefydkudk ajymwmjzpfrSmyg/ ukefum;
wkdif;uawmh uwm;ay:u jzwfrSwefydkwifrwifqkdwm ppfaq;vkdY
&rSmav}}[k &efuek -f jr0wDta0;ajy; ukepf nfyaYkd qmifa&;*dwrf S wm
0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
ukefwif,mOfrsm;tm; ajcmufbD;um;rsm;twGuf 16 wef? 10
bD;um;rsm;twGuf 21 wef? 12 bD;um;rsm;twGuf 25 wefowf
rSwf wefydkwifaqmifjcif;tm; ZGefvqef;ydkif;rSp okn 'or 5
txdom cGijhf yKxm; onf/ owfrw
S w
f efcsdex
f uf ydrk w
kd ifaqmifygu
'PfaMu;tjzpf 10 qowfrw
S
f ta&;,lrrI sm;jyKvkyv
f suf&o
dS nf/
G &f m
xko
d w
Ydk efykd wifaqmifjcif;tm; pepfwusta&;,laqmif&u
wGif aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;XmeESifh yk*vduvkyfief;&Sifrsm; tusKd;wl
yl;aygif; vrf;toH;k jyKcaumufcaH &;twGuf BOT pepfjzihf Edik if aH wmfoYkd
80 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ay;oGi;f apNyD; 20 &mckid Ef eI ;f tm; vkyyf ikd cf iG &fh &So
d rl sm;\
0efaqmifc tjzpftusK;d tjrwfowfrw
S
f wd;k *dwrf sm;? wHwm;rsm;tm;
tmqD,HpHcsdefpHTef;ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufaejcif;jzpfonf/
]]t"duuawmh wefyrkd wifjzpfatmif vkyaf qmifMuwmyg/ uRef
awmfwYkd BOT &xm;wJu
h rk P
aD wGeYJ aqmufvyk af &;0efBuD;Xme twl
yl;aygif;Ny;D vkyMf uygw,f/ wku
d Bf uD;bufu wk;d *dwrf mS qdk aqmufvyk f
a&;ydik ;f u ud,
k w
f ikd v
f mxkid Nf yD;BuD;Muyfay;Muygw,f}}[k vrf;toH;k c
aumufcaH &;twGuf avvH&&Sx
d m;aom rufpjf refrmukrP
rD S wm0ef
&So
d w
l pfO;D u ajymonf/ ,cifu ukew
f if,mOfrsm;tm; uwm;tm;
enf;csufrsm;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh owfrSwfwefcsdef\ 0 'or 99 txd
cGifhjyKay;cJh&mrS ZGefv 1 &ufaeYrSpwif 0 'or 5 txdom
wefydkwifaqmifcGihfjyKawmhaMumif; od&onf/
tdrpf nfp;kd pH
11
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
zkef;jzifhtifwmeufoHk;ol wdk;vm tifwmeufqdkifrsm;0ifaiG xuf0uf avsmhusoGm;

rd k b d k i f ; zk e f ; ES i f h tif w meuf o H k ; pG J r I r sm;jym;vm &ef u k e f w d k i f ; a'oBuD ; twG i f ; &S d tif w meuf q d k i f r sm; 0if a iG x uf 0 uf e D ; yg;
usqif ; oG m ;aMumif ; tif w meuf q d k i f r sm;rS od & onf /
]]zkef;awGu aps;awGusNyD;
tifwmeufvikd ;f zGiahf y;vdu
k af wmh
zkef;udkifEkdifwJh vlawmfawmfrsm;
rsm; qdik u
f kd rvmawmhb;l / ud,
k hf
zke;f eJY ud,
k yf o
J ;kH Muw,f/'gaMumifh
vlr0ifawmh 0ifaiGex
YJ u
G af iG rrQ
bl;/ qdik q
f ufziG rhf zGiq
hf w
kd mawmh
wpfvESpfvavmufapmifhMunfh
OD;rSmyg}} [k ausmufwHwm;NrdKU
e,frS tifwmeufqikd w
f pfqikd rf S
wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
vuf&w
dS iG f jrefrmhqufo,
G f
a&;vkyif ef;rS rdb
k ikd ;f zke;f rsm; tif
wmeufo;kH pGcJ iG u
hf kd usyf 15 ode;f
5 aomif;*s?D usyif g;ode;f *s?D usyf
ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,frS Cyber rsm;ESifh *drf;upm;enf;rsdK;pHkudk qif;rIrsm;ESifhywfouf jrefrmh
ESpfodef;*sD? usyfig;odef; CDMA
G af &;rS tBuD;wef;t&m
f pfO;D u ]]uGef xnfhoGif;ay;rIrsm; jyKvkyfMuNyD; qufo,
S o
f ed ;f CDMA tifwmeufqikd &f iS w
800 MHz ? usyfEp
euf&iS cf si;f ,SO&f ifvnf;omw,f/ ay;oGi;f ae&onfh vpOfaMu;rsm; &SdwpfOD;u rdrdwdkYEkdifiHtaejzifh
800 MHz ESifh WCDMA zkef;rsm;
hf OS yf gu tifwm
tm;oH;k pGcJ iG hf ay;xm;NyD; tifwm wpfem&DoHk;pGJcvnf; oufom vnf; avQmhcsay;&ef oufqdkif tjcm;Edik if rH sm;ESi,
eufavQmufxm;cGiu
hf v
kd nf;vuf w,f/ *drf;aqmhrvm;?Skype &mtifwmeuf 0efaqmifrIay; eufueOD;wyfqifcrsm; jrifrh m;ae
f yk f onfh ukrP
rD sm;xHawmif;qdv
k m aomfvnf; tcsKd UEik d if rH sm;xufo;k H pGcJ
&St
d csed t
f xd cGijhf yKay;xm;aMumif; eJzY ek ;f ajymrvm;? zke;f eJY tvkyv
vd&Yk awmh zke;f udik w
f o
hJ l b,fvrkd S rIrsm;&Sad Mumif;od&onf/ tqdyk g oufomaMumif;?vuf&jdS yem
qufoG,fa&;rS od&onf/
k yfaeonfh
]]wul;wuawmh tifwm tifwmeufqdkif rvmawmhbl;/ udpESifhywfouf tifwmeuf rsm;jzpfay:aejcif;rSmvdt
eufqikd rf oGm;awmhb;l / rdb
k ikd ;f zke;f 'Dawmh b,fvrkd S 0ifaiGraumif; 0efaqmifrIay;onfh Red Link tajccHtaqmufttHk rNyD;pD;
h wGuo
f m jzpfaMumif;
rD w
S m0ef&o
dS u
l vpOfaMu; ao;onft
eJYyJ oHk;pGJjzpfw,f/ qdkifrSm wpf Ekdifbl;/ NyD;cJhwJhvuqdk&if av; ukrP
kd &f w,f/ vl0if udkawmh avQmhcsay;zdkY tpDtpOf tajccHtaqmufttHk Ny;D pD;ygu
ckckudk Download vkyrf ,fq&kd if aomif;avmufpu
H umEIe;f twdik ;f jzpfay:vm
tMumBuD;apmifh&w,f/ zkef;eJY ae&if a wmh wpf o d e f ; atmuf r&Sad Mumif;?ueOD;wyfqifcrsm;udk Ekid if w
tjrwf&ydS gw,f}} [k ajymonf/ omavQmch say;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? rnfjzpfaMumif;?tifwmeufjrefEeI ;f
Download vkyfawmh cPyJvkyf
k nf; wd;k csUJ ay;vsu&f adS Mumif;?
vuf&w
dS iG f tifwmeufqikd f vuf&v
dS nf; ueOD;wyfqifcrsm; udv
&w,f/ aiGukefvnf;oufom
w,f/ 'gaMumifh zke;f 0,fNyD; tif trsm;pkrmS 0ifaiGusqif;vmjcif; udk,cifEIef;xuf rsm;pGmavQmhcs aemufydkif;wGif Download qGJ
onfo
h ;kH pGcJ om ay;acs&rnfph epf
f nfh ay;vsuf&SdaMumif; ajymonf/
wmeuf a vQmuf j zpf w m}} [k aMumifh tifwmeufo;kH pGEJ ikd o
vuf&t
dS ifwmeuf wyfqif txdvyk af qmifay;rnfjzpfaMumif;
r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,frS zkef; oifwef;? Pfingo ? Skype ponfh
atmifaZmf
H umzke;f ac:qdEk ikd o
f nfh pepf crsm;? oH;k pGcJ ESihf uGeef uf&iS f us ajymonf/
udik af qmifou
l n
kd n
D u
D ajymonf/ Ekid if w
uwfpepfajymif;zkef;rsm;xJrS BudKwifaiGvufusef
usyfwpfodef;ESifh txuf&dSrS aiGxkwfay;rnf
bDvfpepfrS uwfpepfodkY ajymif;vJ&mwGif ydkaiGusef usyf

wpfodef;ESifh wpfodef;txuf&dSolrsm;om aiGxkwfay;oGm;rnf
[k jref r mh q uf o G , f a &;rS od & onf /
]]wpfodef;atmuf &dSwJhol jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
bD v f p epf r S uwf p epf
awGudkawmh qufoG,fa&;u
xkwfjyefay;xm;wJh tcsufESpf ajymif;vJxm;onhf zkef;rsm;\
csuu
f ykd J toH;k jyKoGm;&rSmyg}} [k qEjyKvTm ay;yd&Yk rnhf aemufq;kH
jrefrmhqufo,
G af &; vkyif ef; tif &ufrsm;rSm 2012 arv 1 &uf
*sief ,
D mcsKyf wpfO;D u ajymonf/ aeYrS 31 &ufaeYtwGi;f uwfpepf
BudKwifaiG wpfoed ;f atmuf ajymif;vJxm;olrsm; taejzifh Zl
&dSolrsm;ESifh ywfouf jrefrmh vdkifv 31 &ufaeYtxd vnf;
qufoG,fa&;rS xkwfjyefxm; aumif;? ZGefv 1 &ufaeYrS 30
onhf tcsufrsm;rSm BudKwifaiG &ufaeYtwGi;f uwfpepf ajymif;ol
vufusef (ydkaiG) (usyf^FEC) rsm;tm; Mo*kwfv 31 &ufaeY
tm; aiGjznhfuwfpepfokdY quf txdvnf;aumif;?Zlvikd v
f 1&uf
vufjznfhwif;oGm;&ef? ,if;odkY aeY aemufyikd ;f uwfpepf ajymif;
rjyKvkyyf gu BudKwifaiG pepfxm; olrsm;tm; pufwifbmv 30
&dSonhf atmfwkdw,fvDzkef;ESifh &ufaeYtxdvnf;aumif; aemuf
tjcm;rd k b k d i f ; zk e f ; rsm; ( GSM/ qHk;xm; ay;ydkY&rnfjzpfaMumif;
WCDMA rSty) okdY qufvuf
xkwfjyefcsuft& od&onf/
vTJay;EkdifaMumif; xkwfjyefcsuf
vuf&w
Sd iG f ueOD;xkwf wpf
t& od&onf/
q,hif g;ode;f ig;aomif; *sDzek ;f rsm;
tqkdyg xkwfjyefcsufrsm; tm; bDvpf epfrS aiGjznfhuwf
tm; aqmif&Gufrnfqkdygu rdrd pepfoYdk ajymif;vJay;aeNyD; bDvf
a&G;cs,fonhf qEjyKcsuftm; pepf qufvufoHk;&rnfqkdygu
qufoG,fa&;rS owfrSwfay; pufwifbmv zkef;bDvfrSpwif
xm;onhf aemufqHk;&ufrwkdif tGev
f ikd ;f zke;f bDvaf qmifonhf
ciftxd jrefrmhqufoG,fa&; pepftm;oH;k pJ&G rnf[k qufo,
G f
vkyif ef;? aiGpm&if;XmeokYd zke;f ydik f a&;rS xkwfjyefxm;onf/
qkdifrI taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh
atmifaZmf
yl;wJG qEjyKvTm ay;ydkY&rnf
uGefysLwme,fy,fESifh qufpyfolwdkif;
&efukef uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Siftoif;odkY 0ifEdkif
uGefysLwme,fy,fESifh qufpyfvkyfudkifaeol rnfolrqdk

&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Siftoif;odkY
0if c G i f h a wmif ; cH v mygu toif ; 0if c G i f h ay;tyf o G m ;rnf j zpf
aMumif ; od & onf /
uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Sif t
oif;odkY ,cifu uGefysLwm
a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfudkifol vkyf
ief;&Sirf sm;om 0ifa&mufcMhJ u&mrS
,cktcg &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
twGi;f &Sd ICT e,fy,faygif;pHkrS
vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;? rdb
k ikd ;f ESihf qufpyf
ypnf;vkyfief;rsm;? uGefysLwm
qufpyfypnf;vkyfief;rsm;tjyif
tifwmeuf uaz;rsm;yg toif;
0if&ef zdwaf c:oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
if;toif;rS wm0ef&o
dS l wpfO;D u
ajymonf/
]] uGefysLwm pmpDpmdkufeJY
toufarG;0rf;ausmif; jyKvkyw
f hJ
olawGawmif 'Dtoif;udk 0ifap
csifygw,f/ vlrsm;awmhrS tjypf
awG? jyemawGudk Iaxmifh
aygif;pHu
k ae ajz&Si;f Edik rf mS yg}}[k
if;yk*Kd vfu qufvuf ajymMum;
onf/
uG e f y sLwm vk y f i ef ; &S i f
toif ; od k Y 0if a &muf j cif ; jzif h
toif;0ifrsm;rS aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm; ESihf
jyyGJrsm;odkY tcrJh 0ifa&mufaqG;
aEG;jyoEdkifrnf jzpfNyD; toif;&Sd
qyfaumfrwDrsm; twGif; rdrdwdkY
pdwfyg0ifpm;&m tcef;u@
yg0ifvyI &f mS ;aqmif&u
G cf iG &hf &Srd nf
jzpfonf/
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; uGef
ysLwm vkyif ef;&Sit
f oif;ESihf uGef
ysLwm ynm&S i f t oif ; wd k Y
vufwGJum e-yangon pDrHudef;
atmufrS e-Literacy u@tm;
aqmif&u
G v
f su&f o
dS nf/ ,if; pDrH
udef;twGuf odyHESifh enf;ynm
0efBuD;Xme? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme?
&efukefuGefysLwm wuodkvfESifh
trSwf 3 tajccH ynmOD;pD;Xme
wdkYESifh yl;aygif; tajccH ynm
ausmif;rsm;rS q&m? q&mrrsm;
tm; tajccHuGefysLwm wwf
ajrmufa&; oifwef;rsm; zGiv
hf pS f
oifMum;ay;cJh&m trSwfpOf 4
txd oifwef;om;OD;a& 807
OD; wufa&mufcJhNyD; jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
,cktcg uGefysLwm vkyf
ief;&Sit
f oif;ESihf uGeyf sLwmynm
&Siftoif;wdkY yl;aygif;jyyGJrsm;
wpfESpfvQif ig;yGJcefY jyKvkyfjyo
vsuf&SdNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd ICT
u@wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&; twGuf
&nf&G,f 2011 ckESpf 'DZifbm
3 &ufaeYrS pwifzGJUpnf;cJhaom
toif;jzpfonf/
ok w vif ;
rdkbkdif;zkef;tcsKdU nac:qdkc avQmhaps;ESifh r&

nydkif;rkdbkdif;zkef; ac:qdkcEIef;xm;rsm; avQmhcsay;xm;onfqkdaomfvnf; rdkbkdif;zkef;tcsKdUrSmrl

zk e f ; oH k ; pG J o l t csKd U xH r S od & onf /
tqdkyg zkef;tcsKdUrSm bDvf jyefMunhfawmh trsm;BuD;rusef udk wpfred pfvQif 25 usyEf eI ;f jzifh
pepfraS iGjznhu
f wfpepfoYkd ajymif; awmhbl;/ zkef;rajymcifydkufqH oHk;pGJcGifhavQmhcscJhonf/
vJxm;onhf zke;f rsm;jzpfNyD; uwf b,favmuf&SdvJqkdwm Munhf
]]nydik ;f awmh zke;f odyrf ajym
pepfwGif oHk;pGJcGifhay;xm;onhf NyD;rSajymwmyg/ nbuf 11 em&D jzpfawmh owdrxm;rdbl;/ NyD;cJh
pepftwdik ;f oH;k pGcJ iG &hf aomfvnf; ausmf&if 25 usyfyJus&rSm tck wJt
h ywfu owdxm;Ny;D zke;f ajym
nydik ;f ac:qkcd wGirf l tjcm; rdb
k idk ;f awmh 50 tjynfhjzwfxm;wm wm b,favmufusovJqw
dk m
zkef;rsm;uJhodkY oHk;pGJEkdifjcif; r&Sd awGU&ygw,f}}[k urm&GwNf rKd Ue,f MunhfNyD;aiGwGufMunhfawmh 50
aMumif; od&onf/
rS a':vSoef;u ajymonf/
yJjzwfxm;wm awGU&ygw,f}}[k
]]bDvpf epfuae uwfpepf
vuf&w
dS iG f jrefrmhqufo,
G f vm;Id;NrdKUe,frS tpdk;&0efxrf;
ajymif;NyD; ESp&f ufo;kH &ufavmuf a&;vkyif ef;rS nydik ;f rkb
d idk ;f oH;k pGcJ
wpfOD;u ajymonf/
nydik ;f 11 em&DcaJG vmufzek ;f tNrJ rsm;tm; rwfv 14 &ufaeYrS
tqdyk gudpr sm;ESihf ywfouf
ajymjzpfw,f/ zkef;ajymNyD;NyD;csif; pwif n 11 em&DrS eHeuf 6 jrefrmhqufo,
G af &;vkyif ef; rS
zke;f xJrmS aiGb,favmufusev
f J em&DtwGi;f rdb
k idk ;f zke;f oH;k pGcJ rsm; tif*sief ,
D mcsKyfwpfO;D u Mc Will
Bar Camp X
tjynhft0ay;acsae&aMumif;
zke;f ESihf wpfcgoH;k uwfzek ;f rsm;rS vGJ
use&f o
dS nhrf b
kd idk ;f zke;f tm;vH;k n
ydik ;f ac:qdck EIe;f xm;tm; xuf0uf
avQmhcsoH;k pGcJ iG hf ay;xm;aMumif;?
vuf&jdSzpfaeonfrsm;tm;jyefvnf
ppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajym
onf/ vuf&SdwGif jrefrmhquf
oG,fa&;rS nydkif;rkdbkdif;zkef;ac:
qkcd EIe;f xm;rsm; avQmch say;rIwiG f
FEC wpfcgoHk;zkef;uwfrsm;udk
vnf; avQmhcsay;awmhrnfjzpf
aMumif;qufo,
G af &;rSo&d onf/
atmif a Zmf
Mo*kwfwGif usif;yrnf
enf;ynmtcsuftvuftjyif usef;rma&;? ynma&;u@rsm;yg0ifonhf enf;ynmES;D aESmzvS,yf JG (Bar Camp) tm; Mo*kwfv

wGif usif;yjyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; Bar Camp tzGJUrS od&onf/
tqdkyg enf;ynmESD;aES m av;jzpfatmif aqmif&Gufxm; wGi;f enf;ynm&Sirf sm;omru Edik if H wufa&mufaqG;aEG;Ekdifatmif
zvS,yf t
JG m; Mo*kwv
f 3 &ufaeY wmyg/ use;f rma&;?ynma&;u@ wumrS enf;ynm&SiftcsKdUudkyg aqmif&Gufxm;aMumif; if;u
rS 5 &ufaeYtxd &efukefNrdKU awG aqG;aEG;wJt
h cgrSm oufqidk f zdwfac:oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; apwem xyfavmif;ajymonf/
jrefrmtifzw
kd uf eHeuf 9 em&DrS &m0efBuD;XmeawGu t&m&SdawG &Si0f efxrf;tcsKUd udv
k nf; zdwaf c:
enf ; ynmES D ; aES m zvS , f y G J
nae 5 em&Dtxd usif;yoGm; udk zdwfac:oGm;zdkYtxd aqmif oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; if;uquf (Bar Camp) tm; 2010 ckESpfrS
rnfjzpfNyD; acgif;pOfwpfcktm; &Gufay;oGm;rSmyg}}[k tqkdyg vufajymonf/
pwifusif;ycJhjcif;jzpfNyD; ,ckESpf
wpf&ufom aqG;aEG;oGm;jzpf tzGJUrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym
tqdkygyGJtwGuf aqG;aEG; &efuek w
f iG u
f si;f yonhf Bar Camp
aMumif; od&onf/
onf/
rnht
f cef;av;cef; owfrw
S x
f m; rS m pwk w t Bud r f a jrmuf j zpf
]]enf ; ynmES D ; aES m zvS , f
if;tjyif enf;ynmaqG; NyD; wpf&ufvQif aqG;aEG;ay; aMumif; od&onf/
csifoal wGtwGuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aEG ; onh f & uf w G i f v nf ; jynf rnhfolig;&mrS ajcmuf&mtxd
atmif a Zmf
12
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
9 ESpfMum ydwfxm;onfh yk*Hbk&m; 25 ql jyefvnfzGifhvSpfawmh rnf r[kwf

ae0ifcsdef wufa&mufMunfhIcGifh 9 ESpfMum ydwfxm;aom yk*Ha'o&Sd bk&m; 25 qltm; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfawmhrnfr[kwfbJ

tNyD ; yd w f o G m ;rnf [ k od & onf /
]]bk&m;awG&UJ BuHch ikd rf I rjynfh
0vdyYk g}} [k yk*aH &S;a[mif;okaw
oejywdu
k Ef iS hf trsKd ;om;pmMunfh
wdu
k Of ;D pD;XmerS wm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D
u ajymonf/
bk&m;rsm;\ BuHhcdkifrI tm;
enf;jcif;rSm bk&m;rsm;ay:odk Y
wufa&mufonfhtcgyJhusjcif;?
jyKwfusjcif;? pOfu
h iG ;f rsm;udk vuf
ESiu
hf ikd af omtcg yJu
h sjcif;wdYk jzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
]]r*FvmapwDrmS qd&k ifvnf;
rormol a wG u pOf h u G i f ; awG
awmif jzKwfcdk;oGm;wmawG &Sd
w,f}} [k if;u qufvuf
&Sif;jyonf/
tqkyd gbk&m;rsm;tm; BuhcH ikd f
rIjynf0h atmif jyefvnfjyKjyifxm;
aMumif;? bk&m;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI
tarGtESprf sm;ukBd udKwifumuG,f
&ef ,ckuJhodkY ydwfxm;&jcif;jzpf
aMumif; if;u qufvufajym
onf/
ae0ifcsed f wufa&mufMunfh
IciG yhf w
d x
f m;aom bk&m;rsm;wGif
yk*aH 'o&Sd bl;vnfo;D ? yk*aH rQmf?
a<u;usefray;aom EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
[dkw,frsm;tm; pDrHudef;opf azmfaqmifcGifh rjyK
[d k w ,f E S i f h c &D ; oG m ;vma&;0ef B uD ; Xmeod k Y ajriS m ;&rf ; c

a<u;usefray;aom EkdifiHjcm;wkdufdkuf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI [dkw,f
rsm;tm; pDrHudef;opfrsm; qufvufvkyfaqmifcGifh rjyKawmh
aMumif ; [d k w ,f ^ c&D; 0ef B uD ; XmerS od & onf /
jynfy{nhfrsm; yk*H&Sd"r&mZubk&m;odkY ae0ifcsdefMunfh&ef wufaeonfudk awGU&pOf
awmif*leD? ajrmuf*leDtp&Sdaom
bk&m;rsm;vnf; yg0ifaMumif; od&
onf/
xdkae0ifcsdef wufa&muf
Munfh cI iG yhf w
d x
f m;aom bk&m;rsm;
tm; bk&m;ay:odo
Yk mwufa&muf
cGifhydwfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD; bk&m;t
wGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufz;l ajrmfEikd o
f nfh
tjyif eH&Hyef;csD? ausmufpm
ponfrsm;udkvnf; avhvmEdkif
aMumif; od&onf/
xdkYtjyif yk*Ha'oudk urmh
,Ofaus;rIa'ojzpfatmif,el uf
pudEk iS fh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf
&SNd yD; tDwvDEikd if \
H aiGaMu;tul
tnDjzifh Ekid if jH cm;ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf
yl;aygif; vkyfudkifvsuf&SdaMumif;
od&onf/
yk*Ha'o&Sd ae0ifcsdef wuf

a&muf MunfhIcGifhjyKxm;aom
bk&m; 2217 ql&SdNyD; ydwfxm;
aom bk&m;rSm 25 qlom&Sd
aMumif;? aemufBuHch ikd rf t
I m;enf;
onf[kxif&aombk&m;rsm;udk
vnf; qufvufyw
d o
f mG ;rnf[k
tqdkyg wm0ef&Sdolu qdkonf/
1997 ckEpS af emufyikd ;f rSp

tm&Sa'owGi;f aiGaMu;tusyf
twnf;jzpfjcif;? c&D;oGm;vkyf
ief;usqif;jcif;wdkYaMumifh FDI
[dkw,frsm;onf tpdk;&odkY ajr
iSm;&rf;c uefa':vm oef;csD
ay;&ef&dSaMumif; od&onf/
a<u;usefay;NyD;aom? ay;
&ef nEd idI ;f aeaom pDru
H ed ;f opf
rsm;udo
k m cGijhf yKay;aeNyD; a<u;
userf ay;aom pDru
H ed ;f opfvyk f
k ,frsm;udk
&efwifonhf FDI [dw
qufvyk &f efaxmufccH sufxw
k f
ray;awmhaMumif; [dw
k ,f^c&D;
rS wm0ef&Sdoluajymonf/
vuf&SdwGif &Sef*&Dvm[dk
w,f? xa&;'g;puG,
J m; ponf
wdt
Yk ygt0if pDru
H ed ;f av;ckvyk f
aqmifaeNyD; uefa':vm 285
oef;&if;ES;D jrK yfEx
HS m;aMumif; od&
onf/
1997 aemufyikd ;f rSp FDI
[dkw,frsm;onf tpkd;&odkY ajr
iSm;&rf;c 76 'or 7 oef;ay;
&ef&&dS mrS 36 'or 89 oef;udk
ay;acsxm;NyD; usefa<u;rsm;&&Sd
k ,f
&ef 0efBuD;XmeESihf FDI [dw
rsm; nEd idI ;f vsuf&o
dS nf[k od&
onf/
jrefrmEdik if \
H Edik if jH cm; &if;ES;D
jrK yfErHS [
I w
kd ,fu@wGif pifum
ylEkdifiHu trsm;qHk;&if;ESD;jrKyfESH
vsuf&SdNyD; xkdif;EdkifiHu 'kwd,
trsm;qH;k &if;ES;D jrK yfEx
HS m;onf/
vkyaf qmifqJ FDI [dw
k ,f
pDru
H ed ;f opf av;ckNy;D pD;ygu pkpk
aygif ;td y f cef ; 5290 &S d vm
rnfjzpfaMumif; [dkw,f^c&D;rS
xkwfjyeffcsuft& od&onf/
arZif 0 if ;
pd k i f ; vrif ;
aps;upm;onfh EdkifiHjcm; wdkufdkuf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHonfh [dkw,frsm; a&&SnfwGif emrnfysufEdkif

aps;upm;aeaom Ed k i f i H j cm;wd k u f d k u f & if ; ES D ; jr K yf E H S r I [ d k w ,f r sm; vuf & S d E I e f ; twd k i f ; quf o G m ;ygu a&&S n f w G i f if ; wd k Y o m
emrnf y suf z G , f & S d a Mumif ; c&D ; oG m ;vk y f i ef ; tod k u f t 0ef ; u ajymonf /
yif;w,&Sd a&TOrifobm0vdP
k *f b
l &k m;
"mwfy-kH tifwmeuf
"Ekudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o jynfy{nfh 0ifaMu;

wkd;jrih faumufcH
&Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; yif;w,a'owGif jynfy{nhf0if

aMu;udk "Ekudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'otpdk;&rS ESpfa':vmwkd;jrifh
aumuf c H v d k u f a Mumif ; c&D ; oG m ;vk y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;rS od & onf /
[dkw,f^c&D;0efBuD;XmerS rlvjynfy{nhfwpfOD;vQif oHk;a':vm
aumufcH&mrS a'ocHtpdk;&u ESpfa':vmxyfwdk;aumufcHjcif; jzpf
onf/ xkw
d ;dk jri Ehf eI ;f xm;udk Zlvidk v
f rSpwifaumufcaH eNy[
D k r&rf;uke;f
tajcpkdufc&D;oGm;vkyfief;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
wk;d jri ahf omEIe;f onf "Eku,
kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'orS aumufcjH cif;
jzpfNyD; &Sr;f jynfe,f tpd;k &\ cGijhf yKcsut
f & a'ozGUH NzdK;a&;ESihf obm0
ywf0ef;usix
f ed ;f odr;f a&;wdt
Yk wGuf aumufcjH cif;jzpfonf[k [dw
k ,f^
c&D;rS wm0ef&Sdoluajymonf/
]]tck tJ'Dwkd;aumufwmudk c&D;oGm;vkyfief;awGu rauseyf
Muwm&Sv
d Ydk tpd;k &eJjY yefnad ew,fvMYdk um;w,f}}[k txufyg c&D;oGm;
vkyfief;&Sifu ajymonf/
vuf&w
dS iG f yif;w,odYk pyde{f nht
f rsm;qH;k 0ifa&mufaeNy;D rwfv
onfc&D;onftrsm;qHk; 0ifa&mufaomvjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
arZif 0 if ;
vuf&w
dS iG f FDI [kw
d ,fBuD;
tcsKd UrSm jrefrmEdik if \
H c&D;oGm;vkyf
ief;a&&Snzf UHG NzKd ; wd;k wufapa&;udk
xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKawmhbJ
c&D;onf0ifa&mufrIrsm;vmcsdef
wGif &orQ 0ifaiG,l&efom pOf;
pm;aeonfh taetxm;wGif&Sd
aeaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiH c&D;oGm;
vkyfief;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;
OD;ausmfxGef;u ajymonf/
&efuek fwGif [dw
k ,ftcef;
aygif; 8000 ausmf&o
dS nft
h euf
FDI[dw
k ,fyikd t
f cef;ta&twGuf
rSm 2000 ausmfom&Sdonf/ &ef
ukeftjynfjynfqdkif&m avqdyf
rS wpf&ufc&D;onf t0ifrmS jynf
wGi;f jynfy pkpak ygif; 150 OD;om
&Sdaomfvnf; [dkw,ftcef;r&&Sd
c&D;pOfrsm; ysuf&onfqdkjcif;
rSm vufcHEdkifzG,f&mr&SdaMumif;
if;u ajymonf/
FDI [kw
d ,fBuD;rsm; aps;u
pm;rIESifh ywfouf &efukef&Sd

ukefonfBuD;rsm; [dkw,frS wm
0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D u ]]tckavmavm
q,f [dkw,f^c&D;utrdefYpm
awGvnf;xkwfxm;awmh FDI
awGeJY ywfoufwmawGudk rajz
csifbl;}}[k ajymonf/
&efukef[dkw,fvkyfief;udk
FDI [kdw,frsm;rS tcef;ta&
twGuft& csKyfudkifEdkifonfh
oabmobm0r&S d a omf v nf ;
t&nftaoG;t& wdkif;&if;om;
ydik [
f w
kd ,frsm;rSm if;wdEYk iS hf ,SOf
NydKif0efaqmifrIay;Edkif&ef vdktyf
aMumif; jrefrmEdik if H c&D;oGm;vkyf
ief;&Sirf sm;toif;rStwGi;f a&;rSL;
OD;wifxGef;atmifu ajymonf/
FDI [k d w ,f r sm;ES i f h ywf
ouf [dkw,f^c&D;rS TefMum;
pmxkwu
f mowday;xm;Ny;D jzpfNy;D
pnf;urf;azmufzsuaf om[dw
k ,f
rsm;udk wkid Mf um;Edik o
f nf[k xkwf
jyefxm;aMumif;? vuf&t
dS csdex
f d
wdik Mf um;rI wpfpw
kH pf&m r&Sad o;
bJ xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;aqmif
&Gufaeaom taetxm;jzpfae
aMumif; [dkw,f^c&D;rS jyefMum;
a&;wm0efcHu ajymonf/
FDI [kdw,frsm; aps;upm;
rI? pmcsKyfazmufzsurf EI iS yhf wfouf
OD;ausmx
f eG ;f u]]jrefrmhc&D;oGm;
vkyfief;rSm 15 vHk;avmuf&SdwJh
FDI [kw
d ,fawG&UJ aps;upm;aerI
aMumifh c&D;oGm;vkyfief; ysufpD;
wmrsdK; tjzpfcHrvm;? 'gudkyJ
0efBuD;Xmeu MuyfMuyfrwfrwf
xdef;csKyfrvm;qdkwmrsdK;jzpfvm
NyD}}[k ajymonf/
tqdkyg [dkw,fBuD;rsm;rSm
c&D;oGm;vkyfief;rsm;tm; tcef;
ray;jcif;onf c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;zGUH
NzKd ;rIukd oabmobm0t&aESmifh
aES;apEdik af omfvnf; tqrwef
aps;upm;rIrsm;onf c&D;oGm;vkyf
ief;tm; tysufpD;apEdkifqHk;jzpf
tpdk;&rS zdwfac:xm;onfh
Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK yfErHS rI sm; 0ifa&muf
vmrnfqdkygu aps;upm;rIrsm;
onf wpfEpS x
f ufyckd rH nfr[kwf
bJ vuf&w
dS iG f aps;upm;aeaom
[dkw,fBuD;rsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiH
odv
Yk monfch &D;onfrsm;ESihf jrefrmh
c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;todik ;f t0dik ;f wGif
emrnfysufjzifhom &yfwnfEdkif
zG,f&m&SdaMumif; od&onf/
]]FDI qdw
k ikd ;f aumif;ovm;
qdkwmudk jyefpOf;pm;zdkY vdkvmNyD?
EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI Oya'rSmyg
'gawGukd xnfw
h u
G zf v
Ykd v
kd mNy}D }[k
OD;ausmfxGef;u ajymonf/
jrefrmwpfEikd if v
H ;kH wGif x&dwf
'g;? qD';kd em;? cs,fx&D,rf tyg
t0ifEikd if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK yfErHS [
I w
kd ,f
26 vHk;&SdaMumif; od&onf/
a0,H ? arZif ? cd k i f E G , f O D ;
xdkif;tajcpdkuf (FIHRD) c&D;oGm;vkyfief;qdkif&moifwef; vmzGih frnf

xd k i f ; Ek d i f i H t ajcpd k u f Foundation of International Human Resources Development

qd k if & moif w ef ; rsm; jref r mEk d i f i H wG i f vma&muf z G if hv S p f r nf [ k [d k w ,f ^ c&D ; rS od & onf /
(FIHRD)
&ef u k e f E S i f h rE a v;wu
odv
k w
f w
Ykd iG f c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;qdik f
&m &ufwdkoifwef;rsm;? bGJUvGef
oifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfEdkifa&;t
wGuf ,ckvtwGif; ynma&;
0efBuD;XmerS aqG;aEG;cJMh ujcif;jzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
]]oifMum;r,fh oifdk;awG
zGifhvSpfay;&ef urf;vSrf;xm;
aMumif;? tqdyk g oifwef;rsm;udk
vnf; rMumrD zGifhvSpfoGm;rnf
jzpfNyD; 'Dyvdrk mESihf bGUJ ay;&ef nd
EdiI ;f aejcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
u qGw
J ek ;f yJ/ 'Dvo
kd ifwef;awGu
c&D ; oG m ;vk y f i ef ; twG u f a wmh
trsm;BuD ; taxmuf t ul j zpf
w,f}} [k [dkw,f^c&D;rS wm
0ef&Sdolu ajymonf/
vuf&SdwGif [dkw,fc&D;0ef
BuD;XmerS [dkw,f0efaqmifrI
oifwef;rsm;udk jrefrmwpfEkdifiH
vH;k wGif Zket

f vdu
k f zGiv
hf pS f oif
Mum;ay;vsuf & S d a Mumif ; od &
onf/
xdk Yjyif [dkw,f^c&D;u@
wGif vlUpGrf;tm; t&if;tjrpfzGHU
NzdK;a&;twGuf pifumylEkdifiHESifh
urmhc&D;oGm;vkyfief;tzGJUwdkUu
vnf; oifwef;rsm;vma&muf
rS c&D ; oG m ;vk y f i ef ;
PN-042
13
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
wuodkvf0if atmifcsufjrifhrm;&ef jynfe,fESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&rsm; a'owGif;zdtm;ay;vm

wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifhjynfe,ftpdk;&tzJGUwkdY\ wuodkvf0ifwef;
atmif c suf j rif h r m;a&; zd t m;ay;rI r sm;aMumif h tajccH y nm
txufwef;rsm; tcsdefydkoifay;jcif;rsm;tygt0if? n pmMunhf
0d k i f ; rsm;zG i f h v S p f j cif ; rsm; jyKvk y f v mMuaMumif ; od & onf /
f &mrBuD;
wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,f txurS ausmif;tkyq
tvdu
k f atmifcsuf &mckid Ef eI ;f rsm; a':at;0if;u pmoifausmif;
wGif tedrfhqHk;tqihf rsm; &yf wpfausmif;vQif tenf;qHk; 35
wnfcJh&onhf {&m0wDwkdif; a' &mckdifEIef; atmifjrif&rnfjzpfNyD;
f ;l &wpfO;D xGuf
oBuD;rSm ,refEpS u
f atmifcsuf 5 bmom *kPx
jrifhrm;a&; txl;ESpf[k tpdk;& &rnfqadk om tpd;k &tzJUG \ Tef
tzJGU udk,fwkdif MuyfrwfcJhonhf Mum;rIt& ,refESpfu aqmif
hJ nfukd ,ckEpS w
f iG f xde;f
twGuf atmifcsu&f mckid Ef eI ;f wd;k &GuEf ikd cf o
vmNyD; *kPfxl;&OD;a& rlvxuf odr;f oGm;&ef eHeuf? nae tcsed yf kd
153 OD; ydv
k maMumif; od&onf/ ac:jcif;ESifhtwl paeaeUwGifyg
f wdik ;f zGiv
hf pS x
{&m0wD wkid ;f a'oBuD; 0ef ausmif;csdet
f m;rI
BuD;csKyf OD;odef;atmifu ]]uRef rsm; jyKvkyfaeygNyD[k ajymonf/
awmfwdkY wpfEdkifiHvHk; tqifhrSm
wpfEidk if v
H ;kH atmifcsuf &m
1 uae tqifh 10 txd&wJh ckdifEIef; 50 ausmfjzihf tjrihfqHk;
ausmif;om;awG vdkcsifygw,f/ ae&mwGif &dcS NhJ y;D yxrtqihf ae
tcku 0dZmwJt
G qihrf mS yJ yxr? &mwGif 4 ESpq
f ufqu
dk f &yfwnf
'kw,
d ponfjzifyh &J aeMuw,f/ Ekid cf ahJ om rGejf ynfe,fwiG v
f nf;
'gaMumifh 'DESpfudk atmifcsuf eHeufydkif;ESifh naeydkif;wkdYwGif
&mcdkifEIef; xdef;odrf;a&; txl; tcsed yf o
dk ifjcif;rsm;ukd aqmif&u
G f
ESpv
f Ykd owfrw
S x
f m;ygw,f}} [k aeNy;D ydw&f ufrsm;wGif tenf;qH;k
ajymonf/
tcsdef 2 em&D ac:oifay;jcif;
[oFmwNrKd Ue,f ,keo
f vif; rsm;udak usmif;rsm;wGif aqmif&u
G f
aexdkif&ma'oESifh eD;aom aq;ausmif;wufcGifh

pwifay;
aeNyD[k rGejf ynfe,f ynma&;rSL;

OD;rif;xGef;wifu ajymonf/
]]'gu t&ifq&mBuD;awG
vkycf w
hJ hJ enf;vrf;rsm;twkid ;f ygyJ/
'gayrJh 'DEpS rf mS tcsdeyf o
kd ifay;wJh
umvudk 1 v xyfapmvkdufyg
w,f}}[k if;uajymonf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,f
tcsKdUwkw
Yd iG f npmzwfcef;rsm;ESihf
twl a'owk d Y r S wu o d k v f ?
aumvdyfrsm;&dS q&m? q&mr
rsm;\ oifwef;ay;rIrsm;udkyg
tajccHynmtxufwef;jy q&m?
q&mrrsm;rS cH,laeMuaMumif;
vnf; ynma&;todkif;t0kdif;rS
od&onf/
rGejf ynfe,f ynma&;rSL; OD;
rif;xGef;wifu 1 ESpfrSm 3 Budrf
3 em&D ar;cGef; yHkpHeJY wuodkvf
0ifwef;uav;awGudk ppfw,f/
pmar;yJrG mS tm;enf;cJw
h hJ uav;
awGudk oufqkdif&m bmom&yf
tvdu
k f jyefNy;D ukpm;ay;wmawG
udk 'DESpf atmufwdkbm? 'DZif
bmeJY azazmf0g&DvawGrSm vkyf
oGm;zdkY &dSw,f}} [k ajymonf/
{&m0wD w k d i f ; a'oBuD ;
ynma&;rSL; uvnf; ykord f wu
odv
k f txufwef;tqifh q&m?
q&mrrsm;tm; ac: oifwef;
PN-051
,ckepfrSp aq;wuodkvf0ifcGifh&olrsm;aexkdif&m a'o

ES i f h eD ; uyf r I & S d a om aq;wu o d k v f o d k Y w uf a &muf c G i h f & NyD [ k
usef ; rma&;0ef B uD ; XmerS tBuD ; wef ; t&m&S d u ajymonf /
av;ckwdkYtwGuf ESpfpOf0ifcGifh&
ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol 2400
udk use;f rma&;0efBuD;Xmeu pdppf
a&G;cs,cf ahJ omfvnf;,ckpmoifEpS f
rSpum xuf0ufavQmhcs OD;a&
1200 udo
k m a&G;cs,fawmh rnf
jzpfonf/ ,if;aMumifh a'oESifh
eD; uyfr I& S da om wuo dk v fo d k Y
ajymif;vJwuf&jcif;jzpfEikd af Mumif;
oHk;oyfonf/
]]'gu aumif;wmayghAsm? r
[kwf&if rauG;rSmoGm;wufae
&wma0;wmaygh}}[k if;u ajym
onf/
&efukefNrdKUwGif; NrdKUe,frsm;
u aq;wuodkvf (1)? &efukef
NrdKUjyif NrdKUe,frsm;u aq;wu
odkvf (2)? jrefrmjynfatmuf
ydik ;f a'orsm;u rauG;aq;wu
odkvf? jrefrmjynftxufydkif;
a'orsm;u rEav;aq;wu
odv
k w
f o
Ykd Ykd ,cifpmoifEpS rf sm;u
wufa&mufcJhMu&onf/
PN-051
bmom&yf t vd k u f bG J U vG e f tqif h j rif h o if w ef ; rsm;tygt0if yg&*l b G J U oif w ef ; rsm;tm;

ol e mjyKwu o d k v f w G i f oif M um;zG i f h v S p f o G m ;Ed k i f & ef pD p Of a eonf [ k usef ; rma&;0ef B uD ; Xme
tBuD ; wef ; t&m&S d u ajymonf /
]]'DEpS f 'grSr[kwv
f mr,hEf pS f odyHtm; txl;jyKbmom&yf ig; rsm;tygt0if yk*v
u
d aq;Hrk sm;
awGrmS zGiv
hf pS o
f mG ;Edik af tmifyg}} rsdK;jzifh bGJUvGefoifwef;rsm;udk ESihf use;f rma&; apmifah &SmufrrI sm;
2001 ckESpfwGif EdkifiH zGifhvSpf vdktyfaeonfh e,fajra'owdkY
[k ajymonf/
1994 {NyD v rS pwif Edik cf ahJ Mumif;? ,ckaemufyikd ;f wGif twGuf tusdK;&v'faumif; jzpf
tajccHynmtxufwef;atmif wd;k csUJ zGiv
hf pS Ef ikd &f ef ,ckuo
hJ Ykd pDpOf onf[k oHk;oyfonf/
jriforl sm;xJrS trSwjf zifah &G;cs,f jcif;jzpfonf[k use;f rma&; 0efBu;D
1986 ckESpfwGif olemjyK
um wpfESpfvQif 150 ac:,l XmerSod&onf/ usef;rma&; 0ef oif w ef ; ausmif ; tjzpf ,ck
olemjyKodyH bGJU'D*&Dav;ESpfoif xrf;wpfOD;u jynfwGif; olem ol e mjyKwu o d k v f ( &efu k e f ) uk d
wef;udk olemjyKwuodkvfwGif jyKqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm; wdk;csJU pwifowfrSwfcJhNyD; 1991 ckESpf
pwifzGifhvSpfcJhNyD; olemjyK r[m oif,o
l mG ;Edik jf cif;rSm tpd;k &aq;Hk Ed0k ifbm 5 &ufaeYwiG f wuov
kd f
tjrpfrsm;tjzpf toih&f adS eap&ef

vkdtyfaomaMumihf rdrdwdkYtzGJUrS
jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwumtawGU
tBuHKrsm;tm; jyefvnfa0rQoGm;
PN-051
jynf y tqif h j rif h y nmrsm; avh v moif , l E k d i f & ef ausmif ; om;rsm;tm; ynmoif
axmufyHhaMu;rsm;ay;jcif;tpDtpOfudk ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS aqmif&GufoGm;&ef&Sdonf[k if;
0ef B uD ; XmerS tqih f j rif h t &m&S d w pf O D ; u ajymonf /
]]Edik if aH wmforwBu;D &JU vrf; jyK aqmif & G u f o G m ;rnf [ k rSmawmh ygygw,f}}[ktqifhjrifh
TefrIxJrSmvnf; yg ygw,f/ ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS od&onf/ t&m&SdBuD;uqufvufqdkonf/
axmufyrhH aI wG ay;oGm;zdu
Yk ykd g}}[k
]]'DtcsdefrSmawmh rvkyfEkdif
rnfa&GUrnfrQ axmufyrhH nf
if;uajymonf/
ao;bl ; / tck jynf w G i f ; rS m qd k o nh f t csuf E S i f h rnf u J h o d k Y
Ekid if w
H umtqihrf D ynma&; ynmoif q k a wG ? ynmoif a&G;cs,frjI zihf ay;tyfomG ;rnfukd
wufvSrf;Ekdifa&;twGuf aqmif axmufyHhaMu;awG ay;aewm aqG;aEG;&rnhu
f pd r sm;jzpfonf [k
&Guf r I rsm;xJ r S wpfck jzpf onh f awGjyKvkyaf ew,f/ 'gayrJjh ynfy om xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhonf/
tqd k y gtpD t pOf u d k ynma&; ynmoifaxmufyHhaMu;udpu
2012-2013 ynmoifESpf
toH;k p&dww
f ;dk jrirhf t
I ay: tajc aqmif&GufoGm;r,fhtpDtpOfxJ rSp tajccHynmtqihf xl;
jrefrmvli,frsm;vkyif ef;cGit
f BudK tawGUtBuHKrsm; &&Sad p&ef
&nf&G,f jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESihf ausmif;om;vli,f
rsm;Mum; aygif;ul;qufqHay;rnhfvkyfief;tm; pDpOfxm;&SdNyD;
jzpfaMumif;,if;tpDtpOfa&;qGJonhf CONNECT tzGJUtpnf;
xH r S od&onf/
tqifo
h v
Ykd nf;aumif;?1998ckEpS f
Ekd0ifbmwGif olemjyKwuodkvf
(rEav;) udv
k nf;aumif; zGiv
hf pS f
cJo
h nf/ olemjyK'Dyvdrk moifwef;?
ol e mjyKr[mbG J U (ta0;oif )
oifwef;? olemjyK odyb
H UJG (yHrk eS )f
oif w ef ; ? ol e mjyK od y H b G J U
(aygif;ul;) oifwef;? olemjyK
r[mbGUJ oifwef;? txl;jyK 'Dyvdk
rmoifwef;rsm; oifMum;ydkYcsay;
aeaMumif; od&onf/
jynfy tqifhjrifh ynmoifausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef tpDtpOf&Sd
jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifESih f ynmoifMum;qJausmif;om; aygif;ul;qufqHa&; vkyfief;pDpOf
jynfwGif;&Sd vli,frsm; pGrf;

aqmif&nfw;dk jrihv
f map&ef jrefrmh
jynfwiG ;f pD;yGm;a&;tajctaetwGi;f
vli,frsm;rS vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;
ay;aeNyD; trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;ESifh
tnD oifMum;ay;Ekid &f ef twGuf
jzpfonf[k qkdonf/
odaYk omf wjcm;a'orsm;rl
tcsdefydkoifMum;ay;&mwGif aiG
aMu;aumufcHaerIrsm; &SdaeMu
onht
f jyif tcsdeyf t
dk wGi;f oif
cef;pmoifMum;aejcif;ESihf rwuf
rae&yHpk rH sm;aMumifh ausmif;om;
rdbtcsKdUrSm ESpfoufrIrsm; r&Sd
MuaMumif; ucsijf ynfe,fzm;uefY
&Sda'ocHrsm;xHrS od&onf/
zm;uefaY 'orS ausmif;om;
rdbwpfO;D u ]]tjyifrmS tyfxm;
wJhusL&Sifu &Sdaeawmh ausmif;
yg&*lbGJUoifwef;rsm; olemjyKwuodkvfwGif wufEdkifawmh rnf
]]tqifhjrifh ynmOD;pD;XmeJY
ndEIdif;NyD; 'gudk aqmif&Gufwm
yg}}[kif;u ajymonf/
,cif u aq;wu o d k v f
wdkY wufa&mufcGifh&Muonfh
wuov
k d 0f ifwef;atmifrsm; tae
jzifh a'orsm;tvdkuf owfrSwf
xm;aom wu o k d v f w d k Y o m
wufa&mufMu&onf/
,ckEpS rf pS um xdpk epftpm;
txufyg pepfodkYajymif;vJvdkuf
jcif;jzpfonf[k use;f rma&;0efBu;D
XmetBuD;wef;t&m&Sdu quf
vufajymonf/
{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; 0ef
BuD;csKyf OD;odef;atmifu ]]A[dk
tpd;k &tzGUJ udk wifjyxm;csut
f &
uReaf wmfw{Ykd &m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D
uaq;ausmif;wuf&r,fu
h av;
awG 'DESpfupNyD; &efukefrSmyJ
wuf&awmhr,f}}[k ajymonf/
{&m0wD w d k i f ; a'oBuD ;
[oFmwNrdKU&Sd aq;ausmif;om;
rdbwpfOD;u aq;wuodkvf
zm;uefNY rdKU tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;om;ôlrsm; ausmif;qif;vmpOf
jyifycsdefawGudk oabmuspDrH
cefcY cJG iG hf ay;oihw
f ,fvx
Ydk ifw,f/
xm;csiw
f rhJ b
d &So
d vkrd xm;csiw
f hJ
rd b awG u vnf ; &S d a ew,f /
rES p f u zm;uef Y t xuf w ef ;
ausmif;u rdbawGpdwfBudKuf
cGijhf yKay;cJah yr,fh 'DEpS rf mS usawmh
'Dvrkd [kwb
f ;l / rESpu
f wufwuf
rwufwuf wpfvudktcsdefydk
aMu; usyf 5000 ay;cJh&w,f/
'gayrJ h 'D E S p f 3000 usyf
aumufr,fvdkY qHk;jzwfcJhayr,fh
rdbawGndNyD; wifjyvkdufawmh
raumufawmhb;l / 'Dt
h jyif tcsed f
yg xyfwkd;vkdufw,f/ rod&if
wrif n pf v k d u f o vd k y gyJ } }[k
qufo,
G
f &ifziG pfh um;qko
d nf/
ynma&;0efBuD;Xmeu wpf
EkdifiHvHk;wGif wuodkvf0ifwef;
ajzqkdolOD;a& wkd;wufvmonf
ESifhtrQ pmppfXmersm; wkd;csJUzGihf
vSpfoGm;&ef &dSonhftjyif jrefrm
EkdifiH pmppftzJGUtm; jrefrmEkdifiH
pmppftzJUG OD;pD;XmetjzpfoYdk wk;d csUJ
ajymif;vJoGm;rnf[k ajymonf/
rnht
f jyif tBudKvkyif ef;cGi0f if&ef
twGufvkdtyfcsufrsm;udkyg wpf
ygwnf;aqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]jref r mEk d i f i H a usmif ; ol
ausmif;om;awGudk tcsdefrukef
bJeJY udk,fvkyfcsifwJhtvkyfudk
odvmapcsifwmyg/ 'Dtvkyfukd
pdw0f ifpm;vdw
Yk u,fvyk cf siw
f ,f
qdk&ifvnf; vkyfief;cGiftawGU
tBuHK&SEd iS ahf eNyDrYkd tvky&f iS b

f uf
uvnf; olYudkcefYoifhrcefYoihf
pOf;pm;&mrSm ydkvG,fuloGm;Ekdif
r,f/ EkdifiHwumrSmvnf; 'Dvkd
rsK;d vkyif ef;cGit
f BudK tawGUtBuHK
awGuakd usmif;rNyD;cifuwnf;u
,l a eMu&wmygyJ } }[k CONNECT tzGJUOD;pD;wnfaxmifol
rsm;rS udkolxufu ajymonf/
,ckuJhodkY vli,frsm;vkyf
ief;cGirf 0ifrD tBudKtawGUtBuHK

,lEidk jf cif;jzihf pD;yGm;a&;ukrP
rD sm;
twG u f v nf ; vl i ,f r sm;\
t&nftaoG;ESihf vkyt
f m;udk ajr
awmifajrm uftoH;k csEidk rf nfjzpfNy;D
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;bufrv
S nf;
yg0ifulnDaqmif&Gufay;&ef vkd
tyfaMumif;? xkt
Yd jyif Ekid if w
H um
rS tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESihf A[kow
k
rsm; jyefvnfa0rQ&ef vkt
d yfvmyg
u rdrdwdkYtaejzifh ulnDaqmif
&Guaf y;&ef toih&f adS Mumif; jynf
wGi;f &SEd idk if w
H umynma&; at*sif
cRefonhf ausmif;om;rsm;tm;
ynmoifqkrsm; ay;tyfcsD;jrihf
jcif;? qufvufynmoif,l&ef
tcuftcJ&Sdonhf ausmif;om;?
ausmif;olrsm;tm; twef;pOft
vkdufNyD;qHk;onftxd axmufyHh
aMu;tjyif rl v wef ; tqif h
ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol 5 'or
5 oef;twGuf axmufyrhH jI yKjcif;
rsm;tm; ynma&;0efBuD;Xmeu
jyKvkyfcJhonf/
PN-051
pDwpfcrk S wm0ef&o
dS u
l ajymonf/
jynfwiG ;f &Sd vli,frsm; vkyf
ief;cGit
f &nftcsif;jynh0f vmap
&ef ulnaD qmif&u
G af y;rnhf tzGUJ
tpnf;rsm;vkt
d yfvsuf&NdS yD; ,ck
aqmif&Gufay;rnhf CONNECT
tzGJUtaeESifhvnf; vli,frsm;
wk d ; wuf r I u d k t"d u xm;vk y f
aqmifay;Ekid &f ef &nf&,
G
f 2012
ckESpfwGif pwifzGJUpnf;cJhjcif;jzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
ok w vif ;
14
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
MuufajceD trSwftom;qdkif&m trsdK;om;Oya'

jy|mef;apvdk
roefpGrf;olrsm; Oya' ay:aygufvQif trsm;enf;wl

tcGifh ta&; &vmEkdifrnf[k arQmfvifh
Muuf a jceD t rS w f t om;qd k i f & m trsd K ;om;Oya'wpf & yf

jy|mef;ay;&ef oufqdkif&modkY wdkufwGef;xm;aMumif; jrefrmEdkifiH
Muuf a jceD t oif ; tusd K ;aqmif b@mxd e f ; u ajymonf /
]]MuufajceDtrSwftom;
u aq;bufqdkif&m0efxrf;awG
&JU trSwt
f om;r[kwb
f ;l / tck
[mu tvGJoHk;aeMuw,f}}[k
if;uajymonf/
,if;trSwt
f om;udk Muuf
ajceDvIyf&Sm;rIwGif yg0ifolrsm;?
MuufajceDtzGJUtpnf;ESifh wyfr
awmf aq;0ef x rf ; rsm;uom
toHk;jyKcGifh&SdaMumif; od&onf/
MuufajceD\ t"dym ,fonf
ppf r uf j zpf y G m ;&m t&yf
Muuf a jc eD v k y f o m;rsm;ud k
umuG,fay;&ef jzpfNyD;
vlrI0efxrf; yk*vdu\
tcef;u@udk azmfTef;aMumif;
jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;rS
tusd K ;aqmif b@mxd e f ; u
ajymonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH q&m0eftoif;
rS q&m0efwpfOD;u ]]ydkufqH,l
NyD; tvkyfvkyfwJhae&mawGrSm
roH;k zdYk uefu
Y u
G x
f m;wm/ oH;k &if
olw&Ykd UJ oabmu olwYkd trSwf
wHqdyf odrfi,fapw,fqdkwJh
oabmyg}}[k ajymonf/
,ckaemufyikd ;f wGif yk*v
u
d
aq;Hrk sm; tjyma&mif Cross ?
tpdrf;a&mif Cross? tjzLa&mif
Cross trS w f t om;rsm;om
toH k ; jyKMuaMumif ; if ; u
qufvufajymonf/
MuufajceDOya'onf
wpfEdkifiHESifh wpfEdkifiH wlnDrIr&Sd
bJ Edik if \
H rltvdu
k af jymif;vJwwf
aMumif;ESihf vuf&w
dS iG f topfjyef
vnfa&;qGJaeaom MuufajceD
Oya'udkvnf; 2012 'DZifbm
jy|mef;Edik &f ef BudK;pm;oGm;rnf[k
tusd K ;aqmif b@mxd e f ; u
ajymonf/
{y&,fOD;
roef p G r f ; ol r sm;\ tcG i f h t a&;rsm;Oya' jref r mEk d i f i H w G i f

tcG i f h t a&;rsm; &&S d E k d i f r nf [ k arQmf v if h a Mumif ; od & onf /
vlr0I efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;
]]jynfolawGeJY ywfoufwJh
ESijhf yefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBu;D ae&mawGaygh/ pmwku
d ?f ky&f iS f ?kH
Xmeuvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif yef;NcHawGudk tpfrwkdYoGm;csifay
roefprG ;f olrsm;\ tcGit
h f a&;rsm; r,fh oGm;vkdYr&bl;/ wuodkvf
udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&eft ausmif;wufr,fqkdvnf; pm
wGuv
f nf;aumif;? roefprG ;f ol oifcef;awGu tjrifBh u;D rSm oGm;zdYk
rsm;tm; jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&eft tcuftcJ&Sdw,f/ Oya'eJY 'g
wGuv
f nf;aumif;? vlom;wdik ;f awGtm;vH;k udk z,fay;&rSm/ tpfr
cHpm;cGifh&Sdonhf tajccHtcGifht wdu
Yk oGm;Ny;D vkyv
f rYdk &bl;/ tpfr
a&;rsm;tm; roef r pG r f ; rI u d k wdkYtm;vHk;pkNyD; tpfrwkdYrSm 'Dvkd
taMumif;jyK cGJjcm;qufqHrI tcuf t cJ a wG u 'gawG y gvk d Y
r&SdbJ &&Sdap&efvnf;aumif;? ajymyJajymEkid rf mS / Oya'urS 'Dvdk
Ekid if aH wmf zGUH NzdK;wk;d wufa&;vkyf twm;tqD;awGukd z,fay;Ekid rf mS
ief;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Guf jzpfw,f}}[k jrefrmroefprG ;f trsK;d
jcif;jzifh if;wdkY\vlaerIb0udk orD;rsm;toif;Ou| a':i,f
zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufap&ef ]]roefpGrf; i,f at;armifu ajymonf/
,if; ]roefpGrf;olrsm;\
olrsm;\ tcGit
hf a&;rsm;Oya'}}
rlMurf;udk a&;qGjJ yKpkNyD;jzpfonhf tcGit
hf a&;rsm; Oya'} rlMurf;udk
twGuf rMumcifwGif vTwf vTwfawmfodkYwifjyNyD; ay:xGuf
awmfoYkd wifjyEkid af wmhrnf jzpf vmygu ,cifuvH;k vH;k r&cJah om
onf/
tcGifhta&;rsm; &vmEkdifrnf[k
em;oefYaq;oHk; em;jynf,dka&m*gjzpfol rsm;vm

em;oefYaq; oHk;pGJjcif;aMumihf emwm&Snf em;jynf,dka0'emudk uko&rItrsm;qHk;jzpfaeaMumif; em;? ESmacgif;? vnfacsmif;

aq;H k r S txl ; uk q &m0ef w pf O D ; u ajymonf /
]]tckvwfwavm oHk;v
twGif;rSm em;oefYaq;&nfawG
rvkt
d yfbJ rdro
d abmeJo
Y ;kH pGjJ cif;
aMumifjh zpfvmwJh em;jynf,akd 0'
em&Siu
f wjcm;a0'em&Six
f uf ESpf
qydkrsm;vmwm awGU&w,f}}[k
if;uajymonf/
em;t*FgtwGi;f ? tv,fEiS hf
tjyifem;[l tydkif;oHk;ydkif;&Sd&m
a& (okdY) em;oefYaq;&nfoHk;
em;aq;jcif;aMumihf tjyifem;
a&mifEkdifonhftwGuf rjyKvkyf
oihfaMumif; xkdyk*dKvfu ajym
onf/
]]em;oefaY q;&nfeYJ em;aq;

wJt
h cgrSm rawmfwq a&usefchJ
NyD; em;a&mifwwfw,f/ toH
o,f a qmifw J hv rf ; aMumif ; ud k
vnf; xdcdkufEkdifw,f/ em;,m;
w,f/ em;udu
k w
f ,fqNkd y;D aq;H?k
aq;cef;awmh vmrjybl;/ udk,fh
oabmeJYukd,f tvSjyifqkdifwdkY?
tjyifaq;qkid w
f rYkd mS tvG,0f ,f
NyD; em;aq;Muw,f/ em;jynf
,dv
k mawmhro
S m aq;H?k aq;cef;
a&mufvmw,f/ 'gawGukd tod
ynmay;csifw,f}}[k txufyg
q&m0efu ajymonf/
wpfudk,f&nfoefY&Sif;rIESifh
tvStytwGuf tvSjyif? qH
yifnyfqkdifrsm;wGif acgif;avQmf?
em;oefY? em;aq;jcif;wdkYudk 0ef
aqmifrIay; aqmif&Gufae&m
vlvwfydkif;trsm;pkonf vG,f
vifw
h uljyKvkyv
f mMuaMumif; od
&onf/
]]wcsKUd em;oefaY q;&nf awG
u wkwfuvmwmawGvnf;
&Sdw,f/ aemufoufwrf; vGef
aewmawG? t&nftaoG;rjynhf
rDwmawG oHk;rdr,fqdk&if em;
jynf,dkNyD; aemufqHk; em;awmif
uef;Ekid w
f ,f/ 'gaMumihf qifjcif
zdv
Yk ydk gw,f}}[k if;u qufvuf
ajymonf/
,if;tjyif MP3, MP4 ? zke;f
wdu
Yk kd em;Muyfjzihu
f s,favmifpmG
zGifh em;axmifonhf tavh
tusihf&Sdolrsm; taeESifhvnf;
toHEiS hf em;pnf wdu
k f u
kd x
f ad wGU
onhft&SdefaMumihf tMum;tmHk
ysufpD; EdkifonhftwGuf a&Smif
MuOfoihaf Mumif; txufyg q&m
0efu xyfrHajymonf/
cspf q k a qG
roefpGrf;olrsm;twGuf Oya'a&;&m tjrifzGifhpum;0dkif; usif;y

jref r m roef p G r f ; trsKd ; orD ; rsm;toif ; rS BuD ; rS L ; roef p G r f ; rsm;twG u f Oya'a&;&m tjrif z G i f h p um;0d k i f ; ud k Zl v k d i f 13
&ufu vkrdeD tu,f' rDa usmif; usif; ycJ ho nf /
]]tpfrwkw
Yd idk ;f jynfrmS jrefrm
Edik if &H UJ tajccHOya'uvnf; ay:
xGuv
f mNy/D 'DtajccHOya'xJ rSm
vlom;wdkif;u tm;vHk;wef;wl
tcGit
hf vrf;&&r,fqw
dk m ygvm
w,f/ wef;wlnDrQwJh tcGifh
ta&;awGudkroefpGrf;awGonf
vnf; &&r,faygh/ 'gayrJh roef
pGr;f awGu Oya'udek m;rvnfMu
bl;/ tpfrwdkYckvdk yGJav;vkyfNyD;
&Sif;jyawmhrSom Oya'qkdwm
'gawGygvm;qkdwm em;vnfvm
Muw,f } }[k ,if ; toif ; rS
Ou|a':i,fi,f at;armifu
ajymonf/
vlr0I efxrf;OD;pD;XmerSvnf;
]]roefpGrf;olrsm;\ tcGit
hf a&;
rsm;Oya'}}rlMurf;udk a&;qGjJ yKpkNy;D
jzpf rMumrD vT w f a wmf o d k Y
wifjyEkdifawmhrnf jzpfonhft
wGuf ,if;Oya' ray:xGufcif
wkid ;f jynf&t
dS ajccH Oya'udk roef
pGrf;olrsm; em;vnfap&ef &nf
&G,cf sujf zifh jyKvkyjf cif;jzpfaMumif;
tqdkygyGJwGif Oya'ydkif;qkdif
&m oabmw&m;rsm;udk a&SUae
a':cifcifaru tao;pdwf&Sif;
jycJNh y;D jrefrmroefprG ;f trsK;d orD;
rsm;toif;rS toif;0ifrsm;tjyif
tjcm;aom roefpGrf;olrsm;yg
wufa&mufcJhMuaMumif; od&
onf/
cspf p k a qG
ay:ayguf v mygu roef p G r f ; rsm;onf tjcm;ol r sm;enf ; wl

arQmfvifah Mumif;? xGuv
f monhf
Oya'onfvnf; wu,fwrf;
xkwf,loHk;pGJonhftcg csKdU,Gif;
csu?f tm;enf;csurf sm; r&Sad pcsif
aMumif; if;u qufvufajym
onf/
]]&efukefNrdKUrSm vkyfxm;wJh
roefprG ;f vrf;awGu oGm;vm&
wm tqifajyrIr&Sdbl;/ wtm;
rwfapmufw,f/ ajyjypfrrI &Sb
d ;l /
aemuf'eD m;rSm vkyx
f m;ay;ayr,fh
wjcm;bavmuf u sawmh r&S d
awmhjyefbl;/ 'Dawmh oGm;&wm
cufcrJ &I w
dS ,f/ Ekid if aH wmf tpk;d &
ydki;f uaeNyD; tpfrwdkYudk olwdkY&JU
yHhydk;ulnDrIawGu xda&mufrI&SdzkdY
trsm;BuD;vkad o;w,f}}[k roef
pGr;f trsK;d orD;wpfO;D u ajymonf/
2008 ckEpS u
f NrdKUe,faygif;
120 ppf w rf ; aumuf , l c J h & m
jrefrmhvlOD;a&\ 2 'or 32
&mckdifEIef;onf roefpGrf;olrsm;
jzpfonfudk tajccHroefpGrf;rI
ppfwrf;rsm;t& od&onf/
]]tjyifxu
G w
f t
hJ cg tazmf
rygbJrxGu&f b
J ;l / wpfa,muf
wnf;xGufwJhtcg vHkNcHKrIu
awmf a wmf a v;ud k e nf ; w,f /
vlawG&JU tjrifuvnf; udk,fh
udyk pkH w
H pfrsK;d jzpfaer,fvYdk cHpm;rd
wJhtwGuf wpfa,mufa,muf
J ;l }}[k touf
wnf;rxGu&f b
30 t&G,rf surf jriftrsK;d orD;\
ajymMum;csuft& od&onf/
roefprG ;f olrsm;udk ywf0ef;
usifomru if;wd\
Yk tdro
f m;
rsm;uyg cGjJ cm;ESrd cf squfqrH rI sm;
vnf;BuHKawGU&aMumif; txuf
ygyk * d K vf u quf v uf a jym
onf/
cspf p k a qG ? jrwf p k N id r f ;
jrefrmEdkifiH ESpfpOf iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;olOD;a&

ig;odef;cefY&SdNyD; vlOD;a& wpfaxmifcefY aoqHk;ae
aq;H k rsm;ES i f h aus;vuf usef ;rma&;Xmersm;rS aumuf

,l&&Sdaom pm&if;rsm;t& jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ESpfpOf iSufzsm;a&m*g
jzpf y G m ;ol O D ; a& ig;od e f ; cef Y & S d o nh f t euf vl O D ; a&wpf a xmif
cefYrSm tqkdyga&m*gaMumifh aoqHk;vsuf&SdaMumif; usef;rma&;
0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; a'gufwmazoufcifu ajym
onf /
aejynf a wmf u sef ; rma&; NyD; aoqHk;rIEIef;rSm vlwpfodef;
0efBuD;Xme tpnf;ta0;cef;r vQif 13 OD;om&Sdonf/ usef;rm
f iG f
Zlvkdifv 13 &ufaeYu usif;y a&;0efBuD;XmerS 1990 ckEpS w
d nhif u
S zf sm;a&m*gjzpfymG ;aoqH;k
cJhaom 2012 ckESpfurmhiSuf &So
f iG f wpf0uf
zsm;a&m*gwk d u f z suf a &;aeY E S i f h rIEeI ;f udk 2015 ckEpS w
trsK;d om;iSuzf sm;a&m*g wdu
k zf suf avQmch s&eftwGuf trsK;d om;iSuf
a&;aeY &ufowywf txdrf; zsm;a&m*gwdkufzsufa&; tpDtrH
trSwzf iG yfh t
JG crf;tem; if;u rsm;jzihf aqmif&GufcJh&m 2011
ckEpS w
f iG f vlO;D a&wpfaxmif 10
xkdodkY ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
Y m a&m*gjzpfymG ;cJNh y;D aoqH;k
urmh usef ;rma&;tzGJUcsKyf OD;cefo
(WHO) rSxkwfjyefaom 2010
rIEIef;rSmvnf; vlOD;a&wpfodef;
ckESpf pm&if;rsm;t& urmay:&Sd vQif wpfO;D omaoqH;k onftxd
vlOD;a& 216 oef;cefYwGif iSuf a&m*gjzpfyGm;aoqHk;rI avsmhus
zsm;a&m*grsm;jzpfymG ;aeMuNyD; vl vmcJhonf/
aygif; 6 ode;f cefrY mS ESppf OfaoqH;k
odkY&mwGif urmhusef;rma&;
vsuf&SdaeaMumif;? ta&SUawmif tzGJUcsKyf\ Global Malaria Actm&SEdkifiHrsm;wGifrl vlOD;a& 2 tion Plan t& 2000 ckESpfudk
'or 4 oef;rSm iSufzsm;a&m*g tajccH 2015 ckEpS w
f iG f a&m*g
jzpfyGm;vsuf&Sdonhfteuf vlOD; jzpfyGm;rIudk 75 &mckdifEIef;txd
a& 2426 OD;rSm tqkdyga&m*g avQmhcs&efESifh umuG,fEdkifaom
aMumihfaoqHk;cJh&onfudk awGU aoqH;k rIukd twwfEidk q
f ;kH r&Sad p
&Sd&aMumif; 0efBuD;uajymonf/ a&;twGuf qufvufaqmif
tvm;wljrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf; &Guo
f mG ;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? jrefrm
aq;Hk? aq;cef;rsm;ESifh aus; EkdifiH iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;ao
vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;rS &&Sd qH;k rIEeI ;f rsm; usqif;vm&jcif;rSm
onhfpm&if;rsm;t& ESpfpOfiSuf usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme tjyif
zsm;a&m*gjzpfymG ;olig;ode;f cef&Y NdS y;D tjynfjynfqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;
if;wdkYteuf vlOD;a& 1000 rsm;? a'ocH vlraI &;tzGUJ tpnf;
cefYrSm aoqHk;vsuf&SdaMumif; rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk\ yl;aygif;
0efBuD;u qufajymonf/
yg0ifaqmif&GufrIaMumifh jzpf
qufvuf jrefrmEdkifiH\ aMumif; if;\ ajymMum;csut
f &
iSufzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;rIEIef;onf od&onf/
1990 ckEpS w
f iG f vlO;D a&wpfaxmif
PN-020
a&m*gjzpfymG ;ol 24 OD;cefo
Y m&Sd
15
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
ajz/ / wu,fydkifwmu ,Of
28ESpfvHk; vlawG&JUa0zefrIeJY
zefwD;rItusdK;quf&v'fudk bmrS rodcJY&ygbl;/

,cif &efukefpufrIwuodkvf AdokumXme? tmZmenfAdrmef wnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef; Adokumtxl;tzGJY
acgif;aqmif OD;qef;OD; (jrefrmEdik fiH Adouk mynm&Sifrsm;toif; 'kOu|? &efuek fenf;ynmwuovdk f Adouk mXme {nfU'yk garmu)
ESifU awGYqkHjcif;
ar;/ / q&mwdkY vuf&Sd tm

ZmenfAdrmefwnfaqmufcJYwmeJY
ywfoufNy;D 'DprD u
H ed ;f udk b,fvkd
pwifcJYw,f/ q&mwdkY b,fvdk
vkyfcGifY&cJYw,fqdkwm odcsifyg
w,f/
ajz/ / 'gu 1982uwnf;u
pDpOfaewJY Edik if aH wmftmPmykid pf rD H
ude;f t& tmZmenfArd mef? awmf
vSefa&;yef;NcH? vTwfawmf? tdrf
awmf? jynfolY&ifjyif tJ'gawG
topfjyefvkyfr,fY pDrHudef;aygY/
tJ'rD mS wpfEikd if v
H ;kH u yef;csDAo
d k
um tpnf;tkH;awG? ynm&Sif
awG zdwfac:NyD; jydKifyJGvkyfa&G;
cJYwm/ pufrIwuodkvf Adokum
Xmeu 'DZdkif;udk a&G;vdkufwmyg/
rvkyfcif AHk;aygufcJYwm/ AHk;u
acgifr;kd rSmxm;cJw
Y t
YJ wGuf acgifr;kd
rygwJY'DZdkif; vkyfcsifw,fqdkNyD;
yHkawGay;cJYygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
u acgifrdk;rygwJY wifYw,fwJh
'DZdkif;vkyfcGifYjyKygqdkNyD; Adokum
XmetzGJUuae tqdkjyKyHkpHay;cJY
w,f/ trdk;ryg&if aemufcHyg
rSaumif;r,f/ tav;jyKwJYcHkudk
vnf; jri aYf y;rSaumif;r,f/ tJvkd
rsdK;awGwifjyNyD; twnfjyKvkduf
awmY ESpfvtwGif; jyifqifNyD;
udk;vMum taumiftxnfazmf
wnfaqmufcJYwmyg/
wdwu
d susajym&&ifawmY &efuek f
pufrIwuodkvf AdokumXme?
tmZmenfAdrmef wnfaqmuf
a&;pDrHudef; Adokumtxl;tzGJU
zGUJ Ny;D q&m q&mrawG? atmifNy;D
om; bGJU&ausmif;om;awG ygyg
w,f / tBuH a y;taeeJ Y a wmY
NrdKUjyeJY AdokumXmeu uxdu
awG? ygarmuawGeJY ygarmu
csKyf q&m OD;cifatmifMunfwdkY
ygygw,f/ uReaf wmfu tJ't
D csed f
ausmif;rSm q&mjyefvyk af eawmY
tzGJUacgif;aqmiftaeeJY yg0ifcJY
&ygw,f/
ar;/ / tJ'Dwkef;u zefwD;cJY&wJY
cHpm;rIeJY ESpfxm;cJY&wJY pdwfudk
odcsifygw,fq&m/
ajz/ / 'Dvdkxl;jcm;wJY pDrHudef;
rsdK;vkyfcJY&wm 0rf;omwmaygY/
aemufwpfydkif;u EdkifiHtwGuf
ta&;MuD;awmYY okawoeawG
vky&f w,f/ b,fvjkd zpfoifw
Y ,f
qdkwm aqG;aEG;&w,f/ t&if
yHpk x
H w
k w
f t
YJ cg cH,x
l m;wJrY al wG
t&ifcs? pdwu
f ;l wnf&Y m vkycf sif
ovd k v k y f w mrsd K ; r[k w f b l ; /
tawG;tac:eJt
Y &omay:atmif
t&ifwnfNyD; tJ'Dtwkdif;jzpf
atmif? atmifjrifatmif 'DZdkif;
xkwfvkyfcJYMuwmyg/
ar;/ / vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyf zefw;D
cGifY&cJYw,fvdkY qdkvdkygovm;
q&m/
ajz/ / tjynfYygyJvdkY tMurf;
zsif;ajymvdkY&ygw,f/ olwdkYbuf
u awmif;qdkwm&Sif;ygw,f/
t&rf;ud&k iS ;f ygw,f/ vHNk cKH a&;t&
trd;k tumtuG,rf ygwJY yHpk rH sKd ;udk
tjrefvckd siw
f ,f/ tJ'aD wmY tkwf
*lawGuv
kd nf; rxdra&TUbJeYJ vkyf
cJ Y & w,f / b,f v d k o auF w eJ Y
xm;rvJ/ jrefrmwdkY&JU tav;
tjrwfxm;wJaY e&mawGvkd tESpf
om&eJYudkufatmif jyefxkwfcJY
&w,f/ wu,fomG ;Munfw
Y t
YJ cg
aygYaygYwefwefr[kwfbJ *g&0
w&m;eJY tav;tjrwfjyKNyD; cHh
cHn
h m;nm;&Srd ,fY ywf0ef;usifrsdK;
zefw;D ay;wmrsKd ;rdYk vufcNH y;D wnf
aqmuf j zpf c J Y w myg/ t&if u
wnf;u BudKvkyaf ewJY pDru
H ed ;f qdk
ayr,fY AH;k aygufcw
YJ mu taumif
txnfazmfzdkY ydkjrefoGm;wmaygY/
vkyfaewJYwpfESpfrSmawmY pwd
oabmrsKd ;yJ tav;jyKEdik cf w
YJ ,f/
ar; / / tck v uf & S d t csd e f r S m
avmq,frmS 0dnmOfr&Sb
d ;l / rlv
pdwu
f ;l rSmawmY ab;u &if;wm;
vuf&ef;awGrSm olwdkY&JU rdfefYcGef;
awG? b0jzpfpOfawG? ky<f uawGeYJ
xGif;xkcsifw,f/ olwdkY&JUvkyf
aqmifcsufawGyJjzpfjzpf Adrmef
aemufuGufvyfrSm jywdkuft
ao;av;aygY/ twKywdawG?
rSmMum;csufawGeJY vkyfcsifw,f/
'gayrJh tajctaet&yf&yfaMumifY
rvkyjf zpfcyYJ gbl;/
ar;/ / 'DprD u
H ed ;f vkyw
f ek ;f u q&m
u toufokH;q,f0ef;usifqdk
awmh 'Dtouft&G,feJY ta&;
MuD;wJY pDrHudef;udk wm0ef,lcJh
&wJYtcg 0efxkyf0efydk;a&m jzpfcJY
vm;cifAsm/
ajz/ / jzpfw,f/ jzpfw,fqdk
wmu 'g MunfMunfjzLjzLeJY
&cJYwmr[kwfbl;/ trSeftwdkif;
ajym&&if tJ'Dwkef;u aqmuf
vkyfa&;0efMuD;Xmeu tif*sifeD
uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUu vli,fawG
rsm;w,f/ tm;vHk; 12 a,muf
aygY/
ar;/ / tJ'DawmY tcktcsdefrSm
'gawmY rvkyfcJYoifYbl;/ 'Dae&m
av;awmY rSm;cJw
Y ,fqw
kd YJ aemif
wrsdK;a&m &Sdygovm;q&m/
ajz/ / tJvdkawmY r&Sdygbl;/
tcsdefeJYaiGaMumifY rvkyfEdkifcJY
wmawGyJ&Sdygw,f/
ar; / / 'D ' D Z d k i f ; rS m oD ; jcm;
trnfemr&Syd govm;/ 'DtwGuf
,meJY AdokumawGuyJ wpfEdkifiH

vH;k u[mawGukd vkycf w
YJ m/ tJ'D
rSm ynma&;0efMuD;XmeAdou
k m&JU
'DZdkif;udk aqmuf&r,fqdkawmY
odyfNyD;awmY b0ifrusbl;aygY/
k hJ
uReaf wmfwYkd vkyEf ikd yf gYrvm;qdw
oHo,uvnf; &Sdw,f/ uRef
awmfwu
Ykd ynm&Siaf wGarG;xkwf
wJYXmeyJ/ tJ'DawmY rjzpfEkdifwJY
tcsdefESpfvxJrSm tNyD;qGJay;
w,f/ tJ'DawmYrS oHo,awG
aysmufNyD; twlwltvkyfwGJvkyf
wJYtcg awmfawmfcifoGm;Muyg
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYBudK;pm;rIudk
todtrSwfjyKovdk olwdkYtcuf
tcJuv
kd nf; tjrefv&kd ifvo
kd vdk
vdkufavsmNyD; BuDK;pm;ay;cJYwm
tzGUJ vdjk zpfNy;D cifrifomG ;Muygw,f/
yxrwkef;uawmY olwdkYyJ 'DZdkif;
xkwfvkyfzdkY &nf&G,fwmaygY/tp
tqH;k ud/k xl;jcm;wmu ynma&;
0efMuD;Xmeu 'DZkid f;udk aqmuf
vk y f a &;0ef M uD ; Xmeu wnf
aqmufwm yxrqHk;aygY/ uRef
awmfwdkYuvnf; udk,farG;wJY
'DZikd f;udk ud,
k yf J tptqHk; vkyf
csifwmav/ 0efMuD;Xmeuvnf;
vkycf iG jYf yKcJyY gw,f/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u
EkdifiHjcm;uae twk,lcJY&wJY yHkpH

awGa&m &Sdygovm;q&m/
ajz / / tmZmenf A d r mef y gyJ /
trSeaf wmY Mu,f&,f? tvH&,f?
aemufceH &H &H ,faygY/ trd;k rjzpfEikd f
awmY nmbufrSm tvH? b,f
rSmMu,f? tav;jyKwJYae&mudk
tv,faygY/ 'gayrJh tJ't
D csderf mS
vlBuD;awGvmMunfhNyD; tvHu
nmbufa&mufaew,f/ tvH
a&TUvdu
k q
f akd wmY tv,fa&TUvdu
k f
&w,f/ tJ'aD wmY tckvw
kd pfzuf
av;oGm;wmaygY/ 'DZdkif;eJY rwl
awmYb;l jzpfomG ;w,f/ Ekid if jH cm;
u r[kwfygbl;/ udk,fydkifyg/
ausmif;om;b0uwnf;u ol
rsm;EdkifiHawGrSm b,fvdk vkyfvJ
avYvmxm;wm/ wcsKdUu rD;
awmuf e J Y v k y f w ,f / wcsKd U u
tvHwidk ?f ausmufwikd af ygY/ avY
vmxm;cJ Y a wmY tJ t csd e f u srS
aumufvkyfp&mrvdkcJYygbl;/
ar;/ / q&mwdkYu pwifcJYol
awGvnf; jzpfw,f/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u
tcuftcJaMumifY rvkyjf zpfcw
YJ m
awGudk jyefrGrf;rHNyD;vkyfzdkY q&m
OD;aqmifNy;D aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;zdaYk &m
&Sdvm;q&m/
rlv tmZmenfArd mef
q&mwdzYk efw;D cJw

Y YJ 'DArd mefMuD;udk
jyefMunfYwJYtcgrSm b,fvdktm;
enf;csuaf wG&w
dS ,fvjYkd rifygovJ/
ajz/ / uRefawmfwdkY arQmfrSef;
xm;ovdk rvkyjf zpfcw
YJ mawG&cdS yYJ g
w,f/ yxrtcsufu aiG? 'kwd
,utcsdefaMumifY rvkyfjzpfwm
awG&SdcJYw,f/ usefwmawmY xl;
xl;jcm;jcm;r&Syd gbl;/ tcsed af MumifY
qd&k if 'DaemufceH &H u
H teDa&mif
aq;okwfzdkYr[kwfbl;/ obm0
ausmufom;eJYvkyfzdkYyg/ 'gayrJY
tJ'Dumvwkef;u EdkifiHjcm;urSm
zdkYqdkwm rvG,fulygbl;/ EdkifiH
awmfu tukeftuscH vkyfr,f
qdk&ifawmif rvG,fulbl;av/
wcsdKU[mawGudk avQmYcsNyD; vkyf
cJ&Y wmyg/ Mu,fqv
kd nf; azmuf
Mu,fvyk cf sifwm/ Munfv
Y u
kd &f if
aumif;uifuakd zmufjrifae&r,f/
a<uvGio
Yf mG ;wJY cHpm;csurf sdK;aygY/
'gayrJh aq;jzLyJokwfcJY&w,f/
ar;/ / tJ'gqdk q&mwdkYvkyfcJYwJY
'DZikd ;f [m tmZmenfaeY&UJ qH;k &I;H rI?
emusirf aI wGeYJ wefz;kd udk xif[yf
jyapEdkifcJYw,fvdkYa&m ,HkMunfcJY
ovm;q&m/
ajz/ / tajccHyJ&Sdygw,f/ avm
aus;rI0efMuD;Xmeuyg/ rGr;f rHxed ;f

odrf;zdkYqdkwm olwdkYu OD;aqmif
Ny;D prS &r,fav/ 'Dvkd vdt
k yf&if
ekid if aH wmfqu
D bwf*suaf wmif;
wmrsdK;aygY/ 'g Edik if aH wmfeq
YJ ikd w
f YJ
udpM uD;/ 'grsKd ;qdw
k m Edik if aH wmfu
qHk;jzwfrSjzpfr,fYudpyg/ tjyif
vl u uk d , f Y b momvk y f & r,f Y
udpr rS [kww
f m/ jzpfvm&ifawmY
aumif;wmaygY/ tJvdkjzpfzdkYu
uRefawmfwdkYvufxJrSmrS r&SdbJ/
ar;/ / 'gayrJh q&mwdkY &Sif;
vif;yGJvkyfcJYwm? rD'D,mawGudk
ajzay;cJ h w mawG u tJ v d k j zpf
apcsifwJYoabmyJ r[kwfvm;
q&m/
ajz/ / 'gaygY/ jzpfapcsifwmaygY/
tJvjkd zpf&ifbmjzpfrvJ/ uReaf wmf
wdkYoGm;NyD;tav;jyKwJY ausmif;
om;awG?tzGUJ tpnf;awG? vli,f
yJjzpfjzpf? EkdifiHjcm;uvmwJY vl
awGyjJ zpfjzpf bmawG jzpfysucf v
YJ /J
'Dy*k Kd vfawG bmvkycf v
YJ /J Ny;D awmY
cHpm;&wmaygY/ twk,lp&m jzpf
wmaygY/ vli,fawGqdk&ifvnf;
Adv
k cf sKyfukd ud,
k w
f ikd o
f mG ;awGUwJY
tvm; ud,
k w
f idk u
f efawmY&awmY
b,fvdkvlrsdK;vJ? bmawGvkyfcJY
vJ? olYtawG;tac: b,fvdkrsdK;
vJ/ tJ'grsdK;awG odcGifYay;xm;
r,fq&kd ifawmY wpfcgvnfwmeJY
&ifxJrSm wpfckck&vmr,f/ EkdifiH
twG u f a umif ; wmawG &vm
r,f/ twk,cl sifpw
d af wGay:vm
r,f/ olwdkYcsrSwfcJYwJY arQmfrSef;cJY
wJt
Y wdik ;f vkycf sipf w
d af wGay:vm
zdkYqdkwmjzpfEdkifw,f/ uRefawmf
wdu
Yk tJ'grsKd ;awG jzpfapcsiw
f ,f
av/ uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm vli,f
awG oGm;vnfp&m odyfrSr&SdbJ/
ar;/ / tmZmenfaeYeJY 'Dae&m
[m uRefawmfwdkYjynfolawGeJY
tvSr;f uGma0;cJw
Y t
YJ csed u
f mvu
MumjrifYcJYygw,f/ tJ'DuGm[rI
udka&m b,fvdkajymif;vJcsifvJ/
ajz/ / 'DAdrmefeJY ywfoufNyD;&Sif;
vif;yGJwkef;u qEav;ajymcJY
w,f/ 'gtm;vkH;twGufta&;
MuD;ygw,f/ jynfojl ynfom;awG?
EdkifiHjcm;om;awG b,folrqdk
cGijYf yKcsurf awmif;bJ wpfEpS yf wf
vHk; 0ifvnfEdkifwJYae&mjzpfzdkYyg/
tJvdkrsdK;qdk&ifawmY taumif;
qHk;aygY/ 'g EdkifiHtwGufaumif;
wm/ vlrsdK;twGuv
f nf;aumif;
w,f/ 'gvnf; wpfaeYjzpfvmzdkY
&Sdw,fvdkY xifygw,f/tckvdk
ajymw,fqw
kd muvnf; tckcsed f
rSm EdkifiHawmfuajymif;vJvmwJY
yGiv
Yf if;vmwJb
Y ufukd a&mufvm
w,f/ ynm&SifawG&JUpum;udk
em;axmifcsiw
f ,f/ em;axmifay;
wmrsdK;rdUk yg/
ar;/ / 'g orkdif;wefzdk;MuD;yg
w,fq&m/ Edik if w
H umrSmqdk 'Dvkd
ae&mrsKd ;uae b@maiG &Smay;Edik f
wJYt xd zef w D ; xm;Muw,f /
wpfcak ygYq&m/ uReaf wmfwq
Ykd rD mS
,Ofaus;rItekynmawGudk ysuf
pD;rSmpdk;vdkY xdef;odrf;umuG,fae
wJYae&mrSm ydkNyD;wdrfjrKyfaysmuf
uG,o
f mG ;atmif vkyo
f vdjk zpfae
vm;qdkwmudk q&mb,fvdkjrif
ygovJ/
ajz/ / tJ'guawmY t"dym,fudk
jyefpOf;pm;zdkYaumif;w,f/ ,Of
aus;rIqdkwmbmvJ/ uRefawmf
wdkY&JUydkifqdkifxm;cJYwJY ,Ofaus;rI
qdw
k m bmvJqw
kd m/ pifumylwYkd
rav;&Sm;wdkYudkMunfY/ uRefawmf
wd k Y a vmuf ,Of a us;rI e J Y y wf
oufwmr&Sdygbl;/ ESpfESpfaxmif
ausmw
f ,f/ tJ',
D Ofaus;rIMuD;u
uRefawmfwdkY&JU tarGtESpfydkif
xm;wm/ tJ'gudk a&SUrSm bmvkyf
rvJqdkwJYtawG;yJ/ uRefawmf
wpf a ,muf w nf ; tjrif t &
awmY ,Ofaus;rIqdkwm &yfwefY
ae&r,fYt&m r[kwfbl;/ tpOf
tNrJ qifu
Y q
J ifu
Y J zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wuf
ae&wJYudp/ tJvdkjzpfzdkYtwGuf
ordik ;f udk jyefvnfqef;ppf&r,f/
tJ'Duae oifcef;pm,loifYwm
,l&r,f/ NyD;&if wdk;wufatmif
qufvkyf&r,f/ *Dw? Adokum?
kyf&Sif? pmaytm;vHk;'Dtwdkif;yJ/
&yfaevdrYk &bl;/ tJ'v
D w
kd u
G rf ,f
qdk&if 'DvdktmZmenfAdrmefvdk
taqmufttHkBuD;u tck,Of
aus;rI qifu
Y q
J ifu
Y w
J ;kd wufrrI mS
rSww
f ikd w
f pfct
k aeeJY olaY cwfeo
YJ Yl
tcsdefrSmpdkufxlcJYwm/ tJ'gudk
MunfNh y;D aemufval wGu 'Dxuf
aumif;wJrY w
S w
f ikd u
f x
kd El ikd &f r,f/
'g txdrf;trSwftjzpf xm;cJh
wmaygY/ aemufval wGvyk Ef ikd w
f m
'grsdK;qdkwm oGm;MunfhrS? awGUrS?
uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHrSm aemufxyf
txdrf;trSwfae&mawG trsm;
BuD; &Sdygw,f/ &SdwJYtwGuf 'Dvdk
AdrmefawG ay:zdkYaumif;w,f/
ay:zdkYvnf; awG;Mu&rSmyg/
ar;/ / tck enf;enf;av; vGwf
vyfvmwJu
h mvrSm 'geJyY wfouf
NyD; ajymcGifY&vmw,f/azmfxkwf
cGi&Yf vmw,f/ tJ'aD wmY pwifcYJ
wJY tcsdefuae tck 28 ESpf
umvrSm 'geJYywfoufNyD; q&m
awG;rdaewm&Sdw,fqdk&if tJ'g
bmjzpfrvJ/
ajz/ / uRefawmf awG;aerdwm
uawmY ck e vd k b,f o l r qd k
tcsdef ra&G;oGm;NyD; vnfywf
Edik w
f ,fqkd b,favmuf aumif;
rvJaygY/ tNrJwrf;awG;rdwmaygY/
udk,fwdkifvnf; wpfacgufrS jyef
NyD;ra&mufjzpfcJYbl;/ tJvdkaeY
usawmY vlrsm;w,f/ wu,f
cHpm;r,fqdk at;at;aq;aq;
oGm;&&if ydkvGrf;qGwfwoEdkif
wmaygY/ tJ'DaeYrS tav;jyKwm
jzpfoifyY gw,f/ 'gayrJh tcsed ,
f Nl y;D
oGm;Ekid &f ifyakd umif;wmaygY/
ar;/ / aemufq;kH ygyJ q&m/ tck
q&mwdYk zefw;D cJw
Y YJ taetxm;
twdkif; oGm;avYvmcJY&if tJ'D
cHpm;rIt&omudk &Edkifr,fvdkY
q&m ,HkMunfxm;ygovm;/
ajz/ / tJ'gudk odcsifwmaygY/
tJ'aD wmYrS 'DArd mef bmawGvv
kd /J
b,favmufatmifjrifvJqdkwm
od&rSmaygY/ uRefawmfwdkYjynfYpHkcJY
w,fvdkY rajymygbl;/ vlxku
oGm;NyD;jynfYpHkw,fvdkY cHpm;&&if
aumif;wmaygY/ tJ'v
D dkrsdK; wpf
cgrSr&cJyY /J 28 ESpv
f ;kH rodc&YJ bl;/
28ES p f v H k ; vl a wG & J Y a 0zef r I e J Y
zefwD;rI tusdK; quf&v'fudk
bmrSrodc&YJ ygbl;/
atmif c G e f ; quf
16
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
2012 ckESpf? Zlvdkif 19 &uf

[m 65 ESpfajrmuf tmZmenf
aeYjzpfw,f/
vGefcJhwJh 1947 ckESpf? Zlvdkif
19 &ufrSm e,fcsJUvufyg;aprsm;
&JU vkyfBuHowfjzwfrIaMumifh t
rsdK;om;acgif;aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;trSL;jyKwJah cgif;aqmif
BuD;rsm; usqHk;cJh&vdkY wpfrsdK;om;
vHk; ,lusHK;r& 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
cJhMu&ygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;t
wGuf toufpGefYoGm;cJhMu&wJh
tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;&JU
aus;Zl;w&m;awGudkvnf; rarh
Muygbl;/ ESpfpOftmZmenfaeY us
a&mufwdkif; EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;u
wdkif;&if;om;jynfolawG[m 0rf;
enf;aMuuGJpGmjzifh tmZmenfaeY
tcrf;tem;rsm; usif;yNyD; tav;
orIjyKMuNrJjzpfygw,f/
t&if w k e f ; uawmh tmZm
enfaeYrSm vlpkvla0;eJYjzpfjzpf?
wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;jzpfjzpf tm
ZmenfAdrmefudkoGm;a&muftav;
jyKMuovdk &yfa0;&yfeD;u jynf
oljynfom;wdik ;f vnf;ESpv
f ;kH ayguf
oGm;a&mufEdkifMuum tmZmenf
acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;udk tav;jyK
vdkY&Muygw,f/
'DvdkygyJ jrefrmEkdifiHudk cspf
Munfa&;vma&mufMuwJh EdkifiH
&yfjcm;u {nfhonfawmfBuD;awG?
vnfywfMuwJh EkdifiHhacgif;aqmif
awGvnf; tmZmenfAdrmefoGm;
a&mufNyD; vGrf;olUyef;acGawG cs?
tav;jyKavh & S d M uwmud k v nf ;
owif;rSwfwrf;awGt& rSwfrSwf
om;om;&SdcJhygw,f/
'gayrJt
h 'J v
D Ekd ikd if jH cm;{nfo
h nf
awmfBu;D awG tmZmenfArd mef oGm;
a&mufNy;D trsKd ;om;acgif;aqmifBuD;
Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; trS L ;jyKwJ h
tmZmenfBuD;awGudk tav;jyK
tmZmenfAdrmef AHk;azmufcGJcHcJh &pOfu

wuov
kd u
f u
kd Bkd u;D
tmZmenfArd mefukd AH;k azmufco

JG l w&m;cHEpS Of ;D tm; (jrm;jyxm;onf) H;k wifppfaq;aepOf
Mu?vGr;f olUyef;acGcscMhJ uwJo

h w
H ref
a&;&m tpOftvm tcrf;tem;
awG[m 1983 ckEpS f atmufwb
kd m
9 &ufaemufydkif;rSm &yfqdkif;oGm;
cJhwmawGU&ygw,f/
'DvdkjzpfoGm;&wmuawmh rD
'D,mavmuowif;pum;eJY ajym
&&ift'J w
D ek ;f u]wdik ;f wke?f jynfwek }f
wJh owif;r[kwaf wmhbJ ]urmyg
wk e f v I y f o G m ;wJ h owif ; BuD ; }
wpfckvdkYajym&r,fh/ &efukefNrdKU
a&Tw*d akH pwDawmfajrmuf bufrck f

em;rSm&SdwJh ]tmZmenf AdrmefrSm
AHk;aygufuGJrIBuD;} jzpfyGm;cJhvdkYygyJ/
tmZmenfAdrmefrSm AHk;ayguf
uGJwmeJY bmjzpfvdkY urmwkefoGm;
wJhowif;jzpf&wmvJ/ 'Dvdk AHk;
aygufuGJwmrsdK; taocHAHk;azmuf
cGJwmrsdK;qdkwJh owif;awGu 'D
uaeY urmwpf0ef;rSm aeYpOfaeY
wdkif;vdkvdk wpfae&mr[kwf wpf
ae&mrSm jzpfae? ysufae? Mum;
ae&wJh owif;rsdK;r[kwfbl;vm;
vdkY ar;p&m&Sdygvdrfhr,f/
[kwfygw,f/ 'DuaeYvdk t
csdeftcgrsdK;rSmqdk tajzay;p&m
bmrSr&Syd gbl;/ 'gayrJh tJ'gu vGef
cJhwJh ESpfaygif; 30 eD;yg;cefYuqdk
awmh urmrSmawmif tJ'Dvdk AHk;
cGJvkyfBuHwJhowif;rsdK;u odyfr
Mum;Mu&ao;bl;av/
NyD;awmh 'D tmZmenfAdrmef
AHk;azmufcGJrIu omrefjynfwGif;
jzpf&yfowif;rS r[kwfwm/ EkdifiH
wumudk vTrf;oGm;cJhwJhowif;
jzpf w ,f / yd k N yD ; xl ; jcm;wmu
jrefrmEkid if u
H kd cspfMunfa&;c&D;vm
a&mufwJh EkdifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpf
jynfu orwacgif;aqmifwJht
zGJUudk AHk;cGJvkyfBuHwmav/ 'Dvdk
vkyfBuHMuwmrSmvnf; tMurf;
zufvkyfBuHolawG[m jynfwGif;
ur[kwfbl;/ EkdifiH&yfjcm;u ap
vTwfvdkufwJh EkdifiHjcm;om;awG
qdkawmh 'Djzpf&yfwpfckvHk;u xl;
xl;jcm;jcm; jzpfaecJhwmaygh/
'Dvdkav vGefcJhwJh 1983 ck
ESpf? atmufwdkbm 9 &ufrSm
tmZmenfAdrmefAHk;cGJcH&w,f/ tJ
'Dwkef;u jrefrmEkdifiHudk cspfMunf
a&;c&D;vma&mufwJh awmifudk&D;
,m;orw csef'l;0rfacgif;aqmif
wJh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU owfrSwf
c&D;pOft& tmZmenfAdrmefudk
vma&mufNyD; yef;acGcs tav;jyK
csed rf mS AH;k cGzJ BYkdupH nfcsed &f ,
G cf MhJ uwmyg/
'Dawmh awmifudk&D;,m;orw
csef'l;0rf&JU c&D;pOfrSm tckvdk AHk;cGJ
wdu
k cf u
kd cf &H wmqdak wmh owif;u
tBuD;BuD;jzpfoGm;wmyJaygh/ urm
ysHHUoGm;wJhtxd jzpfcJhygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm tJ'Dwkef;u tm
ZmenfAdrmeftaetxm;eJY
awmif u d k & D ; ,m;or w &J U cspf
Munfa&;c&D;pOftaMumif; ajymygh
r,f/ AHk;azmufcGJcH&wJh tmZmenf

Adrmef[m opfom;eJw
Y nfaqmuf
xm;wJh tkwf<uyfrdk;? ajrpdkuft
aqmufttHkjzpfNyD; orHwvif;
tk w f c H k t jynf h c if ; xm;ygw,f /
AdrmefrmS opfom;wdik v
f ;kH BuD;awG?
xkyfavsmuf? 'dkif;? jrm;awGu
xkxnfBuD;rm;w,f/ pdwftxif
opfom;wdkifBuD;awG[m 8vufr
ywfvnf 'grSr[kwf tenf;qHk;
6 vufrywfvnfwdkifBuD;awGyg/
xkyaf vsmuf'ikd ;f jrm;awGuvnf; 8
vufr 3vufrvdk? 6vufr4
vufrvdw
k ef;tBu;D awGjzpfygw,f/
tJ'D AdrmeftaqmufttHk
xJrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJY tm
ZmenfBuD;awG&UJ tkw*f al wG xm;
&Sdygw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JU
tkwf*lu tv,frSmyg/ tjcm;
tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;awG&JU
tkwf*lawGu AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tkwf*l&JU 0JbufeJY ,mbufawG
rSm pDNyD;&SdaeMuw,f/
tmZmenfBuD;awGudk vGrf;
olYyef;acGcs tav;jyKMur,fhol
awGu AdrmefxJudk0if taqmuf
ttHktv,frSm&SdwJh trsdK;om;
acgif;aqmifBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmif
qef;&JU *la&SUrSm yef;acGcstav;
jyKMuwJhtpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif
&GuMf uygw,f/ tmZmenfArd mefukd
vGr;f olUyef;acGcszdv
Yk ma&mufMuwJh
Edik if jH cm;{nft
h zGUJ awG[m um;wef;
wpfwef;eJo
Y mvmavh&MdS uygw,f/
pmrsufEmS - 18 odYk
jyefvnfEdk;xv
,cifu wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwaf wmfusif;y&

vGwv
f yfa&;aMunmcsdef Edik if aH wmftv
Adv
k cf sKyf k;H xdik cf ahJ omtcef;
tpnf;ta0;cef;ESihf k;H cef;rsm;odYk tvG,w

f
wpfc(k vkyBf uHorl sm; xdak vSum;rS wufco
hJ
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
17
"mwfykH -atmifEikd pf ;kd (upy)? atmifceG ;f quf
vmaom0dnmOfrsm; (odkhr[kwf) 0efBuD;rsm;Hk;rS tmZmenfwdkh\ ordkif;0ifae&mtcsKdY
&m taqmufttkEH iS t
hf vHwidk f (tqdyk g tvHwikd rf mS jrefrmEdik if H
v yxrqk;H vTiw
hf ifco
hJ nfh tvHwikd [
f k od&onf/)
wulomG ;vmEdik af om oD;oefaY vSum;i,f

onf[k od&onf/)
a&S;vuf&mtwdik ;f yuwd wnf&adS eao;onfh k;H wGi;f taqmufttkjH rifuiG ;f ESihf opfom;avSum;BuD; (yxrxyfwiG &f adS om
Adv
k cf sKyf;Hk xdik o
f nft
h cef;odaYk &muf&ef xdak vSum;rS oGm;&onf/)
acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; vkyBf uHc&H NyD; 27 ESpcf eft

Y Mum 1974 ckEpS f aemufyikd ;f rSp tpnf;ta0;cef;rtm; bk&m;cef;tjzpf
ajymif;vJco
hJ nf (ESppf Of tmZmenfaeYa&mufwikd ;f tqdyk gtcef; oufqikd &f m0efBuD;Xme0efxrf;rsm;u oHCmawmfrsm;tm;
qGr;f qufuyfuo
k v
kd jf yKMuonf[k od&onf/)
udv
k ekd aD cwfvuf&m aMumifvrd af vSum;BuD; (vuf&ef;wdik x
f yd rf sm;wGif NAw
d ed b
f &k ifrBuD;\ rsuEf mS udk av;zufav;wef
azmif;<uykaH zmfxm;onf/)
Adv
k cf sKyf k;H cef;odt
Yk 0ife&H w
H iG af wGUjrif&onfah usmufyef;csu
D m;
(Adv
k cf sKyf vkyBf uHc&H Ny;D aemufyikd ;f tif*sief ,
D mtoif;rS jyKvkyf
ay;cJNh yD;atmufajcwGif UNM yef;csDtzGUJ [ka&;xd;k xm;onf/)
bk&m;cef;twGi;f Adv
k cf sKyftm; odYk trSww
f &
a&S;vuf&m opfom;uEkwrf sm;jzifh ykaH zmfxm;onfh tpnf;ta0;cef;rwHcg;rsm; (tmZmenf

acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; vkyBf uHccH &hJ aomtcef; jzpfonf/)
18
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
jywkdufvkyfrnfh 0efBuD;rsm;kH;twGuf
orkdif;qkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm; vSL'gef;&ef zdwfac:
17
ESpfaygif; 120 ausmf oufwrf;&Sd 0efBuD;rsm;kH;ukd jywkduf
tjzpfaqmif&GufcGifh&xm;onfh taemfrmtEkynmtzGJUrS orkdif;
qkdif&mtaxmuftxm; vma&mufvSL'gef;vkdolrsm;ukd zdwfac:
&ef pD p Of a eaMumif ; od & onf/
&efuek ?f Zlvidk f
]]wcsKUd qkd pmtkyaf wG? "mwf

f rf;awG
ykaH wG&w
dS ,f/ orkid ;f rSww
vma&mufay;ykdYvkdwJh olawGukd
zdwfac:oGm;rSmyg}}[k taemfrm
tEkynmtzGUJ rS 'gku
d w
f m a':vJh
&nfpkd;u ajymonf/
0efBuD;rsm;k;H taqmufttkH
ukd ,Ofaus;rIpifwm wpfct
k jzpf
vkyfaqmifrnfh taemfrm tEk
ynmtzGJUrS vkyfief;taumift
xnfazmfrIrsm;ukd pwifaqmif
&GufaeNyDjzpfaMumif;vnf; od&
onf/
0efBuD;rsm;kH;onf t*Fvdyf
acwfwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;r@Kdif\
tjrifq
h ;Hk tqifjh zpfNyD; twGi;f 0ef
csKyfEiS hf twGi;f 0efBu;D rsm; Bu;D pk;d &m
Xmejzpfcu
hJ mrlvu twGi;f 0ifrsm;
kH;[kac:&mrS 1972 rwfvrSp
0efBuD;rsm;kH;[k ajymif;vJac:qkd
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 0efBuD;rsm;kH;ukd
1890 jynfEh pS w
f iG f wnfaqmuf
cJjh cif;jzpfNyD; 1905 ckEpS f NyD;pD;cJh
aMumif; od&onf/
jrefrmhorkdif;wGif ta&;yg
aom ae&mwpfckjzpfcJhonfh 0ef
BuD;rsm;k;H ukd ,refEpS f atmufwdk
bmvu [kdw,ftjzpf aqmif
&Gurf nf[k owif;rsm; xGuaf y:
cJ h a omf v nf ; ,ck E S p f w G i f r l
jywkduftjzpf aqmif&Gufrnf[k
oufqkdif&mrS xkwfjyefcJhonf/
,cktcg jywkduftjzpfaqmif
&Gu&f ef taemfrmtEkynmtzGUJ rS
vkyfaqmifcGifh &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfNyD;
orkdif;qkdif&mrsm;omru yef;csD?
yef;ykjywkdufrsm;? jrefrmhkd;&m
vufrI ypnf;jyKvkyfykHrsm;ukdyg
jyooGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
arZif0if;
rsufESmzkH;rS tquf...
avmbudk odef; 500 ESifh rQm;aom tkyfpkzGJU aiGvdrform;rsm; e,fNrdKUtcsKdYwGif usufpm;ae

qufoG,fa&;taejzifhrl
xdkuJhodkY zkef;0,folrsm;tm;
uHprf;rJazmufay;jcif; vH;k 0r&Syd g
[k a&T*w
kH ikd &f dS jrefrmhqufo,
G f
a&;Hk;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u
ajymonf/
odkYaomf Zlvdkif 'kwd,
tywftwGi;f wGif 097318...
jzifh ponfh zkef;eHygwfwpfckrS
rkH&GmNrdKUe,f rif;tdk&Gm&Sd wefzdk;
enf;zkef; 0942.. 0,f,lxm;
olwpfOD; tm;qufoG,fvm
um qufo,
G af &;0efBuD;XmerS
zke;f 0,forl sm;udk uHprf;rJazmuf
&mwGif ,ck zke;f 0,forl S ayguf
onf[k trsdK;om;wpfOD;u
qufo,
G v
f mcJah Mumif; tvdrf
cH&onfhyk*dKvfu ajymonf/
xdzk ek ;f qufvmolrmS ode;f
500 uHprf;rJayguf bPfrS
vTaJ y;rnfjzpfNyD; uHprf;rJayguf
olrSm tcGefaqmif&rnfjzpf
aiG 7 odef;oGif;&efvdkaMumif;?
xdkaiG 7 odef;udk rnfonfh
bPf r S rnf o l U qD vT J & rnf

udkawmh xyfrHqufoG,frnf[k
ajymonf[k od&onf/
zkef;qufcH&ol rkH&Gma'ocH
rS xdak iGukd vJaT jymif;ay;&ef vuf
xJwGif avmavmq,f aiGr&Sd
aMumif;?aiG&vQif rnfolxHzkef;
quf&rnfukd ar;jref;&m xdyk *k Kd vf
rS ajymqdjk cif;rjyKbJaiGb,fawmh
rS &Edkifrnfudkom woGifoGif
ar;jref;NyD; if;uom zkef;jyef
qufrnf[k ajymonf[k qdk
onf/
]]aiGr&SdvdkY rvTJay;Edkifao;
bl;vdYk zke;f qufNyD; toHzrf;xm;
vdu
k w
f ,f/ olqufo,
G w
f hJ zke;f
uvG&J if b,fvq
kd ufo,
G &f rvJ
vH;k 0rajymbl;}}[k vkyif ef;&SiBf uD;
u ajymonf/
xdkuJhodkY zkef;qufoG,f
vdrfvnfrIrsm;udk BuHKawGU&ol
rHk&Gma'ocH wpfOD;uvnf; ZGef
vukefykdif;avmufwGif xkduJhokdY
uHprf;rJaygufonf[k qkdum
zkef;qufolwpfOD; &SdcJhaMumif;?
vdrv
f nfaeonfukd &dyrf
d xdo
k l
ukd aygufwJhuHprf;rJ cifAsm;wdkYyJ
,lvu
kd yf g[k ajymum zke;f csypfchJ
aMumif; ajymonf/
wefz;kd enf; zke;f uHprf;rJayguf
onf q d k u m vd r f v nf r I o nf
rH&k mG wGio
f mru anmifav;yifNrKd U
e,f&Sdaus;&Gm wcsdKUwGifvnf;
&SdcJhaMumif; od&onf/
anmifav;yifNrKd Ue,f&dS aus;
&Gmwpf&mG wnf;aeol oH;k OD;ukd xdk
vdrv
f nforl t
S xufygtaMumif;
t&mrsm; twdkif;yif ajymqdkum
vdrfvnf aiGawmif;cHcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/ xdo
k Ykd awmif;cH&mwGif
wpfOD;rS anmifav;yifNrdKUay:&Sd
CB bPfrSwpfqifh vdrfvnfol
awmif; onfhaiGudk vTJay;cJhum
uHprf; rJaygufonfh aiG odef;
500 udk wpfywftwGif; vTJay;
rnfqdk apmifhqdkif;aecJhonf/
odkYaomf xdkaiGrSm owf
rS w f u mv ausmf o nf t xd
a&mufrvmcJh bPf0efxrf;
wpfOD;u &dyfrdum aemufxyf
aiGvTJ&efvmonfh vdrfvnfcH
&olrsm;udk yxrapmifhqdkif;
olyif aiGr&ao;aMumif; ajym
cJhonf[k od&onf/
]]bPfuajymvdkY aemuf
vl a wG tvd r f r cH & wm}}[k
anmif a v;yif N rd K UcH w pf O D ; u
ajymonf/
xd k o d k Y vd r f v nf o l r sm;
onf xD a yguf o nf q d k u m
vdrv
f nfouJo
h yYkd if e,fa'o
rsm;udk t"duxm; vdrfvnf
aeMuaMumif; rH&k mG NrKd UcH vkyif ef;
&SifBuD;u ajymonf/
]]awGUwJh *Pef;udk ESyd Nf yD;
qufwmeJw
Y w
l ,f?NrKd Uay:uxuf
e,fu? &Gmu vlawGukd t"du
xm;vdrv
f nfwm}}[kajymonf/
tpd;k &rS wefz;kd enf;pGmjzifh
wpfEdkifiHvHk;twGuf zkef;ta&
twGuf ckepfoed ;f ausmf a&mif;
csay;xm;onf/
cGJwdkufcdkufcH&wJhtwGuf awmif
udk&D;,m;orw csef'l;0rf[m
cspfMunfa&;c&D;pOfudk zsufodrf;
vku
d Nf yD; olEY idk if u
H ckd sucf si;f vSnfh
f nf;rSm
jyefomG ;cJw
h ,f/ wpfcsdew
yJ a&SUqufoGm;zdkY pDpOfxm;wJh
tdE,
d ? oD&v
d uFm? MopaMw;vs?
e,l;ZDvefeJY blEdkif;EdkifiH c&D;
pOfawGuykd g zsuo
f rd ;f vku
d Nf y;D jyef
oGm;cJhwm jzpfygw,f/
pma&;olu tJ'Dtcsdew
f kef;
u tmZmenfAdrmefrSm &Sdaeyg
w,f/ AdrmeftwGi;f xJrmS r[kwf
bJ Adrmeftjyifbuf pBuay:rSm
yg/ awmifu&kd ;D ,m;orw&JU cspf
Munfa&;tzGUJ u {nho
f nfpme,f
Zif;tzGJU0ifawGtwGuf vkdtyf
wmawG ulnDaqmif&Gufay;zdkY
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xmeu quf
oG,af &;t&m&St
d jzpf wm0efay;vkY d
{nhfonfpme,fZif;tzGJUeJYtwl
tmZmenfArd mefukd BudKwifa&muf
&Sad ewm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u
pma&;ol[m rlvjrefrmhtvif;
owif;pmrSm nt,f'w
D mwm0ef
,lxm;&olyg/ pma&;olu {nhf
onfpme,fZif;tzGUJ vkt
d yfwmudk
ulnDNyD; xkdpOfu owif;wm0ef
,l&wJh jrefrmhowif;pOf(jynfwiG ;f )
t,f'Dwm OD;aZmfjrifheJYtwl tm
ZmenfAdrmef taqmufttHkeJY
vloGm;vrf; pBuomjcm;aewJh
Akv
d pf ed rf eS t
f w
k *f el m;rSm &Sad eMuyg
w,f/ Akdvfped frSeftkwf*lu tm
ZmenfArd mefxrJ mS r&Syd gbl;/ tjyif
bufrSm oD;jcm;&Sdaewmyg/
kwfw&ufqdkovkd em;yGifh
rwwf us,favmifwhJ aygufuJG
oHBuD; Mum;vku
d v
f Ydk pma&;olwYkd
ESpfa,mufvnf; vefYzsyfoGm;NyD;
ajrjyifay: 0yfcsvku
d Mf uygw,f/
tmZmenfArd meftaqmufttH&k UJ
jyifyrSm &SdaeMuwmrdkY bmrSxd
cdkufrIr&SdbJ tE&m,fuvGwf
ajrmufcJhMuw,fvkdY qkd&rSmyg/
{nhfonfawmifudk&D;,m;
orw csef'l;0rf&JUcspfMunfa&;
tzGUJ u tzGUJ 0if 17 a,muftyg
t0if vlaygif; 21 a,muf
aoqHk;cJhMu&wJh tMurf;zuf AHk;
azmufcw
JG hJ vky&f yfeyYJ wfoufNyD;
oufqidk &f mvHNk cKH a&;wyfzUJG 0ifawG
u csucf si;f qko
d vdk vku
d v
f pH pkH rf;
axmufvSrf;cJhMuwmrSm azmuf
cGaJ &;orm;awGjzpfMuwJh Ekid if jH cm;
om;oH;k a,mufukd &ufyikd ;f twGi;f
zrf;rdcJhw,f/ uifrifcsL;vf? &Sif
uDcsL;vfeJY ZifrdkwdkYjzpfygw,f/
atmufwdkbm 10 &ufaeY
rSm Zifru
kd kd ykZeG af wmifacsmif;xJrmS
rdw,f/ zrf;aepOf olYudk,fol
owfaozdYk BudK;pm;cJw
h mrSm AH;k uGJ
Nyf D ; vuf w pf z uf q H k ; oG m ;um
rsuv
f ;kH wpfzuf ysuo
f mG ;cJw
h ,f/
atmufwb
kd m 11 &ufaeYrmS awmh
uifrifcsL;vfeYJ &Siu
f cD sL;vfwu
Ykd kd
oefvsib
f ufurf;rSm rdw,f/ &Sif
uDcsL;vfukd taozrf;rdNy;D uifrif
csL;vfu vufypfA;kH eJcY ck v
H Ykd vHNk cHK
a&;tzGJU0ifoHk;a,muf aoqHk;&
um olYvufwpfzufvnf; jywf
oGm;cJhw,f/
aemufydkif; olwdkY&JUtppfcH
xGufqdkcsufawGt& olwkdY[m
ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Ekid if o
H m;awGjzpfNy;D
Zifru
kd Akv
d rf LS ;? azmufcaJG &;acgif;
aqmifwm0ef ,lcJholjzpfw,f/
useEf pS af ,mufu Adv
k Bf uD;tqifh
&SdMuolawGvkdY owif;awGrSm
azmfjyyg&SdcJhw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiHudk cspfMunfa&;
c&D; xGufvmwJhjrefrmh{nhfonf
awmifudk&D;,m;orw csef'l;0rf
c&D;pOfrSm AHk;azmufcGJcJhMuolawG
[m ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Ekid if o
H m;awG
qkad wmh jrefrmEkid if &H UJ tcsKyftjcm
tmPmydkifpdk;rIudk jynfyEdk ifiH
wpfEidk if u
H rav;rpm;eJu
Y sL;ausmf
apmfum;vkdufwmygyJ/
'gaMumifv
h nf; olwu
Ydk kd zrf;
qD;rdvkdufNyD;aemuf 1983 ckESpf
Ekd0ifbm 4 &ufrSm jrefrmEkdifiH
tpdk;&u oabmxm;aMunm
csuf xkwjf yefcw
hJ mrSm ]]atmuf
wkdbm 9 &ufaeYu tmZmenf
AdrmefrSm AHk;azmufcGJcJhwJh vkyf&yf
[m ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;u apvTwf
vdu
k w
f t
hJ zsuform;rsm;&JU vuf
csufjzpfwmaMumifh tJ'ED idk if t
H pk;d
&tm; todtrSwjf yKxm;csufukd
jyefvnfkyfodrf;vkdufaMumif;eJY
jrefrmEkid if &H dS ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m; Ekid if H
&JU oHtzGJUudkvnf; 48 em&D
twGif; EkdifiHtwGif;rS xGufcGm
oG m;&ef taMumif ;Mum;vkduf
aMumif;}}azmfjyyg&SdcJhygw,f/
azmufcaJ G &;orm; oH;k a,muf
udk Hk;wifppfaq;wJhtcg uif
rifcsL;vfu ol&,f? Zifrdk&,f?
&SifuDcsL;vfwdkY oHk;a,muf[m
tmZmenf A d r mef u d k ntcsd e f
wdww
f qdw0f ifa&mufNy;D rsuEf mS
MuuftwGi;f xJrmS csed u
f u
kd Af ;kH oH;k
vH;k wyfqifxm;cJw
h t
hJ aMumif;eJY
tmZmenfAdrmefudk csdefudkufAHk;
rsm;eJY AH;k cGcJ MhJ uaMumif; 0efcx
H u
G f
qdkcJhw,fvdkY owif;rSwfwrf;
awGrSm azmfjycJhw,f/
'gaMumihfvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH
tpkd;&taeeJY oHcif;wrefcif;
jzwfawmufcJhwmeJYywfoufNyD;
tJ'Dwkef;u urmwpf0ef; EdkifiH
trsm;tjym;rSm xkwfa0cJhMuwJh
pme,fZif;awGu Mobmay;a&;
om;cJhMuw,f/ tJ'DtxJu
1983 Ekd0ifbm 9 &ufaeYxkwf
*sumwmydpYk f owif;pmacgif;BuD;
ydkif;u ]]jrefrmtpdk;&&JU oHwref
tquf t oG , f j zwf a wmuf
vku
d rf [
I m ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m; at;
*sifah wG oef&Y iS ;f wJY jrefrmhajray:
udk ajAmif0ifa&mufNy;D vkyaf qmif
cJw
h hJ &G&H mS zdaYk umif;wJh tMurf;zuf
vkyf&yftwGuf tawmfqDavsmf
wJh wHjYk yefcsufjzpfw,f}} vkYd a&;
om;azmfjyxm;ovdk 1983 Ed0k if
bm 9 &ufaeYrSmyJ xkwfa0wJh
tar&duefjynfaxmifpku 0g&Sif
wefypYkd o
f wif;pmuvnf;]]a'goeJY
*kPo
f u
d m awGu jrefrmwd&Yk UJ rSef
uefwJhvkyf&yfudk ododomom
OD;aqmifcJhwmygyJ}}vkdY qkdcJhMuyg
w,f/
tckawmh AHk;azmufcGJcH&vkdY
ysupf ;D NyKd ysuo
f mG ;cJw
h hJ tmZmenf
Adrmeftpm; tmZmenfAdrmefBuD;
udv
k nf;jyefvnfwnfaqmufxm;
cJhwmawmif ESpfumv tawmf
av;MumcJhygNyD/ ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif;
vnf; tmZmenfaeYrmS 0rf;enf;
zG,t
f xdr;f trSwf vGr;f olyY ef;acG
cswt
hJ crf;tem;udk usi;f yaeMuyg
w,f/
jrefrmEkdifiHudk tMurf;zuf
azmufcaJG &;orm;awG apvTwNf y;D
jrefrmh{nho
f nf awmifu&kd ;D ,m;
cspfMunfa&;tzGJU0ifawG tmZm
enfAdrmefrSm vGrf;olYyef;acGcs
tav;jyKzdkY a&mufcdkufrSm AHk;
azmufccJG w
hJ hJ vky&f yfaMumifh jrefrm
eJYajrmufudk&D;,m;ESpfEkdifiHMum;
jywfawmufoGm;cJhwJh oHwref
qufqHa&;udkvnf; rMumrD ESpf
tenf;i,ftwGi;f uyJ jyefvnf
qufo,
G v
f u
dk Nf yjD zpfvYdk a&Tvrf;
aiGvrf;awGcif;aeNyjD zpfaMumif;yg/
pm 16 rS tquf...
awmifu&kd ;D ,m; orw csef
'l;0rfacgif;aqmifwhJ cspMf unfa&;
tzGJU[m jrefrmEdkifiHudk 1983
atmufwdkbm 8 &ufrSm a&muf
vmygw,f/ atmufwdkbm 9
&uf eHeuf 10 em&DcGJtcsdef
tmZmenfAdrmefrSm orw csef
'l;0rfu,
kd w
f ikd f vGr;f olUyef;acGcszYkd
pDpOfxm;w,f/ eHeuf 10 em&DrcGJ
cifavmufrSm {nfhonftzGJU&JU
um;wef;[m OD;0dpm& vrf;r
bufuae tmZmenfArd mefbuf
udak uGUNyD; wufvmygw,f/ tJ'D
um;wef; tmZmenfA drmefu d k
a&mufawmh wm0ef&SdolawGu
BudKqdkNyD; AdrmefxJudk ac:aqmif
oGm;w,f/
tmZmenfBuD;awG&JU tkwf
*la&SU {nfo
h nfawmfawGta&muf
rSm em;uGv
J rk wwfjzpfavmufwhJ
]0ke;f } qdw
k ahJ ygufuo
JG BH uD; Mum;
vdkuf&NyD; ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk;
rD;cdk;vHk;awG? zkefvHk;awGeJY rnf;
arSmifomG ;w,f/ jyefNyD; vif;xdef
vmwJhtcg armfMunfhvdkufawmh
tmZmenfArd mefBu;D wpfcv
k ;kH acgif
rdk;r&Sdawmhygbl;/ trdk;awGyGifhNyD;
NyKd usomG ;ygNy/D tmZmenfBuD;awG
&JU tkwf*lawGeJY tmZmenfAdrmef
&JU tkwfcHkwpfckvHk;rSm tkwu
f sdK;
tkwfyJhawG? opfwdkifawG? opf
wef;awG tusdK;tyJhawG jyefYusJ
aeum jrifuGif;wpfckvHk;vnf;
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;ygw,f/
tJ ' D tysuf t pD ; awG M um;rS m
vltawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; vJov
l ?J
ydolyd? nyfolnyf? aoolao?
ausolaus? emolem jzpfuek Mf u
ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh trdk;NydKus
ysufusvdkY 'dkif;BuD;awG jrm;wef;
BuD;awG acgif;udkxdrd dkufrdNyD;
aoqHk;MuolawGrsm;ygw,f/
tmZmenfAdrmeftaqmuf
ttHk&JU tjyifbufrSm &SdaecJhMu
vdYk xdcu
kd ef musifrrI &SMd uwJh wm
0ef&Sdol wyfrawmfom;awG? &J
wyfzUJG 0ifawG? vHNk cKH a&;wm0ef&o
dS l
awG? oufqdkif&m0efxrf;awGu
xdcu
kd 'f Pf&m&olawGukd 0dik ;f 0ef;
ulnaD pmifah &Smufum &&m ,mOf
rsm;eJY eD;&maq;Hkrsm;udk wifydkY
ay;cJ h M uNyD ; aoqH k ; ol r sm;ud k
vnf;o,fydkYay;cJhMuygw,f/
tJ'D AH;k aygufurJG aI Mumifh 21
OD; aoqH;k cJMh u&w,f/ {nfo
h nf
awmifu&kd ;D ,m;cspMf unfa&;tzGUJ
u 'kwd,0efBuD;csKyfeJY pDrHudef;
0efBuD; qlqwf*Re;f tygt0if 0ef
BuD; 4 OD;eJY tzGJU0if 13 OD;?
aygif; 17 OD;aoqHk;NyD; jrefrm 4
OD; aocJw
h mrSm pma&;oleYJ nDtpf
udkvdkcifrifwJh vkyfazmfudkifzuf
"mwfyo
kH wif;axmuf OD;wifBuKd if
(aMu;rHk) ygoGm;cJhygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm t"du azmfjyvdk
wmu cspf M unf a &;ud k , f p m;
vS,ftzGJU&JUacgif;aqmif awmif
ud&k ;D ,m; orw uHaumif;oGm;
cJw
h mygyJ/ tJ'aD eYu orw cse'f ;l
0rf[m yxrum;wef;rSmyg rvm
ygbl;/ olu 'kwd,um; wef;
wpfwef;eJv
Y mcJw
h myg/ wuov
kd f
&dyo
f mvrf;rSm&Sw
d hJ Ekid if aH wmf{nfh
a*[mu xGufvmcJhwJh orw
csef'l;0rf&JUum;wef; jynfvrf;r
ay: 0*Dxdyfem;ta&muf tmZm
enfAdrmefrSm AHk;azmufcGJcH&wmrdkY
olU&JUum;wef; a&SUr qufawmhbJ
{nfah *[mqDukd jyefvn
S o
hf mG ;cJyh g
w,f/
AHk;azmufcGJMur,fholawGu
tmZmenfAdrmefteD;rSm apmifh
Munfhae&if; yxrum;wef;udk
orw csef'l;0rfum;wef;vdkYxif
NyD; csdefudkufAHk;udk ta0;xdef;
cvkwfESdyfum tmZmenfAdrmef
udk AHk;azmufcGJvkdufMuwmyg/
tckvdk olY&JUtzGJU0ifawG AHk;
wuodkvfudkudkBuD;
Ref: International Renegades
North Korean Diplomacy through
Terror
Published by Korean Overseas Information Service Seoul, Korea.
December 1983
19
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
a&oefYcufcJaeonfh ppfawG 'kuonfpcef;odkY

a&oefYpuf MuufajceDvSL
wkwfrS w&m;r0if MuufOESih f Muufayguft&Sif wifoGif;cGih f rjyK

&cd k i f j ynf e ,f ppf a wG u ,f q ,f a &;pcef ; &S d jynf o l r sm;

aomufoHk;a&tcuftcJBuHKae&aMumif; MuufajceDrSod&onf/
xdkodkY vdktyfonfh a&oefY MuufajceDtoif;rS ppfawGNrdKU&Sd
f ;kH jzifh OD;Owryef;NcHESifh oJacsmif;&GmwdkY
twGuf a&oefpY ifpuf ESpv
jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;rS wGif wpfem&Drw
D mwpfaomif;us
a&tultnDay;aeaMumif; od& a&pufEiS w
hf pfem&D rDwmig;axmif
onf/
uspufwpfv;kH pDwjYkd zifh aqmif&u
G f
]]u,fq,fa&;pcef;awG rSm ay;aeaMumif; od&onf/
tjzpfrsm;wJah &m*gu 0rf;ysu0f rf;
if;tjyif &cdik jf ynfe,fu,f
avQmyJ? 'Da&m*gtwGuf t"du q,fa&;pcef;&Sd jynfolrsm;tm;
a&oefY&Sif;zdkYvdkw,f/ wjcm;vm a&S;OD;jyKpkjcif;? usef;rma&;apmifh
vSLwJt
h vSL&Siaf wGvnf;&Syd gw,f/ a&SmufrrI sm;ay;jcif;? A[kow
k wd;k
uReaf wmfwb
Ykd ufuvnf;wwfEikd f yGm;ap&ef todynmrsm; ay;jcif;
oavmufvyk af y;wmyg}}[k jref rsm;udk a'ocHMuufajceD 30 OD;ESihf
rmEdik if MH uufajceDtoif;rS wm0ef &efukefrSMuufajceD 15 OD;? pkpk
&SdolwpfOD;uajymonf/
aygif; 45 OD;jzifh jyKpkapmifah &SmufrI
,if;odYk oefpY ifaom a&ay; rsm;jyKvkyaf y;aeaMumif; txuf
a0Ed k i f & ef t wG u f jref r mEd k i f i H ygyk*dKvfuajymonf/ cspfqak qG
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY jynfyrS at;cJtom;rsm;ESifh wkwfjynfrS w&m;r0ifaom MuufOESifh Muufayguft&Sifrsm; wif

oGi f ;cGi fh r&d S [k arG;jrLa&;vky f ief ;tzJ G UcsKyf r S od&onf/
tqdyk g wifoiG ;f cGihf r&djS cif;
rSm jynfwiG ;f tom;pm;ESihf Muuf
arG;jrL xkwv
f yk o
f rl sm;\ tusKd;
pD;yGm;udk umuG,jf cif;? wkid ;f &if;
MuufarG;jrLaom aus;vufae
vlwef;pm;rsm;\ wpfydkifwpfEkdif
0ifaiGudk rxdcdkufapjcif;ukd um
uG , f a y;jcif ; ? trsm;jynf o l
twGuf tumtuG,f ay;aom
pm;oHk;ol Oya'udk aqmif&Guf
qJ umvjzpfjcif;? jynfwGif;pm;
oH;k rIrS ydv
k QaH om trJom;? (qdwf
om;? Muufom;? MuufOrsm;udk
jynfyEkid if rH sm;udk (Export) wifyYkd
Edkif&ef BudK;pm;ae&csdefjzpfjcif;wdkY
aMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkYjyif jynfwGif; tom;

xkwfvkyfrIu@ukd xdcdkufvm
jcif;? jynfwiG ;f ae arG;jrLa&;orm;
rsm; vkyt
f m;qH;k I;H rI jzpfay:jcif;?
arG;jrLoltrsm;pk tvkyfvufrJh
jzpfay:jcif;? jrefrmEkid if \
H tom;
u@wkd;wufa&;twGuf &nf
rSef;csuf aysmufuG,fjcif;ESifh vl
wpfO;D wpfa,muf ukrP
w
D pfck
\ tusKd;pD;yGm; aumif;pm;rIom
&dNS yD; arG;jrLa&;orm;rsm;? arG;jrL
a&; tom;pm; xkwv
f yk o
f rl sm;?
aus;vufae wpfyikd w
f pfEidk f arG;
jrLolrsm;\ trsm;pk tusKd;pD;yGm;
rsm;ukd xdckdufapjcif;wkdYaMumifh
arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; tzJGUcsKyf\
(2011-2012) trIaqmiftzJGU
Zlvdkif 7 &uf pnf;a0;qHk;jzwf
csuf jzpfonf/
tom;wkd;Muuf xkwfvkyf
arG;jrLa&mif;csolrsm; toif;rS
Ou| a':vSvSoed f;u ]]ta&SU
awmiftm&S Ekid if yH jJ zpfjzpf? b,f
EkdifiHuyJjzpfjzpf wifoGif;cGifhudk
OIE &JU pHowfrSwfcsuftwkdif;
axmufcHcsufay;rS wifoGif;cGifh
ay;r,f}}[k ajymonf/
wd&pmefa&m*grsm;ESifh ywf
ouf OIE (tjynfjynf qkid &f m
wd&pmefusef;rma&; umuG,f
apmihaf &Smufrt
I zGUJ )\ pHowfrw
S f
csufrSm MuufiSufwkyfauG; um
ppfawGNrKd Uraps; jyefziG ahf omfvnf; ukepf ;D qif;rI yHrk eS rf &Sd

ppf a wG N rd K Uraps;BuD ; jyef z G i f h N yD ; wpf y wf M umaomf v nf ; uk e f p nf p D ; qif ; rI yH k r S e f r &S d a o;aMumif ; ta0;ajy;uk e f p nf y d k Y a qmif a &; *d w f r sm;rS od & onf /
&ckdifjynfe,fwGif e,fajr
rNird o
f ufrt
I ajctaersm;aMumifh
ppfawG? armifawm?bl;oD;awmif
NrdKUrsm;&Sd aps;rsm; ZGef 9 &ufrS
p ,m,Dydwfxm;jcif;jzpfNyD;
ppfawGNrdKUraps;BuD;tm; Zlvikd v
f
5 &ufaeYwGif yHkrSefjyefvnfzGifh
vSpfay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf tqkdyg
aps;tm; rGef;vGJ 2 em&Dtxdom
zGichf iG &hf ao;aMumif; NrdKUcHrsm;xHrS
od&onf/
]]tck aps;u jyefzGifhw,f
om&Sdao;wm t&ifvkd tcsdef
jynhfr[kwfao;bl;av/ tJ'D
awmh reufaps;zGifh? aeYcif;aps;
jyefodrf;eJYqdkawmh ta&mif;t
0,fvkyfvkdY&wJhtcsdefu enf;ae
w,f/ ukeo
f nfawGu ta&mif;
t0,fyg;aeawmh ukefawGodyf
rwifMubl;/ 'Dawmh ukefpnf
ydkYaqmifay;zdkY vmtyfwmawG
vnf; enf;aeao;wmayghAsm}}
[k ppfawGNrdKU&Sd ukepf nfyaYkd qmif
a&;*dwfrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u
ajymonf/
,cif e ,f a jrtajctae
aumif;rGepf OfumvwGif &efuek -f
ppfawG ukefum;*dwfrsm;onf
wpf&ufvQif wpfp;D EIe;f cefx

Y u
G &f dS
cJ h a omf v nf ; ,ck t csd e f w G i f
oH k ; av;&uf v Qif w pf p D ; cef Y o m
xGuEf ikd af o;aMumif; if;*dwrf sm;
rS od&onf/
]]t&if u uRef a wmf w d k Y
*dwu
f ae xGuw
f u
hJ ek u
f m; ta&
twGufu wpfvudk tpD; 20
avmuf&Sdw,f/ tcku t&if
tajctaeeJY ,SO&f ift&rf;enf;ae
ao;w,f/ yHkrSeftajctaeudk
ra&mufao;bl;}}[k a&Tjynfopf
&efukef-ppfawGukefpnfydkYaqmif
a&;*dwfrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u
ajymonf/
&cdkifa'o tajctaersm;
aMumihf &efukef-ppfawG ta0;
ajy;ukepf nfyaYkd qmifa&; *dwrf sm;
tm; ZG e fv 11 &uf a eY wG i f
,m,D&yfem;xm;MuNyD; wpfywf
tMum if;wkdY\ ukefpnfykdY
aqmifa&;*dwfrsm; jyefvnfzGifh
cJhMuonf/
td r f p nf p d k ; pH ? xG e f ; xG e f ; atmif
qnf okH;qnf\ a&a0a&vJ opfawmrsm; ckwf,laerI &yfqdkif;&ef wifjyxm;

{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; ajrmufydkif;&Sd qnfoHk;qnf\ a&a0a&vJopfawmrsm; ckwf,laerI

tjrefqHk; &yfqdkif;ay;&ef jrefrmtpdrf;a&mif uGe f&ufodkY wifjyxm;aMumif; od&onf/
tqdkyg a&a0a&vJ opf
awmrsm; ckwf,laerIrsm;udk &yf
qdik ;f ay;&ef wifjy&jcif;onf {&m
0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; ajrmufydkif;&Sd
eHuolqnf? unifqnf? rjr
qnfrsm; cdik cf rhH I tm;enf;aejcif;?
,if;qnfrsm;txuf&dS a&a0a&
vJopfawmrsm;ckw,
f jl cif;aMumifh
a'ocHrsm;\ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ae
xdik &f yfwnfa&;tay: pd;k &drx
f w
d f
vef Y a e&jcif ; wd k Y a Mumif h jzpf
aMumif; jrefatmifNrdKUe,f? befY
abG;ukef;aus;&Gmom; wpfOD;u
ajymonf/
t*FylNrdKUe,frS eHuolqnf
onf NyD;cJhonfh oHk;ESpftxd
jyKjyifae&qJjzpfaMumif;? ,if;
qnftxufwGif opfawmrsm;
ckwf,lcJhjcif;aMumifh qnfxJ
Ekef;ajrydkYcsrI vGefuJaeaMumif;
ukrP
w
D pfcrk S tif*sief ,
D mwpfO;D
u ajymzl;aMumif; jrefrm tpdrf;
a&mif u G e f & uf o d k Y wif j yxm;
onf?
jrefatmifNrdKUe,frS unif
qnfonfvnf; pdwfcs&rIr&Sdo
jzifh zGihyf GJ&ufudk tBudrfrsm;pGm
a&TUqdkif;cJh&aMumif;? 2011 ckESpf
ZlvdkifvwGif qnfatmufydkif;&Sd
&GmcHrsm;onf uRJ? EGm;? txkyf
tydk;rsm;jzifh a&vGwf&modkY ajy;
&onf t xd jzpf c J h & aMumif ; ?
xdv
k xJrmS yif a&rEdik af wmhojzifh
,cifuwnf;u a&G;cs,x
f m;aom
ae&mwGif tus,fay 100 cefY
csdK;csvdkuf&onfh twGuf t*F
ylNrdKUe,frS &GmtcsdKUwGif pyg;
cif ; rsm; ysuf p D ; qH k ; I H ; oG m ;cJ h &
aMumif;? ,if;tajctaersm;
aMumifh qnfudk zGifhvSpfNyD;aomf
vnf; rdk;umvrsm;wGif qnf
atmuf&dS aus;&Gmvlxrk sm;u pd;k
&drfxdwfvefYae&aMumif;? xdkY
tjyif unifqnfwnf&munif
acsmif; txufydkif;wGif a&a0
a&vJ opf awmrsm;ud k ckw f, l
vsuf&SdaomaMumifh a'ocHrsm;
twGuf a&&Snw
f iG pf m;0wfaea&;
usyw
f nf;rIEiS hf a&BuD;D a&vQrH rI sm;
jzpfay:EdkifaMumif; od&onf/
]]uRefawmfwdkYu ikwfwkwf
xdik Nf yD; pd;k &drf o
kH ufoufyJ wwf
Edik yf gw,f/ 'gaMumifph pfaq;rIawG
vkyEf ikd af tmif jrefrmtpdr;f a&mif
uGe&f uftzGUJ udk wifjyxm;wmyg}}
[k jrefatmifNrKd Ue,f?befaY bG;uke;f
aus;&Gmom;wpfO;D u ajymonf/
xdkjrefatmifNrdKUe,frS rjr
qnfonfvnf; wrH\ wpfzuf
pGe;f awmifuek ;f udk NzKd cs? oyfusi;f
wl;jcif;rjyKbJ xuf0ufjcrf;zJch sNy;D
iH
k zdcYk rhJ aI Mumifh a&avSmifcsdew
f iG f
jrif; ausmuke;f uJo
h Ykd edrq
fh if;cJ&h
aMumif;? xdt
Yk jyif vdik pf ifjzifh zuf
pyfopfxkwfjcif;onf qifrsm;
um;rsm;? ,E&m;rsm;jzifhxkwf
jcif;jzpf wpfESpftwGif; w&m;
0ifEiS hf w&m;r0ifyg wefaygif;rsm;
pGm jyKef;wD;ukeaf Mumif;? opfxw
k f
vky&f mwGif a'ocHrsm;uvufqJG
jzwfvTjzifh uRJESifhxkwfygu uRJ
aumifa& 100 jzifh wpfywf
cefw
Y iG f 10 wefrS 15 wef&aomf
vnf; csde;f apmrsm;? ,E&m;rsm;?
qifrsm;? um;rsm;jzifh xkwfygu
opf 15 wefudk aeYcsif;tNyD;
tvG,w
f ul yif&&Sad Mumif;? Ny;D cJh
onfh aEGuvnf; qifqGJopf
yHkwpfyHk awmrD;avmiftpm;
xyfxw
k Mf u&onf[k a'ocHrsm;
u ajymMuaMumif; jrefrmtpdrf;
a&mifuGef&ufodkY wifjycsufrsm;
wGif yg0ifonf/
]]'DudpawGudk a'ocHawG
u txift&Sm;odw,f/ 'gayrJh
b,fvo
kd ufaojy&rSe;f rodb;l /
rSefrSefuefuef(bufrvdkufbJ)
ppfaq;Edkifr,fh ol&SdrS trSefudk
od&r,f}}[k txufygyk*dKvfu
xyfavmif;ajymonf/
xdaYk emuf jrefrmtpdrf ;f a&mif
uGef&ufodkY wifjyrIxJwGif buf
rvdkufaom ppfaq;rI vkyfEdkif
onfrvkyfEdkifonfxuf rcdkifcHh
aom qnfrsm;txuf (txl;
ojzifhunifqnf) a&a0a&vJ
awmrsm; ckwf,laerIudk csuf
csif;&yfqdkif;ap&ef yGifhvif;&moD
ra&mufrD tjrefqHk;aqmif&Guf
oifo
h nf[k yg0ifaMumif; jrefrm
tpdr;f a&mifueG &f ufrS od&onf/
rif ; cspf E d k i f
uG,af q; roH;k pJo

G nhf Ekid if ?H ukef
vGefcJhonhf wpfESpftwGif;wGif
MuufiSufwkyfauG; a&m*gvHk;0
rjzpfonhf EkdifiHrsm;rSom wifykdY
cGiu
hf kd cGijhf yKrnf jzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
vuf&w
Sd iG v
f nf; Muufiu
S f
wkyaf uG;uif;&Si;f aom? umuG,f
aq;rxdk;aom EkdifiH 4 EkdifiHrS
rsKd;Muufrsm;udk wifoGif;cGifhjyK
cJhNyDjzpfaMumif;? odkYaomf pD;yGm;
jzpf Muufaygufrsm;udk wifoGif;
cGifh rjyKcJhaMumif; arG;jrLa&;vkyf
ief;tzJGUcsKyfrS od&onf/
xufxufrk d; jrifh
pdr;f pm;ikwyf k
t0ifenf; aps;EIef; jrifh
pdrf;pm;ikwfykrsKd;rsm; aps;
uGuftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufEIef;
enf;yg;vmaomaMumihf 0,f
vkdtm;rrQw aps;EIef; jyef
vnfjrifw
h ufvmaMumif; bk&ifh
aemifyGJHktwGif;&Sd ikwf ukef
pnf ' k d i f t csKd U rS od & onf/
]]'DESpftnma'orSm &moD
Owkraumif;bl;/ rk;d acgifvYdk ikwf
txGufenf;w,f/ ypnf;rayg
awmh aps;awGvnf; wufvm
wmaygh}}[k xl;cReaf tmif ikwyf JG
Hku ajymonf/
tqkyd g oJawmpdr;f pm; ikwf
ykrsKd;onf aps;EIe;f tm;jzifh ,cif
wpfywfu usyf 3900 rS 4000
txd&Sdum wpfaeYvQif tdwf
aygif; 300 rS 400 txdbk&ihf
aemifukefpnf'kdifodkY 0ifaMumif;
od&onf/
,ckaemufydkif;wGif t0if
wpfaeYvQif tdwf 100 cefo
Y m&S
d
aps;EIe;f tm;jzifv
h nf; usyf 4300
0ef;usiftxd jrifhwufcJhaMumif;
ikwfyGJHkrsm;xHrS od&onf/
,ck&moDwGif xGufaom
oJawmpdr;f pm;ikwo
f nf &efuek f
odpYk 0ifcgpwGif t0,fenf;ojzifh
aps;uscJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg
pd k u f y sKd ; &ma'o &moD O wk
raumif;rGefjcif;aMumihf txGuf
enf;um aps;rsm;jrifw
h ufvmjcif;
jzpfonf[k xGef;a&mifjc,fyGJHkrS
ajymonf/
ikwpf u
kd yf sK;d &ma'orsm; wGif
rk;d acgifojzifh ikwt
f xGuef nf;yg;
rI a Mumih f ausmuf q nf N rd K UrS
xGuf&Sdaom rkd;axmifikwfy k
aps;EIef;usyf 2500 0ef;usif?
ikwf&Snfaps;EIef;usyf 2300
0ef;usicf efY ysr;f rQtm;jzifh aiGusyf
200 cef Y aps;jrif h w uf v mcJ h
aMumif; od&onf/
pd k ; pE m at;? ck d i f E G , f O D ;
20
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
rsK;d orD;rsm;\ qif

,ifx;kH zJUG rI?0wfpm;
qif , if r I r sm;ud k
tNrJa&;om; vrf;Tef
qHk;ravh&dSonfh a':a':vlxk
a':trm uG,v
f eG cf o
hJ nfrmS ,ck
qkdvQif 4 ESpfausmf &dSayNyD/
a':a': ruG,v
f eG rf u
D trsK;d orD;
rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrIukd tNrJ
rjywf qHk;ra&;om;avh &dS\/
xdt
k csed u
f jrefrmtrsK;d orD;rsm;\
tqkd;qHk; 0wfpm;qif,ifrIrSm
abmif ; bD & S n f 0 wf j cif ; om &d S
onf/ ,aeY acwfvdk tvGefwkd
onhf aygif&if;avmuf abmif;bD
wdak v;rsm; 0wfxm;aom jrefrm
trsK;d orD;av;rsm;udo
k m jrifvQif
a':a': rnfokdYa&;rnf roday/
,Ofaus;rI,,
kd iG ;f ysufp;D vmjcif;
udk *vdb
k ,fvu
dk af Z;&Si;f aMumifh
[k ajym&ayvdrrhf nf/ uRefawmf
wkYd i,fpOfurl e,fcsUJ ,Ofaus;rI?
taemufwkdif; ,Ofaus;rIcsJUxGif
vmjcif;aMumifh trsKd;om;,Of
aus;rI ysupf ;D vmjcif;udk EdiI ;f ,SOf
ajymwwfygonf/ wpfenf;qdk
vQif trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI tm;
enf;vmjcif;rSm taemufwdkif;
,Ofaus;rIaMumifh jzpfonf/ ysKd
arwkdY\ t0wftpm;? ,Ofaus;
rI? tajymtqdk dkif;pdkif;vmrIrSm
kyf&Sifum;rsm;aMumihfvnf; jzpf
onf / ud k & D ; ,m;um;rsm;u
trsm;qHk; vTrf;rdk;xm;ygonf/
,Ofaus;rIukd xde;f odr;f umuG,f
&rnfh rD'D,mrsm;uvnf; xdef;
odrf;umuG,fEdkifpGrf; r&dSawmh
ovdk qHk;rajymqdkwwfonfh vl
BuD;olrrsm; r&dSawmhjcif;aMumifh
vnf; jzpf\/ uRefawmfwkdYacwf
u a&Tuikd ;f om;wkv
Yd ?kd vlxk a':
trmwdkYvdk? vlxkOD;vSwkdYvdk vl
f ;kH rEkid cf hJ
BuD;olrrsm;u vrf;Teq
aomfvnf; ,ckacwfwGif enf;
yg;oGm;NyD/ pma&;qH;k rwwfaom
pma&;q&mrsm;? tEkynm&Sirf sm;
enf;yg;oGm;ygonf/
awmifudk&D;,m; EkdifiHom;
udk&D;,m;vlrsKd;wdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\
trsK;d om;a&;vuPm tm;enf;
vmNyD; aysmufroGm;atmifyif
renf; BudK;pm;aeyH&k onf/ xdo
k Ykd
jzpf & onf r S m tqef ; r[k w f /
awmif u d k & D ; ,m;onf 'k w d ,
ur mppf NyD;uwnf;u tar&d
uef vufa0cHEidk if t
H jzpf vlraI &;?
pD;yGm;a&;? Ekid if aH &;wkrYd mS &mpkEpS f
wpf 0 uf a usmf vT r f ; rd k ; cH c J h & yg
onf/ ,ckxufwidk f tar&duef
wyfom; 30000 ausmf csxm;
qJjzpfygonf/ xdo
k Ykd Ekid if rH sm;wGif
trsKd ; om;a&; tm;enf ; vm
onf r S m rqef ; ay/ Oyrm
zdvpfyikd q
f v
dk Qif ,cifuwnf;u
tar&d u ef \ avwyf E S i f h
Munf;wyf ppfpcef;BuD;rsm; &dScJh
onf/ ta&SUawmiftm&S ppfpm
csKyftzJGU (qD;wkd;) 0ifEkdifiHwpfck
jzpfaomaMumifh udk&D;,m;ppf? AD
,uferfppfwkdYtwGuf zdvpfydkif
wGif ppfpcef;BuD;rsm; csxm;cJh
onf/ xdktcgwGif tar&duef
ppfom;rsm;onf zdvpfydkiftrsKd;
orD;rsm;ESihf aoG;aESmcJMh uNy;D tar
&duef-zdvpfydkif ujym;rsm; jzpf
vmMuonf/ xdkif;ESifh awmifudk
,Ofaus;rIcsif; wkdufcdkufjcif;
xufjruf
&D;,m;wGifvnf; xdktwkdif;yif
jzpfonf/ vli,frsm;onf rdrw
d Ykd
\ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI wefzdk;
ukd tav;rxm;Muawmhay/ xdk
tcg aygif&if;xdwadk om abmif;
bDwrdk sm;udk rde;f uav;rsm; 0wf
qif&v
J mMuovdk rDepD uwfxuf
wk d a om aygif & if ; a&muf v k
puwfav;rsm;udv
k nf; 0wfqif
vmMu\/
,cktcg NrKd Uae vlwef;pm;
rsm;omru awmaevltcsKdUyif
ud&k ;D ,m;ky&f iS u
f m;rsm;udk tirf;
r& MunhfIaeMuonf/ xdkudk&D;
,m;um;rsm;xJwGif tdrfaxmif
a&;azmufjyefrIrsm;? rdef;uav;
av;ESifh jzpfum wpfa,mufrSm

23 ESpft&G,f abmif;bD&Snf
usyu
f syjf zifh jzpfonf/ ESpaf ,muf
om;,dkifxdk;vmNyD; qdkufum;
wpfp;D iSm;onf/ ykZeG af wmifbuf
oGm;rnf[ak jymonf/ qdu
k u
f m;
q&mu olwkdYudk wJGwif&onf/
aemufwpfckrSm Adultery ac:
vifi,f? r,m;i,faejcif;udk
udk&D;,m;um;rsm; tom;ay;
xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ a,musfm;
rsm;u td r f a xmif & d S vsufESifh
aemuf x yf r,m;i,f a e\/
xdktcg tdrfaxmifa&; jyem
rsm;ay:vmonf/ xdo
k aYkd ,musmf ;
r,m;i,faeonfudk uvJhpm;
aysmufatmif 0dkif;0ef;xdef;odrf;
Mu&ayvdrfhrnf/
tm&SwkdufEdkifiHrsm;\ ,Of
aus;rIrSm Oa&my ,Ofaus;rIESifh
vHk;0qefYusif\/ a&S;dk;tpOf
tvmESihf qif,ifx;kH zJUG rIukd w&m;
ao zufwG,fxm;&rnf[k rqdk
vdkay/ xdkodkY zufwG,fxm;jcif;
rSmvnf; obm0rusay/ uRef
awmfw\
Ydk tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm; jzpf
aom wkwf? tdEd,? xdkif;?
vmtkd ponfwdkYonf ,Ofaus;
rI tpOftvm&dSaom EdkifiHrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ olwkdY\ ,Ofaus;
rIukdvnf; tckdiftrm xdef;odrf;
Muonf/ ,Ofaus;rIcsif;vnf;
rSmvnf; ajymif;vJvmNy;D aoQmif

rSaebdkautxd wdk;wufvmrI
rsm;&d S y gonf / trsKd ; orD ; rsm;
rSmvnf; ajcrsufpdtxd qHyif
&Snx
f m;jcif;rS wpfawmifcefo
Y m
qHyif&n
S af wmhonftxd ajymif;
vJvm\/ xdo
k Ykd 0wfpm;qif,if
jcif;rSm azmufjyefjcif; r[kwaf y/
,ckrl qefYusifbuf vdifudk
jrL qG,af om 0wfpm;qif,ifjcif;
rsm; jyKvk y f v monf / xk d o k d Y
0wfpm;qif,ifjcif;ESifh azmuf
jyefaom tjyKtrl\ A[dkrSm
a[mvD;0k'fjzpf\/ tar&duef
,Ofaus;rI odkYr[kwf taemuf
,Ofaus;rIudk tm;usolrsm;u
vli,frsm;tzdkh trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fzkdh vdkonf/ twk,lrrSm;zkdh vdkonf/

[D&dMow yuif;rJUaom 0wfpm;qif,ifrIrsKd;ukd a&SmifMuOfMu&rnf/ vli,f a,musfm;av;?
rde;f uav;rsm;rSm rdrw
d \
hkd ajE odum xdcu
kd af paom qif,ifx;kH zJYG rrI sm;udk owdxm; a&Smif&mS ;
oifUayonf/ ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;umuG,f&efrSm wkdif;jynfESifU vlrsKd;tay: wm0ef,lxm;aom
tpdk;&tzJGY wm0ef&dSovdk EkdifiHom;wkdif;? jynfolwdkif;wGifvnf; wm0ef&dSygonf/
rsm; qdk*sLac: udk&D;,m; csuf
t&uf u k d ruf r uf a rmarm
aomufMuyHkrsm;ygonf/ udk&D;
,m;um;wkdif; rdef;uav;rsm;
t&uf a omuf c ef ; ygonf /
qkid rf mS acgif;pdu
k af tmif aomuf
Muavonf/ jrefrmrdef;uav;
rsm;onf t&uf rajymES i f h ?
aq;vdyaf omufonfuykd if rESpf
NrdKUMuay/ wpf&ufu touf
20 t&G,f rde;f uav;ESpaf ,muf
t&ufrl;vmonfudk qdyfurf;
omvrf ; xJ awG U cJ h y gonf /
tcsed rf mS aeYcif; 2 em&Dyif &daS o;
onf/ rdef;uav; ESpfa,muf
jzpfum wpfa,mufrSm touf
21 ESpaf vmuf&NSd yD; abmif;bDwkd
acsvdk rdef;ruvnf; vifi,f

aeygawmh o nf / yg;ud k u f
em;udkufrnfqkdaom tdrfaxmif
a&; azmufjyefonfh kyf&Sifrsm;
jzpfygonf/ xdo
k Ykd Adultery um;
rsm;rSm wpfum;r[kwf? ESpfum;
r[kwf/ um;wkdif;wGif xdkuJhodkY
azmufjyefrIrsm; yg0ifaeygonf/
qifqmtzJUG u zufcef;? ayGUcef;?
erf;cef;rsm;udo
k m jzwfawmufNy;D
wpf u m;vH k ; td r f a xmif a &;
azmufjyefaeonfuk d rjzwfawmuf
Muay/ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk
xdyg;apaom Zmwfum;rsm;udk
pdppfMuyfrwf&ayrnf/vlraI &;tzJUG
rsm;? vlBuD;olrrsm;? Edik if aH &;tzJUG
rsm;u trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI ry
ul;vl;zvS,Mf u\/ xdkif;rS oD

csif;? tu? 0wfpm;qif,if xH;k
zJGUrIrsm;udk jrefrmwkdYu &,lMu
onf/ ,dk;',m;tu? oDcsif;?
0wfpm;qif,ifrIrsm;udk tav;
xm;wwfMuovdk *syef? udk&D;
,m;? wkwpf onhf vlrsKd;rsm;rSm
vnf ; ,Of a us;rI t csif ; csif ;
qufET,f aygif;ul;xm;onfudk
awGU&\/ ,Ofaus;rIrsm; wkd;
wufajymif;vJvmjcif;rSm obm
0usygonf/ ,cifuuJhodkY ESpf
yg;oGm;tursm;wGif y0gwpfurf;?
vufwpfvSrf; jzpfaomfvnf;
aemif t cg ayG U zuf o nf t xd
ajymif;vJvmonfukd vufcv
H m
Muonf / 0wf p m;qif , if r I
xdkodkY azmufjyefaom ,Ofaus;

rIukd wk;d wufr[
I k ,HMk unfaeMu
onf / tar&d u ef r S m ur m Y
tiftm;BuD; plyg yg0gEkdifiH jzpf
ovdk ppfa&;? pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;
tawmif h w if ; qH k ; jzpf o nf /
vdifydkif;qkdif&m udk,fusifhodum
tm;enf;aomEkid if v
H nf;jzpfonf/
ur m t&yf & yf tar&d u ef
ppfpcef;aygif; rsm;pGm&d\
S / Oa&my&dS
aewk;d wGif tar&duefu tiftm;
tawmifw
h if;qH;k yg0ifum MoZm
vTrf;rdk;xm;onf/ Oa&mywGif
tar&duef\ ppfpcef;rsm; &do
S vdk
vuf w if t ar&d u wG i f v nf ;
tar&d u ef p pf p cef ; rsm; &d S \ /
tmz&duwGifvnf; tar&duef
ppfpcef;rsm;&d\
S / aqmf't
D ma&As
vd k tm&yf E d k i f i H r sm;wG i f v nf ;
tar&duef ppfpcef;rsm; &dyS gonf/
tm&SwkdufwGif *syef? awmif
uk&d ;D ,m; paom Edik if rH sm;vnf;
tar&duef ppfpcef;rsm; csxm;
ygonf/ ,ck qifEaJT eaom tm
z*efepwefppfyJGwGif 10 ESpf
twGif; a':vm 642 bDvsHudk
oH k ; pJ G c J h N yD ; NyD / xd k Y t wl ol \
taemuf,Ofaus;rIuv
kd nf; wpf
urmvH;k vTr;f oGm;atmif aqmif
&Guw
f wfonfrmS vnf; jiif;uG,f
r&ay/
rnfoyYdk ifjzpfap vli,frsm;
ESifh ,Ofaus;rI wefzdk;rSm tvGef
yif ta&;BuD;ygonf/ uRefawmf
wdaYk cwfwiG f uRefawmfwYdk a&SUu
vlBuD;olrrsm;u trsKd;om;,Of
aus;rIukd xdef;odrf;zdkY qHk;roGef
oifcMhJ uovdk aemifrsKd;qufrsm;
udk oGefoifqk;H r&rnfh olrsm;rSm
uReaf wmfwYkd rsK;d qufom &daS wmh
onf/ vli,frsm;tzdYk trsKd;om;
,Ofaus;rIukd xde;f odr;f umuG,f
zkdY vdkonf/ twk,l rrSm;zkdY vdk
onf/ [D&dMowyuif;rJhaom
0wfpm;qif,ifrrI sK;d ukd a&SmifMuOf
Mu&rnf/ vli,f a,musmf ;av;?
rde;f uav;rsm;rSm rdrw
d \
Ykd aÈ
odumxdcdkufapaom qif,if
xHk;zJGUrIrsm;udk owdxm; a&Smif
&Sm;oifah yonf/ ,Ofaus;rI xde;f
odr;f umuG,&f efrmS wkid ;f jynfEiS hf
vlrsKd;tay: wm0ef,lxm;aom
tpdk;&tzJGU wm0ef&dSovdk EkdifiH
om;wkid ;f ? jynfow
l ikd ;f wGiv
f nf;
wm0ef &dSygonf/ wkdif;&if;om;
rsm; jzpfonfh Arm? &Srf;? csif;?
ucsif? u&ifponhf vlrsKd;wdkif;
wGif udk,fydkif,Ofaus;rI? xHk;pH
rsm; &dSMu\/ vlrsKd;wkdif;uvnf;
rdrw
d \
Ykd ,Ofaus;rI? 0wfpm;qif
,if r I w k d Y u d k *k p d k u f M uonf /
ta&;BuD ; onf r S m trsKd ; om;
,Ofaus;rIudk umuG,fapmifh
a&SmufrS vlrsKd;ukd apmifha&Smuf
Edik af yrnf/ vli,frsm;onf ,Of
aus;rI\ wefzdk;udk em;vnfzdkY
vdkonf/ aygif&if; a&mufvkeD;
yg; abmif;bDwkd 0wfonfudk
rwm;jrpf? tm;ay;aom rdbrsm;
rSm rdrdwdkY\ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;
rIukd rxde;f odr;f olrsm; jzpfonf/
azmufjyefaom ,Ofaus;rIESifh
qif,ifxHk;zJGUrIrsm;ukd qefYusif
&ayvdrfhrnf/ taemufEkdifiHrsm;
ESihf ul;vl;qufqH aygif;oif;&m
wGif taemufEdkifiHrsm;rS ,Of
aus;rIrsm; a&mufvmonfudk
vufcEH idk af omfvnf; xdt
k aemuf
,Ofaus;rI zHk;vTrf;roGm;atmif
umuG,f&ygrnf/ ,Ofaus;rI\
wefzdk;udkvnf; em;vnfzdkY vkd\
xdik rf odr;f 0wfr?S awmif&n
S yf q
k ;kd
0wfrS ,Ofaus;rI wefzdk; xdef;
odrf;onf[k rqkdvdkaomfvnf;
trsKd;om;0wfpHkudk xdef;odrf;&
rnf/ rdrd,Ofaus;rIudk tav;
xm;&rnf/ vli,frsm;twGuf
trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;
umuG,af &;rSm ordik ;f ay;wm0ef
wpf&yf[k rSwf,lxm;&ayvdrfh
rnf/
xufjruf
21
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
'D & uf x J r S m uRef a wmh f t

wGuf pdw0f ifpm;p&mowif;wpf
yk'fzwfvkduf&w,f/ owif;t
ao;pdwfudk rajymawmhygbl;/
owif;acgif;pOfavmufyJ zwf
Munhf&if owif;xJrSmbmawG
ajymxm;rvJqw
kd m cefrY eS ;f Munhf
vkdY &r,fxifw,f/
]]tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? or*rsm;?
vlrItultnDay;a&; tzGJUrsm;
a&&Sn&f iS o
f efa&;twGuf vGepf mG
ta&;BuD;aom umvjzpf}}
(Newday News *sme,f/ 117-2012/ pm-18)
'D o wif ; uawmh jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;twGuf tpdk;&eJY
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG? yg
wDawG? ulnDaqmif&Gufay;a&;
tzGJUawGu ajymqkdvkyfudkifae
csdefrSm tJ'Dvdk tpdk;&r[kwfwJh
tzGUJ tpnf;awG&UJ a&&Sn&f iS o
f ef
vkyu
f ikd Ef idk af &;uta&;BuD;w,f
qdkwJhtaMumif;udk oufqkdifwJh
yk*dKvfawGeJY ar;jref;NyD;a&;xm;
wmyg/ uRefawmfhtwGuf pdwf
0ifpm;p&m owif;vkdYajymcJhygNyD/
pmzwfola&m pdwf0ifpm;rdyg&JU
vm;/
ESpfaxmif;tm;& BudKqdkr,fhol
awGxu
J wpfa,mufygvkYd ajym
yg&ap/ trl t usif h a [mif ;
awG[m tajymif;tvJudk 'ku
aumif;aumif; ay;wwfw,f
qkdwmudkvnf; rarhoifhygbl;/
cs,&f wJt
h pOftvmjzpfvmwJt
h cg
rsKd;rSm bk&ifvdkyJ ]wkdif;EkdifiHudk
tkyfcsKyfaomtzGJUtpnf;}qdkwJh
t"dym ,f[m acwftajctaeeJY
udkufnDygao;&JUvm;/ pOf;pm;
MunhfzdkYaumif;r,f xifygw,f/
topfeJh tH0ifr,fUpdwf
'Dvq
dk &kd if ygwDppkH epfatmuf
rSm tpdk;&qkdwm jynfolvlxk
aumif;usKd;twGuf jynfov
l x
l k
ud,
k pf m;wkid ;f jynfukd pDrcH efcY JG wm
0ef c H a qmif & G u f a om jynf o l Y
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ qkNd y;D t"dym ,f
zGi&hf r,fxifygw,f/ tJ'o
D abm
rsKd;udk rJay;cJhMuwJh jynfolawG
a&m? rJev
YJ w
T af wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f
(trwf)jzpfoGm;olawGa&m? t
rwfawGxJuae tpkd;&tzGJU0if
aemifausmf
a&m [kwfvkdYvm;qkdNyD; ar;p&m
ar;cGe;f &Sv
d mEkid w
f ,f/
tpdk;&tzGJU[m udk,fhwkdif;
jynfxJu vlxkvlwef;pm;tm;
vHk;&JUtaMumif;udk wu,frod
Ekdifbl;qdk&if b,foal wG&JUtul
tnDu,
kd &l r,fxifygovJ/ tpd;k
&tzGJUwkdif;rSm &SdaewwfwJh tkyf
csKyfa&;,E&m;xJu AsLdku&uf
t&m&S d B uD ; awG & J U tul t nD
avmufeJY jynhfpHkvHkavmufr,f
xifygovm;/
tpd;k &tzGJUtaeeJY wu,fh
udktultnD&Ekdifr,fholawG[m
tpk;d &tkycf sKyfa&;,E&m;ur[kwf
wJh t&yfbufvt
Yl zGUJ tpnf;awGyJ
jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh e,f
wJt
h pd;k &? oef&Y iS ;f wJt
h pd;k &tajc
taeudk aocsmaygufa&mufEkdif
rSmyg/ jynfolvlxkudk udk,fpm;
jyKwJhtpdk;&taeeJYvnf; jynfol
vlxak umif;usKd;udk xdxad &muf
a&muf o,fydk;aqmif&Gufvm
EdkifrSm aocsmygw,f/
vufwHb,favmuf&SnfvkdYvJ
ygwDpHkpepfqkdwJh acgif;pOfeJY
&SdaewJh urmhEkdifiHtoD;oD;rSm
toif ; tzG J U awG w &m;0if &yf
wnfvyI &f mS ;aqmif&u
G af eMuwm
udk tm;vHk;odMuNyD;om;yg/ tJ'D
wkid ;f jynfawGrmS vnf; tpd;k &,E
&m;qkdwm e,fy,ftoD;oD;&JU
udpt
m;vH;k udk ajz&Si;f aqmif&u
G f
aomif;aomif;zszs om"k
aumif;awGaMumifyh J jzpfygw,f/
tpdk;&csnf; oufouf aqmif
&Gufwmxuf ydkNyD; tqifajy
aumif ; rG e f v d k Y jzpf y gw,f /
y#dyuawG ajyvnf at;Nird ;f ap
EkdifwmaMumifhvnf; jzpfygw,f/
pepfa[mif;udk rvdk
'DuaeY acwfrmS qk&d if wdik ;f
jynfjyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;qkdwJh
toHawGudk tpdk;&qDu? vTwf
awmfxu
J ? ygwDawG tzJUG tpnf;
awG q D u us,f u s,f a vmif
avmif Mum;aeMu&wJh umvyg/
jyKjyifcsifwmyJjzpfjzpf? ajymif;vJ
csiw
f myJjzpfjzpf t&ifacwfa[mif;
vdrk sKd; rBuHKcsif? rMum;csif? rjzpf
csifwJh tajccHpdwfuae ay:
xGuv
f mwmvdYk ,lqcsiyf gw,f/
armift&ifvkdr[kwfawmUbl;vm;
'DuaeYacwf&JUowif;awG
xJrmS ]aemufaMumif; jyefrvSnfh
bl;}qdkwJhpum;udk tpdk;&buf
uajymaeovkd aemufaMumif;
jyefrvSnahf &;udpu
kd twdu
k t
f cH
ygwDawG?tzGUJ tpnf;awGuvnf;
ajymaeMuwmudk Mum;aezwfae
&w,f/ aemufaMumif;jyefrvSnfh
bl;qdw
k m[m t&ifwek ;f utpk;d &
awGvdk ]ig&Sifbk&if? b,fESywf
yJywfywf}qdkwJh oabmxm;eJY
vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G yf rkH sK;d ? igeJiY ghvl
rsK;d awG Bu;D yGm;aumif;pm;a&;qdw
k hJ
pdwx
f m;eJY jyKrlprD aH qmif&u
G yf rkH sK;d
rvkyfawmhbJ wkdif;jynfaumif;
usKd;eJY jynfolvlxkaumif;usKd;
twGuf OD;wnfvyk u
f ikd o
f mG ;awmh
r,fqdkwJh t"dym,fudk ajymwm
vkdY,lqEkdifw,f/
'Dvkdqkd&if aemufaMumif;
jyefrvSnhfbl;qkdwm[m vuf&Sd
tpd;k &ukd wku
d f u
dk u
f ,
dk pf m;jyKae
w,fqw
kd m &Si;f aeygNy/D enf;enf;
av;xyfNyD; odcsifwmu tpkd;&
qkdwJhyk*dKvfawG&JUoabmxm;yHk?
cH,lxm;yHkudkyg/ pmzwfolvnf;
pdwf0ifpm;vdrfhr,f xifygw,f/
bk&iftpd;k &
]tpd;k &(e)-wkid ;f Ekid if u
H kd tkyf
csKyfaom tzGUJ tpnf;}qkNd yD;awmh
jrefrmtbd"mefrSm t"dym,f zGifh
w,f / ]bk & if } qk d w mud k a wmh
]wdkif;EkdifiHwGif xD;eef;pdk;pH tkyf
csKyfol/ rif;}qkdNyD; t"dym,fay;
xm;w,f / bk & if e J Y t pd k ; &[m
wpfOD;eJYtzGJUtpnf;qdkwmyJ uGm
jcm;aewmudk owdjyKMuygvdrhf
r,f/ pum;vH;k awG&UJ t"dym ,fziG hf
qkdcsufawG[m wpfcgwavrSm
acwftajctaeay: rlwnfNyD;
tajymif;tvJawG &SdEdkifw,fqdk
&if oabmwlEdkifygovm;/ 'D
uaeYvkdygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDpepf
atmufrmS tpd;k &tzGUJ 0ifqo
dk al wG
udk jynfolvlxk&JU qErJeJY a&G;
tpdk;&tzGJYtaeeJh wu,fUudk tultnD&Ekdifr,fUolawG[m tpkd;& tkyfcsKyfa&;,E&m;ur[kwfwJU

t&yfbuf vlYtzGJYtpnf;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmU e,fy,ftoD;oD;u toif;awG?
tzGJYtpnf;awG? or*awGygyJ/ ynm&Sifavmu? ausmif;om;avmu? 0efxrf;avmu? tvkyform;
avmu? v,form;avmu? pmaytEkynmavmu pwJU avmue,fy,ftoD;oD;udk udk,fpm;jyKwJU
toif;tzGJYawGeJY vlrItultnDay;a&;toif;tzGJYawGyg/
jzpfomG ;olawGyg b,favmufxd
em;vnfvufcx
H m;Ekid Mf uygNyv
D /J
a&S;ya0oPDwek ;f uvkyd J tpd;k &
qdkwmudk emcHdkao&r,fqdkwJh
jynfolawGeJY igwdkYtpdk;&vkyfwm
udk a0zefwmrsK;d vky&f if awGUr,f
qdw
k hJ tpd;k &tzGUJ 0ifawG tcktcsed f
rSm &SdaeMuwkef;yJvm;/ 'gu
vnf; avhvmpl;prf;NyD; ppfwrf;
xk w f & r,h f tajctaeopf e J Y
udkufnDtH0ifwJhpdwfae oabm
xm;rsKd; yGm;rsm;ysHUESHYatmif vkyf
&r,fhudpvkdYxifygw,f/ vufcH
Ekid yf g&JUvm;/
y,ftoD;oD;utoif;awG? tzGUJ
tpnf;awG? or*awGygyJ/ ynm
&Siaf vmu? ausmif;om;avmu?
0efxrf;avmu? tvkyform;
avmu? v,form;avmu? pm
aytEkynmavmupwJh avmu
e,fy,ftoD;oD;udk udk,fpm;jyK
wJh toif;tzGJUawGeJY vlrItul
tnDay;a&; toif;tzGJUawGyg/
olwdkYwpfawGudk touf0if&Sif
oefciG ahf y;Ny;D olw&Ykd UJ tBuHmPf
tultnDawG? yl;aygif;aqmif
&Gurf aI wGeYJ tpd;k &tzGUJ u aqmif
&GufvmEkdifr,fqkd&if aumif;rGef
rodwmr&SdwJU tpdk;&
uav;rsm;ESifh rdcifrsm;twGuf "mwfyHkNydKifyGJ usif;yrnf
b,fwkdif;jynfrSmrqdk tpdk;
&tzGJU&JU vufwH[m jynfolvl
xkaumif;usKd;o,fy;kd a&;twGuf
rSm ayrDa'gufr&D cdS zhJ ;l ygovm;qkd
wmuvnf ; pOf ; pm;Mu&r,f h
udpx
rJ mS ygaeavh&w
dS ,f/ tpd;k
&tzGJUacgif;aqmifeJY tpdk;&tzGJU
0ifqdkolawG[m udk,hfwkdif;jynf
xJu vlxv
k w
l ef;pm; tm;vH;k &JU
tajctaerSefudk odzdkYcJ,Of;ae
wwf w ,f / igh w k d i f ; jynf x J u
tajctaetvHk;pHkudk igrodwm
r&Sb
d ;l vkadY jym&Jz;l cJw
h hJ orwawG?
0efBuD;csKyfawG? 0efBuD;awGqw
kd m
urmo
h rdik ;f BuD;wpfcv
k ;kH rSm &Scd zhJ ;l
w,fvYdk Mum;zl;zwfz;l ygovm;/
]rum&avmy}qdkwJh rwpfvHk;
aMu (rodwmr&Sd)wJh tpkd;&qdk
wm &Scd zhJ ;l ygovm;/ &Scd zhJ ;l ygw,f
vkaYd jymwJo
h &l &dS if tJ'g[mwu,f
zdkY vufvSrf;rrDwwfMuygbl;/
tpd;k &&JUvufw[
H m b,favmuf
&SnEf idk v
f v
Ydk /J tJ't
D cgrSm tpd;k &
awG[m t&yfbuftzGJUtpnf;
awGeYJ em;vnfr,
I &l wm/ nEd idI ;f
aqmif&u
G &f wm? yl;aygif;vufwGJ
aqmif & G u f & wmawG &d S v myg
w,f/ 'Drkdua&pD tawGUtBuHK
&ifhusufNyD; oufwrf;&SnfvS
ygw,f qkw
d hJ Edik if aH wG[mvnf;
'Dobm0udk a&SmifvTJvdkY r&Ekdif
ao;ygbl;/ ra&SmifvJT Ekid Mf u&wm
uvnf; ndEdIif;yl;aygif;aqmif
&Gurf aI Mumifh &vmavh&w
Sd hJ &v'f
t&ifvkd rjzpfcsiw
f hJ jyKjyifajymif;
vJa&;toHawGu ae&maygif;pHk
uae xGufay:vmwm[m BudK
qdk&r,fh udpyg/ 'g[m ]pepf
a[mif;udkrvdk? pepfopfudk vdk
onf? acwfa[mif;udrk vd?k acwf
opf u d k Bud K qk d o nf } qk d w J h
oabmrsKd;eJY qifwlaeygw,f/
wu,fvm;?t[kwv
f m;vdaYk wmh
uReaf wmfu
h kd rar;ygeJ/Y uReaf wmhf
rSm ajzqkdcGifh r&dSygbl;/ ajzcGifh&dS
olawGudkyJ oGm;ar;MuzdkY tBuH
jyKcsifygw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh
ta[mif;udk wu,fajymif;&if
wu,fawmh tpkd;&qkdwm
jynfov
l x
l k aumif;usKd;twGuf
jynfolUudk,fpm; wkdif;jynfudk pD
rHcefYcJG wm0efcH aqmif&GufwJh
jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,f tzJGUvdkY
ajymcJhNyD;ygNyD/ tJ'Dtpdk;&[m olU
,E&m;wpfcw
k nf;eJY wkid ;f jynfxJ
u vlxkvlwef;pm; toD;oD;&JU
'ku? tcuftcJeJY vdktyfcsuf
awGukd odEidk pf rG ;f ? ajyvnfatmif
ajz&Sif;EdkifpGrf; r&dSbl;vdkYvnf;
ajymcJNh yD;ygNyD/ urmEY idk if t
H oD;oD;
rSmvdk tpdk;&r[kwfwJh toif;
tzJUG awGeYJ ndE iId ;f vufwGJ ajz&Si;f
EkdifrS tqifajyacsmarGU Ekdifvdrfh
r,f qkdwmudkvnf; tBuHjyKcJh
NyD;ygNyD/ NyD;cJhwJh ta[mif;u
raumif;rSe;f odcMhJ uNyD xifyg&JU/
tJ'v
D q
kd &dk if ygwDpkH 'Dru
dk a&
pD pepfatmufrmS tpd;k &tzJUG [m
]]oef&Y iS ;f aom? aumif;rGeaf om}}
qkw
d hJ *kPyf 'k af wGeYJ emrnfaumif;
&csifw,fqkd&if vuf&dS zJGUpnf;
yHktajccHOya'xJu jy|mef;csuf
twkdif; toif;tzJGUawG w&m;
0if&yfwnf &SifoefcGifh ay;zdkY vkd
tyfaeNyDqkdwJh tajzudk &vmyg
w,f / tJ ' D t oif ; tzJ G U awG & J U
tpOftvm *kPfodumeJY &yf
wnfyidk cf iG ?hf &ydik cf iG ahf wGuykd g tod
trSwjf yKEkid Mf ur,f/ Ny;D awmh pdwf
apwemaumif;aumif;eJY ]aemuf
aMumif;jyefrvSnfhaMu;} qkdwJh
tajymif;tvJaumif;awG &dSvm
atmif d;k d;k om;om; ndE iId ;f vuf
wJG aqmif&GufEkdifMur,f qkd&if
]twk d i f;xuftvG e f ? wH c G e f e J Y
ukum;} qkdwmrsKd;vdk Mum;&BuHK
&ol taygif;u aomif;aomif;
zszs om"kac:MurSm jzpfygw,f/
'grSvnf; y#dyu enf;yg;Ny;D Nird ;f
csrf;wnfNidrfwJh wkdif;jynftem
*wfudkyg ydkifqkdifEkdifr,fvdkY xif
jrifrad Mumif;ygcifAs/
aemif a usmf
touf oH k ; vrS oH k ; ES p ftxd uav;i,frsm;tm; rd cif rsm;ES i f h twl 'Happy

Mo*kwf 5 &ufwiG f Dagon Centre Shopping Mall - 2 usif;yrnf[k od&onf/
if;"mwfyjkH yyGt
J m; Dumex
rS Main Sponsor tjzpft"du
yHhydk;ay;xm;um Co.sponsor
rsm;tjzpf KidsplaNet Baby
Fashion, IODERM Herbal
Toothpaste, Kao Shong Coffee Mix with Collagen, Media
tjzpf Good Health

Journal wd k Y y g0if x m;aMumif ;
od&onf/
NyKd ify0JG ifrsm;xJrS touf 1
ESpt
f xufuav;rsm;ESihf Edw
Yk u
kd f
auR;qJrcd ifrsm;rSZv
l ikd v
f twGi;f
Sponsor
Dumex Dragon, Plus & 3

Plus, Maril Gold 3 & 4
ES i f h
0,f,lxm;aom
abmifcsmrdwLESifhtwl "mwfyHk
rsm; yl;wGJay;ydkYolrsm;xJrS Real
Dumex Mum & Baby Award udk
a&G;cs,fcsD;jrifhrnfjzpfonf/
,if; abmifcsm,lvmol
NydKifyGJ0ifrsm;twGuf Final NydKifyGJ
aeYwiG f Lucky draw rsm;? uav;
i,frsm;ESiu
hf ,
kd 0f efaqmifrcd ifrsm;
twGuf tm[m&qdkif&m odvdk
onfrsm;tm; Dumex \ Nutrition Doctor rsm;rS tcrJh tBuH
ay;aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;ESifh txl;
Promotion rsm; a&mif;csay;jcif;
rsm;? 1 ESpftxufuav;rsm;udk
Mamil Mama
Mum & Healthy Baby'
EdkYerlemwdkufauR;jcif;rsm;?
"mwfyHkNydKifyGJudk
Co-
w w w. F a c e b o o k . c o m /
rS
0,f,lolrsm;udk 10 &mcdkifEIef;
Discount rsm;? IODERM Toothpaste wd\
Yk Discount ESifh mPf
prf;tpDtpOfrsm;?uav;i,frsm;\
azsmfajzwifqufrrI sm; yg0ifrnf
jzpfonf/ NyKd ifyu
JG kd eHeuf 9 em&DrS
nae 5 em&Dtxd usi;f yrnfjzpf
NyD; uav;i,frsm;ESifh rdom;pk
rsm;yg yGu
J si;f yonfah eYwiG f Famk jH yKvkyaf y;rnfjzpf
ily Fan Fair yHp
NyD; NydKify0JG if&eftwGuf tcsuft
vufrsm;ESihf NydKify0JG ifuav;i,f
rsm;\ "mwfyHkrsm;udk https://
wGif
MunffhIEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
NyKd ify0JG ifvo
kd l rdcifrsm;onf
rdrdwdkY&ifaoG;i,fESifhtwl aysmf
&TifpGmdkufxm;aom pdwfBudKuf
"mwf y H k w pf y H k ? KidsplaNET
Award twGuf KidsplaNET
wHqdyfrS ESpfouf&m0wfpHk0wf
qif x m;aom uav;i,f \
tvS"mwfyw
kH pfyu
kH dk Zlvikd v
f 30
&uf a eY x uf aemuf r usbJ
royallinkservice@gmail od k Y
ay;ydkY ,SOfNydKif&rnfjzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
rd;k i,f
sponsored- KidsplaNET
HappymumHealth Baby
22
uReaf wmfwEYkd idk if H w&m;pD&if
a&;udk w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh Oya'
a&;qkdif&m aumfrwDu xdef;
ausmif;Muyfrwfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;
w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaewpfOD;u
*sme,fwpfapmifwGif a&;om;
zl;onf[k uRefawmf\vkyfazmf
udkifzuf0efxrf;jzpfaom pma&;
q&mwpfO;D u uRefawmfu
h kd ajym
zl;ygonf/ armifcsrf;at;([m;
bwf)u 'Drdkua&pD\ pdefac:rI
3 &yfukd owif;pmwpfapmif wGif
a&;om;wif j ycJ h o nf / ,if ;
pmwrf;wGif 'Dru
kd a&pDpepf ajymif;
vJusifhoHk;p EdkifiHrsm; tjcm;
EkdifiHrsm;rS 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfESifh
pepfrsm;udk rdrEd ikd if t
H wGi;f oGwf
oGif;um rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqusihf
oH;k rIjzpfwwfjcif;rSmvnf; pdeaf c:
rIwpf&yfjzpfaMumif; wifjyxm;yg
onf/ 'Dru
dk a&pDusifo
h ;kH rIordik ;f
aMumif; ckid rf m&Snv
f sm;cJNh y;D acwf
rDzUHG NzKd ;wk;d wufaom Ekid if w
H pfEidk if H
wGif zGUJ pnf;cJah omtzGUJ tpnf;wpf
&yfEiS hf rdrw
d EYkd idk if &H dS tvm;wl tzGUJ
tpnf;wd\
Yk usiphf Of? pepfEiS u
hf sifh
oH;k aqmif&u
G Ef idk rf I taetxm;?
tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&? wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG fh
ESifh oufwrf;udkvnf; trsm;
jynfow
l t
Ykd m; today;&ef vkt
d yf
rnf[k oabm&&Sdygonf/ odkYrS
om jynfolwpfOD;csif;taejzihf
,if;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh rnfonhf
udpwGif rnfokdYqufpyfaqmif
&GuMf urnfukd &Si;f vif;pGmod&EdS idk f
Murnfjzpfygonf/
uReaf wmfwEYkd idk if w
H iG f zGUJ pnf;
yHt
k ajccHOya'yk'rf 115(*)ESi(hf C)
ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESit
hf nD jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfu 5-9-2011 &ufpJG
yg trd e f Y a Mumf j impm trS w f
24^2011 jzihfjynfolYvTwfawmf
qkdif&m Oya'yk'fr 24 ESifh 27
t&vnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwf
awmftpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsuf
t&vnf;aumif;? uefyufvuf
rJqEe,frS jynfolYvTwfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f ol&OD;atmifudk
Ou | tjzpf y g0if N yD ; jynf o l Y
vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
15 OD;yg0ifaom jynfolYvTwf
awmf? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh Oya'
a&;qkdif&m aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;
ay;cJhygonf/ ,if;aumfrwD\
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m
aumfrwDcsif;wlaomfvnf;
OD;atmif0if;(w&m;a&;)
NyD; tpD&ifcHpmwGif yl;wGJazmfjy

Ekdifonf/
(*) tpD&ifcpH mudk wifjyNy;D aemuf
vT w f a wmf O u | u owf r S w f
onhaf eYwpfaeYwiG af umfrwDOu|
odrYk [kwf aumfrwDOu|r&Sv
d Qif
twGi;f a&;rSL;uaomfvnf;aumif;?
aumfrwDOu|ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;
r&SdvQif aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;u
aomfvnf;aumif; aumfrwD\
tpD&ifcpH mudk aqG;aEG;pOf;pm;&ef
tqkw
d if oGi;f &rnf/
(C) tpD&ifcHpmudk vTwfawmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;u jyifqifcsuf
rsm; jyKvkyfcGifhr&Sd/
(i) tpD&ifcpH mudk aqG;aEG;pOf;pm;
NyD;aomtcg aumfrwDOu| odkY
r[kwf aumfrwDOu|r&Sv
d Qif t
wGi;f a&;rSL;uaomfvnf;aumif;?
aumfrwDOu|ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;
r&SdvQif aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;u
tpD&ifcpH mudv
k w
T af wmfuoabm
wlvufc&H ef tqdw
k ifoiG ;f &rnf/
tar&duef jynfaxmifpk
wGirf l uGe*f &ufvw
T af wmf(Congress) [ l & S d & m t x u f
vTwaf wmf (Senate) ESihf atmuf
vTwfawmf (House of Representatives) wkdYyg&SdNyD; txuf
vTwaf wmfw&m;pD&ifa&;&m aumf
rwD (The Senate Judiciary
Committee) rSm 1816 ckEp
S f 'DZif
bmv 10 &ufaeYrSpwifum
,aeYwkdifwnf&Sdaeaom yifudk
&yfwnfaecJhonhf tzGJUtpnf;
wpf&yfjzpfygonf/ uGef*&uf
vT w f a wmf t opf t quf q uf
ay:aygufvmrIrsm;ESit
hf wl ,if;
aumfrwD\ pDraH qmif &Guyf ikd cf iG hf
rsm; (Jurisdiction) ydkrdk us,fjyefY
vmcJyh gonf/ 19 &mpkwiG f ,if;
aumfrwDonf jypfrIw&m;pD&if
a&;ESifh oufqdkifonhf jy|mef;
csufrsm;? e,fopfESifhjynfe,f
opfrsm;wGif w&m;pD&ifa&; pepf
ysHUESaYH prIrsm;? w&m;pD&ifa&; Xme
qkdif&m vpmaiGrsm;ponhf udp
kd mHpk u
kd f aqmif&u
G f
rsm;wGif ydrk t
vmcJhygonf/ ,aeYumvwGifrl
,if;aumfrwDonf tMurf;zuf
rI? vlom;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;?
,H k M unf t yf E S H a &; qef Y u sif
azmufzsufrIOya' (Antitrust
Law) ? tif w meuf vH k N cH K rI
(Internet Privacy) ponhu
f pd r sm;
wG i f y g pD r H a qmif & G u f v mcJ h y g
jrefrmEdkifiH\ tdrfNcHajravmutcef;u@onf tvGefapmifhMunhf&rnfhtaetxm;odkY a&muf&SdaeNyDjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiH

tdrf? NcH? ajr 0efaqmifrItoif;rS od&onf/
]]bmaMumif h v J q d k a wmh
tdr?f Nc?H ajr aps;tvGejf rifw
h ,f
qdkwmudk wpfurmvHk;u od
vmNy?D jynfwiG ;f rSmvnf; atmf
vmNyD? tJh'Dawmh tvGefapmifh
Munhf&r,fhtaetxm;rSm &Sd
w,f}}[k jrefrmh tdrfNcHajr0ef
aqmifrItoif; 'kwd,Ou|
OD;oef;OD;u qdo
k nf/
EdkifiHwumrS tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;?
jrefrmEdik if H vma&mufaqG;aEG;
MuaMumif;? tdrfNcHajr tcef;
u@ESiyhf wfouf odvo
kd nf
rsm;udk ajymjy&aMumif;?aemufq;kH
jyefoGm;onfhtcg jrefrmEdkifiHu
ajraps;rsm; tvGefBuD;onf[k
wpfceG ;f wnf;aompum;udk ajym
MuaMumif; od&onf/
,if;uJo
h Ykd ajraps;rsm;tvGef
Bu;D aeMu&jcif;rSm ig;yGu&f m ig;pm
csonfh pD;yGm;a&;yHpk rH sKd ;rsm;udv
k yk f
aom olrsm;aMumifh jzpfaMumif;?
tdrNf caH jronf trnfajymif;vJ
&aMumif;? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u
todtrSwfjyKonfh tmrcHcsuf
&Sad Mumif;? a&&Snu
f pm;&aom
aMumifh jynfwGif;rS vkyfief;&Sif
rsm;uvnf; 0ifupm;Mu&m w
jznf;jznf; aps;EIef;rsm; BuD;jrifh
vm&jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
jrefrmEdik if H pufr0I efBuD;Xme
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? jrefrmEdkifiH
&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS I aumfr&Sif Ou| OD;
wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGifh? &ydkifcGihfESifh

oufwrf;wkdYudkvnf; qdkcJhonhf
Oya'jy|mef ; csuf r sm;ES i f h t nD
owfrSwfay;cJhygonf/
,if;aumfrwD\oufwrf;
rSm ,if;trdeaYf Mumfjimpm? tyd'k f
3 t& pwifzGJUpnf;onhfaeYrS
pwpfESpfjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf
,if;aumfrwDonf 4-9-2012
&ufaeYwGif oufwrf;ukefqHk;
rnfjzpfygonf/
,if;aumfrwDonf ,if;
trdefYaMumfjimpmtydk'f-4 t&
atmufygwm0efrsm;udk aqmif
&Gu&f efjzpfygonf/
(u) w&m;pD&ifa&;ESihf Oya'a&;
Ekdifa&;twGuf tm;ay;ulnD&
rnf/
(C) EkdifiH0efxrf;rsm;\ tcGifh
ta&;rsm; rSeu
f efpmG &&Sad &;twGuf
pdppfulnDaqmif&Gufay;&rnf/
(i) oufqkdif&m e,fy,ftoD;
oD;&Sd XmetzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u usifh
oHk;vsuf&Sdonhf Oya'rsm;udk
avhvm y,fzsuf&ef jyifqif
&eftopfjy|mef;&efrsm; awGU&Su
d
vTwfawmfokdYwifjy&rnf/
(p) wnfqJOya'rsm;ESifh ouf
qkid &f mXme? tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS tcg
tm;avsmpf mG xkwjf yefonhf trdeYf
TefMum;csufrsm;onf vuf&Sd
tajctaeESifhnDGwfqDavsmfyg
(u) aumfrwDOu| odkYr[kwf

aumfrwDOu|r&SdvQif twGif;
a&;rS L ;uaomf v nf ; aumif ; ?
aumfrwDOu|ESifh twGi;f a&;rSL;
r&SdvQif aumfrwD0ifwpf OD;u
tpD&ifcpH mudk vTwaf wmfow
Ykd ifjy
&rnf/
(c) ,if;odkYwifjy&mwGif aumf
rwD0ifrsm;onfvnf; tpD&ifcH
pmudk oabmwlaMumif; vuf
rSwaf &;xk;d &rnf/ od&Yk mwGif >cif;
csuf odkYr[kwf oabmuGJvGJ
csufrsm;&Sdygu xdk>cif;csuf odkY
r[kwf oabmuGJvGJcsufrsm;udk
a&;om;azmfjy vufrw
S af &;xd;k
'Drkdua&pDusifhoHk;rIordkif;aMumif; ckdifrm&Snfvsm;cJh NyD; acwfrDzGHY NzdK;wkd;wufaom

EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHwGif zGJYpnf;cJh aomtzGJYtpnf;wpf&yfESifh rdrdwdkYEkdifiH&Sd tvm;wl
tzGJYtpnf;wdkY\ usifhpOf? pepfESifhusihf oHk;aqmif&GufEkdifrItaetxm;? tzGJY0ifOD;a&?
wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh oufwrf;udkvnf; trsm;jynfolwdkYtm; today;&ef
vkdtyfrnf[k oabm&&Sdygonf/
qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm; rSefuefrI?
w&m;rQwrI&adS pa&;twGuf ulnD
aqmif&u
G af y;&rnf/
(c) Oya'ESit
hf nD w&m;pD&ifa&;?
w&m;H;k tqifq
h ifw
h iG f oufqidk f
olrsm;\ &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnD &&Sd
Ekid af &;twGuf nEd idI ;f aqmif&u
G f
ay;&rnf/
(*) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif
owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onhf wef;
wlnDrQtcGifhta&;? vGwfvyfrI
tcGifhta&;? w&m;rQwrItcGifh
ta&;wdkYudk EkdifiHom;wdkif; cHpm;
u trdefYTefMum;csufrsm;tm;
vkdufemaqmif&Guf&mwGif apmihf
Munhfxdef;ndulnD&rnf/
(q) oufqkdif&me,fy,ftoD;
oD;&Sd XmetzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf quf
pyfvsuf&o
dS nhf wkid Mf um;pmrsm;?
toem;cHpmrsm;? wifjycsufrsm;
udk Mum;empdppf vTwaf wmfOu
|rSwpfqifh vTwfawmfodkY wifjy
tpD&ifc&H ygrnf/
,if;aumfrwDonf ,if;
trdefYaMumfjimpm tydk'f-8 t&
atmufygwm0efrsm;udak qmif&u
G f
&efjzpfygonf/
jrefrhmtdrfNcHajr apmifh Munfh &rnfh taetxm; &Sd

onf/ xkdYjyif w&m;vTwfawmf

csKyfw&m;olBuD;rsm; (Supreme
Court Judges) ESifh jynfaxmif
pk w &m;ol B uD ; rsm; (Federal
judgeships) ud k o r w u cef Y
xm;&ef vsmxm;&mwGif xkad umf
rwD u oabmxm;rS w f c suf
ueOD; wifjy&rnhf wm0efudk
aqmif & G u f v mcJ h y gonf / xk d
aumf r wD \ ta&;BuD ; aom
tvkyfrSm A[dkpHkprf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ jzpfaom tufzb
f t
D ikd f (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
ESifh trdajrvHkNcHKa&;Xme
(De-
partment of Homeland Security) tygt0if
w&m;a&;Xmetm;
BuD;Muyf&mwGif taxmuftul
jyKay;&ygonf/ vuf&t
dS ajctae
wGif ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;onhyf gwD
rS txufvTwfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,f 10 OD;ESifh udk,fpm;vS,f
enf;onhfygwDrS txufvTwf
awmf udk,fpm;vS,f 8 OD;? pkpk
aygif; 18 OD;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;yg
onf/ ,if;aumfrwDu udp&yf
rsm;ESifh jyemrsm;udk tpnf;
ta0;jyKvkyfrJrsm;&mjzifh pD&if
qHk;jzwfjcif; jyKygonf/
txufygtcsufrsm;tjyif
Oya'ESit
hf nD vGwv
f yfpmG w&m;
pD&ifa&;[laom w&m;pD&ifa&;
qkdif&m tajccHrlESifhjynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EkdifiH
awmfwiG f tjrifq
h ;kH w&m;H;k jzpf
,if ; \pD & if q H k ; jzwf c suf o nf
tNyD;tjywfjzpfjcif; ponfwEYkd iS hf
oufqkdifaom zGJUpnf;yHktajccH
Oya'ESihf jynfaxmifpw
k &m;pD&if
a&; Oya'rsm;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;
udv
k nf;aumif;? ,if;jy|mef;csuf
rsm;\ oabmobm0rsm;ESifh
tusKd;oufa&mufrrI sm;udv
k nf;
aumif; aMunufpmG od&x
dS m;oifh
vSygaMumif; a&;om;wifjytyfyg
onf/
OD ; atmif 0 if ; (w&m;a&;)
pmud k ; 1/ 7-10-2011 &ufaeYxkwf
jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEdik if aH wmfjyefwrf;
2/ http.//
www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/
index.cfm
pd;k ode;f onf pufrZI ek af jraps;rsm;

BuD;jrifhaerItay: armfawmf
um;rsm;uJo
h Ykd rl0g'rsm;csrw
S Nf y;D
xdef;csKyfoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;
rD',
D mrsm;odYk ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
]]jrifhaewJh ajraps;awGudk
wpfenf;r[kww
f pfenf;uawmh
xde;f rSmyJ/ ajymaomyk*Kd vfonf
wm0ef&w
dS hJ vkyyf ikd cf iG &hf w
dS yhJ *k Kd vf?
Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS eI YJ ywfouf
NyD; aumfr&SifOu|jzpfw,fqdk
wJhtcgusawmhvG,fvG,fav;
&,f}}[k OD;oef;OD;uajymonf/
,ck v uf & S d tcsd e f w G i f
tmqD,Ha'orsm;xuf jrefrm
Edik if \
H tdrNf cHajraps;rSm ESpq
f ?
oHk;qcefY jrifhwufaeaMumif;
tdr?f Nc?H ajr tusKd ;aqmifrsm;xH
rS od&onf/
wufvl
23
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
vlom;onf wpfOD;wnf;
oGm;vm &SmazGpm;aomuf&if;
b0udk &yfwnfaevm&mrS tpk
tzJGUESifh ae&jcif;\ aumif;usKd;
csrf;omudk odvmNyD; rdom;pkrsm;
ay:aygufvmMuonf/ tajccs
aexdik rf rI sm;ESit
hf wl pdu
k yf sKd;a&;?
arG;jrLa&;wdv
Yk nf; ay:aygufvm
onf/ vIyf&Sm;wkdufckduf? odrf;
ydkuf tEkdif,lrIrsm;qDrS pmem
aEG;axG;rIjzifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl
aexkid rf q
I o
D Ykd a&S;Iaom vlU ,Of
aus;rIonf jzpfxGef; wkd;wuf
vmonf/ rdom;pkrSonf aus;
&Gm? NrdKUjy? EkdifiHtxd zJGUpnf;jzpf
ay:vmMuaomtcg vlrq
I ufqH
a&;rSmydkrdk us,fjyefYvmNyD; vlrI
jyemrsm; ay:aygufvmMu
onf/ ,Ofaus;aom vlUtzJGU
tpnf; jzpfay:vmojzifh a&S;u
uJhodkY rdrdvt
kd ifqEukd tiftm;
oHk; &,ljcif;xuf tBuD;tuJ
cefYtyfNyD; wm0ef,lajz&Sif;rIudk
vd k v m;vmMuonf / xd k t cg
tBuD;tuJuvnf; jyemrsm;
udk ajz&Sif;&mwGif tjiif;yGm;rI?
rauseyfrIrsm; avsmhenf;ap&ef
trsm;vufcEH ikd rf nh?f tusKd;&daS p
rnfh pnf;rsO;f rsm;ukd pHtjzpf xm;
NyD; ajz&Sif;vmMuonf/ xdkpnf;
rsO;f ? pnf;urf;rsm;udk wpfO;D wnf;
u owfrw
S jf y|mef;&mrS av;pm;
,HkMunf&ol trsm;u a&G;cs,f
wm0efay;tyforl sm;udk owfrw
S f
jy|mef;aponfh pepfqDodkY a&GU
vsm;vmMuonf/ trsm;ESihf rnD
nGwo
f ?l pnf;urf;azmufzsuo
f ?l
trsm;tusKd;udk xdyg;aESmif,
h u
S f
ol ay:vmvQif xkdpnf;rsOf;rsm;
udk toHk;jyK qHk;rtjypfay;&
onf/ xdkpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk ]"r
owf} [k ac:Muonf/
]"rowf} [lonf ]"r
ow} [laom ygVdpum;rS qif;
oufvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ]w&m;pD&if
aomusrf;} odkYr[kwf ]w&m;udk
qHk;jzwfaomusrf;} [k zGifhqkdMu
onf/ tkypf ;kd onfh rif;rsm;? ynm
&drS sm;u pkaygif;wnf;jzwfNy;D jyif
qifokwfoifjcif;jzifh "rowf
usrf;rsm; ay:ayguftajcwnf
vmcJh&onf[k q&mBuD; a'guf
wm wkd;vSu qdkygonf/
(2)
]&mZowf} [lonf ]&mZ
ow} [laom ygVdpum;rSyif
qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfNyD; ]rif;rde}Yf
pnf ol Nidr;f
[k tbd"mefu zGihfqdkonf/ xdkY
jyif jypfrIqkdif&m Oya'[kvnf;
qkx
d m;NyD; ]"rowfukd &mZowf
u csKyfonf} [k yl;wJaG zmfjyxm;
onf/ 0efaxmufrif; OD;armif
armifwifjyKpkonhf a&Teef;oH;k a0g
[m& tbd"mefwGif ]jrefrmrif;
vufxufawmfu wkid ;f jynfEidk if H
ukd &mZ0wfa&; cdk;ao;rD;yGm;r&dS
uif;vGwfvHkNcHKatmif &mZ'Pf
&Spf&yfxm; tkyfcsKyfavonf}
[k azmfjyxm;onf/
jrefrmhorkid ;f wGif yk*aH cwfu
yif rIcif;rsm;ukd ppfaq;qHk;jzwf
aom w&m;Oya'pepf tyDto
&dcS o
hJ nf/ yk*aH cwfwiG f trsK;d orD;
w&m;olBuD;? &[ef;w&m;olBuD;
rsm; &dScJhonf/ c&pfESpf 1232
aqmif&GufcJhonf/
(3)
w&m;Oya'onf jynfow
l Ydk
ukd zdESdyf&ef ay:aygufvmjcif;
r[kwf/ w&m;Oya'\ &nf&G,f
csuo
f nf zdEySd &f efr[kw/f tum
tuG,fay;&ef jzpfonf/ xdkodkY
tumtuG,fay;Ekdif&ef Oya'
onf pmtk y f x J w G i f o m vJ
avsmif;aer&/ trsm;jynfow
l Ykd
tMum;wGif ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;ae
&ef v d k o nf / umuG , f a pmif h
a&Smufae&ef vdkonf/ odkYrSom
trsm;jynf o l w k d Y u Oya'ud k
ouf 0 if , H k M unf N yD ; jyef v nf
xdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&Smuf
aeMurnf jzpfonf/ ouf0if
vd k u f r&/ vl w ef ; pm;
wpf&yfudk tomay;
xm;jcif;rsKd; r&dSap&/
Oya'ESihf uif;vGwaf e
ol r sm;uk d rnf o nh f
enf;ESifhrQ cGifhjyKxm;
r&/ ypnf;Opm<u,f0rI?
xifay:ausmfMum;rI? tcGifhtm
Pm&dSrIwdkYtay:wGif rlwnf
vdo
k vkd qJq
G efjY cif;? tavQmhay;
jcif;rsKd;vnf; r&dSap&/ jypfrIESifh
jypf'PfwkdYonfvnf; rQwap
&rnf/ ][mrl&mbD} bk&ifvuf
xuf ud k " Oya'wG i f rsuf p d
wpfzufazmufoludk rsufpdwpf
zuf? vufwpfacsmif;usKd;vQif
vufwpfacsmif; tavsmfay;&
rnf[k yg&dSaomfvnf; tcsKdUvl
w&m;Oya'onf jynfolwkdYukd zdESdyf&ef ay:aygufvmjcif; r[kwf/

w&m;Oya'\&nf&,
G cf sufonf zdEySd &f efr[kw/f tumtuG,af y;&ef
jzpfonf/ xdo
k Ykd tumtuG,af y;Ekid &f ef Oya'onf pmtkyx
f w
J iG o
f m
vJavsmif;ae r&/ trsm;jynfow
l Ykd tMum;wGif ouf0ifvyI &f mS ;ae
&efvdkonf/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufae&ef vdkonf/
wGif jrif;rlt&yfrS ]tdyk } trnf
&dS omreft&yfol trsKd;orD;u
]teEo}l trnf&Sd trwftm;
w&m;pJGqkdEkdifaom trIyif &dScJh
onf/ yk*HacwfuspGmrif; vuf
xufwGif c&pfESpf 1249 ? &m
ZowfOya'udk ausmufjym;ay:
a&;xdk;vsuf ae&mtrsm;wGif
pdkufxlcJhonf/ vjynhfoDwif;
aeYwkdif; jynfolwkdYonf &mZ
0wfOya'awmfudk zwfMum;em
,lapjcif;jzifh EdkifiHawmfwGif;
&mZ0wfrIrsm; ray:aygufatmif
vIy&f mS ;jcif;r&daS om Oya'jy|mef;

csufrsm;udk jynfolwdkYu uJh&JU
Muvdrrhf nf/ rxDrjhJ rif jyKMuvdrhf
rnfom jzpfonf/
Oya'ESifhtwl w&m;rQw
ojzifh jzpfjcif;? nDrQjcif;wko
Yd nf
wJG ygvmonf/ ,if;wkdYonf
Oya'\ *kPfodumrsm;yif jzpf
onf/ xdkYtwl Oya'ukd av;
pm;vdkufem&eftwGuf ta&;,l
jcif;? jypf'Pfay;jcif;wkdYudkvnf;
wJzG uf aqmif&u
G &f onf/ xdo
k Ykd
aqmif&Gufjcif;wkdYonf buf
wef;pm;rsm;rSm Oya'rS uif;vGwf

aeMuonf/
vrf ; ab;wG i f trI du f y pf
aom trItwGuf ]ao'Pf} [k
qkdvQif jypfrIESifh jypf'PfrSm rrQ
[k qdk&rnf/ odkYaomf ]ao'Pf
[kqkdaomfvnf; aMumufp&m
rvdk} [lonhftcsuf ygvmvQif
Oya'onf puLpkwf jzpfomG ;ay
vdrfhrnf/ Oya'wpf&yfudk av;
pm;vdu
k ef matmif aqmif&u
G &f m
wGif jypf'Pfay;jcif;rsKd;csnf;
r[kwfbJ tjcm;tcsufrsm;udk
vnf;xnho
f iG ;f pOf;pm;oiho
f nf/
Oyrm-vl u l ; rsOf ; Mum;rS
vrf;jzwfrul;ol rsm;tm; 'Pf
aiGay;aqmifaprnf qkdvQif vl
ul;rsO;f Mum;rS vrf;jzwfu;l Ekid &f ef
tajctaersm;? owday;vIUH aqmf
csufrsm;? tultnDay;jcif;rsm;
udv
k nf; xnho
f iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnf/
vlul;rsOf;Mum;rsm;ukd xif&Sm;pGm
a&;qJGjcif;? trsm;olig jzwful;
olrsm;aom ae&mrsm;wGif &djS cif;?
tvSrf;vGefpGm uGma0;raeoihf
jcif;? armfawmf,mOfrsm;ukd vlu;l
rsOf;Mum;wGif t&dSefavQmharmif;
apjcif;? wm0ef&o
Sd rl sm; apwemh
0efxrf;rsm;u atmfvHrsm;jzifh
owday;jcif;? oufBuD;&G,ftdk?
udk,f0efaqmif? uav;? e,frS
wpfcgwpf&H a&mufvmolwt
Ydk m;
vrf;ul;&ef ulnDay;jcif;wkdY vkd
tyfovdk ta&;,laqmif&u
G o
f l
rsm;uvnf ; &H z ef & H c grS o m
aqmif & G u f j cif ; rsKd ; r[k w f b J
tpOf vkyaf qmifaejcif;? yke;f vQK;d
uG,fvQKd; r[kwfbJ xifomjrif
om aqmif&u
G jf cif;? 'PfaiGay;
aqmif&vQifvnf; tcsdefMuefY
MumrIESifh tcuftcJrsm; r&dSay;
aqmifEikd jf cif; wku
Yd ykd g aqmif&u
G f
oifhonf/ vlwpfOD;\ pdwfwGif
vlul;rsOf;Mum;rS ul;jcif;onf
oufomvHNk cHKrI t&dq
S ;kH jzpfonf?
xdo
k Ykd raqmif&u
G v
f Qif tE&m,f
&dSonf[k ,HkMunfvmaomtcg
vlu;l rsO;f Mum;rS rkcsjzwfu;l ygvdrhf
rnf/
(4)
Oya'onf xD;wpfvufEiS hf
wlonf/ xD;atmufwiG f aexdik f
olonf t&dyu
f kd cHpm;&rnf jzpf
NyD; xD;tjyifwiG f aeolonf ae
'Pf? av'PfwkdYudk cHpm;&rnf
jzpf o nf / ,if ; ud k oabm
aygufvmaomtcg xD;t&dyf
odkY cdk0ifvmayvdrfhrnf/ xD;
t&dyfokdY cdk0ifvmolrsm;onf
vnf; xD;t&dyfudk cdkaeorQ
k ef m
xD;t&dy\
f pnf;urf;ukd vdu
&rnfjzpfonf/ xD;t&dyu
f kd cHpm;
Ekid &f ef xD;udu
k muG,af pmifah &Smuf
&rnf/ Oya'pdk;rkd;a&;twGuf
ta&;,l tjypfay;jcif;rsm;om
vTrf;rkd;raeoifhbJ jynfolvlxk
onf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k rI &daS eorQ
rdrdwkdYb0 vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rnfudk
vnf;aumif;? rw&m;vTrf;rdk;
tEkdifusihfrIrsm; usqHk;rnfudk
vnf ; aumif ; ? rd r d w k d Y q E r sm;
azmfxkwfjyocGifh &rnfudkvnf;
aumif;? rdrw
d EYkd idk if H zHUG NzKd ;wk;d wuf
rnfuv
kd nf;aumif;? odem;vnf
aeap&ef tajctaeESihf tajccH
taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfay:vm
atmif BudK;pm;ysK;d axmifay;&
rnf/ tyifwpfyifudk ydk;owf
aq;csn;f jzef;aejcif;jzifh Bu;D xGm;
pnfyifvmrnfr[kwb
f J obm0
ajrMoZm? a&? av? aewd k Y
xdawGUrI&ap&ef aqmif&u
G af y;&
rnf jzpfonf/ ,if;rSm tEkynm
yif jzpfygonf/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rk;d
jcif;\ aumif;usKd;&v'frsm;udk
xifomjrifom odem;vnfNyD;
w&m;Oya'\ t&omppfppf udk
xdawGUcHpm; em;vnfEidk jf cif;onf
vnf; ta&;ygaom tcsufwpf
csujf zpfaomaMumifh w&m;Oya'
\ umuG,af pmifah &SmufrrI sm;udk
trsm;jynf o l x H tjyef Y n D n D
oufa&mufap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
udv
k nf; xnfo
h iG ;f pOf;pm;&awmh
rnf jzpfygawmhonf/
pnf o l N id r f ;
rSwpf k
1/ uke;f abmifacwfjrefrmhvUl tzJUG tpnf;
ESihf w&m;rIcif;rsm; (a'gufwmwk;d vS)
2/ yk*aH cwfvrl aI &;(a'gufwmoef;xGe;f )
3/ a&Teef;oH;k a0g[m&tbd"mef (OD;
armifarmifwif)
tdrf? NcH? ajr tusdK;aqmifrsm; vufrSwf&SdrSom w&m;0if vkyfaqmifEdkifawmhrnf

jrefrmEdkifiH tdrf? NcH? ajr 0efaqmifrItoif;rS tusdK;aqmifrsm; todtrSwfjyK vufrSwf&&SdNyD;ygu w&m;0if vkyfaqmifoGm;Edkifrnf[k
if ; toif ; rS od & onf /
]]toif;0ifawGudk rGrf;rH
oifwef;ay;NyD;awmh oifwef;
qif;vufrSwfeJYwuG tdrf? NcH?
ajr0efaqmifrIvkyfwJh olawG
udkt vSnfhusay;oGm;NyD;awmh
olwYkd u wpfqifh jynfoal wGeYJ
xdawGq
Y ufqw
H t
hJ cgrSm w&m;
0ifvkyf aqmifoGm;Edkifr,fvdkY
&nf&G,fxm;ygw,f}}[k if;
toif ; rS Ou | OD ; oef ; OD ; u
ajymonf/
,cktcsdef ukrPDvdkif
pif E S i f h tusd K ;aqmif v k y f i ef ;
vkyu
f ikd o
f rl sm;? pnfyifvufrw
S f
rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;vkyaf qmifco
hJ rl sm;
&Sad eaomfvnf;wpfO;D wpfa,muf
csi;f vkyo
f nfyh pJG m;rsm;rSmjyefu
Y saJ e
tmrHcsuw
f pfpw
kH pf&m r&Sad Mumif;
od&onf/
]]r0,f o if h w J h ud p a wG
t0,frrSm;zdkY? ra&mif;oifhwJh
udpa wGrrSm;zd?Yk rrSm;oifw
h hJ udp
awG rrSm;zd?Yk vkyaf qmifcsufawG

rrSm;zdkY oifwef;awGrSm ygoGm;
rSmyg/ tJh'Dvdk todynmay;&if;
eJY xdef;ausmif;oGm;rSmyg}}[k OD;
oef;OD;u qdkonf/
Edik if w
H umrS jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f
vma&muf tdr?f NcH?ajrESihf ywf
oufaom oifwef;rsm;udv
k nf;
aumif;? tmqD,HEdkifiHwpfckckrS
oifwef;vmay;vQifaomfvnf;
aumif;? BuD;rm;aomtzGUJ tpnf;
wpfckckrS oifwef;vmay;vQif
aomfvnf;aumif;?oufqikd &f modYk
cGijhf yKcsuaf wmif;Ny;D oifwef;rsm;
vnf; ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
xdaYk Mumifh w&m;0ifonf[k ajym
&aMumif; if;u ajymonf/
]]tqifjh ri w
fh ifEikd o
f avmuf
jrifhwifr,f/ tJh'D oifwef;qif;
vufrSwfodkYr[kwf atmifvuf
rSwf&NyD;aom olonf tdrf? NcH?
ajreJyY wfoufNy;D w&m;0ifaqmif
&GufEdkifwJh taetxm; &Sdw,f

qdNk y;D olu
Y ,
kd o
f v
l nf; ,HMk unfrI
&SdoGm;r,f}}[k OD;oef;OD;u qdk
onf/
jrefrmEdkifiH tdrf? NcH? ajr
toif;Ou| OD;cifarmifoef;
uvnf; oifwef;rsm;ydkYcsay;NyD;
toif;0ifrsm;udk tmqD,H Level
t&nftaoG;jynfrh o
D mG ;&ef vkyf
aqmifay;rnfh &nfrSef;csuf&Sd
]]rMumciftwGif; jynfy
u tdr?f Nc?H ajr tzGUJ tpnf;awGeYJ
yl; aygif;vkyaf qmifomG ;r,f}}[k
if;u ajymonf/
,ck tcsed w
f iG f jynfwiG ;f rS
r@dKif tdr?f NcH?ajrtusdK;aqmif
oifwef;udzk iG v
hf pS Nf y;D owif;rsm;
ay;vsu&f adS eaMumif; tdr?f Nc?H ajr
tusdK;aqmiftcsdKUxHrS od&
onf/
wufvl
24
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
tar&duefEiS hf k&mS ;wdYk oabmwlnrD rI &vQif
qD;&D;,m;jynforl sm; toufq;Hk I;H Mu&OD;rnf

qD;&D;,m;y#dyu ajz&Si;f ajy
vnfEkdifa&; nDvmcH *sDeDAmNrdKU&dS
ukvor*kH;csKyfwGif jyKvkyfcJh
Muonf/ vlUtoufaygif;axmif
csD aoqHk;oGm;cJh&ayNyD/ aeYpOf
&m*Pef;eD;yg toufq;kH I;H aeMu
&onft
h a&;yif jzpfonf/ qD;&D;
,m;ta&; xdyo
f ;D nDvmcH[yk if
trnf a y;Mu&onf / tpnf ;
ta0;okdY qD;&D;,m;\ vuf&dS
tpd;k & bm&Smtmqwf\ tzJUG 0if
rsm;? twkduftcH tkyfpkrsm;wkdY
pkHpHknDnD wufa&mufMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;\ OD;wnfcsuf
rSm tpdk;&ESifh twdkut
f cH tkyfpk
rsm;tm;vH;k yg0ifonhf trsK;d om;
toGiu
f ;l ajymif;a&; tpd;k &wpf&yf
udk zJUG pnf; tajccHOya'rlMurf;
wpfck a&;qJt
G wnfjyKum w&m;
rQwaom a&G;aumufyJGwpf&yf
jyKvkyfapjcif;? a&G;aumufcH&
aomtpdk;&ukd tmPmvTJajymif;
ay;jcif; ponfh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;tBuHjyKcJMh uonf/ k&mS ;?
tar&dueftygt0if ukvor*
vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD&dS tzJGU0ifEkdifiH
tm;vH k ; u oabmwl n D c J h M u
onf/
odaYk omf qD;&D;,m;\twku
d f
tcH trsKd;om;aumifpDtzJGUu
if;oabmwlncD suu
f kd vH;k 0y,f
cscJNh yD; tjypfrjhJ ynforl sm;udk &uf
pufpGmowfjzwfaeaom aoG;
qmaeonhf tmPm&Sif tmqwf
ESifhtwl pm;yJGwpfckwnf;wGif
twlwuGxikd
f aqG;aEG; tvkyf
rvkyfvdkaMumif; xkwfjyefcJhMu
onf/
udv
k if;rmefatmif
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfESifh
qD; &D;,m;tem*wf
rnf[k udkzDtmeef wpfxpfcs
,HkMunfxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif
tar&duefwu
Ydk if;aqG;aEG;yJw
G iG f
tD&ef yg0ifjcif;udk ydwyf ifwm;jrpf
cJhMuonf/
tar&duef EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef
BuD; rpuvifwefu tD&efjynf
olrsm;\ vdkvm;aeaom 'Drkdu
Yk
a&pD awmif;qdrk rI sm;ukd if;wd\
bmoma&;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;
ud,
k w
f idk u
f yif tNrJ ESyd u
f yG zf Ed ySd f
aeMuonhftwGuf tD&efonf
vHk;0ryg0ifoifhaMumif; tqkdjyK
k&Sm;wdhk\ taMumif;jycsufrSm tmqwf EkwfxGufoGm;vQif qD;&D;,m;

EkdifiHonf tpvmrftpGef;a&mufrsm;\ tMurf;zuf owfjzwfrIrsm;
jzpfay:vmEkdifNyD; bmoma&;? vlrsKd;a&; ppfyJGrsm; jzpfyGm;um tjcm;
EkdifiHrsm;odhk ul;pufysHYESHhoGm;EkdifNyD; rBuHKzl;aom ab;tE&m,f 'kursm;
&ifqkdif&vmEkdifonf[k axmufjyokH;oyfcJUonf/
qD;&D;,m;\ r[mrdwfrsm;ESifh
tar&duef jyem
qD;&D;,m;wk\
Yd t"du r[m
rdwrf sm;rSm tD&ef? k&mS ;ESihf wkwf
wkdYjzpfMuonf/ qD;&D;,m; jynf
wGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk ukvor*
udk,fpm;Nidrf;csrf;a&; oHwref
udkzDtmeefuvnf; txufazmf
jyyg Nird ;f csr;f a&;vrf;pOfrsm; yg0if
vsuf toGiu
f ;l ajymif;NyD; tpd;k &
opfwpf&yf zJUG pnf;Edik af &;yif jzpf
onf/ qD;&D;,m;\ Nidrf;csrf;a&;
vkyif ef;pOfwiG f tD&efonf rjzpf
raeyg0ifrS atmifjrifrI &&dSEdkif
yrf;aeaMumif; a&;om;azmfjycJh
Muaomfvnf; qD;&D;,m;tpd;k &u
EIwfqdwfaecJhMuonf/ tar&d
uef axmuf v S r f ; a&;tzJ G U u
qD;&D;,m;wGif wkww
f \
Ydk EsLu
vD;,m;ynm&Sifrsm; tultnD
jzifh okawoe "mwfaygif;zdw
k pfck
aqmuf v k y f & ef wd w f w qd w f
pDpOfaeaMumif;udk 2001 ckESpf
uyif od&dScJhMuonf/ if;jyif
qD;&D;,m;onf 2004 ckESpfu
ygupwefwx
Ykd rH S A[dck mG tm;oH;k
,la&eD,rfoefYpifonfh enf;
ynmudk &,lxm;Ekid Nf yjD zpfaMumif;
tar&duef axmufvSrf;a&;rsm;
od&dSxm;NyDjzpfonf/
tar&duefwyfzUGJ rsm; tD&wf
EdkifiHtwGif; 0ifa&mufwkdufckduf
odr;f ydu
k pf Ofumvjzpfonhf 2003
ckEpS w
f iG f tD&wftmPm&Sif quf
'rf[lpdefonf tD&wf EsLuvD;
,m; odyHynm&Sif 12 OD;ukd if;
wkdY\ rdom;pkrsm;ESifhtwl qD;&D;
,m;tpd;k &xH apvTwyf ek ;f atmif;
cdik ;f vdu
k o
f nf/ if;wko
Yd nf qD;&D;
,m;Edik if t
H wGi;f cdv
k cHI iG &hf &daS pum
vQKdU0Sufppf pcef;wpfckwGif ykef;
atmif;aexdik af pNy;D EsLuvD;,m;
qkid &f m okawoepDru
H ed ;f wm0ef
rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;vsuf&dS
onf/
y,fcscJhonf/
qD;&D;,m;\ t"dur[m
rdwf tD&ef\bmoma&;q&mBuD;
rsm;onf qD;&D;,m;\ tmPm
&Sifacgif;aqmif bm&Smtmqwf
tay:wGif MoZmvTr;f rd;k rI vk;H vH;k
vsm;vsm;&daS eayonf/taMumif;
rSm qD;&D;,m;twGuf vdktyf
aomaiGaMu;? 'H;k usnEf iS phf pfvuf
eufrsm;udk tD&efwYu
dk axmufyhH
ay;aejcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
qD;&D;,m;\ xdyo
f ;D nDvm
cHwiG f NAw
d o
d QEikd if jH cm;a&; 0efBuD;?
tar&duefEidk if jH cm;a&; 0efBuD;ESihf
qD;&D;,m;twdu
k t
f cH trsKd;om;
a&;aumifpDwdkYu EkdifiHtwGif;
Nidrf;csrf;a&; jzpfay:apEkdifrnfh
tajzwpf&yfrmS orw tmqwf
,ck&mxl;rS rjzpfrae EkwfxGuf
NyD; tjcm;EkdifiHwpfckodkY xGufcGm
oGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf[k a0zef
ajymqdkcJhMuonf/
k&Sm;wdkY\ MoZmtmPm
k & S m ;wd k Yu ud k z D t meef \
Nidr;f csrf;a&;vkyif ef;pOf taumif
txnfazmfrIudk axmufcHtm;
ay;aomf v nf ; tmqwf t m;
&mxl ; rS qif ; ck d i f ; rI u d k vH k ; 0
oabmrwlay/ xdjYk yif urmt
Y if
tm;BuD;Ekid if rH sm;onf qD;&D;,m;
udk rnfot
l yk cf sKyfyg[k trdeaYf y;
apckdif;jcif; jyKvkyfydkifcGifhr&dS[k
k & S m ;u owd a y;ajymMum;cJ h
onf/
k & S m ;wd k Y \ taMumif ; jy
csufrSm tmqwf EkwfxGufoGm;
vQif qD;&D;,m;EkdifiHonf tp
vmrftpGe;f a&mufrsm;\ tMurf;
zufowfjzwfrrI sm; jzpfay:vmEkid f
Ny;D bmoma&;? vlrsK;d a&;ppfyrGJ sm;
jzpfymG ;um tjcm;Ekid if rH sm;odYk ul;
pufysHUESHUoGm;EkdifNyD; rBuHKzl;aom
ab;tE&m,f 'kur sm; &ifqidk &f
vmEkid o
f nf[k axmufjyok;H oyf
cJhonf/ qD;&D;,m;EdkifiHta&;
twGuf k&mS ;Ekid if H jcm;a&;0efBuD;
qm*sv
D uf Aa&mhAf u tvGeyf if
owdxm;udik w
f ,
G Mf u&rnfjzpfNy;D
uHraumif;vQif vpfAsm;Ekid if u
H o
hJ Ykd
jyifyrS tiftm;BuD;EkdifiHrsm;u
ppfa&; 0ifa&mufpGufzufkHESifh
Ekid if aH &; tajz&Smr&jzpfEidk af Mumif;
axmufjycJhonf/
k&Sm;wdkYu qD;&D;,m;udk ppf

vufeufrsm; a&mif;csay;vsuf
&do
S nf/ qD;&D;,m;wku
Yd vnf; ae
wk;d tkypf k r[mrdwrf sm; if;wkYd Ekid if H
tm; 0ifa&mufwkdufcdkufvmvQif
rdrw
d EYkd idk if u
H kd umuG,&f eftwGuf
k&Sm;ppfvufeufrsm;udk toHk;jyK
um umuG,w
f eG ;f vSeo
f mG ;rnf[k
k&Sm;EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;u twd
tvif; xkwaf zmfajymMum;cJo
h nf/
ok&Yd mwGif qD;&D;,m;wdYk rMumrDu
wl&uDaxmufvrS ;f a&; av,mOf
wpfpif;udk ypfcscrhJ t
I ay:wGif EIwf
qdwfaecJhonf/
ppfat;umv
k&Sm;ESifh qD;&D;,m;
qD;&D;,m;onf jynfwGif;
a&; y#dyursm; rBuHKrD ppfat;
umvrsm;uyif k&mS ;wdx
Yk rH S acs;
,lxm;onhf a<u;NrDrsm; a':vm
bDvsHcsD &dSaecJhonf/ if;wkdY
txJrS 70 &mckdifEIef;txd y,f
zsufay;&eftwGuf qD;&D;,m;ESifh
k&mS ;wdYk ESpEf ikd if H oabmwlpmcsKyf
jzifh twnfjyKEkdifcJhMuonf/
xdjYk yif k&mS ;ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif
&Gufonhf ppfbufqkdif&m tajc
pdu
k pf cef;rsm;wGif k&mS ;t&m&drS sm;
pGm &dSaecJhMuonf/ owif;rsm;
t& k&Sm;ppfbufqdkif&m tBuH
ay;t&m&dS 2000 cefYrSm qD;&D;
,m;wyfrawmfwGif wm0efxrf;
aqmifaeaMumif; od&&Sd onf/ if;
jyif qD;&D;,m;Ekid if \
H wyfrawmf
avhusifah &; tu,f'rDausmif;
vnf; k&Sm;oifwef;rSL;rsm; oif
wef;ydkYcsvsuf&dSonf/
ppfvufeufypnf;rsm; 0,f
,lEkdif&ef tD&efwkdYu axmufyHh
ay;vsuf &do
S nf/ ,cif wpfcsed f
u 0,fcGifhydwfyifcHxm;&onfh
ajrjyifypfwu
dk cf u
dk af &; vufeuf
rsm;udk jyefvnf0,f,cl iG hf &&dv
S m
onf/ qD;&D;,m;wkdYonf qdkAD
,ufacwfuyif0,f,x
l m;aom
T-72/T-80 trsKd;tpm; wifu
h m;
4500 wkdYudk acwfrDtqifhjrifh
wifvkdaeMuonf/ xdkYjyif k&Sm;
ppfvufeufurk P
rD sm;xHrS 0,f
,lvakd eMuayonf/ orw tm
qwfonf k&mS ;wkEYd iS hf yl;aygif;
ajrxJyifv,fa'owGif ppfr[m
AsL[ma&;&m wk;d jriafh &;twGuf
a&wyfESihf Munf;wyfwt
Ydk wGuf
tiftm;jrihf tdyfrufwpfckudk
zefwD;xm;[ef&dSonf/
qD;&D;,m;ESifh EsLuvD;,m;
vufeufpDrHudef;
qD;&D;,m;wdkYonf 1998?
azazmf0g&D 23 &ufaeYwiG f k&mS ;
wkdYESifh EsLuvD;,m; pDrHudef;
oabmwlnDcsufwpfck pmcsKyf
csKyfqdkcJhMuonf/ 1998 Zlvdkif
wGif k&mS ;ukrP
BD uD; ESpcf u
k 25
MW a&aygh EsLuvD;,m; okaw
oe "mwfaygif;zdk aqmufvkyf
ay;&ef oabmwlnrD &I &dcS o
hJ nf/
qD;&D;,m;wGif wnfaqmuf
xm;aom k&Sm;wdkY\ EsLuvD;
,m;enf;ynmrSm tvGef tqifh
jrifhjcif;aMumifh vufeufxkwf
vkyf &mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKEkdif
aMumif; od&dS&ayonf/
xdjYk yif 2003 ckEpS x
f w
k f vef
'ef zdik ef ef&,
S w
f idk ;f owif;pmBuD;
u qD;&D;,m;wGif k&mS ;wdYk EsLu
vD;,m; vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;
pufw
Hk pfck wnfaqmuf&ef BudK;
qD;&D;,m;\ jynfwGif;a&;
jyemrSm jynfy r[mrdwfwkdY
\ ausmaxmufaemufcHay;rI
0ifa&mufulnDrIrsm;u t"du
usaeayonf/ ,cifu ukvo
r* twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf wm0ef xrf;
aqmifcJhzl;ol udkzDtmeef\ Nidrf;
csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOf atmifjrif
a&;twGuf k&Sm;ESifh tar&duef
wko
Yd nf t&ifO;D qH;k oabmwlnD
rI &,lvdkufavsmay;rSomvQif
Nird ;f csr;f a&; okyaf y:vGiv
f mrnf
jzpfonf/
tar&duef tpdk;&u tm
Pm&Sif tmqwf qufvuf &dS
NyD; tmPmqkyfudkifxm;oa&GU
Nidr;f csrf;a&;tajz wpf&yf r&Ekid f
[k ,HkMunfxm;MuNyD; k&Sm;wdkY
u tmqwfr&dv
S Qifvnf; qD;&D;
,m;jynfwiG ;f ppf Nird ;f csr;f a&; r&
Ekdif[k axmufjycJhMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh qD;&D;,m; Nidrf;
csr;f a&; a&mifjcnfrmS rIe0f g;aeqJ
umvom jzpfonf/ tmPm&Sif
orw tmqwfu,
kd w
f idk yf if rdrd
qD;&D;,m;Ekid if w
H iG f *dP
k ;f *P jynf
wGif;ppfBuD; pwifaeNyD[k ,cif
tywfu xkwaf zmf owday;vm
cJhonf/
Edik if w
H um&dS ppfa&;ynm&Sif
ESifh EkdifiHa&;okawoDrsm;u qD;
&D;,m;\ jynfwGif;ppf jyem
y#dyu\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;
pOfrmS tar&duefEiS hf k&mS ;ESpEf ikd if H
OD;pGm oabmwlnDrI &&dSrSom
taumiftxnf azmfEkdifrnf[k
oHk;oyfaeMuayonf/
ud k v if ; rmef a tmif
25
Vol.4, No.28,July 19, 2012
2015 tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm; rD'D,myl;aygif;a&; tBudKvIyf&Sm;

rJaqmuf? Zlvikd f 12
tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;rS rD'D,morm;rsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf vmrnfh 2015 ckESpfwGif pwifrnfh ]]The Union

twG uf tBudK vIyf &S m ;rItjzpf Zlv kd i f 12 &uf u xd k i f ; -jref r me,f pyf & d S rJ a qmuf Nrd K U xd k i f ; ES if h jref rm
owif ; axmuf r sm; yxrqH k ; tBud r f t jzpf awG U qH k a qG ; aEG ; cJ h M uonf /
awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yJGudk wmhcf
today;vdyk gw,f}}[kajymonf/
cdik f xdik ;f owif;axmuftoif;rS
wmh c d k i f xk d i f ; owif ;
uruxjyK aqmif&u
G cf NhJ y;D xdik ;f
axmufrsm; toif;Ou|u jref
kyfoHvdkif;rsm;? owif;pmwkduf
rmESihf xdik ;f owif;axmuf trsm;
rsm;rS owif ; axmuf r sm; rJ
tjym; yg0ifaqG;aEG;Ekdifrnhf ESD;
aqmuftajcpdkuf BBC? RFA?
aESmzvS,fyJGwpf&yfudkvnf; rJ
DVB? BBC? KIC ESifh jrefrm
aqmufwGif rMumrD jyKvkyf&ef
owif;Xmersm;rS owif;axmuf
tpDtpOfrsm;&do
S nf[k ajymonf/
xdkif;kyfoH owif;axmuf
rsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/
wmh c f c d k i f xd k i f ; owif ; wmhcfcdkif xdkif;owif;axmufrsm; toif;Ou| EdkiftmP
Edik q
f cl sKid ;f u ]]'DtpDtpOfukd BudK
axmufrsm; toif;Ou|Ekid t
f mP aqG ; aEG ; ajymMum;aepOf / ("mwf y H k - &J & ih f a rmif )
qkdygw,f/ 'grsKd;u t&ifur&dS
cJhwJh ESpfEdkifiH e,fpyfu owif;
u]]vmr,fh 2015us&iftmqD,H
uae a'owGi;f u rD',
D morm; tjzpf cspfMunfa&;awGudk ydkNyD; pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;awG 'Dx
h ufru axmufawGudk qufpyfay;wJh
awG t wG u f jyKvk y f a y;r,h f wnfaqmufEdkifzdkUtwGuf &nf wk d ; wuf v mrS m jzpf w J h t wG u f cspfcif&if;ESD;rIawGyg/ jr0wDu
rD'D,m&JU tcef;u@[m ydkNyD; owif;axmufeJY xdkif;owif;
,leD,H rD'D,mtmqD,HtwGuf &G,fygw,f}} [k ajymonf/
awGUqHyk o
GJ Ykd rJaqmufNrKd Ue,f awmh ta&;Bu;D ygw,f/ rJaqmuf axmufawG tckvdk &if;&if;ESD;ESD;
tBudKtjzpf tckvdk jrefrmeJY
xdik ;f owif;axmufawGU qHMk uNy;D jrLeDpDy,fOu| EdkifxdkYu&wfcsif txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkerf mS wkwEf idk if H awGUqHkcGifh&wm yxrqHk;yJ}} [k
YJ ufpyfwhJ tydyk pn;f ajymonf/
cspcf if&if;ES;D rIeYJ em;vnfrI &&daS &; apmf&erfwufa&mufNyD; owif; uvQypf pfeq
twGuf jyKvky&f wJh awGUqHyk GJ jzpf axmufrsm;ukd BudKqkdonhf rdefY awGxkwfwJh pufkHawGzGifhzdkY vm
jynfwiG ;f jynfy&dS owif;Xme
a&muf urf;vSr;f xm;wJt
h wGuf rsm;twGuf xdik ;f -jrefrme,f pyf
w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ qkdawmh cGef; ajymMum;cJhonf/
if;u ]]rMumcifrJaqmuf tvkyo
f rm;tiftm; oef;eJcY sDNyD; rJaqmufwGif tajcpdkuf vIyf
uRefawmfwaYdk wG[m a&SUqufNyD;
'Dxufru vufwJGvkyfaqmif rSm Edik if w
H um tqifrh D txl;pD; vkdtyfrSm jzpfwJhtaMumif;udk &Sm;aeonhf jrefrmowif;axmuf
oGm;&r,fh vkyif ef;pOfawG trsm; yGm;a&;Zkef zGifhvSpfawmhrSmjzpfwJh vnf; 'DaeYwufa&mufvmwJh ta&twG u f r S m 20 ausmf & d S
BuD ; &d S o vd k tmqD , H r d o m;pk twGuf rJaqmuf-jr0wD ESpEf ikd if H ESpfEkdifiHu rD'D,morm;awGudk onf/
&J&ifah rmif
Media of Asean}}
EdkifiHawmfoHpHkwD;0dkif; EdkifiHwumtEkynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
yxrqHk;tBudrf azsmfajz
EdkifiHawmf oHkpHkwD;0dkif;\ yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf EdkifiHwum

ynm&Sifrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;um oHpHk*Dw (Orchestra) avhusifhazsmf
ajzrIudk Zlvdkifv 13 &ufaeYu &efukefNrdKUtrsdK;om;ZmwfHkwGif
usif ; ycJ h a Mumif ; od & onf /
]]tckvdk EdkifiHwum ynm
&SifawGeJY avhusifhazsmfajz&wJh
twGuf ynmvnf;&ygw,f/
aemifrmS vnf; tjcm; Edik if w
H um
ynm&Siaf wGeYJ yl;aygif;azsmfajz zdYk
tpDtpOfawGvnf; &Syd gw,f}}[k
Edik if aH wmfopH w
kH ;D 0dik ;f acgif;aqmif
OD;wifodef;u ajymonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jyKvkyfrnfh
ta&SUawmiftm&S tm;upm;yGJ
awmf Sea Game 2013 ESifh 19
Budrfajrmuf tmqD,H xdyfoD;
tpnf;ta0;yJG ASEAN Summit
{&m0wDudk umuG,fa&;jyyGJ usif;y

]]uREkfyfwkdY{&m0wDudk bmaMumifhumuG,foihfovJ}} [k
trnfay;xm;aom {&m0wDESifhobm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;
a&;qkid &f mjyyGu
J kd Zlvidk v
f 14 &ufrS 16 &ufaeYtxd a,mrif;BuD;
vrf;&Sd Gallery 65 wGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/
tqkdygjyyGJwGif {&m0wDESifh
ywfoufaom uAsmrsm;? pm
wrf;rsm;? umwGe;f ? ydpk wmrsm;udk
jyoxm;ouJo
h Ykd {&m0wDEiS yhf wf
oufaom oDcsif;rsm;udkvnf;
oD;oefcY ef;wGif yd*k suw
f mESix
fh ;dk
jywif q uf r I r sm; yg0if o nf /
,if;jyyGJwpfckvHk;onf igwdkY{&m
Yk em*wf? igwd{Yk &m0wD
0wD? igwdt
igwdkYpm;eyf&dum? igwdkY{&m0wD
igwkdY ZD0ya'om? igwdkY{&m0wD
igwdkY ,Ofaus;rI? igwdkY{&m0wD

igwdkY Nidrf;csrf;a&;? igwkYd{&m0wD
igwdYk toufarG;0rf;ausmif;? igwkYd
{&m0wD igwdt
Yk csKyftjcmtmPm?
igwdkY{&m0wD igwdkY a*[pepf?
igwd{Yk &m0wDigwdu
Y k av;rsm;ponhf
acgif;pOfrsm;ay:wGit
f ajccH wif
qufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]{&m0wDeJY ywfoufwm
awG t&ifursm;rsm;vkyfcJhMu
w,f/ tckvnf; {&m0wDeYJ ywf
oufNy;D ud,
k Ehf idk if o
H m;awGvyk &f
udik &f r,ft
h vkyaf wGtrsm;BuD; &Sd
ao;wmudak xmufjyzd'Yk yD aJG v;vkyf
jzpfwmyg}}[kypJG pD Oforl sm;xJrw
S pf
OD;jzpfou
l jkd rifah Zmfu ajymonf/
uREkfyfwdkY{&m0wDudk bm
aMumihfumuG,foihfovJ jyyGJ
tjyif a[majymyJGESifh tvkyfHk

aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk yef;csDq&mjrifh
armifausm?f umwGe;f q&m atmf
yDus,?f aw;a&;q&mjrifrh ;dk atmif?
ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; ynm
&SiOf ;D 0if;rsK;d ol? rk;d av0oynm&Sif
a'gufwmxGe;f vGi?f pma&;q&m
udw
k m? pma&;q&mr*sL;? vlraI &;
vIyf&Sm;ol a'gufwmausmfol?
uAsmq&m armif a tmif y G i f h ?
opfawmynm&SiOf ;D tke;f ? a&ynm
&Sifa'gufwmcifeDeDodef;? "mwfyHk
ynm&Sipf ed rf sK;d jrif?h a':a'0DoefpY if
ESihf udjk rifah Zmfwu
Ykd 0kid ;f 0ef;aqmif
2014wdkYwGif
atmifjrifpGm azsmf
ajzEdik &f ef &nf&,
G af Mumif; if;u
qdkonf/
,if;azsmfajzrIukd Edik if aH wmf
oHpw
kH ;D 0dik ;f ESihf twl *syef*w
D rSL;
Mr Yoshikazu Fukumura ?
wa,mqdv
k ykd nm&Sif Ms. Anna
Sowanna (xdkif;)ESifh AD,uferf
*Dwynm&Sif ajcmufOD;? xdkif0rf
*Dwynm&SifwpfOD;? zdvpfydkif
ynm&Siw
f pfO;D wdYk yl;aygif;azsmaf jzcJh
aMumif; od&onf/
jynh f N zd K ;
&GufcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/
]]tckvdkyGJav;awG vkyfwJh
twGuf {&m0wDudkumuG,af &;
rSm tusK;d oufa&mufreI nf;enf;
awmh&Sdygw,f/ 'gu {&m0wDukd
umuG,fzdkY owd&atmifvkyfae
wmyg/ vlwpfa,muftvkyv
f yk f
zdt
Yk wGuf tdy&f muEk;d atmift&if
EI;d wJo
h abmyg}}[k umwGe;f q&m
atmfyDus,fu ajymonf/
uREkfyfwkdY{&m0wDudk bm
aMumihf umuG,o
f iho
f vJjyyGEJ iS hf
obm0ywf0ef;usiq
f idk &f mtvkyf
HkaqG;aEG;yGJ? a[majymyGJrsm;odkY
jrefrmEdik if H a'otoD;oD;rS ywf
0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; toif;?
tzGJUrsm;? wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;
wufa&mufcMhJ uaMumif;od&onf/
rif ; cspf E k d i f
ay:jyLvme,l;pf pmtkyv
f iG jf yif
ypfwdkif;axmif pdwf"mwf
b0udk,fpD tvSudk,fpD
q&marmifudkudk (tr&yl&)
a&;om;onhf vlyk*dKvf 45 OD;\
b0owd(odkY) b0ukd,fpD tvS
udk,fpD/
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk pDbDtufpf kyfjrifoHMum;XmerS
kyfjrifoHMum;owif;pmq&m csm;vfpfuka&mh\ ]]csm;vfpf
uka&mhEiS t
hf wl vrf;ay:rSm}}udk ESpo
f uf tm;ustwkc;dk csio
f nf[k
qkd\/
]]b0ud,
k pf rD mS tvSu,
kd pf D &So
d nf[k uRefawmf,MkH unfyg
onf/ vlwpfa,muf\b0xJrS tvSuakd wGUatmif &SmazG&efom
vkdtyfygonf/ b0udk,fpD\ tvSudk,fpDudk uRefawmfhb0tm;
&if; csOf;uyfcJhygaMumif;}}[k pma&;ol\trSmwGif a&;om;
xm;onf/
wefzdk;- 3000 usyf
pma&;q&mcspfEkdif (pdwfynm)
a&;om;xm;aom pmtkyfjzpfonf/
q&mql;opf\pmtkyEf iS hf q&marmif
cif r if ( "Ek j zL)wk Y d \ pmtk y f r sm;rS
taMumif; t&mrsm;udk tajccHNy;D a&;
om;vkdufaom aqmif;yg;rsm;[kqkd
onf/ aqmif;yg;pkpak ygif; 15 yk'Ef iS fh
pma&;ol\trSmwdkYyg0ifonf/
pma&;ol\trSmxJwiG f ]]pm
tkyw
f iG f q&mBuD;(q&m armifcifrif-"EkjzL)\ Mo0g'? tqdt
k rde?Yf
t,ltaumufawG ul;,lazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pma&;olonf topfrxGiEf idk yf g/ pma&;olu ropfrjrifwwf
ao;/ q&morm;awGa&;wmajymwm qkrd ed cYf MhJ uwmawGukd avhvm
qnf;yl;Ny;D aumif;avpG?aumif;vku
d w
f m[k armif;cwfrkH Qoma&;wwf
ajymwwfygonf[k a&;om;xm;onf/
wefzdk;-1000 usyf
'Du'dkYb,foGm;MurvJ
umwGef;q&mBuD; OD;azodef;
jrefrmrIjyKcJhaom pmtkyfwpftkyf
jzpfonf/ a&cJacwf? ausmufacwf?
aMu;acwf? oHacwf? pufrIynm
acwf? xdrk o
S m 0g'acwf/ umwGe;f
jzihfajymaom orkdif;ZmwfcHk/
]]vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; 50 ausmf
60 avmufu uGefjrLepf0g'ESifh
tmPm&Sif0g'awG[m urmvlom;rIdif;wdkufcHcJhMu&ygw,f/ 'D
pmtkyfa[mif;av;u tJ'D0g'awGudk umuG,fEkdifzdkY today;?
ynmay;pmapmifav;wpftyk yf g}}[k pmtkyt
f rSmwGif azmfjyxm;
onf/ 1952 ckESpf Blandford Press, London uxkwfa0aom
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? pmtkyu
f kd jrefrmrIjyKxm;
onf[k qko
d nf/
wefzdk;-1000 usyf
vif;OD;
26
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
jrefrm trsdK;orD;vufa&G;piftoif; *syefEdkifiH oGm;a&mufavh usifhrnf
ysOf;rem; tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;zvm; abmvHk;NydKifyGJ

usif;yrnf
tmqD,H trsdK;orD; csef

yD , H & S p f N yd K if y G J 0 if r nf h jref r mh
vuf a &G ; pif t rsd K ;orD ; toif ;
onf *syef E d k i f i H td k q mum
NrdKU *syefuvyftoif;rsm;ESihf
yl ; wG J a vh u sif h o G m ;rnf j zpf
aMumif ; od & onf /
tmqD,t
H rsdK;orD; csefy,
D H
&SpfNydKifyGJudk AD,uferfEdkifiH [dkcsD
rif; NrdKUawmf pufwifbmv
13 &ufrS 22 &ufaeY txd
usif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpfNyD; jrefrmh
vufa&G;piftrsKd ;orD;upm;orm;
23 OD;ESihf enf;jytkycf sKyfol ig;OD;
yg0ifrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]'D*syefuvyftoif;rsm;eJY
yl;wGaJ vhusifrh u
I kd tzGUJ csKyf Ou|
OD;aZmfaZmfu *syefEikd if H abmvH;k
tzGUJ csKyfukd tultnD awmif;cHcJh
wmyg/ NyD;cJhwJhvwkef;u *syef
EdkifiH zlul&SD;rm; tu,f'rDu
trsKd ;orD; vli,fupm;orm;ig;OD;
jrefrmEdik if rH mS vmNy;D yl;wGaJ vhusihf
rIawG vkyfay;ygw,f/ 'D yl;wGJ
upm;rIu t&rf;udk aumif;yg
w,f/ tJh'gaMumifhvnf; 'Dvdk
*syefuvyf toif;awGeJY oGm;

a&mufNyD; yl;wGJavhusifhwmyg}}
[k jrefrmhtrsdK;orD;vufa&G;pif
toif; tzGUJ acgif;aqmif a':jrwf
jrwfOD;u ajymonf/
jref r mh v uf a &G ; pif t oif ;
onf yl;wGaJ vhusiahf &; c&D;pOft
jzpf Mo*kwfv 24 &ufaeYwGif
jrefrmEdik if rH S pwifxu
G cf mG rnfjzpf
NyD; tkdqmumNrdKUwGif 10 &uf

Mum *syefuvyftoif; oH;k oif;
cefYESifh ajcprf;upm;oGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
tqdkygyGJtwGuf ukefus
p&dwrf mS tar&duefa':vm ckepf
aomif;cefY ukeu
f srnfjzpfNyD; if;
uk e f u sp&d w f u d k jref r mEd k i f i H
abmvH;k tzGUJ csKyfrS uscHomG ;rnf
2012 vef'ef tdkvHypfNydKifyJG0ifrnfh upm;orm;tcsKdU vef'efNrdKUodkY a&muf&dSaeNyD jzpfaomf

vnf ; vHkNcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;tm; jyefv nf p d p pf & rnf [ k od & onf /
vef'efNrKd U\ tdv
k yH pfNyKd ifyt
GJ wGuf
jyifqifrIonf ,cifu vufcH
usif;yaom NrdKUrsm;xuf om
vGeaf umif;rGeaf omfvnf; Ny;D jynhf
Nzd K ;Nzd K ;
&efukefNrdKY&Sd tm;upm;uGif;rsm; jyifqifrI tm;enf;aeao;
vef'eftkdvHypf vHkNcHKa&; jyefvnfpdppf

vef'eftv
dk yH pf NyKd ifyGJ rusi;f
yrD 10 vtvdu
k wnf;u tdv
k H
ypfNyKd ifyBGJ uD; vHNk cKH a&;twGuf wm
0ef , l x m;&aom yk * v d u
vkyfief; (G4S) \ 0efxrf; tif
tm; enf;yg;rIudk owif;rsm;u
a&;om;wifjycJhNyD; tMurf;zuf
orm; apmihfMunhfpm&if;0if vl
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; EkdifiHwGif;odkY
a&muf&dSaeaomaMumifh ,ckuJh
odkY vHkNcHKa&; tpDtpOfrsm;tm;
jyefvnfppd pf&ef vdt
k yfonfrsm;
udk xyfrv
H yk af qmif&ef pDpOf&jcif;
[k od&onf/
tkv
d yH pfupm;yJrG sm;\ vHNk cHK
a&; twGuf vHkNcHKa&;wyfzJGU0if
3500 cef Y xyf r H v d k t yf r nf
jzpfonf[k od&onf/
vef'efNrdKUawmf0ef abm&pf
*Refqef (Boris Johnson) u
jzpf o nf / *syef E d k i f i H a bmvH k ;

tzGJUcsKyftaejzifhvnf; jrefrm
toif;\ aexdkifrIESifh avhusifh
a&;uGi;f &&Sad &;udpr sm;udk wm0ef
,l aqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
ysOf;rem;NrdKUe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;zvm; &yfuGuf? aus;&Gm

tkypf ak ygif;pHk abmvH;k NydKifyu
GJ kd Zlvikd v
f 15 &ufaeYrS Mo*kwf
9 &ufaeYtxd usif;yrnf[k owif;&Sdonf/
,if;NydKifyGJwGif NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd &yfuGufaus;&Gm tkyfpk 35
pkrS toif; 28 oif;yg0if ,SOfNydKifupm;rnfjzpfaMumif; NrdKUe,f
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;ausmfwifhu ajymonf/ NydKifyGJudk ysOf;rem;NrdKU
ta&SUbuf&o
dS Mum;pufabmvH;k uGi;f ? ysO;f rem;NrKd UwGi;f &Sd pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;
odyaH bmvH;k uGi;f ESihf ysO;f rem;NrKd U&Sad bm*0wD&yfuu
G f abmvH;k uGi;f
wdkYwGifusif;yrnf[k od&onf/ tqdkygNydKifyGJrsm;wGif uRrf;usif
ydkifEdkifpGmupm;Edkifonfh upm;orm; 30 OD;udk ueOD;a&G;cs,fum
,if;teufrS 24 OD; xyfrHa&G;cs,f aejynfawmfaumifpD
Ou|zvm;abmvHk;NydKifyGJwGif ysOf;rem;NrdKUe,ftoif;taejzifh
yg0if,SOfNydKifrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]aejynf a wmf a umif p D Ou | zvm;ud k puf w if b mv
tukefydkif;avmufrSm usif;yzdkYvsmxm;w,f/ tJh'DNydKifyGJusawmh
aejynfawmf FC uGif;? aygif;avmif;uGif;&,f? aejynfawmf
abmvkH;uGif; trSwf 1 &,f? trSwf 2 &,fawGrSm usif;yr,f/
'DNydKifyGJawGuae wu,fxl;cRefvdkY MNL uvyfawGu a&G;cs,f
wmudk cH&wJo
h al wG&cdS w
hJ ,f/ 'gaMumifh xl;cRef&if aumif;aumif;
upm;Edik &f if a&G;cs,cf &H rSmyJ}}[k NrKd Ue,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;u ajymonf/
vuf&Sd &uyl&toif;wGif upm;vsuf&SdNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHom;
xJrS [ufx&pfoiG f;Edkifol puefY 20twGif; *dk;oGif;Edkifoltjzpf
rSww
f rf;wifcx
H m;&onfh upm;orm; csprf if;pd;k rSm ,if;uJo
h aYkd om
NydKifyGJrsm;rSwpfqifh wyfukef;NrdKUe,ftoif;rS a&G;cs,fcHxm;&jcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
pGr;f &Jx#G f
pHak om tajctaewpf&yf r[kwf

aMumif; Zlvdkifv 16 &ufwGif
xkwfazmf 0efcHxm;onf/
ausmf&Jvif;?
Ref: Reuters
2013 qD;*drf;wGiftoHk;jyKrnfh &efukefNrdKU&Sd tm;upm;uGif;rsm;jyifqifrI tm;enf;aeao;

aMumif ; tm;upm;0ef B uD ; Xme 'k 0 ef B uD ; OD ; at;jrif h M uLu ajymonf /
]]&efuek u
f uGi;f awG jyifqif
rItm;enf;aew,fqw
kd muvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY tm;upm;0efBuD;
Xmeu t&ifu 2013 qD;*dr;f udk
aejynfawmfrmS yJvyk zf Ykd tpDtpOf
qJx
G m;wm aejynfawmfuiG ;f awG
jyif q if w m wpf 0 uf a vmuf
a&mufawmhrS&efukefwdkY rEav;
GJ yk zf Ykd
wdkY aiGaqmifwdkYrSmvnf; udk,fh ypf?bufrifwef?trsK;d orD;abmvH;k wuo0kd if;xJrmS yJwif;epfyv
jrefrmawG tm;ay;vdkY&atmif tp&Sdojzifh usif;yoGm;&ef pDpOf rsm;w,f}}[k if;u qufvuf
NrKd UBuD;awGrmS usi;f yr,fqNkd y;D pDpOf xm;NyD; tm;upm;0efBuD;Xme ajymonf/ qD;*dr;f twGuf aejynf
h iG ;f udk toH;k awmf [dw
k ,fZek w
f iG f tm;upm;
vdu
k w
f myg/ tJ'gaMumifh uGi;f jyif taejzifh rnfonfu
qif r I tm;enf ; oG m ;&wmyg/ jyK upm;oGm;rnf[k rqH;k jzwf orm;rsm; em;ae&ef t wG u f
taqmufttHrk sm;75%&mcdik Ef eI ;f cefY
aejynfawmf tm;upm;uGi;f awG &ao;aMumif; od&onf/
]]qD ; *d r f ; u Ed k i f i H w um aqmufvyk Nf y;D pD;aeNy;D taqmuf
uawmh tcktcsdefrSm NyD;oifh
oavmuf NyD;aeygNyD/ 'gNyD;wmeJY y&dowfawGvnf;vmrSmqdak wmh ttHkwpfvHk;wGif upm;orm;
hJ iG ;f udk a&G;& 480 em;cdkEdkifNyD; taqmufttHk
&efukefuuGif;awGudk qufjyif y&dowfrsm;rsm;qHrh u
oGm;rSmyg}} [k if;uajymonf/ w,f/ Oyrm-wif;epfq&kd if odrf 10 vHk;jzpfonfhtwGuf upm;
2013 qD;*dr;f wGif &efuek Nf rKd U jzLuGi;f udk a&G;vdrYk &bl;/ 'DuiG ;f u orm; 4800 em;aeEdkifaMumif;
NzdK;NzdK;
wif;epf? Muufawmif? aoewf y&dowf odyfrqhHbl;/ 'gaMumifh od&onf/
27
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
ygwDvufatmufcHr[kwfonfh v,form; tvkyform;or* zGJUpnf;rnf
tajccHynm0efxrf;vpm Mo*kwfvwGif pwifwkd;jrifhrnf

EdkifiHa&;ygwD vufatmufcHr[kwfonhf v,form;? tvkyform;or*zGJUpnf;rnfjzpfaMumif;

ol r sm;uG e f & uf (txuf j ref r mjynf ) wm0ef c H ud k a t;od e f ; u ajymonf /
or*jzpfzkdYtwGuf awmif
ol v,form;tvkyform;rsm;
Oya'ES i f h t nD zG J U pnf ; Ek d i f a &;
ndEIdif;aqG;aEG;yGJudk rEav;NrdKU
aA'goifwef;cef;r Zlvkdif 11
&ufaeYu usif;ycJhonf/
ndEIdif;aqG;aEG;yGJudk jrefrm
EkdifiH ILO ESifh qufoG,faqmif
&Gufolrsm; uGef&uf(txufjref
rmjynf)rS BuD;rSL;usi;f yjcif;jzpf Ny;D
rEav;? ppfukdif;ESifh yJcl;wkdif;
a'oBuD;rsm;rS awmifolv,f
orm; 200 ausmfwufa&muf
aqG;aEG;cJhMuaMumif; od&onf/
]]awmifolv,form;awG
v,f,majrt"rodrf;,lcH&wm
&S d w ,f / tvk y f o rm;awG
xdkufwefwJhvkyftm;c r&bl;/
tJ'grsKd;awGjzpfwJhtcgrSm wpfOD;
wpfa,mufcsi;f r[kwb
f J pkaygif;
awmif;qdzk t
Ykd zGUJ tpnf;awG vdyk g
w,f/ tJ'v
D kdtzGUJ tpnf;awGukd
udk,fwdkifyl;aygif;yg0ifNyD; zGJUMuzdkY
yg}}[k udak t;ode;f u ajymonf/
ILO ES i h f q uf o G , f a qmif
&Gufolrsm;uGef&uf (txufjref
rmjynf)taejzihf tqkdyg tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;udk yg0ifzUJG pnf;ay;rnf

r[kwb
f J tzGUJ tpnf;zGUJ &ef vdt
k yf
csufrsm;? Oya'ESifhtnD vkyf
aqmif&rnhftcsufrsm;udk ulnD
vrf;jyay;rnfjzpfaMumif; if;u
qufvufajymonf/
,cktBudrf rEav;NrdKU jyK
vkyaf om aqG;aEG;yGo
J nf 'kw,
d
tBudrjf zpfNyD; {&m0wDwikd ;f a'o
BuD;twGi;f vnf; ,ckuo
hJ Ykd tzGUJ
tpnf;zGJUpnf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;
jyKvkyfcJhonf/
A[dk0efxrf;wuodkvf enf;jyrsm;tqifh jrih fwifay;&ef

ukvESifh Oa&myor*vufatmufcHtzGJUwdkY avh vm
A[dk0efxrf;wuodkvfrsm;rS enf;jyrsm;tm; tqihfjrihf

wif a y;&ef uk v or* z G H U Nzd K ;rI t pD t pOf (UNDP) tzG J U ES i f h
Oa&mytajcpd k u f IMG tzG J U wd k Y vma&muf a vh v mrI r sm;
jyKvkyfcJhaMumif; 0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusihfa&;OD;pD;Xme Tef
Mum;a&;rS L ;csKyf OD ; a0jrif h u ajymonf /
1965 ckEpS Ef iS hf 1999 ckEpS f
rsm;up wnf a xmif u m
EkdifiH&Sd 0efxrf;rsm;tm; avh
usiyhf sK;d axmifay;aeaom jynf
axmifpk &mxl;0eftzGJUvuf
atmufcH wuodkvf ESpfckwdkY
twGuf ulnDaxmufyHhrIjyK&ef
jynfyrS ,ckuJhodkY vma&muf
avhvmrIonf yxrOD;qHk;jzpf
onf[k if;u ajymonf/
jynfytzGUJ tpnf;rsm; tyg
t0if wuov
kd rf sm;ESiAhf [d0k ef
xrf;wuodkvfwdkYtMum; yl;
aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnhf tpD
tpOfrsm; &SdvmEkdifaomfvnf;
qufvuf aqG;aEG;oGm;&rnfh
vkyfief;pOfrsm;taejzifh &SdoGm;
vdrrfh nf[k TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyf
OD;a0jrifhu qufvuf ajym
onf/
yxrtBudr?f pwkwy rkH eS f
tpnf;ta0; vTwaf wmfu,
kd f
pm;vS,fwpfOD;\ A[dk0efxrf;
wuodkvftay: pGrf;aqmif
&nf edrfhyg;aerIESifh zsufodrf;
oGm;&ef &Sdr&Sdar;jref;rI ar;cGef;
ay:aygufcJh&m if;ar;cGef;tm;
jynfaxmifpk &mxl;0eftzGJU
Ou|ud,
k w
f ikd f vTwaf wmfwiG ;f
ajz&Si;f rIEiS t
hf wl zsuo
f rd ;f oGm;
rnfr[kwfaMumif; w&m;0if
ajymqkdonf/
Ek d i f i H w um ynma&;
twdkifyifcHwpfOD;vnf;jzpfNyD;
ynma&;0efxrf;b0rS tNidrf;
pm;,lcJhol wpfOD;u EkdifiH&Sd
wuodkvfrsm;taejzifh wkd;
wufaeonhf acwfESifhavsmf
nDpGm txD;usef rqefoihf
awmhbJ EkdifiHwumESifh csdwf
qufy;l aygif;oifah Mumif;? odrYk S
om wk;d wufaeonhEf idk if rH sm;rS
enf;ynm taxmuftyHhtul
tnDrsm;&&So
d mG ;Ny;D ajymif;vJw;dk
wufrrI sm;jzpfay:vmvdrrfh nf[k
ajymonf/
vuf&dS jyefwrf;0if t&m
&Sdavmif;rsm;? jyefwrf;0ift&m
&Srd sm;? tajccHESifh wuodkvf
aumvdyfrsm;&Sd q&m? q&mr
rsm;tm; &ufow 14 ywf?
5 ywfESifh 4 ywf ponfjzihf
0efxrf;rsm; t&nftaoG;udk
jri w
hf ifay;onhf yHrk eS Ef iS hf txl;
rGr;f rHoifwef;rsm;udk wuov
kd f
ESpfck&Sd pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh avhusihf
a&;qdik &f m0efxrf; (1200) wdrYk S
wm0ef,l aqmif&Gufay;ae
aMumif; od&onf/
rif ; ok a tmif
ILO ESifh qufoG,faqmif

&Guo
f rl sm; uGe&f uf (jrefrmEdik if )H
wm0efcHOD;oufa0u ]]t"du
uawmh olwdkY&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;udk
umuG,fzdkYyg}}[k ajymonf/
xkdYtjyif OD;oufa0u if;
wdkYxHodkYawmifol 3000 ausmfrS
ajr,m{u 50000 ausmf odrf;
,lc&H onf[q
k u
dk m ulnaD jz&Si;f
ay;yg&ef vma&mufawmif;qdck NhJ y;D
ajr,m{u10000 ausmt
f wGuf
ajyvnfatmifajz&Sif;ay;EkdifcJh
ILOESifh
qufoG,faqmif&Guf
onf[kajymonf/
xkt
Yd wl &efuek Ef iS hf rEav;
NrdKUrsm;&Sd pufHk? tvkyfHkrsm;wGif
vnf; vkyftm;cwkd;jrihfay;&ef
qE x k w f a zmf a wmif ; qd k r I r sm;
jzpfymG ;cJNh y;D xdo
k aYkd om tajctae
rsKd;wGif wpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;
xuf tzGUJ tpnf;jzifh vkyaf qmif
jcif;u ydkrdkaumif;rGefaMumif;
ajymonf/
armif w m
tajccH y nma&;0ef x rf ; rsm;\ vpmud k Mo*k w f v rS

pwif u m wk d ; jr i h f j yif q if o wf r S w f a y;oG m ;rnf [ k ynma&;
0ef B uD ; XmerS tBuD ; wef ; t&m&S d u ajymonf /
pGr;f aqmif&nfjrifrh m;Ny;D vlrI eJY tnD EkdifiHawmfu MunhfNyD;
pD;yGm; tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vm csD;jrihfay;rSmudk 0rf;omygw,f}}
ap&eftwGuf aqmif&u
G jf cif;jzpf [k olUtjrifudk ajymonf/
vpmEIe;f xm;rsm; tygt0if
onfh tpDtpOft& &mxl;ESifh
Y yfomG ;rnfh &mxl;rsm;
vpmtqifrh sm;tvdu
k f wd;k jri jhf yif wk;d jrichf eft
qifowfrSwfay;rIwGif tm;vHk; twG u f jynf a xmif p k 0 ef B uD ; ?
udkr[kwfbJ a&G;cs,frIjzifhom 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;ESifh wm0ef&dSol
G rf nf jzpfNyD;
Mo*kwfvESifh pufwifbmvrsm; rsm;rS pdppfaqmif&u
wGif vkyfaqmifay;oGm;rnf[k NrKd Ue,fynma&;rSL;rsm;tm; vuf
if;u ajymonf/
axmufeT Mf um;a&;rSL; tqifo
h Y kd
wk;d jri afh y;oGm;rnhf tpDtpOf wkd;jrihfjcif;udkvnf; yl;wGJaqmif
t& tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf &GufoGm;rnf[k od&onf/
wpfOD;\ vpmrSm tajccHusyf
ynma&; 0efBuD;Xme pm&if;
wpfoed ;f odYk a&muf&o
Sd mG ;rnfjzpf rsm;t& tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf
NyD; rlvwef;ausmif;tkyw
f pfO;D \ 2231 OD;? rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf
vpmrSmtajccHvpmusyf 59000 36168 OD;ESihf rlvwef;jy q&mr
ESifh rlvwef;jywpfOD;\ vpm 60000 wkdY&dSonf/
rSm usyf 53000 tajccHtjzpf
vuf&Sd rlvwef;jy wpfOD;
odYk toD;oD; cHpm; &&dv
S rd rhf nf[k \ tajccHvpmrSm usyf 47000?
od&onf/
rlvwef; ausmif;tky\
f vpmrSm
]]0ef x rf ; awG & J U t&nf usyf 53000 ESifh tv,fwef;
taoG;awGukd pdppfNy;D wk;d jri afh y; ausmif; tkyv
f pmrSm tajccHusyf
oifw
h hJ 0efxrf;awGukd pwif wk;d 59000 &&daS eNy;D 0efxrf;rsm;tm;
jrihaf y;oGm;rSmyg}} [k 'kwd,0ef wdk;jrifhay;cJhonfhtydkaqmif;aiG
BuD; OD;at;MuLu ajymonf/
usyf 30000 ESit
hf wly;l wGJ cHpm;&
&efuek Nf rKd Uay:&dS ynma&; 0ef aMumif; od&onf/
xrf;wpfO;D u ]],aeYacwfumv
rif ; ok a tmif
tcGih fta&; awmif;qkdol vkyfom;tcsdKU tvkyfxkwfcH&rIrsm;&Sdae

vkyfom;tcGifhta&; tjynfht0&vdkrItwGuf qEjyawmif;qdkrIwGifyg0ifaom tvkyform;acgif;aqmifESifh tvkyform;rsm;

tm; puf H k t vk y f & S i f t csd K Uu tvk y f r S x k w f y ,f j cif ; rsm;&S d a eaMumif ; a&S U aeOD ; aX;u ajymonf /
]]qE j ywJ h txJ r S m ygwJ h
acgif;aqmifeJY tvkyform;ESpf
a,mufudk taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;
jyNyD; ESpfa,mufudk tvkyfxkwf
w,f/ wpfa,mufudk wGifcHk
tqifhuae oefY&Sif;a&;qdkNyD;
ajymif ; vd k u f w ,f } }[k if ; u
pufHk wpfHkrS vkyfom;wdkY\
tajctaeudk ajymonf/
,if;pufo
kH nf ar 31 &uf
aeYwGif tvkyform;rsm; tajc
cHvpmwd;k jrijfh cif;ESihf ywfouf
qEjyawmif;qdrk rI sm; jyKcJjh cif;jzpf
qEjyrIwiG f yg0ifaom tvkyf
orm;rsm;tm; enf;trsdK;rsdK; jzifh
tvkyfxkwfypf&ef BudK;pm;ae
aMumif; tvkyo
f rm;rsm;\ ajym
Mum;csuft& od&onf [k a&SU
aeOD;aX;u ajymonf/
vuf&SdwGif tvkyfxkwfcH
&aom tvkyform;ESpfOD;ESifh &m
xl;tqifEh rdS chf &H aomtvkyo
f rm;
wdkYu tvkyform; zGJUpnf;yHk
Oya'enf; Oya'\ yk ' fr 44
(C)t& tvky&f iS t
f m; w&m;Oy
a't& ta&;,lay;&ef NrKd Ue,fnd
EIdif;jzefajza&;Hk;odkYwdkifMum;xm;
tqdyk g Oya'yk'rf 44(C)
t& tvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;
wpf&yf\ vIy&f mS ;rIukd aqmif&u
G f
&ef tvkyo
f rm; tzGUJ tpnf; wpf
ckwiG f tzGUJ 0iftjzpf yg0ifjcif; odUk
r[kwf oydwaf rSmuf&mwGif yg0if
aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh tvkyf
orm;wpfO;D tm; tvkyrf S xkwf
ypfjcif;rjyK&ay/ ,if;yk'rf 44(C)
yg wm;jrpfcsufudk tvkyf&SifrS
azmufzsufusL;vGefygu usyf
wpfodef; xufrydkaom 'PfaiG
jzpf a p? wpf E S p f x uf r yd k a om
axmif 'Pfjzpfap uscH&rnfjzpf
aMumif; tvkyform; zGJUpnf;yHk
Oya' enf;Oya'pmtkyw
f iG f azmf
jyxm;onf/
a&Gjynfom pufrIZkef &Sd
pufHkwpfHkwGifvnf; tajccH
tvkyform;zGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh ywf
ouf tvky&f iS u
f ,if; tzGJU
acgif;aqmifukd tvkyrf S xkwyf pf
cJhaMumif; tvkyfxkwfcH&olu
ajymonf/
]]uReaf wmfwu
Ykd 'DpufkH rSm
nDtpfukd ESpaf ,muf tvkyv
f yk f
wm?tck tvkyo
f rm; tzGUJ zGUJ cJw
h hJ
uReaf wmhu
f akd wmhtaqmifrmS nD
tpfukd ESpaf ,mufrae&bl;qdw
k hJ
ol w d k Y p d w f B ud K uf xk w f a ewJ h
pnf;urf;csuftopfeJY uRefawmhf
udk tvkyx
f w
k yf pfw,f/ tvkyf
orm;tzGUJ tpnf;xJrmS rygwJh uRef
awmfhnDudkawmh tvkyf rxkwf
bl;}}[k if;u ajymonf/
,if;uJo
h Ykd tvky&f iS f tvkyf
orm;cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;? tvkyf
xkwjf cif;rsm;onf jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f
EdkifiHwum Oya'ESifhavsmfnD
aom tvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;zGUJ
pnf;cGihf ILO Convention No87 ESit
hf wl vGwv
f yfpmG pnf;H;k
cGifhESifh pkaygif;ta&;qkdcGifh ILO
Convention No-154 udy
k g wpfyg
wnf; jy|mef;ay;&efvt
kd yfaejcif;
aMumifhjzpfonf[k Oya'twdkif
yifcHOD;zdk;jzLu ajymonf/
{y&,f O D ;
tvkyform;wdkY\jyem vufawGUajz&Sif;&mwGif tcuftcJrsm;&Sdaeao;[k cHkorm"d aumifpD0if ajym

e,l;ZDvefEdkifiHrS ynm&Sif\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk avhvmcGifh&cJhaomfvnf;? tvkyform;jyemrsm;udk vufawGU uGif;qif;

ajz&S i f ; &mwG i f tcuf t cJ r sm; BuH K awG U ae&qJ j zpf a Mumif ; cH k o rm"d a umif p D 0 if tvk y f o rm;ud k , f p m;vS , f u ajymonf /
]]tvkyo
f rm;ESihf tvky&f iS f vnf;jzpfol Mr.James Ross rsm;udk tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;cJh ajymonf/
awGu vuf&Sd wnfqJ Oya' Wilson onf jrefrmEdik if \
H tjrifh aMumif; od&onf/
if;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif tvkyf
awGudk vdkufemjcif;r&Sdbl;/ uRef qH;k tvkyo
f rm;a&;&m tzGUJ tpnf;
]]jrefrmEdik if rH mS jzpfay:aewJh orm; 0efBuD;Xme 'kw,
d 0efBuD;
awmf w d k Y u vnf ; w&m;H k ; vd k jzpfaom cHkorm"d aumifpD0if tvk y f o rm; y#d y u a wG u d k OD;jrifhodef;u tzGifhtrSmpum;
tqHk;tjzwftmPmay;Edkifjcif; rsm;ESihf &efuek w
f ikd ;f &efuif;NrKd Ue,f atmifjrifpmG ajz&Si;f Edik zf ?Ykd Oya' ajymMum;cJhNyD; cHkorm"daumifpD
r&Sad wmh tcuftcJBuHK&ygw,f}} tvkyform;oifwef;ausmif; a&;&mvkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; ydkrdk 0ifrsm;? cHkorm"d tzGJU0ifrsm;?
[k ,if;udk,fpm;vS,f OD;&JEdkif Zlvikd v
f 10 &ufaeYu awGUqHck hJ uRrf;usifpGm vkyfaqmifEdkfifzdkYESifh &efukefNrdKUESifh yJcl;NrdKU tygt0if
0if;u ajymonf/
onf/
cHkorm"dtzGJUawG&JU qHk;jzwfcsuf NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;rS ndEdIif;jzefajz
e,l;ZDvefEik d if rH S tvkyo
f rm;
tqd k y g awG U qH k y G J w G i f awGudk Oya'ESifhtnD jzpfapzdkY a&; tzGUJ twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tm;vH;k
acgif;aqmifa[mif;wpfOD;vnf; tvkyo
f rm;qdik &f m Oya'rsm;ESihf &nf&G,fNyD; aqG;aEG;yGJudk vkyfcJh pkpkaygif; av;q,fcefY wuf
jzpftjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyfo if;BuHKawGUcJah omtjynfjynfqikd f wmyg}}[k cHkorm"daumifpD0if a&mufcJhaMumif; od&onf/
rm;tzGJU (ILO) rSt&m&Sd wpfOD; &mrS tvkyo
f rm;y#dyujyem tpdk;& udk,fpm;vS,f wpfOD;u
jynh f N zd K ;
28
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
kyf&SifZmwfum;aMumifh
jynfywGif vlodrsm;vmwJh
atmifol&
pifumyl a[majymyJG zdwfMum;cH&

pufwifbmvtwGif;pifumyl 2&ufMumusif;yrnfh
jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;ESihf
ywf o uf a[majym&ef Thura Swiss uk r P D
'gd k u f w m OD ; atmif o l & tm; zd w f M um;xm;
ch J a Mumif ; od & onf /
if;taejzifh Zlvdkifv 12 &ufaeYwGif
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfudkif&ef jrefrmEkdifiHodkY
jyefvnfa&muf&aSd eNyD; qGpZf mvef owif;pm
wGif if;\ ky&f iS Zf mwfum;taMumif; azmfjycH
&NyD;aemuf xdkuJhoYdk qufoG,frIrsm;&&dSvm
cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]qGpZf mvefrmS &dw
S hJ a&SUaetoif;
u trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufu qufoG,f
vmw,f/ olwkdYuvmr,fh 2013 rwfv
rSm qGpZf mvefrmS xdyw
f ef;a&SUaeawG tukev
f ;kH
awGUqHkNyD; a[majymyJGvkyfr,f/ tJ'Da[majymyJGrSm
xl;cRefwm vkyfcJhzl;wJh vlawGtm;vHk;u olwkdY&JUb0
taMumif;awGudk a&SUaeawGtm;usNy;D ydNk y;D BudK;pm;vm
atmif a [majym&rS myg}} [k if ; u ajymonf/
Mo*kwfwGif pifumylwGifusif;yrnhf Oil & Gas Conference wGif yg0ifa[majym&ef zdwfMum;cHxm;&NyD;
pufwifbmv Myanmar Investment Congress
udk pifumylwGif 2 &ufMumusif;yrnf jzpfonf/
if;taejzifh yxraeYwGif a[majym&rnfjzpfum
'kw,
d aeYwiG f a[majymyJ\
G Ou|tjzpf aqmif&u
G Nf y;D
jrefrmEkid if \
H Stock Exchange Capital Market rsm;?
aemufydkif; rnfokdYjzpfvmrnfqkdonfudk a[majym
oGm;rnf[k od&onf/
Myanmar Investment Congress wGif
&ef&efcsef; bmoma&; wkdufcdkufrI rvkyfch J

[pf a [mh y f tqd k a wmf & ef & ef c sef ; u vl r I a &;uG e f & uf

azh p f b G w f r sm; bmoma&;wk d u f c k d u f r I r sm;ud k jyKvk y f c J h j cif ;
r&d S [k jiif ;qk d vdkufonf/
&ckdifjynfe,f jzpfyGm;cJh
,ckESpf Zlvdkif 14 &ufaeY
aom ud p E S i f h p yf v sOf ; onh f wGif DJ. KGK u if;xHodkY
pmrsm;udk if;\ "mwfyEkH iS w
hf uG zkef;quf azhpfbGwfrsm;wGif
wJzG uf tifwmeufazhpb
f w
G f ,if;uJhokdY jzpfaeonfudk ajym
pmrsufESmrsm; azmfjyjcif;ukd vmaMumif;? if;u r[kwfrrSef
f w
G af y:wGijf yefvnf
rormoltcsKdUu jyKvkyfcJh&m aMumif;azhpb
trsm;jynf o l y&d o wf w k d Y u a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; wpfzufrS
,HMk unfrrd nfukd pd;k &dr
f if;u &yfwefYroGm;bJ ydkyifjyKvkyf
xdu
k o
hJ jYkd iif;qkv
d u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf/ vmcJah Mumif;tqdak wmf&ef&efcse;f
]]uRefawmhfoli,fcsif;ae u ajymonf/
bke;f vwftusO;f urvGwcf ifwek ;f
]]pdk;&drfwmu oli,fcsif;
u olUemrnfudk vufz0g;rSm wcsKdU 0ifNyD; like vkyfxm;w,f/
a&;Ny;D vkycf MhJ uwJh "mwfyakH wGukd eD;pyfwJholawGu like vkyfxm;
olwkdYu jyefjyifxm;Muwmyg/ w,f/ rodwJholawG &dSvmEdkif
bmoma&; t"dukPf;jzpfzdkY w,f/ ywf0ef;usifudk ul;puf
t"duolwkdYvkyfwmyg/ uRef oGm;Edkifw,f/ tJh'Dvdk jzpfrSmudk
awmf vkyfw,fqkdwmukdr,Hk pdk;&drfwmyg/ r,HkMuzdkY ajymcsifyg
MunfMuzdyYk g}}[kif;uajymonf/ w,f}} [k tqdkawmf&ef&efcsef;
u ajymonf/
azhpb
f w
G rf sm;wifxm;aom
if;\ tcsKdU "mwfyHkrsm;rSm if;
udk,fwkdifyif rodaom tvS
"mwfyHkrsm;vnf; yg0ifaMumif;
,ckEpS f Zlvikd v
f 16 &ufaeYtxd
tifwmeufay:wGifa&muf&dSae
aom zefwD;jyKvkyfcsuf ta&
twGufrSm 4 ck? 5ckcefYyif&dSae
NyDjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,if;udpE iS hf ywfouf Zl
vdkifv 16 &ufaeYrGef;vJG 1
em&DwGif Park Royal Hotel
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJw
G pf&yfjyKvkyf
cJhonf/
wufvl
ESif;qDtzGJUESifhtwl vef'efrSm ukodkvfjyKcJhwJh

rkd;,kpH&JUarG;aeYtvSL
"mwfy-kH rd;k ,kpaH zhbw

G rf S
ESif;qDtzGJUESifhtwl t*Fvef? *smreD? jyifopf? 'def;rwf

EkdifiHrsm;odkY azsmfajza&;oGm;a&mufaeonhf rkd;,kpHu Zlvkdif
11 &ufwGifusa&mufaom olr\ 21 ESpfjynhfarG;aeYudk
vef ' ef w G i f j zwf o ef ; cJ h o nf /
arG;aeYtvSLtjzpf vef'efNrKd U omoe&Ho0D [
d m&ausmif;wku
d f
rS q&mawmfO;D Ow&trSL;jyKaom oHCmawmfrsm;udq
k rG ;f qufuyf
vSL'gef;cJo
h nf/ arG;aeYuw
d u
f rkd l ESi;f qDtzGUJ om;rsm;? y&dowfrsm;
ckid af 0vGif
ESifhtwlcGJ aysmf&TifpGmqifETJcJhaMumif;od&onf/
tonf;cGJoltjzpf jrifMuayr,fh
uRefawmf tonf;uGJaewmyg [k
qkad w; zGihf[
tonf;cGJolwpfa,muftjzpf xifjrifEkdif
aomfvnf; wu,fawmh olom tonf;uGJ
ae&wmygqkdonhf qkdaw;u 'kwd,ajcvSrf;
tjzpf ]r*F v myg qd k a w;}ud k pD p Of a eNyD j zpf
aMumif ; od & onf / ]rD ; td r f & S i f } tacG
atmif j rif r I E S i f h ywf o uf NyD ; qk d a w;u..
]]uRefawmfocD sif;acGukd vufzuf&nfqidk rf mS
oGm;Ny;D zGichf idk ;f &w,f/ uReaf wmfqw
dk ,fvYdk b,fol
rSr,HkMubl;/ [efxGef; tacGtopfxGufwmvdkY
xifMuw,f/ bmyJajymajym olwkYdBudKufoGm;NyD
qdkawmh uRefawmfaemuf xyfqufoGif;vkdY&vm
w,f/ oDcsif;yk'af &rsm;vmwmeJt
Y rQ xDonfawG
rSm zGiv
hf mw,f/ t&ifwek ;f u tqdak wmfrf vkycf if
0efxrf;vkyfw,f/ pm;aomufqdkifa&m? zuf&Sif
qkid af wGa&m vkyzf ;l w,f/ uRefawmhrf b
d udpk w
d x
f J
rSmxm;NyD;vkyfwJhtwGuf atmifjrifrI&w,fvkdYyJ
xifw,f}}[k ajymonf/ City Mart u usi;f yaom
qkdaw;pwkdifvf?qdkaw;yHpk w
H El iS q
hf adk w; Selection
oDcsi;f oDqNdk yKd ifyu
JG dkvnf; usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
]]tckqdk&if *DwwHcg;av;zGifhygOD;rSmvnf;
uRefawmhfoDcsif;awGqkdMuw,f/ udk,fawmif
rvkyfEkdifwJhtoH? udk,frvkyfEkdifwJh performance
awGolwkdY vkyfjyEkdifwmawGU&awmh udk,fawmif
yg;pyfta[mif;om;eJY tHhMoae&w,f/ 'DoDcsif;
wpfy'k f jzpfvmzdq
Yk w
kd mtrsm;BuD; BudK;pm;&ygw,f/
yifyef;ygw,f}}[k if;uqdkonf/
0ef
ay:jyLvme,l;pfodkh
aMumfjimxnfUoGif;vdkolrsm;
qufoG,f&ef
trSwf150^160?35vrf;(tv,f)?
ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,f?&efukef/
zkef; - 377482? 372833? 249165
30
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
kyfoHwnf;jzwfrIqdkif&m 'Dyvdkrmoifwef; MMDC wGif wufa&mufEdkifNyD

kyfoHwnf;jzwfrIqdkif&m 'Dyvdkrmoifwef;tm; Myanmar Media Development Centre

wGifwufa&mufoifMum;EdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;Zlvdkifv 15 &ufaeYu Junction Square
usif ; yonf h if ; oif w ef ; zG i f h y G J t crf ; tem;rS od & onf /
(MMDC)
xdk MMDC oifwef;ausmif;

tm; Forever Group ukrPDESifh
twl Asia Pacific Institute For
Broadcasting Development,
DW Akademic tjyif FriedrichEbert-Stiftung wdr
Yk S yl;aygif;yg0if
aqmif&GufMujcif;jzpfNyD; ,if;
'Dyvdrk moifwef; kyo
f v
H iT jhf cif;
qdkif&mtwwfynm? uifr&m
udik w
f ,
G f u
kd u
f ;l yHt
k ,ltq enf;
ynmrsm;? tifwmAsL;enf;pepf
rsm;? vlrIqufqHa&;enf;AsL[m
rsm;tjyif rD',
D mvkyif ef; toH;k cs
twwfynmrsm;pGmudyk g oifMum;
ydcYk say;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]oifwef; umv 10 vNy;D
oGm;&if MRTV-4 eJY qufpyfyk o
f H
vdik ;f awGrmS tvkyo
f iftjzpf vkyf
udkifcdkif;rSmyg/ vkyfief;cGiftawGU
tBuHKawGuykd g wpfygwnf;&oGm;
apcsiw
f ,f/ 'Doifwef;udk pwkw
r@dKiftwGuf t&nftaoG;rDNy;D
tm;ud;k &wJo
h al wG ay:aygufvm
yJcl;Mucwf0dkif; pmoifwdkuftwGif; taqmufttHktcsdKU jyKjyif&eftwGuf

"r'ge yg0ifEdkif
yJ c l ; Nrd K Ue,f ? oG e f ; bk & m;

BuD ; &yf u G u f ? Mucwf 0 d k i f ;
y&d,wdpmoifwdkuf twGif;&Sd
taqmuf t tH k t csd K UjyKjyif & m
wGif "r'ge yg0ifMu&ef Mu
cwf0dkif;ausmif; tusdK;awmf
aqmif u EI d ; aqmf x m;onf /
pmoifwu
kd t
f wGi;f &Sd &mjynfh
"rmHBk uD;\ aqG;ajrah eaom opf
om;Murf;cif;rsm;wGiaf <ujym;topf
cif;jcif;? qGrf;csufaqmiftopf
MMDC oifwef;ausmif;tm; avhvmMunf
h aI eaom jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D OD;ausmq
f ef; aqmufvkyfjcif;? qGrf;csuf{nfh
onfrsm;twGuf em;aeaqmif
apcsifvdkYzGifhvSpfcJhwmyg}} [k
Forever Group ukrPDrSm
f m) wpfv;kH aqmufvyk jf cif;
Forever Group ukrPDrS CEO
jrefrmjynf\ yxrqHk; wpfOD; (&dyo
ES
i
h
f
qG
r;f csu{f nfo
h nfrsm;twGuf
OD;0if;armfu ajymMum;cJhonf/
wnf; yk*vdu kyfoHvTifhcGifh&&Sd
MMDC oifwef;wGif 10 v
xm;aom ukrP
jD zpfNyD; MMDC trsdK;om;oefYpifcef; ig;vHk;ESifh
Mum 'Dyvdkrm oifwef;tjyif rS Diploma in TV BroadcastwpfvcefY oifMum;rnfh Taste ing oifwef;tjyif aemufyikd ;f wGif
of TV Training oif w ef ; ud k y g
a&'D,dkxkwfvTifhjcif; enf;ynm
oifMum;ydkYcsvsuf&Sdonf/ 'Dyvdk &yfrsm;ESihf yHEk ydS rf 'D ,
D moifwef;rsm;
rmoifwef;tm; wpfEpS v
f Qif 0if udyk g zGiv
hf pS o
f ifMum;oGm;&ef &nf
cGifhESpfBudrfac:,loGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &G,x
f m;aMumif; ,if;oifwef;\
oifwef;aMu; odef; 20 ukefus wm0ef&Sdolu ajymMum;oGm;cJh &efuek ?f Zlvidk f 16
ruf p f j ref r muk r P D t k y f p k
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
onf/
okwvif;
OD ; aqmif r I j zih f {&m0wD w k d i f ;
a'oBuD ; a&Munf N rd K Ue,f E S i f h
usKH a ysmf N rd K Ue,f r S awmif o l
v,f o rm;rsm;tm; rk d ; pyg;
pdkufp&dwfacs;aiGusyf 2'or
5 bDvsHukd 1 &mckid Ef eI ;f twd;k
EIef;jzihf xkwfacs;ay;cJhonf/
rufpfjrefrmukrPDtkyfpkESifh
a'ocHp;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Siw
f Ykd yl;
aygif;aom a&Munfqefpyg;t
xl;jyKukrPDESifh jrpf0uRef;ay:
(usKaH ysm)f qefpyg; txl;jyKukrP
D
wkdYu xdkNrdKUe,fESpfckrS awmifol
v,form;rsm;tm; rkd;pyg;pdkuf
p&dwfacs;aiGusyf 2 'or 5
bDvst
H m; twd;k EIe;f 1 &mcdik Ef eI ;f
2009-2010 ynmoif E S p f 39 OD;ESifh ausmif;ol 51 OD;wkdY jzifhxkwfacs;ay;cJhonf/
wuov
kd 0f if pmar;yJaG jzqko
d nhf twGuf aeYwufpmoif? pmusuf
{&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;wGif
ausmif;om;ausmif;ol OD;a& 24 cef;rrsm;jzifh zGifhvSpfoifMum; qefpyg;txl;jyK ukrP
Drsm;tm;
OD;teuf atmifjrifol 4 OD;? ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ausmif;ol? 2008 ckESpfrS pwifzGJUpnf;
2010-2011 ynmoif E S p f ausmif;om;rsm;twGupf moifcef; awmifolrsm;tm; pdkufp&dwfacs;
wuov
k d 0f ifwef;pmar;yJaG jzqko
d nhf rsm;tjyif uGeyf sLwmESihf pmMunhf aiGrsm;udk twk;d EIe;f 2 &mckid Ef eI ;f
ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol OD;a& cef;? vufryI nmcef; wku
Yd v
kd nf;
64 OD;teuf atmifjrifol 12 jyifqifxm;ay;umabmf'gaqmif
OD;ESih f 2011-2012ynmoifEpS w
f iG f ae ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;
wuodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJ ajz twGufudkrl pm;aomufaexkdif
qko
d nhf ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol a&;ESifh oifaxmuful ypn;f rsm;
OD;a& 68 OD;teuf atmifjrifol udyk g xl; azmifa';&Si;f rS yHyh ;kd ulnD
25 OD;&dScJhaMumif; od&onf/
ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
xl;azmifa';&Sif; taejzihf
em*pfrkefwkdif; jzpfay:cJhNyD;
2012-13 ynmoifESpftwGuf ta&;ay: u,f q ,f a &;ES i h f
abmf'gaqmifae ausmif;om; jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;
18 OD;? ausmif;ol 22 OD;wdkY aqmif&u
G &f eftwGuf 2008 ckEpS f
tm; ausmif ; td y f a usmif ; pm; twGi;f xl;azmifa';&Si;f tm; pwif
vufcHxm;NyD; ylwmtkdNrdKU teD; zJUG pnf;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/
pH a usmf
tem;0ef;usifrS ausmif;om;
trsd K ;orD ; oef Y p if c ef ; ig;vH k ;

aqmufvyk jf cif;wdt
Yk wGuf "r'ge
jyKEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
Mucwf0dkif; y&d,wdpmoif
wdu
k w
f iG f pmoifpmcsoC
H mawmf
tyg; 550ausmf oDwif;oH;k vsuf
P.P
&So
d nf/
a&MunfESifhusKHaysmfrS awmifolrsm;tm; rkd;pyg;pdkufp&dwf

usyf 2 'or 5 bDvsH axmufyh H
xl;azmifa';&Si;f abmf'gaqmifrS wuovkd 0f ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonfh ausmif;om;?

ausmif;olrsm;tm; qkcsD;jrifhyJG usif;y
ucsif j ynf e ,f yl w mtk d

Nrd K U 'k w e f & yf u G u f & d S xl ;
azmif a ';&S i f ; rS zG i f h v S p f x m;
a o m w u o d k v f 0 i f w e f ;
ynm'gepmoif0dkif;rSynmoif
ESpf oHk;ESpfwm umvtwGif;
atmifjrifoGm;cJhMuonhf
ausmif ; om;? ausmif ; ol r sm;
udk ynm&nfcRefqk csD;jrijhf cif;
tcrf;tem;tm; ,ckv 12
&uf u yl w mtd k N rd K U jyKvk y f
usif ; ycJ h o nf /
tqd k y g tcrf ; tem;wG i f
2009-2010 ynmoif E S p f r S
pwif 2011-2012 ynm
oifEpS f oH;k ESpw
f mumv twGi;f
atmifjrifcMhJ uonhf ausmif;om;?
ausmif ; ol 41 OD ; tm; qk
wHqdyfESifh qkaiGusyf wpfodef;pD
tjyif *kPfxl;&bmomtwGuf
qkaiGusyif g;aomif;tm;ynm&nf
cRefqt
k jzpfcsD;jrichf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/
xl ; azmif a ';&S i f ; taeES i f h
ucsifjynfe,f ylwmtdkNrdKUe,f
wGif 2009-2010 ynmoifEpS rf S
pwifNy;D wuov
kd 0f ifwef; ynm
'ge pmoif0dkif;rsm;udk &efukefrS
q&m? q&mrrsm;udk apvTwf
oif M um;ay;cJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf /
Sony
&efuek ?f Zlvidk f
jzifx
h w
k af cs;cJah omfvnf; ,ckEpS f
wGifrl twdk;EIef; 1 &mcdkifEIef;odkY
avQmhcsay;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
]]rESpfu qefpyg;txl;jyK
ukrPD 28 cku twkd; 2 usyf
eJx
Y w
k af cs;w,f/ jyefrqyfEidk Mf u
wmursm;vkdY 'DESpfawmh ukrPD
10 ckuyJ xkwaf cs;Ekid af wmhw,f/
'DrmS 'DEpS rf ;kd pyg;twGuf pdu
k pf &dwf
odef;aygif; 3 aomif;ausmfoGm;
NyDvYdk od&w,f}}[k a&Munfqef
pyg; txl;jyKukrPD 'gdkufwm

OD;rsKd;GefYu qdkonf/
a&MunfESifhusKHaysmfNrdKUe,f
rsm;&Sd awmiforl sm;tm; pdu
k pf &dwf
wpf{uvQif ig;aomif;EIe;f owf
rSwNf y;D pdu
k pf &dwaf iGom; 3aomif;?
oGif;tm;pkp&dwf? "mwfajrMoZm
1 aomif;ESifh&dwfodrf;csdeftrD
&dwo
f rd ;f p&dww
f pfaomif;axmufyh H
oGm;rnf[k od&onf/
ausmf & J v if ;
\ aemufqkH;ay:enf;ynmokH;ypnf;rsm; rdwfqufyGJ usif;y
17
Sony Technology rd w f q uf & S i f ; vif ; yG J tcrf ; tem;uk d

Zlvkdifv 17 &ufaeYu &efukefNrdKU Strand Hotel usif;ycJh
onf /
tqkyd grdwq
f ufyw
JG iG f Sony qkid &f m Camera rsm;ESihf qufpyf
\ aemufqkH;ay: enf;ynmopf ypnf;rsm; AD'D,kdrSwfwrf;wif
rsm;jzpfaom kyf&Sifkduful;a&; uif r &mrsm;? Projector rsm;?
vkyif ef;ok;H Cinealta Series HD kyf&SifkHokH; HD 4K Digital CinDigital Camera rsm;? kyfoHykdif;
ema rsm;\ enf;ynmrsm;? aq;
ko
H ;Hk aq;ynm&yfqidk &f m Medical Product rsm;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;
vkyif ef;ok;H HD IP Surveillance
Camera rsm;ponfh ukefypnf;
opfrsm; taMumif;ukd rdwq
f ufchJ
onf/
tqkyd g Sony \ aemufq;Hk
ay: enf;ynmjrifh ypnf;rsm;ukd
0,f,lvkdygu SONY official
warranty jzifh TMW enterprise
Limited \ SONY showroom
rsm;ESifh Dealer BuD;rsm;xHwGif
0,f,l&&SdEkdifonf/ tu,f
SONY Professional Camera
rsm;ESifhywfouf tao;pdwf
od&Sdvkdygu zkef;-01-546006?
01-245311 ESifh 09-7309
8118 wkdYokdY qufoG,fpkHprf;Ekdif
onf/
P.News
31
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
Win & S.P.A.M
um;ta&mif;pifwm zGifhvSpf
qHauom zefwD;rI jyyGJ usif;y

rS zGiv
hf pS af om Win & S.P.A. M um;
ta&mif;pifwmzGifhyJGudk Hotel Yangon teD;&dS trSwf-87? jynfvrf;? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,fwGif
Zlvdkifv 15 &ufaeY eHeuf 8 em&Du usif;ycJhonf/
Win & Sann Pwint Aung Myin Services Co.,ltd.
,if;zGihfyJG tcrf;tem;udk
yxryk*vdubPf Ou| OD;pdef
armif? UMFCCI Ou| OD;0if;
a t m i f ? UMFCCI ' k O u |
OD;aZmfrif;0if;? Win & S.P.A.M rS
Executive Director OD;at;vGif?
At arl Co.,Ltd., Japan rS President Mr. Hideki YOKOYAMA ESifh
KD Power Co.,Ltd., The Republic of Korea
rS
President
His Excellency Ban Ki Ho wdu

Yk
zGiv
hf pS af y;cJo
h nf/
]]avvHqw
GJ muae vdik pf if
uswJt
h xd vkyaf y;NyD; aps;avQmh
a&mif;ygw,f/ aemufNyD; um;rSm
ygwJh rl&if;taxmuftxm; pm
&Guf? rl&if; uDvdkrDwmawGyg od
Ekid w
f t
hJ wGuf 0,fopl w
d o
f efo
Y efY
eJY 0,fEdkifygw,f}} [k Wi &
d f
S.P.A.M rS Director OD;aomif;Eki
pdk;u ajymonf/
tqkdygta&mif;pifwmwGif
Van, Weagon, Saloon trsKd ;
tpm; um;rsm; jyoa&mif;csxm;
NyD; vufawGUMunfhI 0,f,lEkdif
k H o mru vk y f ief ; oH k ; Light
Truck, 10 bD;? 12 bD;? bwfpf
um;rsm;udkvnf; rSm,lwifoGif;
ay;aMumif; od&onf/
P.News
qHauomxde;f odr;f rI wHqyd w

f pfckjzpfaom Sunsilk rS qHauomzefwD;rIjyyGJ (The Biggest
Hair Show in 2012) udk Zlvi
dk f 12 &ufaeYu GT-R Bar usif;ycJo
h nf/
tqdkygjyyGJwGif emrnfBuD;
Ms.Vilaiporn Sirinapapant rS
qHauomzefw;D &Sirf sm;\ qHau
qHauomzefw;D &Sirf sm;udt
k rSwf
omzefwD;rIrsm;udk emrnfBuD;
w&qkwq
H yd v
f ufaqmifrsm; ay;
armf',frsm;\ tvStyrsm;jzihf
tyfcNhJ y;D 0wfp'kH ZD idk ef mrsm;udv
k nf;
wifqufjyocJhonf/
trSww
f &yef;pnf;rsm;ay;tyfco
h J nf/
qHauomzefwD;&Sifrsm; t
{nhfonfrsm;xJrSm acgif;
aejzifhvnf; aumhvfaw;ygwD?
tpajctqH;k pwkid t
f usqH;k wpf
vkyfief;cGifyGJrsm;ESifh txl;yGJrsm;
OD;udk a&G;cs,fNyD; Sunsilk trSwf
J rsK;d rsK;d ESiv
fh u
dk zf uf
ponfjzifh yGt
w&vufaqmif ay;tyfcJhonf/
nD a prnh f qH a uomzef w D ; rI
<ua&mufvmolrsm;taejzifv
h nf;
trsKd;rsKd;udk zefwD;wifqufjyo
Sunsilk Hair Check aumifwm
cJo
h nhftjyif Sunsilk \ aqmif
rsm;wGif qHauom prf;oyfrrI sm;
yk'ftwkdif;ig;BudrfavQmfHkjzifh qH
jyKvkyfcJhMuNyD; Sunsilk Brand
auomudak ysmhaysmif;acsmarGUap
Ambassadors rsm;rS qHauom
Ekid o
f nfuv
kd ufawGUodjrifco
hJ nf/
jyemtoD;oD;twGuf toifh
qH a uomjyyG J t NyD ; wG i f
awmfqHk;acgif;avQmf&nfrsm;udk
Sunsilk \ Brand Manager
vrf;Tefay;cJhonf/
P.News
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
a&TESih f o,HZmw wefzdk;jri fh xkwfukefrsm;pifwm &efukefESih f ref;wGif zGih frnf

a&TESifho,HZmwypnf;rsm;tm; wefzdk;jrihfxkwfukeftjzpfjyKvkyf a&mif;csay;oGm;rnfhpifwmudk &efukefESifh rEav;NrdKUrsm;wGif

yxrOD ; qH k ; zG i f h v S p f o G m ;&ef jref r mh a &T z G H U Nzd K ;wk d ; wuf a &;trsm;yd k i f u k r P D u pD p Of a eNyD j zpf a Mumif ; od & onf /
a&TEiS o
hf ,HZmwvkyif ef;rsm;
u@wk;d wuf&ef usyo
f ef;aygif;
wpfoef;jzifh rwnf&if;ES;D um wnf
axmifxm;onfh xkt
d rsm;ydik u
f rk
PDrS pifwmrsm;zGiv
hf pS rf nht
f ay:
Edik if aH wmftpd;k &? 0efBu;D Xmersm;ESihf
oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBuD; tpd;k &
tzGUJ odYk wifjyxm;Ny;D if;wdrYk S cGihf
jyKxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; ukrPDrS
wm0ef&Sdoluajymonf/
]]wefz;kd jriyhf pn;f awGjzpfwhJ
twGuf vHNk cKH a&;? 'gawGuv
kd nf;
*kpu
kd &f wmaMumihf uRefawmfwYkd
ae&ma&G;aeygNyD}}[k if;uajym
onf/
ta&mif;pifwmtjzpf wpf
ae&mwnf;wGif a&TEiS o
hf ,HZmw
ypnf;rsm; a&mif;csjcif;ESifhtwl
pD;yGm;a&;qufo,
G rf q
I idk &f m udp
&yfrsm;? owKwGif;qkdif&m aqG;
aEG;rIrsm;tygt0if yl;aygif;aqmif
&Guo
f mG ;Ekid rf nfh vkyif ef;&yfrsm;ESihf
0,f,loGm;onhf ypnf;rsm;tm;
wpfae&mwnf;tcGeu
f pd & yftyg
t0iftNyD;owf xkyfydk;o,f,l
oGm;ekid rf nhf tajctaersm;txd
aqmif&GufoGm;Edkif&ef &nf&G,f
xm;onf[k if;u qufvuf
ajymonf/
ukeo
f nf^pufrI toif;csKyf
rS pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u
2015 ckESpftwGif; tmqD,H
pD;yGm;a&;todu
k t
f 0ef;odUk jrefrm
0ifa&muf&rnfjzpf&m xku
d o
hJ Ykd a&T
ESio
hf ,HZmwypn;f rsm;wpfae&m
wnf;pka0;a&mif;csonhf pifwm
vkdtyfrnf[k rSwfcsufjyKonf/
]]'Dpifwmu uRefawmfwdkY
trsm;ydik u
f rk P
u
D vkyaf qmifwhJ
ypnf;awGudkyJ a&mif;csay;rSm
r[kwfygbl;/ owKavmu? a&T
avmuwpfckvHk;u ypnf;awG
vnf;wifNy;D a&mif;csay;rSmyg}}[k
trsm;ydkifukrPDrSwm0ef&Sdolu
ajymonf/
jrefrmhowKwiG ;f u@twGi;f
&if;ES;D jrK yfE&HS ef jynfyukrP
t
D csKUd
rS qufoG,fMu&mwGif tcuf
tcJr&Sdapa&;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif
&GufvkdMuonhf ukrPDrsm;ESifh
Ykd iG v
f nf; ,ck zGihf
csdwq
f ufrw
I w
vSpo
f mG ;rnfph ifwmu Mum;cHay;
oGm;rnf[k od&Sd&onf/
,ckwnfaxmifxm;aom
trsm;ydkifukrPDtaejzifh a&TESifh
owKtao;pm; zufpyfvkyfief;
rsm;tm; axmufual y;jcif;? yHyh ;kd
ulnDrIrsm;udkyg tqifhtvkduf
aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnfjzpfNy;D vkyif ef;
f wGi;f
pOftqift
h vku
d f wpfEpS t
vkyaf qmifrnf[u
k rk P
rD o
S &d onf/
tpk&S,f,m0ifrsm;ESifh yHhydk;
ay;oGm;Murnhf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
&SiEf iS hf bPfvyk if ef;rsm;\ trnf
pm&if;rsm;udk ZlvdkifvukefwGif
w&m;0ifaMunmay;rnfjzpfNyD;
tpkwpfpkvQif usyfwpfodef;EIef;
jzifh &S,f,ma&mif;csjcif;rsm;udk
vnf; jrefrmha&TzUHG NzdK;wk;d wufa&;
trsm;ydkifukrPDu vkyfaqmif
oGm;rnf[k od&onf/
rif ; ok a tmif ? cd k i f E G , f O D ;
acs;aiGjyeffrqyfEkdifaom awmifolrsm;\v,fajr vHk;0rodrf;[k qefpyg;vkyfief;toif;Ou| uwdjyK

qefpyg;txl;jyKukrPDrsm;taejzifh pdkufp&dwfacs;aiG jyefrqyfEdkifaomawmifolrsm;xHrS v,f,majrrsm;tm; rnfonfh

tcgrS od r f ; ,l j cif ; r&d S a p&[k jref r mh q ef p yg;vk y f i ef ; toif ; Ou | OD ; cspf c k d i f u uwd j yKajymMum;onf /
2011 ckESpftwGif; &moDO rodrf;ap&bl;/ uRefawmfvnf; xm;Ny;D jzpfonf[k {&m0wDwidk ;f NyD; 80 &mckid Ef eI ;f atmufom jyef
wkrrSefjcif;? oD;ESHtxGufEIef; rodrf;bl;/ wjcm;ukrPD (qef a'oBuD; 0efBuD;csKyf OD;odef; vnf&&dSaom ukrPD 6 ck &dS
avsmu
h sjcif;ESihf oD;ESaH y:csed f 0,f pyg;txl;jyKukrPD) awGvnf; atmif\ rdecYf eG ;f xJwiG f yg&do
S nf/ aMumif; od&onf/
aps;avsmh e nf ; jcif ; wk d Y a Mumif h rodrf;ap&bl;/ vdktyfvm&if {&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBuD;wGif qef
jref r mEk d i f i H w G i f qef p yg;
awmiforl sm;xHrS qefpyg; txl; uRefawmf 0ifNyD; ndEdIif;ay;r,f/ pyg;txl;jyK ukrPD 28 ck &dSNyD; txl;jyKukrPDrsm;tm; 2008
jyKukrPDrsm;tm; ay;qyf&rnfh 'g[m wpfEdkifiHvHk;twGuf ajym zJGUpnf;qJ ukrPD 2 ckpkpkaygif; ckESpfrS pwifum xlaxmifcJhMu
pku
d pf &dwaf cs;aiG tajrmuftjrm; wm}} [k OD;cspfckdifu Zlvdkifv qefpyg; txl;jyKukrPD 30 &dS NyD; 2009 ckESpf rdk;pyg;pdkuf
usef&dSaeaomaMumifh tqkdyg 12 &ufwGif {&m0wDwkdif;a'o aMumif; od&onf/
umvrSp 2011 ckESpf rkd;pyg;
txl;jyKukrPDrsm;u a<u;usef BuD; a&MunfNrdKUe,frS awmifol
xdt
Yk wl {&m0wDwidk ;f a'o pkdufumvtxd txl;jyKukrPD
awmiforl sm;\ v,f,majrrsm; rsm;tm; pdu
k pf &dwaf cs;aiG ay;tyf BuD;wGif ,refEpS f (2011-2012 38 ckrS pdkufp&dwfacs;aiG (oGif;
tm; wpfcsdecf sdew
f iG f odr;f ,lvrd hf yJGwGif ajymMum;cJhonf/
ckESpf) rkd;pyg;twGuf xdkukrPD tm;pkyHhydk;rI) usyfaiG 94 'or
rnf [ l a om ceY f r S e f ; csuf r sm;
{&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBuD;wGif 28 ckrS awmifolrsm;tm; pdkuf 2524 bDvsH yHhydk;xm;NyD; jzpf
aMumifh ,ckuJhokdY uwdjyKajym 2012-2013 ckEpS f rd;k pyg;twGuf p&dw?f rsK;d ? oGi;f tm;pkrsm; yHyh ;kd cJNh y;D onf[k pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t& od&
qdk&jcif;jzpfonf[k OD;cspfcdkifu qefpyg;txl;jyKukrPD 12 ckrS ukrPD 10 ckrSm &mEIef;jynhf? onf/
ajymonf/
ausmf & J v if ;
aiGusyfoef;aygif; 32084 'or ukr PD 12 ckrSm 80 &mckdifEIe;f
]](v,f , majrawG u d k ) 8 udk awmifolrsm;tm; yHhydk;ay; txuf jyefvnfaumufcH&&dScJh
aMumfjimbkwftao;rsm; aemufqHk; jzKwfodrf;&rnfh &uf pnfyifxkwfjyef

9 ay ay 20 atmuf aMumfjimbkwftao;rsm;tm; pufwifbmv 1 &uf a eY w G i f

tNyD; jzKwfodr f;&rnf [k &efukefpnfyif u owif;xkwf jyefvdkufonf/
,ckEpS af rvqef;rSp tqkd
yg aMumfjimbkwfrsm;udk jzKwf
odrf;&ef pDpOfvsuf&dSaomfvnf;
tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh tNyD;
jzKwfodrf;&ufudk rowfrSwfEkdif
cJjh cif;jzpfNy;D Zlvikd v
f qef;ydik ;f rSom
owfrw
S Ef ikd cf jhJ cif;jzpfaMumif; &ef
ukepf nfyifvrf;wHwm;XmerStBu;D
wef; t&m&dSwpfOD;uajymonf/
&efuek Nf rdKUtESw
YH iG f aMumfjim
bkwfrsm;rSm rsm;jym;pGm &dSaeNyD;
pepfuserI r&dSojzifh ,ckuJhodkY
jzKwford ;f &ef pDpOf&jcif;jzpfaMumif;
&efuek pf nfyifrS xdyw
f ef; t&m&dS
wpfO;D uaMumfjimbkwrf sm;jzKwford ;f
&efaMumfjimbkwfvkyfief;&Sifrsm;
ESiahf wGUqHpk OfuajymMum;cJo
h nf/
aMumfjimbkwf tao;rsm;
tNy;D owfjzKwford ;f &rnf&h ufowf
rSwv
f u
kd Nf yjD zpfojzifah Mumfjimbkwf
tao;rsm;tm;qdu
k t
f BuD;ESifh vJ
vS,af MumfjimcGiah f wmif;cHxm;onf
[kaMumfjimbkwv
f yk if ef;&Sirf sm;u
ajymonf/ aMumfjimbkwt
f ao;
15ckukdtBuD;ESifhvJvS,favQmuf
xm;cGihf awmif;cHxm;onhaf Mumf
jimbk w f v k y f i ef ; &S i f w pf O D ; url
]]aMumfjimbkwt
f ao;awG jzKwf
&r,fh owif;uxGufaewmrdkY
ajcmufvydik ;f avmufuwnf;u
tBuD;eJY ajymif;vJaMumfjimcGiw
hf if
xm;wmtukerf &bl;/tao;awG
jzKwfr,fq&dk ifvnf;tBuD;ajymif;
vJciG ah f y;apcsiyf gw,f}}[kqo
d k nf/
vloGm;vlvm rsm;jym;onfh
vrf;rsm;rS aMumfjimbkwftao;
rsm;udo
k mjzKwfapvdo
k nf[v
k nf;
if;u qufvufajymonf/
9 ay ay 20 atmuf
aMumfjimbkwf tao;rsm;wGif
vufzuf&nfqkdif? tvSjyifqkdif
ESihf pwk;d qkid u
f o
hJ aYkd om ta&mif;
qkdifaMumfjimbkwfrsm; trsm;qHk;
yg0ifonf/
&efuek pf nfyif e,ferd w
d w
f iG f
aMumfjimbkwt
f BuD; 800 cef&Y NSd y;D
bkwftao; 2000 0ef;usif &dS
aMumif; &efukefpnfyifrS od&
onf/
a0rmxGe;f
oefYpifNyD; owKrsm;0,f&ef *syef? k&Sm;ESifh

taemufEdkifiHtcsKdU pwifurf;vSrf;
oefYpifNyD;owKrsm;0,f,l&ef *syef?k&Sm;tygt0iftaemuf
Ek d i f i H t csKd U wd k Y r S pwif u rf ; vS r f ; rI r sm; jyKvk y f v mMuaMumif ;
ow K u@qk d i f & m vk y f u d k i f M uol r sm;xH r S od & onf /
a&TESihf o,HZmw vkyfief; aqmufrS&rnf[k TefMum;xm;
&SifwpfOD;u ]]tJ'DhEkdifiHawGu onf[k ajymonf/
t&ifwkef;u qkd&if owKwGif;
rMumrDuzJUG pnf;cJah om jrefrm
0ef B uD ; Xmeu avvH a c:NyD ; a&TzUG NH zKd ;wk;d wufa&;trsm;ydik u
f rk P
D
a&mif;wmukd 0,fwwfMuayr,fh u owKu@twGi;f tBuD;pm;
wkdufkdufvmNyD; csdwfqufwm zufpyfvyk if ef;ESihf tao;pm; zuf
rsKd;awmh odyfrvkyfMubl;/ tck pyfvyk if ef; pkpak ygif; 1000 ausmf
rS vmMuw,fvkYd ajymvdkU&yg &daS e&m oefpY ifNy;D owKa&mif;csEidk f
w,f}} [k ajymonf/
rIrSm q,f*Pef;atmufom &dS
jynfyEdkifiHrsm;rS xdkuJhodkY aeojzift
h ao;pm; vkyif ef;i,f
urf;vSrf;rIrsm; jyKvkyfaeaomf rsm;twGuf oefYpifpufkHrsm;jzifh
vnf; jynfwGif; jrifhrm;aom yHyh ;kd ulnD ay;oGm;Ekid &f ef pDpOfrrI sm;
owKoefYpifpufkHrsm; yrmP &dSaeonf[k od&onf/
enf ; yg; aeao;jcif ; aMumif h
owKoefYpifrIrsm;ukd EkdifiH
tao;pm;rS tBuD;pm;vkyfief; wum tqifrh D rvkyEf ifkd rf aI Mumifh
rsm;odkYul;ajymif;Mu&rnf[k if; tao;pm; zufpyfvyk if ef;rsm;\
u qufvufajymonf/
xkwfvkyfrI 70 &mckdifEIef;cefYrSm
]]wefzdk;jrifh owKawG vkyf wkwfodkY oGm;aeonf/ wkwf
NyD; a&mif;cswmu tusKd;tjrwf Edik if u
H wpfqifh jyefvnfoefpY if
trsm;BuD; &r,fqkdwmudk vkyf NyD; a&mif;csaerIaMumifh tusKd;
ief;&Siw
f idk ;f odayr,fh tenf;pku tjrwfrsm; &&dSaeonfrSm Mum
om oefpY ifNy;D ydEYk ikd w
f ,f/ trsm; jrifah eNyD jzpfojzifh Ekid if H omowK
pku rvkyfEkdfifbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY oefpY ifpufrHk sm; wnfaqmufEidk f
enf;ynmawG? ynm&SifawG vdk ygu jrefrmowKu@rS &&drS nfh
tyfaeygw,f/ aemufNyD; EkdifiH 0ifaiGrmS ,cifuxuf wk;d wuf
wum 0ifvm&if a&SUavQmufrmS
vmEkid o
f nf[k tao;pm;zufpyf
tcuftcJawG &dSEdkifwmaMumifh owKvkyif ef; vkyu
f ikd af eolwpf
BudKwifjyifqifrIawG vkyfaewJh OD;u rSwfcsufjyKonf/
'Dvt
kd csderf mS urf;vSr;f aewmrsKd;
jrefrmhowK u@twGif;
u uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf tcGifh 0ifa&muf&if;ES;D jrKyfE&HS ef tar&d
tvrf;aumif;oGm;wmaygh}} [k uef ukrPD 30 ausmfu ,ck
if;u xyfrHajymonf/
&ufydkif;twGif; vmaqG;aEG;ae
owKwGi;f 0efBuD;XmerS ajym aMumif; xkdYtjyif owKu@
cGifh& t&m&dSu jynfyodkY owK &if;ES;D jrK yfErHS u
I dk zdwaf c:onft
h ae
dik ;f rsm; wifyaYkd ejcif;tpm; oefpY if jzihf owKu@&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS q
I idk f
NyD; owKrsm;udk wifydkY&ef wkduf &myJrG sm; usi;f yaeonf[k owK
wGef;xm;NyD; jynfyrS vma&muf wGif;0efBuD;XmerS od&onf/
vk y f u d k i f y gu oef Y p if p uf k H
PN-051
jrpf0uRef;ay: qm;awmifoltcsdKU A[dkbPfacs;aiG 5 ESpfMumonfh wdkif

tausrqyfEkdif
em*pftNyD; qm;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifEkdif&ef A[dkbPfrS xkwfacs;ay;xm;onhf

aiGrsm;tm; ,aeYtcsdeftxdtausay;qyfEkdifjcif;r&Sdao;aMumif;oufqkdif&mXmersm;rSod&onf/
e m * p f ' P f c H { & m 0 w D &&Sad eaom qm;aps;EIe;f rSm xkwf tajctaerSm tm;&p&m&S[
d k if;
wkdif;a'oBuD;&Sd qm;awmifol vkyfrIatmufom &SdaecJhojzifh qufvufajymonf/
700 ausmfwdkYjyefvnfxlaxmif if;wdkYtaejzifh tausray;Ekdif
A[dkbPfu acs;aiGrsm;udk
Ekdif&ef 2008 ckESpfu wpf{u ao;aMumif; qm;vkyfief;XmecGJ awmifow
l Ykd jyefrqyfEidk af o;jcif;
vQif usyf 3 ode;f EIe;f jzifh aiGoef; rS wm0ef&o
dS u
l xyfraH jymonf/ aMumihf 2008-2009? 2010aygif; 7000 ausmfukd A[db
k Pf
{&m0wD w k d i f ; a'oBuD ; rS 2011 ESihf 2011-2012 b@m
rS xkwaf cs;ay;cJah Mumif;? odaYk omf qm;vkyif ef;vkyfudkifaeolwpfOD; ESpfrsm;u twkd;rsm;avQmhcsay;
,aeYtcsed t
f xd tausray;qyf u ]]qm;xGuw
f ,f/ aps;r&Sb
d ;l / jcif;? apmifhqkdif;ay;jcif;rsm; jyK
Ekdifao;onfrmS rSefuefaMumif; aps;&Sdw,f qm;r&bl;/ 'Dvkdudk vkyfcJhaMumif;? odkYaomf 2012{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; qm;vkyf jzpfaeygw,f/ qm;xkwfvkyfrI 2013 ,ckb@mESpfwGifvnf;
ief;XmerS wm0ef&o
dS u
l twnf rS m wpf y d mud k usyf 50 awmifolwdkY rqyfEdkifao;onhf
jyKajymonf/
avmuf&Sdw,f/ qm;vnf;ay: twGuf wm0ef&SdolwdkY awGUqHk
]]twkd;a&m? t&if;a&m t a&m &wmuwpfydmrS usyf aqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkycf MhJ uaMumif;
ausqyfEkdifMuwJh olawG&SdNyD;jzpf 30 atmufyJ&w,f/ 'gaMumifh awGUqHak qG;aEG;yGw
J ufa&mufco
hJ l
ovkd tenf;i,fyJ qyfEkdifao; ESpfwkdif;IH;w,f/ acs;aiGudk jyef wpfO;D u ajymonf/ wpfEikd if v
H ;kH
wJhawmifolawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ rqyfEkdifMubl;jzpfaew,f}}[k qm;xGuf&SdrIEIef; 65 &mcdkifEIef;
wcsKdUu jyeffrqyfEkdifMuao;yg ajymonf/
&So
d nhf {&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBuD;\
bl;}}[k if;uajymonf/
jynfwiG ;f aps;uGurf aumif; qm;awmifow
l t
Ykd ajctaeqk;d &Gm;
2008 ckESpfu A[dkbPfrS aeojzifh jynfyaps;uGuaf umif; aerIrsm;aMumifh ESpfpOfqm;xkwf
acs;aiG,lNyD; qm;awmifolwdkY vmvdrrhf nf[k arQmfreS ;f um vkyf vkyfrIyrmPrSm odoo
d momus
vkyfief;rsm;jyefvnfxlaxmifcJh ief;r&yfem;bJ qufvkyfaecJhMu qif;oGm;aMumif;qm;vkyif ef;Xme
Muaomfvnf; ,aeYtcsdeftxd aomfvnf; aps;uGuEf pS cf pk vH;k \ pm&if;rsm;t&od&onf/ PN-051
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
jynfy0,ftm; &dSaeao;aomfvnf; wifydkYp&m o&ufoD; r&dSawmh
tdyfaeaom yJaps;uGuf
tdEd,0,fvufaMumifh acgif;axmifx
,ckEpS f o&ufo;D &moDapm ukeq

f ;kH ojzifh a[mifaumifEiS hf pifumylrS 0,fvt
kd m;&daS eao;aomfvnf; wifydkYrIr&dSawmhaMumif;
rmvmNrd K if o &uf o D ; td w f p yd k Y u k r P D r S od & onf /
jrefrmhyJ 0,fvufjzpfonfh tdEd,EdkifiH &moDOwk

azmufjyefaerIaMumifh jynfyrS yJ0,fEIef; wufvmonf[k
aps;uG u f r S od & onf /
0,fvdktm; wufvm
jcif;aMumifh yJaps;EIef; quf
wdkuf jrifhwufvmaMumif;
yJuek o
f nfrsm;u ajymonf/
&ef u k e f & S d yJ j ynf y yd k Y
ukeo
f nf wpfO;D u ]]t&if
u oHk ;wif;udk usyfav;
odef;ausmfyJ&SdwJh rwfyJu
tck usyif g;ode;f ausmo
f mG ;Ny/D
trSmawGvnf; qufwdkuf
vmaew,f}}[k ajymonf/
Zlvikd v
f rS pum rd;k BudKyJ
pdkufysdK;Muonfh tdEd,EdkifiH
wGif rd;k acgifaerIaMumifh pdu
k f
ysKd ;Edik rf I r&So
d nft
h wGuf ,ck
uJhodkY jynfwGif; t0,f
vdkufaejcif;jzpfonf[k if;
u ajymonf/
]]tdEd,u olYtwGuf
0,f a eovd k ol y d k Y a e&wJ h
taemufEdkifiHawG twGuf
vnf ; 0,f a e&w,f ? 'gh
aMumifh aps;u xyfwufzdkY
&Sdaew,f}}[k if;u quf
vufajymonf/
[oF m wNrd K UrS yJ u k e f
onf wpf O D ; u td E d , rS
tedrq
hf ;kH aps;jzifh wtdt0d ,f
,lcJhNyD;onft
h wGuf rESpfu
vufusef r&SdawmhaMumif;
xdkYaMumifh ,ck &Sdaeonfh

yJ t opf r sm;ud k wcsd K UrS m
ra&mif;MubJ aps;qufapmifh
aeMuaMumif; ajymonf/
]]aps;u ZGefaemufqHk;
ywf u wnf ; u wtd t d e J Y
wufvmwm tck ydm 20
udk usyf 17000 ausmo
f mG ;Ny?D
t&ifu usyf 12000 avmuf
yJ & S d w m/ xyf w uf E d k i f a o;
w,fav/ tIH;rsm;aewmu
MumaeNyD q d k a wmh wcsd K Uu
qufapmifhaeMuw,f}} [k
if;u ajymonf/
ESpEf pS af usmfMum aps;tdyf
aeonfh yJaps;uGuu
f kd jynfy
t0,f r sm;u vI y f E I d ; cJ h N yD ; ?
jynf w G i f ; yJ a ps;wuf a e
aomfvnf; ,cifEpS f rsm;qDu
aps;avmufr&ao;[k if;u
yif qufvufajymonf/
yJaps;uGuef nf;wl qefEiS hf
pyg;tMurf ; aps;rS m vnf ;
jynfy t0,fvdkufrIaMumifh
aps;tenf;i,f jrifw
h ufaeNy;D
txl;ojzifh e,fpyf*w
d af yguf
rsm;u wifydkYEdkifjcif;aMumifh
jzpfonf[k qefpyg;txl;jyK
ukrPDwpfcku ajymonf/
PN-051
,if;Ekid if rH sm;okYd wifyv

Ykd suf
&dSaom pdefwpfvHk;? a&T[oFmESifh
ywjrm; iarmufo&ufrsKd;rsm;
onf yHkrSeftm;jzifh Zlvdkifvukef
xd toD;xGufEIef; &dSaomfvnf;
,ck E S p f wG i f ZG e f v uk e f x d o m
xGuf&dSaomaMumifh o&ufoD;
wifydkYcsdef apm&yfqkdif;vdkuf&
aMumif; rmvmNrdKifukrPDrS ref
ae*sm a':oufqu
k ajymonf/
]]'DESpfwifydkYwJh o&ufoD;
awGukd enf;ynmydik ;f a&m? xkyyf ;kd
rIrSmyg EkdifiHwumeJY t&nfaoG;
rDatmif jyKjyifxm;wJhtwGuf
aps;uGurf mS ae&m&aeNyD/ jrefrm
o&ufudk BudKufMuvdkY rSm,lvdk
olawGrsm;vmw,f}}[kif;uquf
vufajymonf/ tqkyd go&ufo;D

rsm;ukad zmhb;l wpfb;l vQif o&uf
oD;Bu;D ygu 15vH;k ?ao;ygutvH;k
20 cefYxnhf a[mifaumifESifh
pifumyloaY k d vaMumif;ESiah f &aMumif;
rSwpfqifh wifydkYvsuf&dSonf/
,ckESpf aemufqHk;taejzifh
pifumylEidk if o
H Ydk pdew
f pfv;kH o&uf
7 wefukd a&aMumif;rSwpfqifh
wifydkY&m 13 &ufMumaomf
vnf; xkyfydk;rIenf;pepfrsm; jyK
jyifxm;ojzifh ukeyf pn;f avvGirhf I
r&dSbJ aps;uGufxJ ae&m&
aMumif;,if;ukrP
rD S od&&Sd onf/
jref r mh o&uf o D ; rsm;uk d

a[mifaumifEiS hf pifumylEikd if rH sm;
okw
Yd ify&Ykd m aps;uGuw
f iG ;f xdik ;f ?
rav;&Sm;ESihf tdE,
d o&ufrsm;ESihf
,SONf yKd ifae&aomfvnf; 0,fvuf
rsm;u jrefrmho&ufoD;t&om
ukd ydkrdkESpfoufMuonf/ ,ckESpf
2013 ckEpS w
f iG f o&uf oD;wifyYkd
&ef a[mifaumifEiS hf pifumylEikd if H
rsm;rS BudKwifrSm,l&ef pDpOfae
aMumif; od&dS&onf/ ,ckESpf
a[mifaumifEiS hf pifumylEikd if rH sm;
okdY pdefwpfvHk;? a&T[oFmESifh
ywjrm;iarmuf o&ufrsK;d rsm;udk
{NyDvukefrS ZGefvukeftxd pkpk
aygif;wefcsed f 20cefw
Y ifycYkd ahJ Mumif;
od&dS&onf/ cdik Ef ,
G Of ;D ? pd;k pEmat;
csOf;uyfabvDwHwm;opf pufwifbmwGif zGifhEdkif&ef pDpOfae

'*HkNrdKUopfajrmufydkif;&Sd csOf;uyfabvDwHwm;opf pufwifbmcefYwGif zGifhvSpfEdkifrnf[k &efukefpnfyifrS owif;&&Sdonf/

tacsmoyf vkyif ef;rsm; jzpf ESihf a&T*w
kH ikd v
f rf;qHw
k w
Ykd iG f ,mOf Edkifr,f/ a&T*HkwkdifcHk;ausmf wH yGm;vsu&f &dS m 2011 ckEpS f Mo*kwf
onfh pBuvrf;ydik ;f aqmif&u
G jf cif; aMumusyo
f yd rf rI sm;&S&d m '*HNk rKd Uopf wm;Ny;D &if awmh ydv
k t
Ykd qifajyrSm vrSp csO;f uyfabvDww
H m;xd;k
ESifh wHwm;abmifaq;okwfjcif; ajrmufyikd ;f rS NrdKUxJoo
Ykd mG ;&mwGif yg/ tckawmh abvDeJY a&T*Hkwdkif jcif;udak qmif&u
G cf jhJ cif; jzpfonf/
udo
k m aqmif&u
G &f ef use&f adS wmh ,mOftpD;a&rsm;jym;pGmoGm;vmonfh rSm ,mOfaMumydwf&if em&D0uf?
rMumrDziG v
hf pS af wmhrnfh csO;f
onf[k &efuek pf nfyifvrf;wHwm; ajrmuf'*H-k abvD-awmifOuvm 45 rdepfu tenf;qHk;Mumawmh uyfabvDwHwm;opfrSm t&Snf
XmerS tBuD;wef;t&m&Sw
d pfO;D u -ql;avvrf;odYk ra&G;cs,b
f u
J m; um;tpD;a&enf;wJh ok0P buf ay 600 &SdNyD; ay 60 cef; wpf
ajymonf/ abvDww
H m;opf zGifh tpD;a&enf;yg;onfh ajrmuf'*H-k
uoGm;wJh um;udkyJ apmifhpD; cef;? ay 100 cef; ig;cef;ESihf ay
vSpNf y;D ygu wHwm;opftm; NrKd UxJ ok0P-ql;avvrf;odkYom a&G; ae&ygw,f}}[k ajymonf/
40 cef;wpfcef;wdkYjzifh zGJUpnf;
odkY t0ifwHwm;tjzpf toH;k jyK cs,o
f mG ;vmae&aMumif;od&onf/
abvD wHwm;a[mif;rSm wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfaMumif;?,mOf
rnfjzpfNyD; wHwm;a[mif;tm;
ajrmuf'*HkrS ql;avodkY aeY oufwrf; 15 ESpfrQ MumjrifhNyD oGm;vrf;tus,rf mS 28 ay &SNd yD;
NrKd UjyiftxGuv
f rf;tjzpf toH;k jyK pOf tvkyo
f mG ;a&mufvyk u
f ikd o
f l jzpfonft
h wGuf ESppf OfjyKjyif&jcif; vloGm;vrf;rSm wpfzufvQif 6
oGm;rnf[k if;u ajymonf/
touf 25 ESpt
f &G,f trsKd ;orD; ESifh wHwm;wpfpif;wnf;om&Sd aypD&adS Mumif;&efuek pf nfyifrS od&
'*HNk rKd Uopf ajrmufyikd ;f aejynf wpfO;D u]] abvDww
H m;Ny;D &ifawmh onft
h wGuf toGm;tjyef um; onf/
olrsm;onf tqdyk gabvDwHwm; NrdKUxJomG ;zdYk enf;enf; tqifajy rsm;jzifh ,mOfaMumusyfrrI sm; jzpf
a0rmxGe;f
a&"mwfaiGUjzifh um;armif;jcif; prf;oyfrIatmifjrif aps;uGufodkY xdk;azmuf&ef jyifqif

jrefrmtif*sief ,
D mESpOf ;D wnf;jzifh wDxiG x
f m;aoma&"mwfaiGUo;kH ud&,
d mudk um;wGiw
f yfqiftoH;k jyKjcif;tm; oufqikd &f modw
Yk ifjyawmhrnf
jzpfNy;D vlrsm;vufcv
H myguaps;uGuo
f Ykd xd;k azmufa&mif;csrnfjzpfaMumif; if;pDru
H ed ;f udv
k yk u
f ikd af eol okawoDtif*sief ,
D m OD;ausmfausmfu
ajymonf /
ok a woD tif * sif e D , m
txdavsmhusaponf/ a&"mwf
OD;ausmaf usmEf iS t
hf v
D ufxa&mepf
aiGUxJrS atmufq*D sit
f m; toH;k
tif*sief ,
D mBuD;wpfO;D wdYk yl;aygif;
jyKjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh ywf0ef;
wDxGifvdkufaom a&"mwfaiGU
usifoefY&Sif;pifMu,frItm; t
axmuftuljyKjcif;jzpfum [du
k f
ud&,
d mjzifh yl;wG
J um;armif;jcif;
udk vGefcJhaom av;ESpfausmfrS
'ku
d mAGef (c) umAGecf sKd ;(*sKd ;) rsm;
prf;oyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ if;wdkY
tm; avmifuRrf;apNyD; tif*sif
onf wD x G i f a epOf umv
twGi;f ydik ;f oef&Y iS ;f ap tif*sif
oufwrf;&Snaf paMumif;od&onf/
av;ESpaf usmt
f wGi;f wGif internet
pmrsufESmrsm;? ynm&yfqkdif&m
um;wpfpD;csif; taeESifh
pmtkypf mwrf;ESihf usr;f axmifEh pS f
wyfqifvv
kd Qif 1350 pDpt
D if*sif
&mausmfcefYudk rSDjirf;udk;um;
twGuf 10 ode;f ausmcf ef?Y 1500
zwfcJh&aMumif; od&onf/
pD
prD S 2000 pDpt
D wGuf 15 ode;f
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG rf pl rf;oyfatmifjrif vnf; aomufa&oefrY v
S
JG rnf
]]jrefrmtif*sifeD,m ESpf Ny;D aps;uGuo
f x
Ykd ;kd azmuf&ef tm; onfha&udkrqdk toHk;jyK & ausmf ausmfcef?Y 10 bD;um;BuD;
a,mufwnf;&JU OD;aESmufeJY vkyf ,lqJtajctae jzpfonf/
f ed ;f ESpq
f ,fausmcf efY
aMumif; od&onf/ armfawmf rsm;twGuo
wmudk b,fEikd if o
H mG ;oGm; pajym
f srnfjzpfum tif*siyf g0gESihf
a&"mwfaiGUjzifh armif;ESif ,mOftm; aomhzGifhvdkufonfESifh ukeu
cH&wm r,Hkbl;yJ/ rif;wdkYaemuf jcif;onf xnfo
h iG ;f &rnfh a&yrm wpfNydKifeuf *wfpfudkxkwfum Condition ay:rl w nf a Mumif ;
rSm wkwf&Sdw,faygh/ tJ'Dawmh PrSm 1 vDwmcefYudk rdkif 600 aomhyw
d v
f u
kd v
f Qit
f vdt
k avsmuf od & onf / if ; a&"mwf a iG U
igwdkY wkwfOD;aESmufwpfpufrS ausmaf usmcf efo
Y mG ;Ekid u
f ma&xJwiG f *wfpfydwfay;aMumif;? *wfpfzGifh ud&d,mudk armfawmfum;rsm;
oHk;rxm;bl;/ wyfqifxm;wJh owKteDa&mifrsm;tenfxikd v
f mrS onfhtcg aq;vdyfaomufjcif;? omru rD;puftif*sifBuD;rsm;?
ypn;f utpjrefrmypn;f tppfyv
J Ykd om a&topfv&J rnf jzpfonf/ rD;jcpfjcpfjcif;rsm;tm; a&SmifMunf& jrpf a&wifprD u
H ed ;f rsm;\ tif*sif
ajymcJhw,f}} [k OD;ausmfausmf jrefrmEkid if w
rsm;ESiyhf ifv,fjyifxu
G o
f abFmBu;D
H iG o
f m wGiw
f iG u
f s,f rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
u if;wd\
Yk Edik if w
H umtawGUt us,foHk;rnfqdkygu "mwfaiGU
xdkYtjyif a&"mwfaiGUtm; rsm;? rD;&xm;rsm;wGiyf g wyfqif
BuHKrsm;udk ajymjycJhonf/
xkwfay;onfhpufuko
d m a&mif; tif*sifrsm;jzifh yl;wGo
J ;kH ygu tif toHk;jyKEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
a&"mwfaiGU enf;ynmudk ay;rnfjzpfNyD; toHk;jyKrnfholrSm *sifpGrf;tm; 2 qrS 3q txd
rd k ; i,f
urmay:wGif vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygif; a&omxnfh&ef vdktyfaMumif; wdk;jrifhum rvdktyfaom rD;cdk;
90 cefYrSp awGU&SdcJhjcif;jzpfum od&onf/ toHk;jyK&rnfha&rSm rnf;rsm;xGuf&SdrI 80 &mcdkifEIef;
tdrf? NcH? ajr aps;uGuf ae&muGuf vIyf

tdrf?NcH?ajraps;uGufonf ae&muGuf vIyf&Sm;aeaMumif;

tusd K ;aqmif t csd K UxH r S od & onf /
b,fae&mrSm Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D
jrKyfESHrIrsm;r,fqdk tJh'DrSm oGm;
BudK0,fxm;vdkufMuw,f/ tJh'D
awmh 'Dumvav;u ae&mudk
uGufNyD;awmh tdrf?NcH? ajraps;
uGuu
f vIyaf ew,f}}[k jrefrm
EdkifiH tdrf? NcH? ajr0efaqmifrI
toif;Ou|OD;oef;OD;u qko
d nf/
,if;uJo
h Ykd ae&muGuv
f yI &f mS ;
ae&jcif;rSm tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;
vky&f efjynfyrS vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;u
a&SUajy;avhvmrIrsm;jyKvkyaf eMu
aomaMumifhjzpfaMumif; tdrf?NcH?
ajrtusKd ;aqmifvyk if ef;vkyu
f ik d af e
ol udq
k vdik ;f atmifcrf;uqdo
k nf/
]]wkwf? udk&D;,m;? xdkif;
eJrY av;awGuvmMunhMf uw,f/
olwaYkd ezdYk vmMunhw
f ,f/ pHpk rf;
aeMuw,f/ Hk;cef;zGifhr,fqdkNyD;
vmMunfw
h ,f/ tiSm; aps;uGuf
vIyo
f mG ;w,fvYkd ajymvd&Yk w,f}}
[k if;u ajymonf/
vIyf&Sm;aeaom ae&mrSm
&ef ukeNf rdKUwGi;f ESihf tvH?k r*Fvm
awmifGefY tp&Sdaomae&mrsm;
jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]t"duu vlpnfum;r,f/
pD;yGm;a&; vkyv
f &Ykd r,fh ae&mawG
aygh/ aezdkYqk&d ifawmh uGef'dkawG
udk jynfyu pD;yGm;a&;vmvkyrf ,fh
olawGuydo
k abmusMuw,f}}[k
tdr?f Nc?H ajrtusKd ;aqmifEiS hf &if;ES;D
jrKyfErHS I tBuHay;vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd f
aeol a':pEmat;u ajymonf/
xd k u J h o d k Y ae&muG u f
aps;uGufvIyf&Sm;aejcif;rSm yHkrSef
pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK; r[kwfaMumif;?
vlaerItqifjh rifv
h maomaMumifh
vnf;r[kwfonfhtjyif tdrf&m
ajraygrsm;vmaomaMumifh aps;
wufae&jcif;r[kwfbJ yHkysuf
wufaejcif;jzpfaMumif; OD;oef;OD;
uajymonf/
,ckumvrsm; tdrf? NcH?
ajr aps;uGufrSm usyfodef; 300
ausmw
f u
kd cf ef;rsm;ta&mif;t0,f
tjzpfrsm;aeNy;D tiSm;aps;uGurf mS
usyf ajcmufaomif;0ef;usirf S &Spf
aomif;0ef;usiMf um; wdu
k cf ef;rsm;
tiSm;rsm;aeaMumif;? uGe'f t
kd iSm;
aps;uGurf mS av;ode;f cGrJ S &Spo
f ed ;f
cGt
J xd tjzpfrsm;aeaMumif; tdr?f
NcH?ajr aps;uGufrS od&onf/
wufvl
Vol.4, No.28,June 19, 2012
pmayxkwfa0olESifh jzefYcsdolrsm;toif; yxrtBudrf rsufESmpHknDpnf;a0;
Icif;om yef;NcH0if;rS qkdifcef;rsm; rMumrD z,f&Sm;&rnf

&efuek ?f ZGef 17
jref r mEd k i f i H pmayxk w f a 0ol E S i f h jzef Y c sd o l r sm;toif ; yxrtBud r f r suf E S m pH k n D t pnf ; ta0;ud k Zl v d k i f 15 &uf e H e uf u
&ef u k e f N rd K U ol e mjyKwu o d k v f jyKvk y f c J h o nf /
a&S;OD;pGm jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;
XmeESifh ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme
jynfaxmifp0k efBuD; OD;ausmfqef;
u trSmpum; ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
xdkYaemuf obmywd OD;armif
armifat;(armifa[rm)u trSm
pum;ajymMum;cJhNyD; toif;jzpf
ajrmufa&;aumfrwD twGif;a&;
rSL; OD;jrifhxGef;u aqmif&GufrI
tpD & if c H p mud k vnf ; aumif ; ?
obmywdu toif;trIaqmif
a&G;cs,yf t
kH pD&ifcpH mESihf a&G;cs,cf H
&aom trIaqmifpm&if;udv
k nf;
aumif; aMunmay;cJhMuonf/
xdaYk emuf jrefrmEdik if H pmayxkwf
a0ol E S i f h jzef Y c sd o l r sm;toif ;
Ou|opf a'gufwmomxGe;f OD;u
EIwfcGef;qufpum; ajymMum;NyD;
aemuf ol e mjyKwu o d k v f o d k Y
tvSLaiGEiS phf mMunfw
h u
kd t
f wGuf
pmtkyfrsm; vSL'gef;cJhonf/
tqdyk gtoif;onf jyefMum;
a&;0efBuD;Xmeu cGijhf yKxm;aom
xk wfa0oltwGuf rSwfyHkwif
S &f &Sx
d m;olrsm;?
oufaocHvufrw
r*Zif;? *sme,f? pmapmifxkwf

vkyfolydkif&Sifrsm;? oufqdkif&m
0efBuD;XmerS xkwaf 0cGihf &&Sx
d m;
olrsm;? pmaywdu
k ?f pmayvkyif ef;
trnfwpfcck jk zifh pmayjzefcY sda&;
vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd af eolrsm;? pmtky?f
pmapmif? r*Zif;? owif;pm
ponfwdkYtm; jynfwGif;jynfy
jzefYcsdaeolrsm;? pmtkyfta&mif;
qdkif zGifhvSpfxm;olrsm;jzifh zGJU
pnf;xm;aomtoif;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
arZif 0 if ;
o,fydkYp&dwf jrifh wufjcif;'Pf pmayxkwfa0olrsm; cHae&

o,f, ly dk Ya qmif p &d wf jrifh w ufv maomaMumifh pmayxk wf a 0jzeY f c sd ol r sm; tcuf t cJ a wG U ae&aMumif ; xk w f a 0jzef Y c sd a &;
todkif;t0dkif;rS od&onf/
xk w f a 0jzef Y c sd o l r sm;onf a'gufwmomxGe;f OD;uajymonf/ qmcrsm;ESihf tjrefacsmydEYk eI ;f xm; ajymonf/
e,frsm;odkY av,mOfjzifhvnf;
rdk;aomufMu,f r*Zif;rS rsm; wufcahJ omaMumifh ra&mif;
]]pmtkyfydkYvdkYqdkNyD; aps;ydk
&onfh pmtkyrf sm;onf p&dwEf iS hf awmif;rSm r[kwo
aumif;? &xm;um; ponfwdkY OD;ode;f vGiu
f ]]ydcYk wufawmhrmS
f vdk aps;vnf;
jzifhvnf;aumif; ydkY&aomtcg wJh olenf;oGm;w,f/ r*Zif; rumrdawmhaMumif; rsKd ;qufopf avQmh,rl mS r[kwb
f ;l }}[k tjref
p&dwrf sm; ,cifxuf jrifw
h ufae orm;awGqdk awmfawmfrsm;rsm; pmayrS a':wifrmOD;uajymonf/ acsmydXYk me wm0efcu
H ajymonf/
pmtk y f r sm; yd k Y a qmif a &;
jcif;aMumifeh ,f0,fvufrsm;vnf; pdkufNyD; ydkY&wJhtydkif;awG &Sdvm
jynfwGif; tajcpdkuf tjref
twGuf oifhwihfrQwaom EIef; acsmydkYvkyfief;wGifvnf; 2011
trSmenf;vmaMumif; Today pm w,f}}[k ajymonf/
2011 ckEpS rf pS &xm; wef xm;jzpf&efvdkNyD; ydkYaqmifa&; ckESpf arvrS p EIef;opfrsm;
e,fZif;xkwfa0a&; vDrdwufrS
twGuf oD;oefaY ps;EIe;f jzifh avQmh ajymif;vJaumufcHcJhonf/
tav;csd e f a y:rl w nf
csay;Edik rf t
I ydik ;f rsm;udv
k nf; 0dik ;f
0ef;pOf;pm;&rnf[k xkwfa0ol ajymif;vJaumufcaH om EIe;f xm;
wGif 0 'or 1 rS 5 uDvdk*&rf
wpfOD;uvnf;ajymonf/
]]pmayxkwfa0a&; orm; txd usyf 500? 5 'or 1 rS
awGtwGuf yHyh ;kd rItydik ;f awGvnf; 10 uDvdk*&rftxd usyf 1000?
vdkygw,f}}[k rdk;aomufMu,f 10 'or 1 rS 20 uDvdk*&rf
r*Zif;rS OD;ode;f vGiu
f ajymonf/ txd usyf 2000 ESifh 20 'or
xdkodkY ukefusp&dwfaps;rsm; 1 rS 30 uDvdk*&rftxd usyf
jri w
hf ifjcif;ESihf ywfouf &efuek f 3000 ponfh EIef;xm;rsm;jzifh
pmwdu
k Bf uD; tjref acsm ydXYk meodYk aumufcjH cif;jzpfNy;D ,cifEeI ;f xm;
ar;jref;Munf&h m if;wdYk taejzifh xuf 10 qwd;k jri hf aumufcjH cif;
t a v ; c s d e f o w f r S w f E I e f ; jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ xdkYtwl
xm;twdik ;f om,ljcif;jzpfaMumif; 2011 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvrSp
rD;&xm;wefqmcrsm;vnf; rlv
EIef;xuf oHk;qwdk;jrihfaumufcH
cJhaMumif; od&onf/
Icif;omyef;NcH0if;twGif;&Sd aps;qkdifcef;rsm;onf Mo*kwfv

1 &ufaeY aemufqkH;xm; z,f&Sm;ay;&awmhrnfjzpfaMumif;
qk d i f c ef ; &S i f r sm;xH r S od & onf /
&efukefpnfyif yef;O,smOf ukrPDu vufcH&ifjyefavQmuf
XmerS XmerSL;u aps;qkdifykdif&Sif vkdY ajymw,f/ tajztwdtus
rsm;tm; Zlvkdifv 16 &ufaeYu r&bl;}}[k ajymonf/
ac:,lawGUqHk Mo*kwfv 1
qkdifcef;rsm; rjzpfraea&TU
&ufaeYwGif z,f&Sm;ay;&ef ajym ajymif;ay;&rnf qkdyguvnf;
Mum;cJjh cif;jzpfNyD; ae&mtopfjyef tpm;xkd;ae&m jyefvnfcsxm;
vnf c sxm;ay;a&;uk d r l twd ay;apvkdNyD; ajymif;a&TU&ufukd
tus ajymMum;cJhjcif;r&Sd[k aps; vnf; ,ckuo
hJ eYdk ;D uyfpmG rawmif;
qkdif&Sifrsm;xHrS od&onf/
qko
d if[
h k qkid cf ef;&Sirf sm;u ajym
&efukefpnfyif yef;O,smOf onf/
XmerSL;rS ]]tqifh jri w
hf ifa&;vkyf
tqkdyg aps;qkdifcef;rsm;ukd
zf Ydk tpDtpOf&ydS gw,f? SEd idI ;f wke;f pnfyifrS tiSm;csxm;ay;cJjh cif;jzpf
ygyJ}}[kajymonf/
NyD; iSm;&rf;pmcsKyfwGif EkdifiHawmf
z,f&Sm;ay;&ef taMumif; vkt
d yfcsut
f & jzpfap? &efuek Nf rKd U
Mum;cH&onfh qkdifcef;aygif; 12 awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwD
cef;&SNd yD; z,f&mS ;ckid ;f &jcif;rSm yef; \ vkt
d yfcsut
f & jzpfap iSm;&rf;
Nct
H qifjh ri w
hf ifa&; pDru
H ed ;f jyKvkyf pmcsKyfukd owfrSwfumvrjynfh
&ef uefxku
d w
f majymif;vJvu
dk f rD y,fzsufjcif; jyKvkyfEkdifonf/
onfhtwGuf jzpfaMumif; yef;NcH pmcsKyfyg pnf;urf;csuf wpfcu
k dk
ESihf qkid cf ef;rsm; tqihjf ri w
hf ifNy;D yg aomfvnf;aumif;? trsm;ukad omf
u uefxkdufwmESifh SdEIdif; vnf;aumif; azmufzsufygu
qkid cf ef;jyefvnf&&Sad &;ukd aqmif aumfrwDrS taqmufttkHukd
&GufEkdifonf[k pnfyift&m&Sd jyefvnford ;f ,lEidk Nf yD; taqmuf
wpfOD;u qkdifcef;ydkif&Sifrsm;tm; ttkjH yifqifxm;aom ypn;f rsm;
ac:,lawGUqkH&m ajymMum;cJh twGuf rnfonhfepfemrI avsmf
aMumif;aps;qkid &f iS rf sm;uajymonf/ aMu;rQay;&ef wm0efr&S[
d k xnhf
10 ay? ay 20 qkid cf ef;wpf oGif;azmfjyxm;onf/
a0rmxG e f ;
cef;ydkif&Sif trsKd;om;wpfOD;u
]]'gu raocsmwJh tajymyg/ [kd
pma&;q&m owif;pmq&mBuD;]vlxkpdef0if; ynmoifqk}

ay;rnf
uG , f v G e f o l pma&;q&mowif ; pmq&mBuD ; ]vl x k p d e f 0 if ;

ynmoifqk} ay;tyfcsD;jrihfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; uG,fvGefjcif;
wpf v jynf h qG r f ; auR;tvS L wG i f ynmoif q k j zpf a jrmuf a &;
OD ; aqmif o l [H o m0wD O D ; 0if ; wif u ajymonf /
Zlvikd v
f 17 &ufaeYu q&mvlxpk ed 0f if;\ qGr;f auR;wpfvjynfh
tvSLwGif ynmoifqak y;tyf&ef xkwjf yefcjhJ cif; jzpfonf/ pma&;q&m?
owif; pmq&mBuD; vlxpk ed 0f if;ynm oifqu
k kd acgif;pOfwpfcak tmuf
wGiu
f efo
Y wfxm;rnfr[kwb
f J wdik ;f jynftwGuf vdt
k yfvsuf&adS om
u@toD;oD;twGuf &nf&,
G af y;tyfomG ;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]ol(q&mvlxkpdef0if;) &nf&G,fxm;wmudk taumiftxnf
azmfay;wmyg}}[k q&mvlxpk ed 0f if;\ rdom;pk0ifwpfO;D u ajymonf/
ynmoifqjk zpfajrmufa&;twGuf owif;pmq&mBuD;[Hom0wD
OD;0if;wifESifh pma&;q&marmifrdk;olwdkYu OD;aqmifoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;
qka&G;cs,rf t
I ydik ;f udk q&mvlxpk ed 0f if;\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESihf wynfrh sm;u
jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;aexdkifum ynmqufvuf
oif,El ikd &f ef tcuftcJ&o
dS l rnforl qdak y;tyfomG ;rnf[k od&onf/
P. News
ay:jyLvme,l ; pf owif ; tzG J U
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS r,fv'kuo nfpcef;a&muf Edik if aH &;aMumifh xGuaf jy;vmoltrsm;pk jynfawmfjyef a&eHacsmif;ESifh yGifhjzL {&m0wDjrpfurf;yg; NydK
tdrfajc 100 ausmf ajymif;a&TUcJh&
xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sd jrefrm'kuonfpcef;r,fvrS jynfwGif;jyefoGm;olwdkYrSm EdkifiHa&;aMumifh xGufajy;vmoltrsm;pkjzpfaMumif;

r,f v 'k u o nf p cef ; aumf r wD O u | ud k r ef ; xG e f ; xG e f ; u ajymonf /
&efuek ?f ZGef 17
]]ol w d k Y a wG u Ed k i f i H a &;
aum vlrIa&; vkyfief;awGaum
jyefvyk Ef ik d rf ,fv,
Y k d Mk Hunfw,fav/
NLD ygwD0ifa[mif;awGvnf;
jyefomG ;wmawG&w
dS ,f/ wcsdKUus
awmhvnf; EdkifiHjcm;oGm;zdkY arQmf
vifhcsuf wpfckwnf;eJY a&muf
vmwJh vlawGuawmh jyefomG ;Mu
NyDaygh}}[k if;u ajymonf/
xd k i f ; -jref r me,f p yf w pf
avQmuf jrefrm'kuonf pcef;
udk;ckteuf vlOD;a&trsm;qHk;
av;aomif;&Spaf xmifcefY aexdik f
onfh r,fv'kuonf pcef;rS
wpfvvQif rdom;pk 10 pkcefY
jrefrmjynfxo
J Ykd jyefvsu&f o
dS nf/
,ckESpf Zefe0g&Du KNU ESifh
jrefrmppftpdk;& wdkY vufeufESifh
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vJvS,frI pwifNyD;
aemuf e,fpyfwpfavQmuf&dS jref
rm'kuo
nf pcef;rsm;rS 'kuo
nf
tcsdKU jynfawmfjyefrI &Sv
d mcJjh cif;
jzpfonf/
azazmf0g&DvcefYrS pwif
wajz;ajz; jynfwiG ;f jyef0ifMuol
wd k Y o nf t rsm;tm;jzif h 2006
avmufrS p 'kuonfpcef;odkY
a&mufvmcJMh uolrsm;jzpfNy;D bm;
tHEiS hf &efuek Nf rdKUBuD;rsm; aexdik f
olrsm; jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ xdYk
tjyif if;wdkYrSm UN vufrw
S f
r&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf[k pcef;
aumfrwDOu|xHrS od&onf/
xdkif;tpdk;&rS ppfajy;'ku
kH ifvuf
onfrsm;tm; UN rSwyf w
rSwrf sm;udk 2005 ckEpS rf S pwif
vHk;0rxkwfay;awmhaomfvnf;
,ckESpfwGifrl UNHCR \ zd
tm;ay;rIaMumifh vl 4000 cefu
Y kd
xdik ;f tpd;k &u vufcaH y;cJah Mumif;
od&onf/
]]xdik ;f tpd;k &taeeJu
Y awmh
'kuo
nfpcef;r&Sad pcsib
f ;l / olwYkd
twGuf 0efxkwf0efydk;jzpfaewm
ud;k / jrefrmEdik if aH jymif;vJvmwm
eJY trQ 'kuonfawG jyefydkYEdkifzdkY
vkdvm;wmaygh}}[k udkref;xGef;
xGef;u ajymonf/
jrefrmtpd;k &taejzifh jynfy
a&muf jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;udk 2011
ckEpS w
f iG w
f &m;0ifjyefvnf0ifa&muf
a&eHacsmif;ESifh yGifhjzLNrdKUe,fwdkYwGif {&m0wDjrpfurf;yg;rsm;

qufwdkufNydKusaerIaMumifh oHk;vtwGif; tdrfajc 100 ausmf
ajymif ; a&T U cJ h & aMumif ; a&eH a csmif ; tajcpd k u f Green Future
obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif x d e f ; od r f ; a&;tzG J U rS od & onf /
xdkodkY {&m0wDjrpfurf;yg; cefY&SdaeaomaMumifh a&TUajymif;
NydKrIrsm;onf a&eHacsmif;ESifh yGifh &efcufcJaeMuaMumif; a'ocH
jzLNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd {&m0wDjrpf tcsdKUu ajymonf/
taemufbufjcrf;? rkef;acsmif;
xdo
k Ykd aetdrrf sm; ajymif;a&TU
ajrmufbuf? awmifbuf? jrpf &mwG i f omref aetdr f wpfv H k ;
v,fuRef;aomifcHkay:rS &Gmrsm; ajymif;a&TUp&dwfonfyifvQif t
wGif ,ckEpS f arvrS pwifjzpfay: enf;qH;k ig;ode;f cef&Y NdS y;D ajrae&m
cJjh cif;jzpfonf[k Green Future yg0,frnfqdkygu aiGusyf 15
tzGrYJ S OD;ausmfNidr;f u ajymonf/ odef;cefY ukefusEdkifaMumif; od&
{&m0wDjrpfurf;yg;NydKrIrsm; onf/
aMumifh yGijhf zLNrdKUe,f? rke;f acsmif;
]]ajrr0,fEkdifwJholawGu
twGi;f &Sd rd;k uke;f &GmwGif tdraf jc awmhra&TUbJayawaeMu&w,f/
200 ausmf&o
dS nft
h euf ,ckEpS f aemufqHk;rSm rjzpfraea&TGUay;&
wGif tdrfajc 30 ausmf? 2010 r,fqdk&ifb,frSm oGm;aervJ/
jynfEh pS w
f iG f tdraf jc 50 ? 2011 bke;f BuD;ausmif;yJ &Sad wmhw,f}}
ckESpfwGif tdrfajc 20 ausmf a&TU [k if;u ajymonf/
jrpfurf;yg; NydKusrIaMumifh
ajymif;cJh&aMumif;? rkef;acsmif;
awmifbuf&q
dS nfrek ;f aus;&GmwGif qnf r k e f ;&G mrS ajrr0,f E d k i f bJ
tdrfajc 260 &Sdonfhteuf tdrf ajymif;a&TUoGm;&onfh olrsm;onf
ajc 30? ckHpkaus;&GmwGif tdrfajc ajymif;a&TUNyD; tdrf0dkif;rsm;twGif;
3 vHk;ESifh &GmomGefYaus;&GmwGif wGif ,m,DaeMu&aMumif;? ,if;
tdraf jc 24 vH;k &So
d nft
h euf tdrf aus;&GmwGif jrpfurf;yg;rsm; quf
k Nf ydKaerIaMumifh &Gmv,fvrf;
11 vH;k ajymif;a&TUcJ&h aMumif; od& wdu
onf/
onf urf;yg;xdyfodkYa&mufaeNyD
]]cHpk u
k tdraf jcESp&f mavmuf jzpfaMumif;? {&m0wDjrpfurf;yg;
&Sdwm oHk;vHk;yJa&TU&ao;w,fqdk rsm;onfqufwu
kd Nf yKd aerIaMumifh
ayr,fh urf;NyKd wJah e&meJY &Gmbke;f rjzpfraeajymif;a&TU&rnfqdkygu
BuD;ausmif;u udik ;f uGuEf pS u
f u
G f ajruGuf r0,fEdkifolrsm;twGuf
pmavmuf y J usef a wmh w ,f / bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;wGif 'ku
xyfNyKd &ifawmh a&TU&zd&Yk w
dS maygh}}[k onfpcef;rsm; zGifhvm&EdkifzG,f&Sd
aMumif;a'ocHtcsKd Uuajymonf/
OD;ausmfNidrf;u ajymonf/
{&m0wD j rpf a Mumif ; onf
xdt
Yk jyif {&m0wDjrpfurf;yg;
NyKd rIrsm;aMumifh a&eHacsmif;NrKd Ue,f aomifcrk H sm;ay:xGe;f aeaomaMumifh
twGif; rkef;acsmif;ajrmufbuf? jrpfa&pD;aMumif; trsKd ;rsKd ;ajymif;vJ
rke;f acsmif;ESihf {&m0wDjrpfqo
kH nfh pD;qif;aeojzifh {&m0wDjrpf rke;f
ae&m&Sd vrf;ul;aus;&GmwGif tdrf a'o&Gmtxufyikd ;f rsm;rSm urf;yg;
ajc 70 ausmf&Sdonfhteuf 20 rsm;NyKd usae&aMumif;? jrpfaMumif;
ausmfajymif;a&TUcJh&aMumif;? jrpf rsm;auGU0dkufNyD; qnfrkef;ESifh ckHpk
tv,fuRef;aomifcakH y:rS&mG rsm; buf pD;qif;um jrpf urf;yg;NyKd rI?
jzpfMuaom Hk;qdyfuRef;? olaX; a&eHacsmif;NrdKUajrmuf bufusrf;
uke;f wdo
Yk nfh ESpEf pS w
f pfBudr?f oH;k udkif;uRef;&GmESifh z&JuRef;&Gmudkif;
ESpfwpfBudrfajymif;a&TUaeMu&NyD; vkyu
f u
G rf sm;NyKd usysupf ;D rIwo
Ykd nf
,ckESpfwGifvnf; tdrfrsm; quf oJ a omif c H k E S i f h jrpf a Mumif ; t
wdu
k af &TUajymif;ae&aMumif;od&onf/ ajymif;tvJrsm;aMumifjh zpfaMumif;
{&m0wDjrpfurf;yg;rsm; NydK Green Future tzGJUrS avhvm
usrrI sm;aMumifh aetdrrf sm;ajymif; awGY&Sdxm;aMumif; od&onf/
a&TU&mwGif ukeu
f sp&dwf 15 ode;f
PN-044
r,fv 'kuo
nfpcef;
&ef zdwaf c:cJo

h vdk 'kuo
nfpcef;
H m;rsm;udv
k nf;
rsm;&Sjd refrmEdik if o
jyefvnfac:,lrnf[k ajymqdkrI
rsm;&SdcJhonf/
odaYk omf tpd;k &taejzifh if;
wdaYk e&mcsxm;a&;twGuf tqif
oifh rjzpfao;aMumif; ajymMum;
cJo
h nf[k UNHCR \ jyefvnf
ajymjycsufudk udk;um; udkref;
xGef;xGef;u ajymonf
vdIif;bGJUNrdKUe,f wbl;&GmrS
xG u f a jy; vG e f c h J o nf h 7
ESpfausmfuyif xdkpcef;odkY vm
a&mufcv
kd cHI o
hJ l touf 73 ESp&f dS
'kuo
nfwpfO;D u ]]xdik ;f u olU
Edik if o
H m;tjzpfvufcrH vm;? b,f
vdv
k ufcrH vJ rodao;bl;/ quf
xm;&ifawmh qufaer,f/ [djk yef
zdu
Yk b,fvrkd t
S qifrajybl;av/
&Gmudrk &Sad wmhwm}}[k ajymonf/
ppfajy;'kuo
nftjzpf ukv
or*rS todtrSwjf yK vufrw
S &f dS
olrsm;vnf; xdpk cef;wGi&f adS eMu
NyD; trsm;pkrSm wwd,EdkifiHodkY
oGm;cGi&hf &ef apmifq
h ikd ;f aeMujcif;
jzpfonf/
vmrnfhvwGif tar&duef
odkYoGm;a&mufaexdkifcGifh&NyD;jzpf
onfh touf 33 t&G,f u&if
trsdK;orD;wpfO;D rl ]]oGm;zdYk apmifh
aewm?uav;i,fao;vd/Yk ud,
k hf
EdkifiH at;csrf;&ifawmh jyefcsif
om;}} [k ajymonf/
tpdk;&onf vufeufudkif
tzGUJ 10 zGUJ ausmfEiS hf Nidr;f csrf;a&;
&,laqG;aEG;rI&adS eNy;D jzpf ppfab;
'kuonfpef;&Sd 'kuonfwdkYwpf
aeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdefwGif udk,fh&yf
ud,
k af 'ojyef&rnfyif jzpfonf/
odaYk omf r,fvpcef; aumfr
wDOu|url u&ifjynfe,fwGif
vuf e uf u d k i f cG J x G u f t zG J U
DKBA,KNU (KNLA) ESifh BGF
wdkY&Sd&m if;wdkYxJrS oHk;zGJUrSm Nidrf;
csr;f a&; ,lNy;D aemufyikd ;f vlt
Y cGihf
ta&;csKd ;azmufrrI sm;?ypfcwfrrI sm;
&SdaeonfhtwGuf ,ck KNU u
typftcwf&yfpaJ &; Nidr;f csrf;a&;
,l x m;onf r S m ,l x m;onf h
tqifw
h iG o
f m&Sad o;avmavm
q,f'u
k o
nfwYkd jyefz&Ykd m tajc
taeray;Edkifao;aMumif; ajym
onf/
]]xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnf
aqmufEdkifrSomvQif uRefawmf
wdkYjyefzdkY&Jr,f/ uRefawmfwdkY jyef
NyD;awmhrS reufjzefobufcgx
jzpfae&if raumif;bl;/ oGm;NyD/
'Dukd jyefvmzdu
Yk vnf;rvG,af wmh
bl;}}[k Ou|uqufajymonf/
tpdk;opfwufvmNyD;aemuf
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f tajymif;tvJrsm;
u jref q ef v G e f ; NyD ; ES p f 60
twGi;f KNU ESifh jynfaxmifpk
tqifh Nird ;f csr;f a&; wnfaqmuf
EdkifcJhonf/ xdktajctaewGif
,cif tpdk;&vufxufuxGuf
ajy;vmcJMh uolrsm;taejzifh ,ck
tpd;k &u ,ciftpd;k &rS t&yfom;
taeESifh toGifajymif; tkyfcsKyf
aeonfhtwGuf cH&oltaejzifh
odyfr,Hk&Jao;aMumif; if;u
ajymonf/
udkref;xGef;xGef;u ]]a&SU
qufvkyfr,fvdkYvnf; ,HkMunf
w,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfwdkYu
awmh vuf&Sdtajctaexdawmh
owdxm;wke;f yJAs}}[k ajymonf/
r,fv'kuonfpcef;onf
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfrS 8uDvrkd w
D m
hf a&;csKd ;azmuf
cefw
Y iG &f NdSy;D vlUtcGit
cH& xGufajy;vmol 80 &mcdkif
EIef;ESifh 'kuonfr[kwfol 20
&mcdkifEIef;aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf/
aexdkifol wdkif;&if;om;trsm;
pkrmS ArmESihf u&ifwjYkd zpfNyD; usef
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;rSmcsif;? vDql;?
em*? Zl r D ; ? u&if e D ? ytd k ; 0f
ponfjzihf pkpkaygif; 14 rsdK;cefY
&SdMuonf/ xdkvlOD;a&wGif Ak'
bmomud;k uG,o
f l 51 &mcdik Ef eI ;f
&SNd yD; c&pf,mefrmS 35 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ?
rGwq
f vif 14 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ESihf usef
wjcm;bmom udk;uG,fol 1
&mcdkifEIef;&SdaMumif; od&onf/
xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf befY
wkefY,ef;? xef[if? EdkYzdk;? tkef;
zsef? r,fv? r,fvOD;? r,f&mrdk
u&ifeD'kuonfpcef;trSwf 12 tygt0if jrefrm'kuonf
pcef; 9 ck&o
dS nf/if;pcef;rsm;wGif
jrefrm'kuonfaygif; 150 000
cefYaexdkifvsuf&Sdonf[k 'ku
onfrsm;udt
k ultnDay;aeonfh
xdik ;f tajcpdu
k f Thailand Burma
Border Consortium (TBBC)
tzGUJ \ pm&if;rsm;t& od&&dS onf/

wif Z maZmf
csuforwEdkifiHrS jrefrmhusef;rma&; ulnDrnf

csuforwEdkifiHrS jrefrmEdkifiHodkY usef;rma&;ESifh ywfouf

tul t nD r sm; ay;oG m ;rnf j zpf a Mumif ; od & onf /
jref r mEd k i f i H a&muf & S d a e
aom csuforwEdik if H 'kw,
d 0ef
BuD;csKyfESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
rpwm uma&;&S0gZifbm*fonf
a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifh Zlvdkif
17 &ufaeY naeydkif;u aejynf
awmf o*F[[dw
k ,f awGUqHNk y;D
jref r mEk d i f i H \ usef ; rma&;ud k
ulnDay;&ef urf;vSrf;cJhjcif; jzpf
onf/
if;\ urf;vSrf;csuft&
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu jynfoYl
usef;rma&;twGuf vdt
k yfvsuf
&Sdonfh uifqm "mwfa&mifjcnf
ukopuf axmufyHhay;tyf&ef
ajymMum;cJhaMumif; 'DcsKyf jynf
olv
Y w
T af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f OD;0if;
xdefu ajymonf/
]]jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tJ'Dypnf;
uoHk;vHk;yJ&Sdwm? aumif;wmu
csuo
f rwEkid if rH S 'kw,
d 0efBuD;csKyfEiS hf Edik if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;rS a':atmifqef;pkMunftm;
trSww
f &vufaqmifay;tyfonfEh iS ;f qD yef;ajcmuftm; OD;aZ,smaomfu jyoaepOf
awmifBuD;rSmyJ&Sdw,f/ 'gawmif
vl e mwpf a ,muf u d k oH k ; v
avmuf apmifah e&wm/ csucf si;f
vkyfay;vd&kY &if vkyfay;zdkYyg xyf
ajymoGm;ygw,f}}[k if;u t
xufygyk*dKvfESifh awGUqHktNyD;
ay:jyLvme,l;pf\ ar;jref;csuf
udk jyefvnfajymMum;cJhonf/
xdt
Yk jyif csuforwEdik if H 'k
wd,0efBuD;csKyfEiS hf Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef
BuD;u a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS hf
awGq
Y pkH Of jrefrmEkid if \
H pD;yGm;a&;
ESiyhf wfouf vli,frsm; tvkyf
tudkif&&SdEkdifrnfh pDrHudef;rsm;udk
enf;vrf;&Smay;rnf[kajymMum;
oGm;aMumif; OD;0if;xdef\ jyef
vnf a jymMum;csuf t & od &
onf/
csuforwEkid if rH S 'kw,
d 0ef
BuD;csKyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
onf a':atmifqef;pkMunftm;
trSwfw& yef;pnf;vufaqmif
ESifh ESif;qDyef;ajcmufwpfyGifhudk
vuf a qmif t jzpf ay;tyf c J h
onf/
atmifxuf (NYK)
Vol.4, No.28,July 19, 2012
udk&D;,m;tvkyf&Sif oabmusvQif oufwrf;wkd;pepf cHpm;cGifh&rnf

udk&D;,m;a&muf jynfyvkyfom;rsm;udk tvkyf&Sifoabmusygu oufwrf;wkd;vkyfudkifcGifhjyKvkdufNyDjzpfaMumif; tpdk;&jynfy

tvk y f t ud k i f a t*sif p D r S od & onf /
,cifu udk&D;,m;a&muf
jynfytvkyo
f rm;rsm;onf ouf
wrf; av;ESpEf iS hf q,fvjynfyh gu
qufvufaexkdifcGifhr&SdbJ rdrd
EkdifiHodkY jyefMu&onf/ ,cktcg
uk&d ;D ,m;&Sd pufw
kH pfcw
k nf;wGif
av;ESpfESifh q,fvjynhfatmif
vkycf o
hJ nht
f vkyo
f rm;udk tvkyf
&Siu
f oabmusygu ud&k ;D ,m;odYk
aemufwpfBudrx
f yfrH oGm;a&muf
tvkyv
f yk cf iG &fh &Srd nfh tpDtpOfukd
,ckvrSpwif vkyaf qmifaeNy[
D k
od&onf/
]]oufwrf;jynhw
f t
hJ cg rjyef
csiw
f o
hJ al wGu w&m;r0ifaexkid f
olawGjzpfoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'g
rsK;d udk avQmch scsiv
f Ydk 'DtpDtpOfukd tpdk;&tvkyftudkif at*sifpDwGif tvkyfac:pm vmMunfhaeolrsm;udk awGU&pOf
vkyfwmvkYd od&w,f}}[k tpd;k &
udk& D;,m;odkY oGm;a&muf t0if 15 Edik if rH t
S vkyo
f rm;rsm;
jynfytvkyftudkif at*sifpDrS &Guf&rnf[k od&onf/
f yk cf iG &hf olrsm;onf oH;k ESpf EPS pepfjzifh vma&muftvkyf
tqkyd gtpDtpOfonf tvkyf tvkyv
wm0ef&Sdolu ajymonf/
tvkyf&Sif\ axmufyHhrI&&Sd &Siftvkyform; ESpfOD;ESpfzuft rSav;ESpEf iS hf q,fvtxdf aexdik f vkyfaeMuonf/ xkdYtjyif tqkd
H nf Ekid if jH cm;vkyo
f m;ac:
aom tvkyo
f rm;onfrcd ifEikd if H wGuf aumif;aomtpDtpOfjzpf tvkyfvkyfcGihf&&SdMuonf/ udk&D; ygEdik if o
H jzpf
odYk oH;k vjyefciG &fh &Srd nfjzpfNyD; rdrd aMumif;? vuf&SdwGif jrefrmEdkifiH ,m;Ed k i f i H o nf ur m ay:wG i f ,lrpI epf taumif;qH;k Edik if t
EkdifiH\ oufqkdif&mat*sifpDESifh rS tvkyform;oHk;OD;jyefvm&ef pwkwajrmuf pufrItxGef;um; UN rS owfrSwfay;xm;onhf
G x
f m;aMumif; txufyg qH;k Ekid if jH zpfNyD; jrefrm? AD,uferf? EkdifiHvnf; jzpfonf/
quf o G , f aemuf w pf B ud r f qufo,
rGe*f v
kd ;D ,m;ponhf Edik if rH sm;tyg
arZif 0 if ;
oGm;a&muftvkyv
f yk &f ef aqmif yk*dKvfuajymonf/
qefpyg;vkyfief;toif;\ trsm;ydkifpD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief; ,ckvukefrS tpk&S,f,mrsm; pwif
a&mif;csawmhrnf
jrefrmEkdifiH qefpyg;vkyfief;toif;rS xlaxmifrnfh

trsm;ydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tpk&S,f,mrsm;tm; ,ckvukef
wGif pwifa&mif;csrnf[k toif;Ou| OD;cspfckdifu ajym
onf /
jrefrmEkid if H qefpyg;vkyif ef;
toif;onf trsm;ykid f pD;yGm;a&;
vkyif ef;wpfck tjzpf Myanmar
Agri-business Public Corporation (MAPCO)ukd
toif;
om;rsm;\ oabmwlnDrIt&
zJUG pnf;cJo
h nf/
]]vdt
k yfwmawG vkypf &m
&dw
S mawG tukepf pD OfNy;D oGm;Ny}D }
[k OD;cspfckdifu ajymonf/
jrefrmEkid if H qefpyg;vkyif ef;
toif;rS OD;pD;wnfaxmifaom
tqkyd g trsm;ydik f pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
ief; (MAPCO) \ pD;yGm;a&;
vkyf ief;vkyu
f ikd cf iG u
hf kd avQmuf
xm;Ny;D ,ckvukew
f iG f cGijhf yKrdeYf
(ygrpf)&rnfjzpfonf[k od&
onf/ tpk&,
S ,
f mrsm;ukd wpf
pkvQif usyfwpfaomif;EIef;jzifh
pwifa&mif;csrnfjzpfNy;D a&mif;
csrnft
h pk&,
S ,
f mta&twGuf
udkrl rowfrSwf&ao;aMumif;
qefpyg;vkyif ef;toif; twGi;f
a&;rSL; OD;&Jrif;atmifu ajym
onf/
]]&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI aumif;
aumif;eJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;awG
vkyfMuzdkY twGufyg/ qefpyg;
pdu
k yf sK;d ? xkwv
f yk ?f wifyaYkd &mif;
cswmrSr[kwfbl;/ qefpyg;
u@rS r[k w f b l ; / tjcm;
tusKd;tjrwf &Ekdifr,hf pD;yGm;
a&;vkyif ef;awGrmS bkwt
f zJUG &JU
oabmxm;rleJY &if;ESD;jrKyfESH
oGm;rSmyg/ 'grS tpk&,
S ,
f m&Sif
awGtwGuf &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&usKd;
d nf/
eyfrmS aygh}} [k if;uqko
jrefrmqefpyg; vkyfief;
toif;rS OD;pD;wnfaxmifaom
tqdyk g trsm;ydik f pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
ief; MAPCO \ kH;csKyftm;
&efukefNrdKU qmul&mwm0gwGif
zGifh vSpfxm;NyD; MAPCO \
Ou|rSm OD;cspfckdifyif jzpfonf
[k od&onf/
MAPCO udk OD;pD;wnf
axmifaom jrefrmEkid if H qefpyg;
vkyfief;toif;tm; ,cif zJGU
pnf;NyD;onhf qefukefonf
rsm;toif;? qefpufvyk if ef;&Sif
rsm;toif;? qefpyg;pdkufysKd;
xkwv
f yk o
f rl sm; toif;ESihf qef
pyg;txl;jyKukrP
rD sm; yl;aygif;
2010 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 2
&ufwGif pwifzJGUpnf;cJhjcif;
jzpfNy;D toif;om;OD;a& 15895
OD;&dSaMumif; od&onf/
ausmf & J v if ;
vlokH;a,muf um;wpfpD;ESih f
qkdifwpfqkdifwkdufNyD; ,mOfarmif; xGufajy;
Zlvkdif 14 &ufaeYu MunfjrifwkdifNrdKUe,f ewfpifvrf;

um;rS w f w k d i f t eD ; vrf ; jzwf u l ; aeaom nD t pf u k d E S p f O D ; um;
t"dywd(t0g),mOfrS 0ifa&mufwkdufum vrf;ab;wGif &yfxm;
aom uk d , f y k d i f , mOf w pf p D ; ES i f h puf j yif q k d i f w pf q k d i f w k d Y t m;
0ifwkdufrI jzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; ,mOfrIppf&Jpcef;rS od&onf/
jzpfpOfrSm tqkdygaeY eHeuf
9 em&Dct
JG csed f txufMunhjf rif
wkid v
f rf;twkid ;f tk;d aq;kb
H ufrS
Munfhjrifwkdif &Jpcef;bufokdY
armif;ESifvmaom ,mOftrSwf
(1*^- - -)t"dywd (t0gvkdif;)
,mOfonf ewfpifvrf; um;rSwf
wkid t
f eD;odYk ta&mufvrf;jzwfu;l
ol nDtpfuEdk pS Of ;D wkUd tm; wku
d rf d
cJNh y;D nmbufoYdk qGaJ &SmifpOf ewf
pifvrf;xdy&f dS ewfpifvrf;-vrf;
Tefqkdif;bkwfESifh pufypnf;jyif
qk d i f w kd Y u d k 0if a&muf w k du f r d c J h
aMumif;? if;tjyif tqkdyg,mOf
onf ewfpifvrf;wGif &yfxm;
aom ,mOftrSwf(8c^- - -)
vk d u f x &yf uk d , f y k d i f , mOf u d k
xyfrw
H u
dk rf cd ahJ Mumif; od&onf/
xk,
d mOfwu
dk rf aI Mumifh ,mOf
wku
d cf &H ol nDtpfuEdk pS Of ;D ESihf puf
jyifqidk yf idk &f iS jf zpfow
l rYdk mS 'Pf&m
rsm; toD;oD; &&SdcJhNyD; &efukef
aq;kHBuD; twGif;vlemtjzpf
ukoae&onft
h jyif ,mOftrSwf
(8c^- - -)vkdufx&yf ,mOfESifh
pufjyifqkdifwkdYrSm ysufpD;oGm;
cJhaMumif;? t"dywd,mOfrS ,mOf
armif;jzpfolrSm tcif;jzpfyGm;
onfah e&m ,mOfux
dk m;xGuf
ajy;oGm;aMumif; rsufjrifawGU&Scd hJ
olrsm;u qkdonf/
tqkdyg,mOfwkdufrIESifh ywf
ouf Munfjh rifwidk &f pJ cef;rS t"d
ywd ,mOfarmif;jzpfoltm; (y)
544^12? yk'rf 338^ 279^ 202
jzifh trIziG hf ta&;,lxm;aMumif;
od&onf/
PN-020
c&D;oGm;cGifhtrdeY fjzifh pD;eif;aom0efxrf;rsm;twGuf &xm;cEIef;xm; wkd;jrifh rnf

0ef x rf ; rsm;c&D ; oG m ;vmcG i fh t rde f Y jzifh pD ; eif ; cGi fh j yKonh f vuf rS wf EI ef ; xm;rsm; jyifq if wkd;jr if ha umuf c Hr Iu dk Mo*k wf v 1
&uf aeY w G i f pwif j yKvk y f r nf [ k &xm;yd k Y a qmif a &;0ef B uD ; XmerS od & onf /
1997 ckEpS f arvrS pwif
Xme qkid &f m 0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh
c&D;oGm;vmcGifh trdefYjzifh vuf
rSwf0,f,lygu c&D;pOftvdkuf
vufrw
S Ef eI ;f xm;\ 50 &mckid Ef eI ;f
avQmhcs pD;eif;cGifh jyKaejcif;
tay: 25 &mckid Ef eI ;f om avQmhcs
ay;oG m ;awmh r nf [ k &xm;yd k Y
aqmifa&; 0efBuD;XmerS wm0ef&Sd
olwpfOD;u ay:jyLvme,l;pfodkY
qkdonf/
]]0efxrf; r[kwfwJholawG
MO eJY 0,fwmukd ppfaq;awGU
&dSwmawG awGUvmw,f/ tJ'g
aMumifh wk;d jri w
fh mvnf; ygw,f/
aemufwpfcu
k jrefrmhr;D &xm; 0if
aiG wk;d zdv

Yk nf; ygw,f}}[k ,if;
wm0ef&dSolu xyfrHajymonf/
jrefrmhr;D &xm;rS Xmeqkid &f m
c&D;oGm;vmcGifh trdefYESifh twl
0efxrf;uwfjzifh 0,f,lonhf
Xmeqkdif&m 0efxrf;rsm;? wyf
rawmfom;rsm;ESihf &JwyfzUGJ 0ifrsm;
taejzifh Mo*kwf 1 &ufaeYrS
pwif c&D;pOftvdu
k f vufrw
S f
cEIe;f xm;rsm;udk usoifah iG\ 75
&mckid Ef eI ;f jzifh 0,f,Ml u&awmhrnf
jzpfonf/
nGe0Yf if;
ueOD;ukefusaiG oufomaom tiSm;,mOfwpfpD; ykdifqkdifrnfhtpDtpOf pwifawmhrnf

ueOD; usyfodef; 30 ESifh aeYpOfaMu; oHk;ESpfay;aqmifjcif;jzifh tiSm;,mOfwpfpD;ydkifqkdifEdkifrnfh tpDtpOfodkY pdwf0ifpm;ol

600 ausmf u avQmuf v T m rsm;vmwif a eMuNyD [ k Sakura uk r P D r S wm0ef & d S o l w pf O D ; u ajymonf /
,mOftdk ,mOfa[mif; tyfEHS
vdkufjcif;aMumifh tvkyfvufrJh
jzpfoGm;aom wupD ajy;qJGol
rsm; tvkyftudkif jyefvnf&&dS
kHomru um;wpfpD;yg tpm;
jyef & &d S a &;twG u f &nf & G , f
trsm;ydik f wupu
D rk P
D wpfcu
k kd
wnfaxmif&ef pDpOfae&m yg0if
vdo
k rl sm;u ,ckuo
hJ Ydk vma&muf
avQmufvTmrsm; wifMujcif;
jzpfaMumif; Sakura ukrP
rD S od
&onf/
]]um;tpD;a& 1000
avmufxd qJGEdkifzdkY pDpOfaeyg
w,f/ trsm;ydik f ukrP
jD zpfvmzdYk
uawmh tenf;qH;k aemufEpS v
f
avmufawmh MumOD;rSm }} [k
Sakura rS wm0ef&dSolwpfOD;u
ajymonf/
EkdifiHawmfrS w&m;0ifcGifhjyK
rdeYf usygu trsm;ydik f ukrP
w
D iG f
yg 0ifvo
kd rl sm;taejzifh &S,,
f m
odef; 30 xnhf0ifNyD; ukrPDodkY
aeYpOfaMu; usyf 12500 aeYpOf
ay;oGi;f Ny;D 3 ESpjf ynfyh gu vuf&Sd

armif;ESifaom um;ukd ukd,fydkif
,mOf t jzpf &&d S r nf j zpf o nf /
aemuf 2 ESpfwGif aeYpOfaMu;
ay;p&mrvdb
k J ukrP
eD mrnfjzifh
om qufvufarmif;ESif&rnf
jzpfNyD; tcGefvdkifpif udprsm;udk
ukrP
rD o
S m aqmif&u
G af y;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; Sakura rS od&
onf/
vuf&Sd wupD ajy;qJaG eol
udak 0,Hu ]]tarG&wJh wupu
D kd
tyfvu
kd Nf yD; jyefrrSmEkid v
f Ykd olrsm;
um;iSm;qJG&wm aeYydkif;yJ qJGwm
wif tkeH maMu;wpfaomif;ausmf
ay;ae&wm/ ode;f 30 avmufeYJ
udk,fydkifum; jzpfvmr,fqkd&if
b0tmrcHcsuf &oGm;r,f xifyg
w,f}} [k ajymonf/
trsm;ydik f ukrP
w
D iG f ajy;qJG
&ef Probox ESifh Nissan AD Aif
um;rsm; pDpOfxm;aMumif; od&
onf/
nGe0Yf if;
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
a&Tb&k m;BuD; oGe;f vkyyf al Zmfco

hJ nfh enf;ynmtm; zefw;D jyoxm;rIukd &Si;f vif;jyoaepOf
,ciftywfrt
S quf
yxrxyf&dS jycef;rSm NrKd Uawmf

a[mif;\,Ofaus;rIEiS t
h f Ekvuf&m
yHkpHi,frsm;jzpfonf/ apwDykxdk;?
eef;awmfEiS t
hf xifu&taqmuf
tODrsm;? tcef;zGUJ pnf;yH?k rD;tvif;
tarSmifEiS hf ta&mifo;kH pGx
J m;yHu
k
ynmom;ygonft
h wGupf w
d t
f mHk
uolwq
Ykd aJG c:&modt
Yk vG,v
f u
kd f
Edkifonf/ eH&Hrsm;wGif Adokum
vuf&mrsm;udk "mwfy?kH azmif;<u
'DZikd ;f rsm;?&Si;f vif;csurf sm;jzifh jyo
xm;onf/ wu,fawmh bef
aumufuacwfrzD UHG NzdK;wd;k wufrI
rsm;atmufwGif wpf[kefxdk;pD;
qif;aecJo
h nfrmS MumcJNh y/D odaYk omf
'Dae&mwGifawmh a&Ta&mif0if;
aom,Ofaus;rIuNydK;jyufvsuf/
topfvkyfxm;aom ordkif;rsm;
a&mufomG ;onfh txyfwikd ;f
wGif toHxkwfvTifhxm;onfh
cseef ,ftvdu
k t
f oHzrf;em;axmif
&onf/ rdk;wdk;rwfwyfMunfhai;
&jcif;rdYk uRefawmfwYkd anmif;nm
aeNy/D jycef;tvdu
k f &Si;f vif;ajym
Mum;ay;aom 0efxrf;rsm;u ysL
iSmygonf/ tcef;wpfckuawmh
tao;pm;ky&f iS f akH v;/ xdik ;f Ekid if H
\ tkycf sKyfr?I vlaerIjrifuiG ;f rsm;
udk ouf0ifaeaom tkyrf sm;jzifh
jyoonf/ ,if;aemuf Ak',Of
aus;rIESifh rm&fewfudk atmifEkdif
jcif;jyuGuf/ tarSmifcstcef;xJ
tm;vHk; wdwfqdwfpGm ai;&if;
Yaoward Chinatown Heritage Center &Sd
wkwt
f xrf;orm;rsm;kyw
f rk sm;
a&Tb&k m;BuD; yifah qmifcyhJ u

kH kd yHpk w
H l yk w
f ik ,frsm;jzifh jyoxm;onf/
&efukef? befaumuf? t,k',

ESifh
ordkif;udk topfvkyfjcif;
atmifcGef;quf
uRefawmfwdkYxkdifaeaom cHkrsm;
a&GUavsmjrifw
h ufomG ;um tay:
wpfxyf&dS aemufjrifuiG ;f a&muf
onftxd owdyifrxm;rdvu
dk /f
tcef;eH&rH sm; a&GUvsm;aeonfukd
owdxm;rdaomfvnf; taMumif;
&if;udrk od/ txl;jyKvkycf suw
f pf
ck[kom omrefawG;rdonf/
uRefawmfwYkd anmif;nmae
onfrSm trSef/ jycef;wpfckqD
a&mufoGm;jyefawmh vGwfvGwf
vyfvyf xdkifEdkifygonf[k qdk
onf/ aumfaZmtjynfhcif;xm;
aom tcef;xJ uRefawmfwYkd ajc
ypfvufypfxikd rf Md uonf/ eH&rH sm;
udk rSDvsuf/ kwfw&uf rsufESm
csif;qdkifeH&HtoD;oD;rS yHk&dyfrsm;
xGufay:vmonf/ yef;csDvuf
&mrsm;u xdkif;dk;&mtursm;udk
okyfazmfjcif;? uuGufwpfckqD
udk ,cifEiS rhf suaf rSmuftcsed f wif
qufrrI sm;ESiw
hf pfvn
S phf w
D pfuu
G f
pD/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJ ZmwfHkwpf
ckxJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyfxdkifum
wkwu
f ek o
f abFmyHpk w
H El iS hf
tm;&yg;& Munfah e&ovdk cHpm;rd

onf/ 'g jywdkuftEkynmyif
jzpfonf/ cHpm;rIudk rnfonfh
tcsdew
f iG f rnfoYkd xd;k wif&rnf?
hJ Ykd csKd ;auGUypfvu
kd &f rnfukd
rnfuo
olwdkY uRrf;usifygonf/ Nang
Yai [k xdkif;bmomjzifhac:onfh
Shadow Play t&dyjf yZmwf/ rSef
a&SUwGif ud,
k w
f ikd pf rf;oyfavhusihf
&onfw
h w
k x
f ;kd kyaf o;/ wpfae
&mta&mufrSmawmh a&S;acwf
uifr&mtdrk sm;jyoxm;Ny;D bm*sm
uJhodkY a&SUwdk;aemufqkwf&onfh
uifr&mtdkBuD;jzifhvnf; tjzL
trnf;"mwfyHkrsm;udk dkufay;ae
h ,
kd w
f ikd t
f u
kd w
f ifay;Ho
k m/
ojzifu
uReaf wmfwx
Ykd ifco
hJ nfu trSwf
w& "mwfyHkrsm;&rnf[k/ xdkY
aMumifh ab;uyf&uf tcef;wGif
em;em;aeae xdkifMu&if; a&SUrS
yd*k sufwmjzifh jyoaeaom jrif
uGi;f rsm;udk ai;aeMuonf/ kwf
w&uf &,foHrsm;jzifh tcef;u
yGufnHhoGm;onf/ ydwfum;ay:
wGif umwGe;f kyrf sm;ouf 0ifae
onf/ aps;onf? wkwfwkwf
armif;orm;? uifr&mtdBk uD; a&SU
cyfwnfwnf tdkuw
f ifay;cJhol
awG\ rsufESmESifh umwGef;kyf
uav;rsm;uydwu
f m;ay:rSm azsmf
ajzvsu/f yifyef;anmif;nmrIrsm;
arhaysmufum wpfa,mufuw
kd pf
a,muf vufnKd ;xd;k Ny;D uReaf wmf

wdkY ayghayghyg;yg; &,farmcJhMu&
onf/ t&m&mudk MunfMunfEl;
El;cHpm;&if; acwfrDenf;ynmjzifh
ord k i f ; ud k ol w d k Y t opf v k y f j y
onfrmS twk,pl &myifjzpfonf/
ordkif;udk topfvkyjf cif;qdk
onfrmS ajymif;vJypfvu
kd jf cif;[k
rqdkvdk/ twdwfqDodkY jyefvnf
wGJac:&mwGif rxl;qef;aom dk;
pif;aom t&Sdw&m;rsm;udk enf;
ynmjzifh rTrf;xHkum cspfcifjrwf
Ed;k pzG,jf zpfatmif zefw;D csjyjcif;
yifjzpfonf/ ,Ofaus;rIonf
xde;f odr;f p&mrSeaf omfvnf; bDkd
wGif;xnfh? aomhcwfodrf;qnf;
xm;p&mvnf; r[kwyf g/ aysmuf
uG,fysufpD;rnfudk pdk;&drfygvQif
wefzdk;xm;rI r&Sdawmhrnfudk pdk;
&dryf gvQif uRefawmfw\
Ykd &S&d if;pGJ
,Ofaus;rIESifh ordkif;udk tqifh
jrifhwiftopfzefwD;,l&rnfjzpf
onf/ Munfah umif;&efaq;a&mif
jc,fjcif;r[kw/f rlvtwdik ;f udyk if
wDxGifzefwD;rIrsm;pGmjzifh topf
vky,
f l jriw
hf if&efjzpfonf/ bef
aumufNrdKU teD;tem;wpf0dkuf
wGiyf ifjywdu
k af ygif; 100 eD;yg;&dS
onf[o
k &d onf/ orkid ;f jywdu
k f
rsm;udMk unhNf yD; xyfcgxyfcg ke;f
xEkdif&rnf[k olwdkYqkdMuonf/
trSeq
f &kd vQif uRefawmfwYkd
I&onftxd qGaJ qmifEidk f aom

ordkif;,Ofaus;rIESifh tEkynmjy
wdkufrsm;udk qmavmifaerdNyD
jzpfonf/
befaumufwkwfwef;ESifU
a&T a&mifudk;uG,frI
'kwd,aeY avhvma&;c&D;
rSm
Yaowarat Chinatown Heri-
odkYjzpfonf/ ,if;
jywdu
k rf mS 1991 ckEpS w
f iG f urmh
*if;epfpmtkyf vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ
txl ; tav;tjrwf x m;p&m
wefz;kd wpfct
k jzpf rSww
f rf;wifc&H
aom a&Tbk&m;BuD;awGU&SdyHk? xk
vkyu
f dk;uG,fyHk tqifhqifhwdkUudk
jyoxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;BuD;
rSm rlvu ausmufom;twd[k
tm;vH;k odcMhJ uonf/ bk&m;BuD;
a&TUajymif;pOfwGif rawmfwq
jyKwfuscJh&mrS ausmufom;rsm;
uGmus a&Tom;twdyk yf mG ;awmf
BuD;jzpfaMumif; od&Sdum tav;
tjrwfudk;uG,fp&mtjzpf ylaZmf
cJhMujcif;jzpfonf/ kyfyGm;awmf
onf 5 'or 5 wefav;Ny;D a&Tom;
twd[q
k o
kd nf/ kyyf mG ;awmfBuD;
tm; ausmufom;rsm;jzifh tay:
,Hxed ;f uGyx
f m;yH?k yifah qmif&mrS
a&Tb&k m;jzpfaMumif; od&ydS u
kH dk vl
wd k Y \ ok y f a zmf u G u f r sm;ES i f h
aemufcHae&myHkpHi,frsm;wGJzuf
um ky&f iS o
f zG,jf yuGurf sm;/ bk
&m;BuD;tm; yifhrcJhonfh pufoD;
ESihf BudK;BuD;rsm;udv
k nf; jyoxm;
onf/ xdyk pn;f rsm;rSm rlvypn;f
rsm;[kwfcsifrS [kwfrnf/ odkY
aomf tajctaeESihf taetxm;
udk jrifomapygonf/
xdkYaemuf qlcGefxdkif;rif;
qufumv tEkynmvuf&m
rsm;jycef;? yvmpwmyHo
k eG ;f jcif;?
,Gef;xnfESifh a&Ta&mifwifjcif;
jyuGufrsm;u wpfrsdK;NyD;wpfrsdK;
pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjyuGufrSm Ghost
Box [kac:onfhwifqufrI/ pif
ay:wGif pm;yG?J xdik cf pkH onfh tdrf
wGi;f toH;k taqmiftppfrsm; wif
xm;onf/ cPtMumwGif rD;
rsm;rSdefoGm;um rdom;pkwpfpk
a&mufvmonf/ wkwt
f bd;k u
ajr;jzpfou
l kd xdik ;f Edik if w
H iG f wkwf
vlrsdK;wkdY tajccsukefoG,fyHk udk
ajymjyaeonf/ xdkZmwfaqmif
rsm;uawmh ouf&v
dS rl sm;r[kw/f
tay:rSae yd*k suw
f mu pif
tage Center
rSm cscif;jyp&m ,Ofaus;rIrsm;pGm

&So
d nf/ xdt
k &mrsm;pGmudk t&if;
jyKum EkdifihH0ifaiG&SmEdkifonfh t
ajctaersm;&So
d nf/ odaYk omf od
NyD;om;? jrifawGUzl;om; ordkif;yHk
&dyrf sm;udk ud,
k Ehf ikd if o
H m;rsm;ud,
k f
wdik f ta&;w,l *kP,
f u
l m jrwf
jrwfE;kd Ed;k avhvmMunfh cI siaf tmif
uRefawmfwYkd rqGaJ qmifEidk af o;/
uReaf wmfwYkd vlUtzGUJ tpnf;onf
rNydKuGJao;yg/ vli,frsm;onf
tqH k ; pG e f rysuf p D ; Muao;yg/
udk,fhdk;&m ,Ofaus;rIESifh tEk
ynmudk wefz;kd xm;olrsm;? urmh
tv,f*kPfusufoa&&SdpGm 0Hh
<um;apvdo
k rl sm; tiftm;renf;
ao;yg/ a&Tw*d akH pwDawmfBuD;odYk
vma&mufavhvmonfh Ekid if jH cm;
om;tcsdKUu rSwfcsufjyKygonf/
uJhodkY ae&mrsdK;wGif vli,ft
rsm;tjym;tm; jrifawGU&jcif;ESifh
a0,sm0pjyKvkyaf eaom vli,f
rsm;udk rnfonfhEkdifiH? rnfonfh
ae&mwGirf S rawGUEdik yf g[l\/ uRef
awmfwYkd useaf ecJo
h nfrmS &yfaerd
qdo
k nfxufaemufjyefavQmuf
aeaomaMumif[
h q
k ykd gu [oFm
udk;aomif;[lonf uRefawmfwdkY
udk,fwdkifyif jzpfaeygvdrfhrnf/
uRefawmfuawmh udk,fhvlrsdK;
tcsi;f csi;f yifwul;wuvufq
JG
tvSnu
hf s wef;pDapmifq
h ikd ;f Munfh
bk&m;BuD;tm; yifah qmifcphJ OftoH;k jyKcJo

h nfh pufo;D ? BudK;ESihf xrf;yd;k rsm;
pmrsufEmS G odkY
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
oBuFefrdk; kyf&Sifdkuful;cJhonfh tdrfae&m "mwfqDqdkifaqmufvkyfrI 'kwd,tBudrf uefYuGuf

rEav;? Zlvikd f 13
rEav;NrdKU oBuFefrdk; kyf&Sifum;dkuful;cJhonfh tdrfwGif "mwfqDqdkifzGifhvSpf&ef jyifqifaerItm; &yfuGufaejynfolrsm;

'k w d , tBud r f vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; uef Y u G u f c Jh M uaMumif ; od & onf /
tBudru
f efu
Y u
G jf cif; jzpfonf[k aMumif; rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD;
rEav;NrKd U? csr;f at;ompHNrKd U onf/
e,f? a[rmtaemuf&yfuGuf
tqdkyg ae&mwGif "mwfqD &yfrd&yfz OD;vS0if;rGefuvnf; vTwfawmftrwfwpfOD;u ajym
onf/
tuGuf 239? 26 vrf;? 90 qdkifzGifhvSpfrnf[k ZGef 3 &uf ajymonf/
rEav;NrdKUwGif rD;ab;tE
'kwd,tBudrf uefYuGufpm
ESifh 91 vrf;Mum;&Sd trSwf 28 xkwfowif;pmrsm;wGif azmfjycJh
aetdraf e&mtm; "mwfqq
D ikd f zGihf NyD; uefYuGufvdkygu wpfywft &m,fpdk;&drf&aomaMumifh rD;ab; udk rEav;NrKd Uawmf0ef tygt0if
&efaqmufttHak qmufvyk v
f suf wGif;uefYuGufEkid fonf[k azmfjy BudKwifumuG,fa&; qdkif&mrsm; Xmeqdik &f mrsm;odYk ay;ydNYk yD;aemuf
&S&d m rD;ab;tE&m,fp;kd &dro
f jzifh xm;aMumif;? xdkYaMumifh ZGef 6 udk vGefcJhaomvrsm;u usif;y ESp&f ufceft
Y MumwGif ref;NrKd Uawmf
pkaygif;uefu
Y u
G Mf ujcif;jzpfonf[k &ufwiG f &yfuu
G af ejynforl sm;u cJhonfh rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD; pnfyifrS taqmufttHk quf
S af &;xd;k rEav; vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGif aqG; vufaqmufvyk jf cif;rjyK&ef vm
&yfuGufae OD;ausmf&Tifu ajym pkaygif;vufrw
onf/
NrdKUawmf0eftygt0if Xmeqdik &f m aEG;cJMh uaMumif;? xdak qG;aEG;csuf a&mufwm;jrpfrIrsm;&SdcJhonf[k
]]"mwfqq
D ikd rf vkyb
f J tjcm; rsm;odu
Yk efu
Y u
G pf mydcYk ahJ omfvnf; wGif ref;wGi"f mwfqq
D ikd af qmuf &yfuGufae jynfolrsm;u ajym
pD;yGm;a&;vkyrf ,fq&kd if&yfuu
G u
f
wpfvausmfMumonftxd rnf vkyfrIrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh t onf/
vufcHygw,f}}[k if;u ajym odrYk QtaMumif;rxl;cJo
aMumif ; t&mrsm;vnf ; yg0if c J h
h jzif'h w
k ,
d
armif w m
xm;0,fwGif w&m;r0ifqdkifu,frsm; vdkifpifvkyfjcif;aeYcsif;NyD;qdkaomfvnf; wu,frNyD;

xm;0,f? Zlvikd f 12
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD; xm;0,fwGif w&m;r0ifwifoGif;xm;onfh armfawmfqkdifu,frsm;tm; ,mOfrSwfykHwifjyKvkyf&mwGif

wpfxkdifwnf; (One Stop Service) jyKvkyfay;aeonf[kqdkaomfvnf; aeYcsif;rNyD;aMumif; qdkifu,fvdkifpifjyKvkyfolrsm;u
ajymqd k v d k u f o nf /
qdkifu,frsm;tm; vdkifpif wGif ykHpHrsm; pkykHaejcif;aMumifh
,if;odkY MuefYMumae&onf onfhtwGuf aeYcsif;NyD;apvdk
jyKvky&f mwGif wpf&ufvQif tpD; vufusefrsm; &SdNyD; MuefYMum& rSm unekH; tjyifbufwGif aMumif; qkdifu,ftusKd;aqmif
a& wpf&mhig;q,fcefYom NyD;pD; aMumif; xm;0,fNrdKUe,f jynf wpfBudrfwef;pD? 0if;twGif;wGif OD;cifaZmfu qdkonf/
um ESp&f uf ok;H &ufwef;pDNyD; n wGi;f tcGeOf ;D pD;XmerS wm0ef&o
dS u
l
wpfBudrfwef;pDNyD;rS cJjcpfjcif;?
]]wufvu
kd f qif;vdu
k f vkyf
tdyaf pmifh&onft
h wGuf tcuf if;wd\
Yk tcuftcJukd &Si;f jyonf/ ,mOfppfcsdef MuefYMumjcif;tjyif ae&w,f/ yifyef;w,f? pm;p&dwf
awGU&onf/
xm;0,f N rd K U uk e f ; vrf ; yd k Y bPfESifh uneodkY ydkufqHoGif; ukew
f ,f/ aeYcsi;f Ny;D apcsiw
f ,f}}
,if;aMumifh vsijf refpmG Ny;D pD; aqmifa&;TeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme0if;odYk Ny;D ,mOfvikd pf if oufaocH uwf [k yef;jyif&GmrS touf 27 ESpf
rnfh tpDtrH &Sad pvdak Mumif; qkid f a&muf&v
dS monfh qkid u
f ,frsm;udk jym;a&;onfhae&mwGif MuefYMum t&G,f udo
k ef;vGiu
f ajymonf/
u,fvikd pf ifjyKvkyo
f rl sm;ESihf qdik f One Stop Service t& aeYcsi;f Ny;D aMumif; qdkifu,ftusKd;aqmif
udkoef;vGif\ yef;jyif&GmrSm
u,ftusK;d aqmifrsm;uqdo
k nf/ atmif BudK;pm;aqmif& Gufae todik ;f t0dik ;f u ,lqonf/
xm;0,fNrKd UESihf wpfq,fo
h ;Hk rkid cf efY
One Stop Service jzifh vdi
k f aMumif; ,if;wm0ef&o
,cifu qdik u
f ,fvikd pf if jyK a0;Ny;D ol\ qdik u
f ,fvikd pf if&&ef
dS w
l pfO;D u
pifjyKvkyf&mwGif Xmetcsif;csif; ajymonf/
vkyaf y;onfh One Stop Service wef;pDaeonfrSm okH;&uf&SdNyDjzpf
csw
d q
f ufrI tm;enf; aESmifah ES;
qdkifu,fvdkifpif jyKvkyf&m ykpH rH mS wef;pDxm;onfh ae&mwGif onf/
aeNy;D pnf;vk;H Ny;D yl;aygif;vkyaf qmif wGif wpf&uftwGif; NyD;pD;onfh qdkifu,fcJjcpfjcif;? ,mOfppfjcif;
w&m;r0if wifoGif;xm;
oifo
h nf[q
k ikd u
f ,ftusK;d aqmif qkdifu,fta&twGufudk owf rsm;udk jyKvkyfay;um usefonfh onfh qdik u
f ,fukd vdik pf ifjyKvkyf
kd v
f yk o
f mG ; ay;onfh pDrHcsufumvtm; 5OD;odef;aZmfu ,lqonf/
rSwfum wef;pDxm;onfh qkdif tqifrh sm;udk qufwu
]]ESpf&uf okH;&ufavmuf u,frsm;teuf ,mOfydkif&Sif\ vQif csucf si;f Ny;D onf[k xm;0,f 6-2012 rS 4-10-2012 &uftxd
wef;pDNyD; ntdyaf pmifah e&w,f/ rSwfykHwifudk ,lNyD; tvSnfhus NrdKU? &SrvnfqGJ&yfuGufrS qdkif kH;csdeftwGif; av;vaqmif&Guf
Ny;D rS vdik pf if pvky&f w,f/ aeYcsi;f pepf j zif h vk y f a qmif a y;oif h u,ftusK;d aqmifwpfO;D u ol\ ay;oGm;rnfjzpfNy;D owfrw
S u
f mv
NyD;Edik w
f ehJ nf;vrf; &Smoifw
h ,f}} aMumif; qdkifu,fvdkifpiftusKd; ,cifqikd u
f ,f vdik pf ifjyKvkypf Of ausmfveG o
f mG ;ygu Edik if yH ikd t
f jzpf
[k qdik u
f ,ftusKd;aqmifwpfO;D aqmif OD;oefYu tBuHjyKonf/ u tawGUtBuHKudk ajymonf/ odr;f qnf;rnfjzpfaMumif; tpd;k &
vdkifpif pwifjyKvkyfpOfu u aMunmxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
u ajymonf/
]]tJ'Dvdk vkyf&if udk,fht
,mOfppfypHk rH sm; vmwifxm; vSnfuswJhaeY udk,fvmkHyJ/ vl qkid u
f ,fwpfp;D ESp&f ufom Mum
armfawmfqkdifu,f jyKvkyf
aomfvnf; vdik pf ifjyKvkyrf nfh ydik f awGvnf; ryifyef;awmhb;l / qdik f jrifch ahJ omfvnf; ,ckvuf&dS av; a&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk 1999 ckEpS frS
&Sif (odkYr[kwf) udk,fpm;vS,f u,fvnf; ntdyfwef;pDp&m &uftxd MuefMY umaMumif;? One 2012 ckEpS t
f xd ckepfBudrjf yKvkyf
ra&mufvmonft
h wGuf tzGUJ a&SU rvdak wmhb;l }}[k if;uqdo
k nf/ Stop Service [k aMunmxm; cJhonf/
Dawei Watch
pmrsufEmS F rS tquf
a&SUatmufajc&Sd rsufESmjyifudk
pdu
k x
f ;kd xm;onf/ ,if;rS tvif;
jyefonfhyHkpHjzifh pifay:&Sd xdkifcHk
wGif trSefwu,fxdkifaeouJh
odYk xdawGUvIy&f mS ;aeouJo
h Ykd zef
wD;wifqufxm;jcif;u xdik ;f Ekid if H
\ enf;ynmtoH;k csEikd rf u
I kd tod
trSwfjyKp&mjzpfonf/
'kwd,xyfrSm avSBuD;wpf
ck jyKvkyfxm;NyD; avS0rf;rS 0if
onfESifh oabFmwpfpif;twGif;
a&mufaeonhf cHpm;rI jzpfaom
tvkyform;wkdY\ toHwdkYjzifh
zefw;D xm;onf/ wkww
f \
Ydk a&
aMumif;ukefoG,frIESifh if;wkdY
tajccsvmonhf orkdif;jyuGuf
jzpf o nf / uk e f x rf ; aeonh f
wkwfvkyfom;rsm;ESifh 0wfpm;yHk
ukd yuwdvt
l &G,f tpm;twkid ;f
tkyfrsm;jzifh jyxm;onf/
a&mufco
hJ nhf jywku
d rf sm;\
jrifawGU&onft& xkdif;wkdYonf
if;wk\
Yd ukeo
f ,
G b
f ufjzpfaom
*syefEiS w
hf kww
f u
Ykd dk jywku
d rf sm;
ae&may;jyoxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf taqG
cifyeG ;f csi;f cs;D ajrm ufjcif;ESihf tav;
xm;rI\ jy,k*jf zpfonf/olww
Ydk iG f
trkef;w&m;r&dS? tjyeftvSefrDScdk
jcif;ESihf tusKd;wly;l aygif;jcif;om
&So
d nf/ ,if;twGuv
f nf; tul
tnDonf a&pD;a&vmaumif;
aom acsmif;ozG,f tydwt
f qdYk
r&dS pD;qif;aejcif; jzpfayrnf/
t,k',onf *syefEdkifiH\
axmufyhHrIudk tpOfwpdkuf &&dS
cJhonf/ olwkdYu pD;yGm;zuf rdwf
aqGcsif; uRefawmfwkdYESifhawmh
rwl/ uRefawmfwkdY orkdif;u
Murf; onf/ twdw\
f rSm;,Gi;f rI
rsm;twGuf EkdifiHu aMurwwf
cHcJhMu&onf/ ,cktcsdefumv
onf trkef;w&m;rsm; tm;vHk;
tNyD;wkdif arhypfum tavsmf
tpm;qkdonfxuf vlvlcsif;
tjrifo
h Ykd twlww
l uf&ef urf;&
rnfhtcsdefom jzpfygonf/
tdrfvGrf;jcif;
jywkdufqkdonfrSm twdfwf?
ypKyefESifh tem*wf t&mrsm;pGm
ukd csdwfqufay;rIwpfck jzpf
onf/ jywku
d &f jSd cif;onf okaw
oetwGu?f orkid ;f wefz;kd twGuf
omru vlom;wpfOD;pD tjyef
tvSef em;vnfru
I v
kd nf; wnf
aqmufay;Edkifygonf/ orkdif;\
rSeu
f u
l u
G rf sm;rSwpfqifh owif;
tcsuf? oifcef;pmESifh tm;enf;
csurf sm;udk jrifEidk Nf y;D xdrk S wpfqifh
uGufvyfrsm;udkvnf; jznhfEkdifyg
vdrrhf nf/ jywku
d q
f o
dk nfrmS a&S;
a[mif;ypnf;rsm;udk bDkdwGif
xnfh pmwrf;xdk;jy&ef ouf
ouf r[kwfawmhyg/ jywdkufqdk
onfrSm owif;tcsufay;&m
XmetjzpfomruawmhbJ yGaJ wmf
rsm;? Seminar rsm;ygvkyfvkdY
&onhaf e&mtjzpf Value added
vkyfaqmifaeMuNyD/ vlxk yg0if
ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrIrsm;ESifh
a&&Snw
f nfwNhH y;D wk;d wufatmif
aysmf&TifrI? azsmfajzrIrsm;pGmjzifh
yef;wdkifa&mufatmif csdwfquf
vk y f u d k i f a eMuNyD j zpf o nf / jy
wdu
k q
f adk omf? Marketing Strategy awG & S d o nf / jywk d u f \
t"d y m ,f o nf vl o m;wk d Y \
t"dym,fESifh wefzdk;? &SifoefrI\
t&omudk oifMum;ay;onhf
ae&mtjzpf ajymif;vJvmcJNh yD jzpf
onf/ xkdajymif;vJa&GUvsm;rIudk
owdrxm;rdygvQif uRefawmfwYdk
EkdifiHESifh vlrsKd;onf tjcm;wpf
yg;aom Edik if rH sm;u ikUH udik ;f Munfh
p&m jywkdufa[mif;wpfckxuf
ydkvGefp&m r&dSawmhyg/ wu,f
awmh uReaf wmfwEYkd idk if u
H ydik q
f idk f
xm;aom orkid ;f 0ifypn;f rsm;rSm
ord kif;wefzdk;rao;yg/ tcif;
tusi;f rsm;? qGaJ qmifrI enf;vrf;
rsm;udk acwfESifh avsmfnDpGm
toHk;csygu acwfordkif;\ ajc
vSrf;wdkYonf vkdufavsmnDaxG
rIrsm;ESifh ordkif;acwftNrJopf
aernfjzpfonf/ befaumuf\
yk*vdu wpfoQL;rsdK;yGm;enf;ynmoHk;
tBuD;jref ,luvpfyifrsm; ref;wGif atmifjrifpGm pdkufEdkifNyD
rEav;? Zlvikd f 16
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f yxrOD;qH;k yk*v
u
d Tissue Culture enf;
jzif h t BuD ; jref ,l u vpf y if r sm;tm; atmif j rif p G m rsd K ;xk w f
pdkufysdK;EdkifNyDjzpfaMumif; ref;&Sd *&dwfa0gvf tifwmae&Sife,f
uk r P D v D r d w uf r S od & onf /
]]wpfoQL;rsdK;yGm;enf;eJY rsdK;
xkwfxm;wJh tBuD;jref,luvpf
yif[m ESp&f n
S pf u
kd yf sdK;p&mrvdb
k J
av;ESpMf umNyD;wJah emuf tvSnhf
uscw
k ,
f Nl y;D opfvyk if ef;rSmtoH;k
jyKEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f}} [k if;
ukrPDrS wm0ef&Sdol wpfOD;u
ajymonf/
tBuD ; jref ,l u vpf y if
onf wpfoQL; rsdK;yGm;enf;jzifh
wpf{uvQif wpfESpf 15 ukA
rDwmrS 25 ukArDwmtxd BuD;
xGm;EdkifNyD;omref ,luvpfyif
onf wpfESpfwpf{uvQif 1
'or 5 ukArDwmom BuD;xGm;
EdkifaMumif; od&onf/
wpfoQL; rsdK;yGm;enf;jzifh
tBuD;jref ,luvpftjyif uRef;
opf? rsdK;aumif;rsdK;oefY BuH?
b&mZD; iSufaysm? aq;zuf0if
opfcGrsm;vnf; *&dwfa0gvfrS
xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;aeaMumif; od&
onf/
]]t&ifpu
kd cf w
hJ hJ ,luvpfyif
awG [ majrqD c ef ; NyD ; a&tpd k
"mwfpkyf,lrIrsm;w,fvdkY ,lq
cJhMuayr,fh 'DaeY ynm&SifawG&JU
prf ; oyf c suf t & taph x k w f

ajymif;? vufzufyif? a&mfbmyif
wdx
Yk uf a&pky,
f rl I enf;aMumif;
udk awGUvm&ygw,f}} [k *&dwf
a0gvfrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u qdk
onf/
tBuD;jref ,luvpfyifudk
wkwjf ynfwiG f jynfe,faygif; 10
ck? NrdKUe,faygif; 660 wdkYwGif
tyif 3 'or 8 oef;? [uf
wm 9 'or 5 oef; pdkufysdK;
xm;Ny;D b&mZD;Edik if w
H iG f [ufwm
5 oef; pdu
k yf sdK;xm;aMumif; od&
onf/
tqdyk gtyifonf puLaysmh
zwftjzpfvnf;aumif;? txyf
om;opfyg;vTmrsm;tjzpfvnf;
aumif;? Budwfom;jyKvkyf&eft
wGuv
f nf;aumif;opftacsmxnf
y&dabm*ESihf ygau;jym;rsm;tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? avmifpmxif;
tjzpfvnf;aumif;? aq;zuf0if
tyiftjzpfvnf;aumif; pufrI
ukefMurf;opfyiftjzpf toH;k 0if
aMumif; od&onf/
vif;yGifhrIrsm;atmufwGif trsKd;
om;jywkdufukd uRefawmf vGrf;
onf/ Adv
k cf sKyfatmifqef;jywku
d f
udk uRefawmf vGrf;onf/ rdk;xJ
avxJBuHBh uHch &H yfaeaom twGi;f
0efrsm;k;H ESiahf &S;a[mif;taqmuf
ttHrk sm;ukd uReaf wmf vGr;f onf/
aq;ok w f topf v k y f v k d u f
aom yk*Hbk&m;rsm;ukd uRefawmf
vGrf;onf/ rSefbDkdrsm;twGif;rS
ordkif;wefzdk;rsm;udk vGrf;onf/
vlrod olrod epfjrKyfaeaom
EkdifiHwpfeHwpfvsm;rS tzdk;wef
orkdif; tarGrsm;ukdvGrf;onf/
raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f &if;
iHkYvQKd;aysmufqHk;aeaom ,Of
aus;rIrsm;ukd vGrf;onf/ jzpfEkdif
rnfqkdygu vGrf;vdkY usef&pfcJh
jcif;ukd &Suf rcHpm;vdkawmh
aMumif; 0efcHjcif;jzpfygonf/
kwfw&uf ab;rS twif;
qJGac:aom wupDorm;? c&m
oH w&TD&TDESihf txkyfudk qJGrnf
jyif a eaom tvk y f o rm;rsm;
aMumifh uRefawmf tdyfrufrS Edk;

olvkd jzpfomG ;onf/ ok0Pbrl d
avqdy\
f tpdwt
f ydik ;f wpfck
pmrQom&dSaom &efukeftjynf
jynfqkdif&mavqdyfonf xHk;pH
twkid ;f qlno
H uf0ifaeygonf/
tiSm;um;rsm;u avqdyt
f wGi;f
ESihf tjyifywfarmif;&if; vlac:ae
onf/ rMum;&wm Mumaeaom
[Ge;f oHEiS hf c&moH/ atmf[pfBurd ;f
armif;oH/ ydwfaeaomum;rsm;?
tdrfvGrf;pdwfu zswfceJ vefYEdk;
oGm;onf/ rIdif;ndKUaeaom rdk;
om; wdrfawmifwkdYjzifh &efukef
aumif;uifonf NydKrvdkvdk ndK
vsuf/ t&dSefESifh jzwfarmif;oGm;
aom um;wpfpD;u a&tkdifudk
eif;onf/ jzef;ceJviG phf ifvmaom
a&pufrsm;udktvdkufoifh a&Smif
vdu
k &f if;rS uReaf wmf pdwcf svuf
cs awG;rdonf/
uRefawmf tdrjf yefa&mufNyD/
PN-011
atmif c G e f ; quf
Vol.4, No.28 ,July 19 , 2012
trsdK;orD; pGrf;aqmifrIjrifhwifa&;oifwef;zGih f jcif; acsmif;qHkwGif wm;jrpf

acsmif;qH?k Zlvikd f 15
rGefa'ovlrIzGHUNzdK;a&;uGef&ufrS acsmif;qHkNrdKUe,ftwGif;zGifhvSpfaom trsdK;orD;pGrf;aqmifrIjrifhwifa&;oifwef;udkqufvuf

aqmif & G u f j cif ; rjyK&ef Nrd K Ue,f t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;u wm;jrpf c J h a Mumif ; od & onf /
'Dru
kd a&pD Edik if aH wmfwnf
aqmufa&;vkyfief;wGif tod
tjrif yGiv
hf if;vmapa&;twGuf
vlxkynmay; vkyfief;rsm;udk
aqmif&u
G v
f su&f adS om rGeaf 'o
vlrI zGUH NzdK;a&;uGe&f ufonf rGef
jynfe,f? acsmif;qHNk rdKUe,f? bd;k
euf&mG ?aZ,s0o
H bke;f Bu;D ausmif;
Zlvdkif 9 &ufrS 13 &ufaeY
txd oifwef;zGifhvSpfrnf[k
owfrSwfxm;cJh&m Zlvdkif 12
&ufaeYwiG f cdik t
f yk cf sKyfa&;rSL;H;k
rS wpfpHkwpf&m TefMum;csuf
rvmojzifh qufvufaqmif
&Gujf cif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfco
hJ nf[k
tqdyk g uGe&f ufrS 'kw,
d ndE idI ;f
a&;rSL;udrk if;rif;EG,u
f ajymonf/
]]vlxyk nmay; vkyif ef;awG

udk rGefeJY u&ifuNrdKUe,fawGrSm
oufqikd &f m tmPmydik af wG&UJ cGihf
jyKcsufeJY uRefawmfwdkY tBudrf
Budrv
f yk cf NhJ y;D ygNy;D tckvkd wm;jrpf
cH&wm 'gyxrqH;k tBudryf g}}[k
if;uajymonf/
]]oifwef; zGifhcGifhtwGuf
Zlvdkif 5 &ufaeYwGif NrdKUe,ftkyf
csKyfa&;rSL;xH pmwifcJhonf[k
if;u qufvufajymonf/
,if;ESihf ywfouf acsmif;
qH k N rd K Ue,f tk y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;
OD ; tmumpd k ; xH o d k Y Popular
News rS zkef;jzifh qufoG,far;
jref;cJh&m wpfpHkwpf&m jyefvnf
ajz Mum;jcif;r&Sday/
2012 aEGumvu acsmif;

qHNk rKd Ue,f rk&pfuav;&Gm&Sd aemuf
wd;k bke;f BuD;ausmif;wGif rGeaf 'o
vlrI zGUH NzdK;a&;uGe&f ufrS ,cifNrdKU
e,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL; OD;rd;k jrif\
h cGijhf yK
csufjzifh oifwef;wpfBudrfzGifh
vSpfcJhNyD;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]tckNrdKUe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;
rSL;u wm0ef,lrIenf;w,f}}[k
if;u rSwfcsufjyKonf/ tqdkyg
oifwef ;od k Y rk ' Ge f;? bd k;euf ?
uanmEf iS hf uawmifped f &Gmrsm;rS
oifwef;om; 25 OD;wufa&muf
cJo
h nf[k csi;f rdik w
f uov
kd rf S bGUJ
&&SdcJhaom oifwef;enf;jy a':
Zmenfjrifhu ajymonf/
tqdyk guGe&f ufonf aumhu
&dw?f oHjzLZ&yf? rk'Hk? a&;?

taygif?acsmif;qHEk iS hf armfvNrKd if
NrKd Uwdw
Yk iG f jynfoeYl w
D ?d vlrt
I zGYJ
tpnf;qdkif&m pDrHcefYcGJa&;?
vli,fprG ;f aqmifrI jri w
hf ifa&;?
trsdK;orD;pGr;f aqmifrjI riw
hf if
a&;ESifh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;
a&;qdik &f m oifwef;rsm;udk ydcYk s
vsuf&Sdonf/
rGefa'ovlrIzGHUNzdK;a&;
uGef&ufonf 2009 ckESpf
uwnf;u toif;tzGUJ qdik &f m
zGJUpnf;cGifhwifxm;cJhNyD; ,aeY
wdkifrusao;ojzifh wifxm;
qJtqifhjzifh vlxkynmay;
vkyif ef;rsm;udak qmif&u
G v
f suf
&Sdonf/
vif;OD;
2012-2013 ig;zrf;&moDtwGuf rGefjynfe,frS

ig;zrf;uGufrsm; avvHwif
armfvNrdKif? Zlvikd f 15
rGefjynfe,f ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;XmerS 2012-2013 ig;zrf;&moD

twGufrGefjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd ig;zrf;uGuf 109 uGufESifh *g;
ckepfcu
k kd Zlvikd f 9 &ufu tdwzf GifhavvHwifa&mif;cscJhaMumif;
od & onf /
tqdyk gyGw
J iG f ig;zrf;uGuu
f ;kd
uGufESifh *g;wpfcka&mif;cscJhNyD;
ZGefv 27 &ufu jyKvkyfaom
a&mif;csyGJwGif ig;zrf;uGuf 66
uGufESifh *g; ajcmufck a&mif;cs
cJah Mumif;? use&f adS om ig;zrf;uGuf
rsm;udk Zlvdkif 18 &ufESifh 27
&ufwiG f toD;oD;a&mif;csrnfjzpfNy;D
quf vufusef&adS eygu Mo*kwf
v 9 &ufwGif xyfrHa&mif;cs
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]'DEpS af wmh rESpu
f xuf aiG
ydk&vdrfhr,fxifw,f? EdkifiHawmf
twGuf aiGvkw
d ,fqakd yr,fh ig;
vkyfief;&SifawGu tNydKiftqdkif
wif'gqGJaeMuawmh pm;oHk;ol
jynfolawGyJ aemufqHk;cH&rSmyJ/
csifhcsifhcsdefcsdefavvHqGJMuygvdkY
ig;vkyfief;&SifawGudk uRefawmf
rS m cJ h y gw,f } }[k rG e f j ynf e ,f
pdu
k ^f arG; 0efBuD;OD;rsKd ;Geu
Yf ajym
onf/
vuf&t
d S csed w
f iG f 2012-2013
ig;zrf;&moDtwGuf ig;zrf;uGuf
a&mif;&aiG 3577 'or 51 ode;f
&&Sx
d m;Ny;D 2011-2012 ig;zrf;&m
oDwGif rGefjynfe,ftaejzifh aiG
usyf 3859 'or 13 odef;&&Sd
cJhaMumif; od&onf/
aejynfawmfaumifpeD ,fajrtwGi;f qif;&JErG ;f yg;rIavQmch sa&; pwifaqmif&uG af e[kqdk

aejynfawmf? Zlvidk f 15
aejynfawmfaumifpDe,fajrNrdKUe,f &SpfNrdKUe,f&dS aus;&Gmrsm;tm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavQmhcsa&;tpDtpOft& uGif;qif;ppfaq;

aqmif & G u f r I rsm; jyKvkyfaeaMumif; ysOf;rem;Nrd K UtaxG a xG t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;H k ; 'k O D ; pD ; rS L ;OD ; csrf ; rif ; vwf u ajymonf /
iSufzsm;jzpfyGm;rIaMumifh aoqHk;rIusqif;onfh &v'fudk

qufvufxdef;odrf;xm;&efvdk[k qdk
rGefjynfe,fwGif iSufzsm;jzpfyGm;rI? aoqHk;rI avsmhenf;

vmjcif;&v'fudk qufvufxdef;odrf;&efvdkaMumif; rGefjynfe,f
0efBuD;csKyfOD;tkef;jrifhu Zlvdkif 13 &ufwGif ajymonf/
rG e f j ynf e ,f taxG a xG
a&m*gukaq;HBk uD; jyKvkyaf om
iSuzf sm;a&m*gumuG,f wdu
k zf suf
a&; &ufowywftcrf;tem;
wGif if;u ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpf
onf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJvmjcif;?
iS u f z sm;yd k ; rsm; aq;,Of y g;rI
jyem &Sdvmjcif;? jcifrsm;\
tavh t xajymif ; vJ v mjcif ;
ponfh taMumif;rsm;aMumifh iSuf
zsm;tygt0if aoG;vGew
f yk af uG;
a&m*g)? (csDuef*efnm) tzsm;
a&m*gESifh OD;aESmufa,mifa&m*g
rsm;jyefvnfO;D armhvmEdik af Mumif;
0efBuD;u ajymonf/
rGejf ynfe,f use;f rma&;OD;pD;
Xme?iSuzf sm;a&m*gumuG,w
f u
kd f
zsufa&;Xmeonf a&TUajymif;vkyf
om;rsm; t0if? txGuw
f iG f iSuf
zsm;yd;k &Srd &Sd ppfaq;Ny;D aq;ukorI
ay;jcif;? jcifaxmifprd af q;jym; ESihf
jcifaxmifrsm; aq;pdrfay;jcif;?
tvkyform;rsm;xJrS pdwf0ifpm;
olrsm;udk a&G;cs,fNyD; iSufzsm;
a&m*g aoG;ppfuo
k jcif;oifwef;
ydkYcsay;NyD; aq;0g;ESifh aoG;ppf
ud&d,mrsm; axmufyHhay;jcif;wdkY
udk jyKvkyaf y;vsu&f adS Mumif;? iSuf
zsm;a&m*gESihf ywfouf jynfol
wpf&yfvHk; usef;rma&; tod
ynmwdk;yGm;vmap&efESifh a&m*g
umuG,Ef rdS ef if;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf
ES D ; EG , f o nf h Xmeqd k i f & mrsm;?
NGO,INGOrsm;ESiy
hf ;l aygif;yg0if&ef
,aeY tcrf;tem;usif;y&jcif;
jzpfaMumif; 0efBuD;csKyfu ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
tqdkygtcrf;tem;odkY rGef
jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfEiS 0hf efBuD;rsm;?
Xmeqdik &f mtBuD;tuJrsm;? NGO,
INGO ESifh &yfuGufjynfolrsm;
wufa&mufcJhMuNyD; rGefjynfe,f
usef;rma&;OD;pD;rSL; a'gufwm
at;Nidrf;u iSufzsm;a&m*gum
uG,f ESdrfESif;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;
taMumif; tao;pdyf&Sif;vif;
ajymMum;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
xl ; xl ; (armf v Nrd K if )
tzGJU0if 6 OD;yg OD;csrf;rif;

vwfOD;aqmifaom tzGJUonf
Zlvidk v
f 15 &ufaeYtxd wpfNrKd U
e,fvQif aus;&Gm&Spf&GmEIef;jzihf
aus;&Gmaygif; 64 &GmuGif;qif;
aqmif&u
G pf pfaq;cJah Mumif; if;
u ajymonf/
txufygtpDtpOft& ouf
qkid &f me,fy,ftvku
d f ynmay;
jcif;? ulnaD xmufyrhH aI y;jcif;rsm;
udk aqmif&GufMuNyD; aejynf
awmfaumifprD S wpfBudru
f iG ;f qif;
wkdif; a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;aqmif&Guf
&ef E S i f h tao;pm;jyKjyif r I r sm;

toH;k cs&eftaxGaxGuek u
f sp&dwf
tjzpf aiGusyfig;odef; axmuf
yHv
h su&f o
dS nf[k txufygyk*Kd vf
uajymonf/
]]aejynfawmfaumifpDe,f
ajr&SpNf rKd Ue,fv;kH rSm vkyw
f myg/ &Spf
Nrd K Ue,f v H k ; twd k i f ; twmt&
wpfNrKd Ue,f &Sp&f mG EIe;f eJ&Y mG aygif; 64
&GmNy;D oGm;Ny/D ysO;f rem;taeeJaY wmh
aus;&Gm&Spcf ?k tdraf jcaygif; 1383
vH;k ? tdraf xmifpak ygif; 1453 pk?
vlOD;a& 6272 OD;xJu 905
OD;udk a'owGif;rSmyJ aq;uk

ay;cJhw,f/ 43 OD;udk aq;Hkudk
ydkYaqmifNyD; tcrJhukay;cJhw,f/
aus;&GmaejynfolawG pdkufxm;
wJv
h ,fawG? ,mawG? enf;pepf
ydik ;f eJY yd;k rTm;a&m*gqkid &f m ynmay;
wmawG? aq;zsef;ay;wmawG
vkyfcJhw,f/ NyD;awmh rD;zdkacsmif
p&dwf umrdatmifvdkY NcH0dkif;awG
xJ r S m wpf y d k i f w pf E k di f p dk u f cif ;
av;awG vkyfay;EkdifcJhw,f/ a&
raumif;wJ&h mG rSm a&ppft;dk toH;k
jyKenf;awG jyow,f/ a&qd;k oefY
pifaq;eJY a&oefYpifaq;awG
ay;tyfcJhw,f}} [k 'kOD;pD;rSL;
OD;csrf;rif;vwfu ajymonf/
ysOf;rem;NrdKUwGif aus;&Gm
tkyfpk 30 ESifh &yfuGuf 5 ck&Sd
onht
f eufrS aus;&Gmaygif; 144
&Gmudk uGif;qif;aqmif&Gufrnf
[kowif;&&So
d nf/,if;tpDtpOf
onfaejynfawmfaumifp\
D tpD
tpOfomjzpfNyD; tjcm;rnfonhf
ygwDu,
kd pf m;jyKrS r[kwaf Mumif;
xyfavmif;od&onf/
pG r f ; &J x G # f
acsmif;qHk tdrf NcH ajr *&efr&dSjcif;aMumifh jcpm;rIjyem xdef;csKyf&efcuf

acsmif;qH?k Zlvikd f 15
acsmif;qHkNrdKUe,ftwGif;&dS tdrf? NcH? ajrtrsm;pkrSm *&efr&dSjcif;aMumifh vmbfay;vmbf,lrIjyemudk xdef;csKyf&efcufcJ

aMumif ; rG e f j ynf e ,f v T w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f a'guf w matmif E k d i f O D ; u ajymonf /
]]ajrta&mif;t0,f vkyw
f hJ
olawGu 105 yHkpH ajryHkvdkcsif
Muw,f/ 105 yHkpHqkdwmu 'D
ajrBuD;ajryHrk mS 'Dvu
l tvkyv
f yk f
aew,fqw
dk hJ taxmuftxm;/
tJ'gudk ajrwkdif;awGu vkyfay;
w,f/ em;vnfrIeJY ay;Muurf;
Muw,f}} [k if;u ajymonf/
acsmif;qHkNrdKUe,f ajrpm&if;
OD;pD;rS wm0ef&o
Sd w
l pfO;D u ajrpm
&if;OD;pD; taejzifh 105 yHpk H rxkwf
ay;[k ajymonf/
acsmif ; qH k N rd K Ue,f urmrd k a us;&G m
acsmif;qHkNrdKUe,f&dS ajrwkdif;
pma&;tcsKUd ESihf &yfâus; tkycf sKyf
ao;onht
f wGuf *&efr&dSonf
]]wavmu 116 ode;f wef wdusus rod&dS[k ajymonf/
a&;rSL;tcsKdUonf tdrf? NcH? ajr tdrf? NcH? ajrta&mif;t0,f jzpf
]]uRefawmfwdkY acsmif;qHkrSm rSm rSefuefaMumif;? xdkYaMumifh
ta&mif;t0,f jyKvkyf&mwGif w,f/ yHkrSefqdk &GmtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; u ajr*&ef r&dSMuwm rsm;wJh acsmif;qHk tdr?f NcH? ajr ta&mif;
,cif u wefz;kd \ 10 &mckid Ef eI ;f eJY ajrwkdif;ukd 10 odef;avmuf twGuf em;vnfrIeJYyJ a&mif;ae t0,ftrsm;pkrmS w&m;r0ifonhf
txd awmif;avh&dSaomfvnf; ay;&rSm/ tcku ajrta&mif; 0,faeMuw,f/ em;vnfrIqkd oabmjzpf em;vnfrIjzihfom
,cktcgwGifrl ta&mif;t0,f t0,fvkyfwJholawG ay;wJh ig; awmh w&m;0if rjzpf r csif ; a&mif;0,faeMuaMumif; ajrpm
vkyfolwdkY MunfjzLpGm ay;aom aomif;udkyJ ,lw,f}} [k if; vmbfay;vmbf,u
l &daS erSmyJ}} &if;OD;pD;rS od&onf/ vê 39
aiGuo
kd m ,lonhjf zpf&yfrsm;vnf; u ajymonf/
[k acsmif;qHkNrdKUay:rS tNidrf;pm; qko
d nfrmS v,f,majrudk tjcm;
&d S v maMumif ; acsmif ; qH k N rd K UrS
ajrpm&if;OD;pD;rS wm0ef&dSol t&m&dSwpfOD;u ajymonf/
enf;toH;k jyKrI avQmufxm;jcif;
touf 27 ESpt
f &G,f&dS trsKd; url atmufajcwGif ay;Mu,lMu
acsmif;qHkNrdKUe,f&Sd tdrf? NcH? jzpfonf[k acsmif;qHkajrpm&if;
om;wpfOD;u ajymonf/
onhf udp&yfrsm;udk aocsm wd ajr trsm;pkrSm vê-39 rus OD;pD;rS od&onf/
vif;OD;
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
2012 ckESpf Zlvkdifv 10 &ufaeYwGif aejynfawmf&dS orwtdrfawmf orwBuD; OD;odef;pdeftm; Financial Times owif;pmrS
[de;f vwf bmomjyefonf/
Gwen Robinson u awGYqkHar;jref;cJhjcif;rS aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
oH;k ESpftwGif; *sD'DyD oH;k qwkd;wuf&ef
vwfwavmcsrSwfxm;aom yef;wkdif
ESifhywfouf a0zefolrsm;u rjzpf
Ekid [
f ak jymMum;csuftay: ar;jref;csuf
'gu jynfoludk pdwf"mwf
tm;ay;vIaYH qmfzYkd BudK;pm;wJh enf;
vrf;wpfcyk g/ pmar;yJt
G wGuf jyif
qifaewJah usmif;om;wpfa,muf
taeeJY yef;wkid u
f kd odyu
f kd jrifjh rifh
rm;rm;xm;&ovdkrsKd;aygh/ 'g[m
vnf; jynfolawGukd BudK;pm;NyD;
pdwf"mwfoGif;ay;wmyg/ 'gawG
wu,fjzpf&r,fvYkd wGuq
f xm;
wJht"dym,f r[kwfygbl;/ uRef
awmfwu
Ykd tem*wfacs;aiGawGeYJ
axmufyHhrIawG? tem*wf&if;EDS;
jrK yfErHS aI wG jzpfEidk pf &m tm;vH;k udk
MunhNf y;D &if;ES;D jrK yfEo
HS l trsm;BuD;
eJY pum;ajymaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
taumif;jrifrIudk rsm;EdkiforQ
rsm;rsm; jrifzYkd BudK;pm;aeygw,f/
jynfoludk tm;ay;vIHYaqmfwJh
enf;taeeJaY &m? 'DaeYacwf uRef
awmfwdkY EkdifiHtwGuf &nfrSef;
csufawG wwfEdkiforQ jrihfjrifh
rm;rm; csrSww
f t
hJ aeeJaY &m vkyf
aqmifaeygw,f/ 'gatmifjrif
r,f ratmifjrifb;l qkw
d mu odyf
ta&;ygwJh udp r[kwfygbl;/
vkyif ef;pOfu ydt
k a&;BuD;ygw,f/
jynfou
l kd pdw"f mwfvaYHI qmf tm;
ay;wmeJY tJ'Dyef;wkdifukd csrSwf
wmu ydkta&;BuD;ygw,f/
aphpyfnEd iId ;f a&;ESiUf

a':atmifqef;pkMunf
ppftpdk;&eJY a':atmifqef;
pkMunfw?Ydk ol&UJ trsKd;om;'Dru
dk
a&pDtzJUG csKyfw&Ydk UJ Mum;rSm rwnf
NidrfrIeJY 0da&m"dawGu vGefcJhwJh
ESpEf pS q
f ,fv;kH vH;k &dcS yhJ gw,f/ tck
awmh aphpyfnEd iId ;f a&;udk a&SUwk;d
vkyaf qmifNy;D yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G zf Ykd
&SmazGwmu ta&;BuD;aeygNyD/
Edik if aH &;t& aphpyfnEd iId ;f wm
rsK;d ukd atmifjrifz&Ykd mu oleaYJ &m?
olU&JUygwDeaYJ &m &if;&if;ES;D ES;D quf
qHzt
Ykd a&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'Dvykd J Edik if H
wGi;f Edik if yH u wjcm;tkypf ak wGeYJ
vnf; 'Dvv
kd yk zf t
Ykd a&;Bu;D ygw,f/
'gaMumifh uReaf wmf a':atmif
qef;pkMunfeYJ 2011 rSmawGUcJw
h m
yg/ aphpyfndEdIif;zdkY enf;vrf;udk
BudK;pm;&Smwmyg/ 'D&nfreS ;f csuu
f kd
pdwrf mS xm;NyD; wlnw
D ehJ m;vnfrI
awG b,frSm&dSrvJqkdwm quf
pyfvyk u
f ikd zf Ykd wlnw
D t
hJ aetxm;
awG&mS azGz?Ykd qufvufaqG;aEG;zdYk
twGuf &SmazGzdkY vkyfcJhwmyg/
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pD tzJUG csKyf
tygt0if wjcm;ygwDawGeYJ Ekid if H
a&;vkyif ef;pOfrmS yl;aygif;aqmif
&Guzf u
Ykd pd u
ay:xGe;f vmygw,f/
olwyYkd gwDukd w&m;0if rSwyf w
kH ifzYkd
vkyaf y;cJyh gw,f/ tusOf;axmif
xJrmS &dw
S hJ wjcm;olawGuv
kd nf;
vkyaf y;cJyh gw,f/ pkpak ygif;tusO;f
om; 28000 udk vTwaf y;cJw
h ,f/
tJ'DtxJrSm trsm;pku EkdifiaH &;
tusO;f om;awGyg/ aemufNy;D {NyD
v 1 &ufaeYrSmvnf; Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyv
GJ yk af y;Ny;D ygwDtm;
vH;k 0ifNyKd ifEidk zf Ykd zefw;D ay;cJyh gw,f/
'gaMumifh tck a':atmif
qef;pkMunfeYJ ol&UJ vkyaf zmfuikd f
zufwcsKdUu vTwfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,af wGjzpfaeygNy/D oabmxm;
uGv
J rGJ aI wG tawmfrsm;rsm; &daS e
OD;rSmyJqdkwm uRefawmf aocsm
aygufoyd gw,f/ 'gayrJh 'gawGu
uReaf wmfwYdk a&SUqufNy;D aqG;aEG;
&rSmyg/ 'DvBkd udK;yrf;rIawGeYJ uRef
awmfwdkYu wnfNidrfrIeJY aemuf
nEd idI ;f rIawGuq
kd ufvyk af eygw,f/
'DqufqaH &;awGu &v'ftaeeJY
trsm;BuD; wkd;wufvmw,fvdkY
uRefawmf ,HkMunfygw,f/ BuD;
rm;wJah wGUqHq
k ufqrH aI wGaMumifh
uReaf wmfwYdk ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufem;vnf
rI[m wdk;yGm;cJhygw,f/
tultnD? &if;ES;D jrKyfErHS EI iS Uf ydwq

f rhkd rI sm;
uReaf wmfwu
Ydk ukvor*eYJ
wjcm;tzJUG tpnf;awGqu
D tul
tnDawG vkdaeygw,f/ EkdifiH
wum pD;yGm;a&;tzJUG tpnf;awG
qDuvnf; acs;aiGawG? axmuf
yHhrIawG vdkygw,f/ ck tcsdefrSm
'DaxmufyrhH aI wGu uRefawmfwYdk
ukd tultnDay; Ekdifygw,f/
'gayrJ h uRef a wmf w d k Y u
taxmuftyHh tultnD rSDcdkwJh
EkdifiHvnf; rjzpfcsifygbl;/ tul
tnDeYJ taxmuftyHah wG? tod
ynmeJY acs;aiGawG 'DtcsdefrSm
wu,fyJ vdyk gw,f/ 'grS uRef
awmfwYdk ajcESpaf csmif;ay:rSm&yfEidk f
rSmyg/ 'grSvnf; 'DEikd if u
H pD;yGm;a&;
wk;d wufrv
I yk Ef idk rf mS yg/ tck avm
zHGUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ESifU qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI
avQmhcsa&; tpDtpOfrsm;
0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;eJY &Spd Ofwek ;f
u uRefawmf rMumcP jynfol
awGeJY awGUqHk&ygw,f/ olwkdY&JU
vdt
k yfcsuaf wGeYJ Ekid if aH wmf&UJ pD;yGm;
a&;tajctaeawGuo
kd zd Ykd BudK;pm;
cJyh gw,f/ 'gu uReaf wmf orw
jzpfvmr,fvdkY arQmfvifhNyD; pDpOf
awGUqHkcJhwm r[kwfygbl;/ uRef
awmfu jyemeJY pdeaf c:rIawGukd
em;vnfatmif BudK;pm;cJhwmyJ
jzpfygw,f/
uReaf wmf uk,
d w
f idk u
f vnf;
odyq
f if;&JwhJ todik ;f t0dik ;f u arG;
zGm;cJw
h myg/ 'DEidk if &H UJ qif;&Jrt
I awGU
oGm; tvkyfvkyfaewJh tvkyf

orm;u oH;k oef;ausm&f aSd ew,f/
olwt
Ydk wGuf tvkyaf wG BudK;pm;
zefw;D ay;zdYk ta&;BuD;w,f/ uRef
awmfwkdYEkdifiHxJrSm tvkyform;
awG vkyfudkifEkdifr,fh pufkHawG
&if;EDS;jrKyfESHzdkY vdkaew,f/
uR$rf;usifrI enf;enf;yg;yg;
&dSwJh tvkyform;awGukd tcsdef
wkt
d wGi;f rSm avhusiahf y;Ny;D 'Dvkd
pufrHk sK;d awG zHUG NzKd ;vmwmukd uRef
awmfwYdk odyjf rifcsifygw,f/ 'Dvkd
pufrHk sK;d awG zefw;D Ny;D tvkyaf wG
zefwD;ay;zdkY enf;vrf;awG uRef
awmfwkdY &Smaeygw,f/
pkdufysKd;a&;awG vkyfp&m
awGw;dk wufzv
Ykd nf;vkycf siw
f ,f/
owKwl;azmfa&;awGrmS wk;d wuf
vkypf &mawG&w
Sd ,f/ jrpfawGuae
a&tm;vQyfppfawG trsm;BuD;
xkwfvdkY&ao;w,f/ aMu;eef;
qufo,
G af &;awG? tdik w
f eD YJ enf;
ynmawGvnf; vkyf&OD;r,f/ &Gm
tenf;i,frmS yJtajccHqufo,
G f
a&;pepfawG &dSaeao;vdkY 'gawG
qufvkyfp&mawG&dSao;w,f/
'gawGtm;vH;k vkyzf t
Ykd wGuf
uRefawmfwrYdk mS &if;ES;D jrKyfErHS aI wG
avsmhenf;aew,f/ uRefawmfwYkd
jyifyu todynmawG vdt
k yfae
w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY
BudK;yrf;rIawGukd ESpq
f wk;d &r,f/
Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK yfErHS u
I kd qJaG qmifzYkd
BudK;pm;&mrSm wu,fudk tmkH
pdkufvkyfzdkY vdkw,f/ 'grSvnf;
pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrI &Ekdifw,f/
uRefawmfwkdYu tultnD
awG taxmuftyHhawG vdkyg
w,f/ todynma&m wjcm;
tultnDawGa&maygh/
EdkifiHwum pD;yGm;a&;tzGJU
tpnf ; awG q D u vnf ; tul
tnDawG vkdygw,f/
wyfrawmft&m&du
S ae trsKd;om;acgif;
aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJvmjcif;eJh wkdif;
&if;om; aomif;usef;olawGehJ Nidr;f csrf;
a&;aqG;aEG;yJG tajctae
uRefawmf[m wyfrawmf
om;taeeJY 'Dvufeufudkifwyf
awGukd wpfavQmufv;kH wdu
k cf &hJ yg
w,f/ uRefawmf olwu
Ydk kd tNrJyJ
&efov
l jkd rifcw
hJ ,f/ tck wpfEidk if H
vHk;&JU orwtaeeJY olwkdYukd
uRefawmf&U t
YJ jrifukd ajymif;vJzhkd ta&;BuD;w,fqw
dk m uRefawmf tpuwnf;u oabmaygufcyUJ gw,f/
ucsifppfom;wpfa,muf 'grSr[kwf trsKd;om;wyfu ppfom;wpfa,mufusqHk;&if 'g[m jrefrm
EkdifiHom;wpfOD; usqHk;wmeJh twlwlygyJ/ 'g[m EkdifiHwpfckvHk;&JY qHk;IH;rIygyJ/
avmq,f jyem 'grSr[kwf
pdeaf c:rIu bmvJqadk wmh pD;yGm;
a&;a&SUwufvmzdkY a&GUvsm;EkdifzdkY
twGuf uReaf wmfwYkd &if;ES;D jrK yfEHS
rIeJYacs;aiGawG odyfudk vdkaeyg
w,f/ 'Dvkd uRefawmfwYkd vkyEf idk f
zdt
Yk wGuf taemufEikd if rH sm;pGmu
uefo
Y wfcsuaf wG trsm;BuD;&daS e
w,f/ 'gudk uRefawmfwYkd NyD;cJw
h hJ
vaygif;rsm;pGmrSm &ifqidk cf &hJ w,f/
pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqkdYrIawG vHk;
vH;k vsm;vsm; zGiv
hf mzdYk uRefawmf
wkdY jrifcsifygw,f/ 'grS t"du
&if;ES;D jrK yfErHS aI wG jzpfEidk rf mS yg/ wpf
csed w
f nf;rSmyJ ajzavQmrh I twGuf
uRefawmfwYdk aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
pD;yGm;a&;ydwq
f rYkd aI wG kyo
f rd ;f
rS uReaf wmfwv
Ykd t
dk yfw&hJ if;ES;D jrK yfEHS
rIawG&rSmyg/'grSpufaHk wGaqmuf
Ekid rf ,f/ vkyif ef;udik if ef;awGzefw;D
Ekid rf ,f/ 'grSvnf; omrefjynfol
awG&UJ 0ifaiGawGw;dk yGm;vmEkid rf ,f/
jynfoal wGtwGuf usef;rma&;eJY
ynma&;awGw;dk wufvmEdik rf ,f/
'gawGtm;vHk; jzpfzdkYydwfqdkYwm;
qD;rIawG kyfodrf;&ygr,f/
tBuHKudk aumif;aumif; odcJhwJh

olyg/ uReaf wmf orw jzpfvmcJh
tcg 'DEdkifiH&JU qif;&JrIavQmhcs
a&;udk OD;pm;ay;vkyfcJhygw,f/
tck uRefawmf orw jzpf
vmygNy/D uReaf wmfh tawG;tac:
awG pdwful;awGudk aygif;pyfNyD;
jynfolawG&JUtajctaeukd vkyf
aqmifciG &hf v
Sd mygNy/D ynm&Siaf wG?
uRrf;usifolawGqDu tawG;
tac:opfawGeaYJ ygif;pyfNyD; uRef
awmf awGUBuHKcJhwJh jyemawG
twGuf wpfckck vkyfay;Ekdifr,fh
tcGit
hf a&;&vmygNy/D txl;ojzifh
tqif;&JqHk; jynfolawGtwGuf
uRefawmf vkyaf qmifaeygw,f/
Ekid if &H UJ wk;d wufrI wpfcv
k ;kH
NcHKMunhfvdkuf&if uRefawmfwkdYu
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;qkid &f m pD;yGm;a&;yJjzpfvYkd
tppftrSef csrf;omwJEh idk if t
H jzpf
ajymif;zd&Yk m pufrq
I idk &f mwk;d wufrI
awG wkd;jrifhzdkYenf;vrf;awG &SmzdkY
vdyk gw,f/ 'grSvnf; ydrk ckd srf;om
wJhtqifh&dSwJhEkdifiHawGeJY quf
oG,fvkyfaqmif EkdifrSmyg/
tck tdref ;D em;csi;f Edik if aH wGrmS
trsm;BuD;&daS eao;w,f/ Ekid if H&UJ

40 &mckid Ef eI ;f u obm0o,HZmw
awG &dSwJh awmawGyJ/ jrpfawG?
yifv,fawGrmS ig;zrf;p&m tcGihf
tvrf;awG &daS ew,f/ a&mfbmeJY
wjcm;pdkufcif;awG pojzifh vkyf
p&mawG&aSd ew,f/ 'gayrJh xGuf
ukeaf wGukd ukeMf urf;taeeJY Ekid if H
jcm; xkwfa&mif;wmxuf ukef
acsmvkyfa&mif;zdkYu ydkta&;BuD;
w,f/ Oyrm a&mfbmpdr;f ra&mif;
bJ wm,mpufaHk wGvyk Nf y;D a&mif;
wmrsK;d aygh/ opftvH;k vdu
k f a&mif;
r,fhtpm; y&dabm*awG vkyf
a&mif;wmrsK;d aygh/ 'gawGu uRef
awmfwYkd xkwu
f ek af wG&UJ wefz;kd udk
wkd;yGm;apw,f/ vkyfief;cGifawG
ydw
k ;dk vmapw,f/ 'gaMumifh jynf
olawG&UJ 0ifaiGawGvnf; wk;d vm
rSmyJ/
urf;vGef "mwfaiGUawGudk
uRefawmfwdkY tdrfeD;em;csif;EkdifiH
awGuakd &mif;aew,f/'gayrJ"h mwf
aiGUudk xkwfukeftrsKd;rsKd; zefwD;
vkyfudkif&if ydktusKd;&dSrSmyJ/ EkdifiH
wpf0ef;u tBu;D pm;pufrv
I yk if ef;
tajzwpfc&k UJ tpdwt
f ykid ;f quf
vkypf &mvdjYk rifygw,f/ uRefawmhf
&JUtjrifudkajymif;vJzdkY ta&;BuD;
w,fqkdwm uRefawmf tpu
wnf;u oabmaygufcyhJ gw,f/
ucsifppfom;wpfa,muf 'grS
r[kwf trsKd;om;wyfu ppfom;
wpfa,muf usq;kH &if 'g[m jref
rmEkdifiHom;wpfOD; usqHk;wmeJY
twlwyl gyJ/ 'g[m Ekid if w
H pfcv
k ;kH
&JU qHk;IH;rIygyJ/
'Dvufeufudkif wyfzJGUawG
u vlwkdif;ukd nDwlnDrQ av;
av;pm;pm;eJY qufqHzdkY? olwkdY&JU
wef;wlnrD Qvdrk q
I Eukd em;vnf
ay;zdkY BudK;pm;zdkYqkdwm b,f
avmuf t a&;BuD ; w,f q k d w m
apmapmyk d i f ; uwnf ; u uRef
awmf em;vnfoabmaygufyg
w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmjynf
u tajctaeeJY urmwpf0ef;u
wjcm; tajctaeawG&UJ uGmjcm;
csufu uRefawmfwkdYu tkyfpk
wpfcw
k nf;eJY Nird ;f csr;f a&; vkyaf e
&wmr[kwb
f ;l / 11 tkypf ek YJ Nidr;f
csrf;a&; vkyfae&wmyg/ 'g[m
f kd yI af xG;vSygw,f/ tJ'D 11
odyu
tkyfpkxJu 10 ckeJYawmh ueOD;
oabmwlrIawG&NyD;ygNyD/ typf
tcwf&yfpJEkdifcJhMuygNyD/ ajrmuf
bufu ucsifa'orSmawmh y#d
yuawG qufjzpfaeqJyg/ w&m;
0ifawGUqHrk aI &m? tvGwaf wGUqHrk I
awGa&mvkyfNyD; pum;ajymaeMu
ygw,f/ uReaf wmfwYdk pdw&f n
S Mf u
&ygr,f/
'DEdkifiHrSm 'Drkdua&pD r&dSbJ
Nird ;f csr;f a&; r&Edik yf gbl;/ Nird ;f csr;f
a&;r&db
S eJ v
YJ nf; 'Dru
dk a&pD r&Ekid f
ygbl;/ 1948 uwnf;u jynf
wGif; vufeufudkifykefuefrI[m
ESpf 60 MumaeygNyD/ jynfolawG
trsm;BuD ; cH p m;Mu&ygw,f /
txl;ojzifh wkid ;f &if;om;vlenf;pk
awGa'oawGrmS aygh/ uReaf wmh&f UJ
tjyif;jyqHk; qEawGGxJu wpf
ckuawmh y#dyuawG csKyfNidrf;
wmudk jrifcsifwmygyJ/ Nidrf;csrf;
a&;wnfNrJwmudk jrifcsifygw,f/
aemuf j yem wpf c k u
w&m;r0if rl;,pfaq;0g; udpy g/
e,fpyfutkypf t
k rsm;pk[m rl;,pf
aq;0g; xkwv
f yk w
f m? o,f,yl Ykd
aqmifwm? a&mif;0,fwmawGeJY
qufpyfaeMuygw,f/ vufeuf
ukeful;Muwmvnf; &Sd ygw,f/
w&m;r0ifrl;,pfaq;awG vHk;0
zsuo
f rd ;f zdYk yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G Mf u
&ygr,f/ 2015 us&if rl;,pf
aq;0g; vHk;0yaysmufzdkY tmqD
,Hu qHk;jzwfxm;ygw,f/
jyKjyifa&;orm;awGehJ
trmcHawGMum;u udp
uufbed uftzJUG rSm tajymif;
tvJawG &dcS w
hJ mu uufbed uf
xJrSm trmcHawG &dSvdkY r[kwfyg
bl;/ jyKjyifajymif;vJrIawGudk ckcH
wJ?h qefu
Y siw
f hJ olawG r&dyS gbl;/
uufbed ufxrJ mS tpd;k &u csrw
S f
xm;wJ h &nf r S e f ; csuf a wG u d k
oabmaygufatmif BudK;yrf;wJh
ae&mrSm aES;auG;olwcsKdUawmh
&dSEdkifygw,f/ 'gawGaMumifh t
ajymif;tvJawG vkdtyfaumif;
vdktyfEkdifygw,f/
,cif acgif;aqmif OD;oef;a&T udp

Edik if aH &; pepfu ajymif;vJchJ
ygNyD/ t&ifuvrf;twkdif; quf
avQmufvYkd r&Ekid af wmhb;l / pepf
tajymif;tvJ vdak eygw,f/ Adv
k f
csKyfrLS ;Bu;D oef;a&T&UJ tarGtESpu
f
'Dpepfopfukd wnfaxmifNy;D uRef
awmfwYu
kd kd a&SUqufvkyfaqmif
apwmygyJ/ tck uRefawmfwkdYu
acwfopfukd a&mufaeNy;D 'Dtpd;k &
eJY uRefawmfu t&m&mukd BudK;
pm;NyD; a&SUudkOD;aqmifaeMuwm
yg/ AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD; oef;a&Tu
vuf&dS tpdk;&ydkif;qkdif&mawGrSm
b,frmS rS yg0ifywfoufjcif; r&dS
awmhygbl;/ 'gayrJh olu t&if
wke;f u uRefawmh&f UJ tBuD;tuJ
wpfOD;yg/ uRefawmf av;pm;wJh
yk*Kd vfwpfO;D ygyJ/
pmrsufESm J odkY
J
2012 ckESpfonf tmqD,H
ESihf tar&duefEidk if MH um; yl;aygif;
aqmif&u
G rf I 35 ESpf jynfah jrmuf
onfhESpfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif tar
&dueftpdk;&rsm;twGuf vmrnfh
q,fEpS u
f mvtwGi;f ta&;BuD;
qH;k vkyif ef;wm0efwpfcrk mS tm&Sypdzw
d af 'owGio
f w
H refa&;t&
vnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;t&vnf;
aumif;? r[mAsL[mt&vnf;
aumif; tm;oGecf eG pf u
kd f yg0ifvyk f
aqmifzdkYjzpfonf[k tdkbm;rm;
tpd;k &uaMunmcJo
h nfh ta&;yg
onfrh 0l g'tajymif;tvJ\ wpfEpS f
jynfah wmhrnft
h csed v
f nf;jzpfonf/
Ny;D cJo
h nfw
h pfEpS w
f mumvtwGi;f
jzpfay:wd;k wufrrI sm;udk jyefajymif;
avhvmvQif tar&duefr0l g'opf
\ tmqD,t
H ay: tav;xm;rI
udk awGUEkdifrnfjzpfonftar&dueftaejzifh tqifh
jrifah cgif;aqmifrsm;tqif?h rl0g'
a&;&mtqifhESifh vufawGUvkyf
aqmifonfhtqifh tm;vHk;wGif
tmqD,EH iS hf xJx0J if0if yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufEkdif&eftwGuf aqmif
&Guv
f su&f o
Sd nf/ 2011 ckEpS w
f iG f
tar&duefEkdifiHonf yxrqHk;
tMudrt
f jzpf ta&SUtm&S xdyo
f ;D
tpnf;ta0; East Asia Summit (EAS) wG i f yg0if c J h N yD ;
bmvDwiG jf yKvkyo
f nfh tpnf;t
a0;odYk tdb
k m;rm;ud,
k w
f idk f wuf
a&mufco
hJ nf/ ta&SUtm&Sxyd o
f ;D
tpnf;ta0;onf rav;&Sm;0ef
BuD;csKyfa[mif; r[moD,mu
pwiftqdjk yKcJjh cif;jzpfNy;D yxrqH;k
tpnf;ta0;wGif tar&duefEidk if H
udk zdwfMum;jcif;rjyKbJ csefvSyf
xm;cJhonf/ ,cktpnf;ta0;
wGirf l tdb
k m;rm;ud,
fk w
f idk f wuf
a&mufcJh&Hkru yl;wGJobmywd
tjzpfyif aqmif&u
G cf ahJ o;onf/
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; uvif
wefuvnf; 2011 ckeSpfwGif
tmqD,0H efBuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;?
tmqD,Ha'oqkdif&m tpnf;
ta0; ( ARF)? ta&SUtm&Sxyd o
f ;D
tpnf;ta0;tzGUJ 0if Ekid if jH cm;a&;
0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;wdkYudk
yg0ifwufa&mufco
hJ uJo
h Ykd jrefrm
EkdifiHESifh vmtdkEkdifiHrsm;odkY ESpfig;
q,fausmftwGif; tar&duef
Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;wpfO;D \ yxr
qH;k c&D;pOftjzpf oGm;a&mufvnf
ywfco
hJ nf/ umuG,af &;0efBuD;
yifeufwmuvnf; tmqD,EH iS hf
aqG;aEG;zufEkdifiHrsm; umuG,f
a&; 0efBuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;odkY
wufa&mufco
hJ nfuakd wGU&onf/
pmrsufESm- I rS tquf...
wyfrawmf\ tcef;u@
wyfrawmf&JU tcef;u@
u tcktueft
Y owfeyYJ g/ ygvD
refrmS 25 &mckid Ef eI ;f yJ ae&m&dyS g
w,f/ vHNk cKH a&;twGuf Ekid if aH wmf
[m tcsed t
f MumBuD; wyfrawmf
tay: rDScdkcJh&w,f/ twdwfu
jynfyNcdrf;ajcmufrIawGuv
dk nf;
wyfrawmfuum uG,fcJhw,f/
'gaMumihf ckcsed rf mS olwu
Ydk v
dk ;kH vH;k
vsm;vsm; cserf xm;&pfzYkd ta&;
Bu;D ygw,f/'gaMumif'h zD UGJ pnf;tkyf
csKyfyrkH mS olwu
Ydk tueft
Y owf
u@taeeJyY J ygwmyg/ olwu
Ydk
tpd;k &&JUay:vpDtay: wku
d f u
kd f
xdef;csKyfrI r&dSygbl;/
Vol.4, No.28 ,July 19 , 2012
tmqD,H-tar&duef yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI
ESihf
tem*wftvm;tvm
&Jx#G f
csi;f qufqaH &;udv

k nf; oHwref
enf;vrf;wpfcktjzpf owfrSwf
xm;onf/ xdkuJhodkY jynfolcsif;
quf q H a &;ud k wd k ; jr i f h & mwGi f
ynma&;u@yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G f
rI? ynmoifqkrsm;ay;tyfrIrsm;
vnf;yg0ifonf/xdaYk Mumifh tar
&duef-blEidk ;f yl;aygif;Ny;D a':vm
25 oef;wefz;kd &dS tmqD,EH idk if rH sm;
twGi;f t*Fvyd pf muRr;f usirf jI ri hf
wifa&; ( Partnership on English Language Education for
ASEAN)ukd
xd k Y j yif tar&d u ef E k d i f i H o nf
2011 ckEpS f {NyDvwGif tmqD,H
qkid &f mtNrw
J rf;oHtrwfwpfO;D udk
cefYtyfwm0efay;cJh&m tmqD,H
aqG ; aEG ; zuf Ek d i f i H r sm;teuf
'kw,
d ajrmuf tNrw
J rf;oHtrwf
cefYtyfonfhEkdifiHjzpfvmcJhonf/
xdkYtwl EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme
wGiv
f nf; zGUJ pnf;yHk jyifqifrrI sm;
jyKvkyfum tm&S-ypdzdwfa'o
Ekid if pH ykH ;l aygif;aqmif&u
G af &; 'kwd
,vufaxmufEidk if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D
wpfOD;udk yxqHk;tMudrftjzpf
cefYtyfwm0efay;cJhonf/ xdkYjyif
ta&SU tm&SEiS hf ypdzw
d af 'oqkid f
&mXmeatmufwiG f Ekid if pH kH yl;aygif;
aqmif & G u f a &;XmecG J w pf c k u d k
topfzGifhvSpfcJhonf/
xdkuJhodkY tqifhjrifhacgif;
aqmifrsm;tqifhwGif yl;aygif;
aqmif&u
G rf rI sm; wd;k jriv
hf mouJh
odkY vufawGU taumiftxnf
azmfonfhtqifhwGifvnf; yl;
aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk wdk;csJU
vkyfaqmifvmcJhonf/ tar&d
uefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;XmeESifh
tar&duef EkdifiHwum zGHUjzdK;wdk;
wufrt
I ultnDay;a&;at*sipf D
(USAID)onf tmqD,E
H idk if rH sm;
twGif; zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufrI uGmjcm;
aerIukd avQmch sEidk &f efEiS hf vlUtcGihf
ta&;jri w
hf ifrrI sm;udk tm;ay;Ekid f
rnfh pDru
H ed ;f 40 ausmu
f kd yl;aygif;
aqmif&u
G v
f suf&o
Sd nf/ xdt
Yk wl
2009 ck E S p f u pwif c J h o nf h
rJacgifatmufydkif;a'oEdkifiHrsm;
jrefrmhobm0o,HZmwrsm;wGif
&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS I
&if;ES;D jr KyfErHS rI mS tajccHrl (3)
csuf&dSygw,f/ yxrtcsufu
rnfonhf EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
rqkd 'DEkdifiHu jynfoludk tusKd;
&daS p&r,f/ olw&Ydk UJ 0ifaiGudk wk;d
yGm;ap&r,f? twwfynmawGukd
'DEikd if u
H trsm;jynfoal wG tusK;d
twGuf vTJajymif;ay;Edkif&r,f/
'k w d , rl u tcsKyf t jcm
tmPmeJY qkdifygw,f/ 'DEdkifiHu
b,fEikd if aH &;orm; b,fEikd if aH &;
ygwDrS EkdifiHjcm;aiGeJY qufpyfrI
tajctaer&dS&ygbl;/ jynfyu
aiGaMu;[m Ekid if aH &;rSmodyt
f a&;
BuD;wJh tpdwftydkif; jzpfygw,f/
wwd,rlu ywf0ef;usif
qkdif&mpDrHcsuf
Lower Mekong
Initiative (LMI) wGiv
f nf; tar&d
uefu yg0ifcNhJ yD; qufo,

G af &;?
ynma&;ESihf ywf0ef;usix
f ed ;f odr;f
a&;qkid &f mrsm;wGif tultnDrsm;
ay;cJo
h nf/ ,cifu tar&duef
tultnDrsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHudk
xnfhoGif;cJhjcif ;r&dSaomfvnf;
2011 ckEpS u
f pNy;D jrefrmEkid if u
H ykd g
xnfo
h iG ;f tultnDay;vmcJo
h nf/
pD;yGm;a&;u@wGif tar&d
uefESifh tmqD,Honf ESpfzuf
vH;k twGuf pwkwt
BuD;qH;k ukef
oG , f z uf E k d i f i H r sm; tqif h o k d Y
a&muf&dSaeNyD jzpfonf/ 2011
ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif orw
tdkbm;rm; wufa&mufcJhonfh
qufo,
G q
f ufqrH rI sm; vsifjref
aprnfh tultnDrsm;udk ay;tyf
vsuf&dSonf/ xdkYjyif tar&duef
Ekid if o
H nftmqD,EH ikd if rH sm;twGi;f
ukefoG,frIrsm; ydkrdkvsifjrefap&ef
ESihf tmqD,t
H zGUJ taejzifh a'o
wGif;ukefoG,frIwGif tjcm;EkdifiH
rsm;ESihf ,SONf ydKifEikd pf rG ;f udk jriw
hf if
&eftwGuf vkyfaqmifaeonfh
ASEAN Single Window Project
udk t"dutultnDay;onfEh idk if H

jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif tm&SzGHUNzdK;a&;
bPfu aqmif&u
G rf nfh a':vm
485 oef;wef z d k ;&d S tmqD , H
tajccHtaqmufttHk jrifhwif
a&;pDrHcsufwGif tar&duefu
t"du&efyaHk iGxnf0h ifojl zpfonf/
pwifvsu&f NSd yD; vm

rnfhpufwifbmvrS pwifum
[m0dik ,
f w
D uov
kd w
f iG f tmqD,H
oifwef;om;rsm;twGuf t*Fvyd f
pmuRrf;usifrIoifwef;rsm; ydkYcs
oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif zl;vf
bdu
k f ynmoifqt
k pDtpOft&
tmqD,Hynm&Sifrsm;udk tar&d
uefEidk if o
H v
Ykd ma&mufNy;D tmqD,H
ESiq
hf ufE,
T af om ynm&yfqidk &f m
e,fy,frsm;wGif okawoejyK
Ekid af tmif tultnDrsm; ay;oGm;
rnfjzpfouJo
h Ykd tar&duefynm
&Sirf sm;udv
k nf;tmqD,w
H uov
kd f
rsm;wGiw
f zJG ufNy;D oifMum;a&;ESihf
okawoevkyif ef;rsm;aqmif&u
G f
aprnfjzpfonf/xdjYk yiftar&duef
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xmeu 2012
ckESpfwGif Southeast Asia Youth
Leadership Program Alumni
tuJcwfavhvmol tawmfrsm;rsm;u tmqD,H-tar&duefqufqHa&;udk tar&duef-wkwf

tm;NydKifrI yHkpHcGufxJodkYoGif;NyD; pOf;pm;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh tmqD,Honf wkwfudkcGmNyD;
tar&duefeJU ydkeD;pyfatmifoGm;aeNyD[k oHk;oyfrIrsm; ay:vmonfudkvnf; awGY&onf/
tmqD,-H tar&duef xdyo
f ;D t
pnf;ta0;wGif tar&duefwu
Ykd
tmqD,Haygif;pnf;a&;udk t
axmuftuljzpfaprnfh Connectivity Cooperation Initiative
tpDtpOfukd aMunmcJo
h nf/ xdk
tpDtpOft& tar&duefukef
oG,frIESifh zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufa&;at
*sifpD U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)ESifh
yk*vduukrPDrsm;u tmqD,H
Ekid if rH sm;twGi;f u@tm;vH;k wGif
,ck Zlvikd v
f 13 &ufaeY uarm
'D;,m;EkdifiHwGif usif;ycJhonfh
tar&duef-tmqD,HpD;yGm;a&;zdk
&rfoEYkd idk if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D uvifwef
udk,fwkdif wufa&mufcJhjcif;u
vnf; ESpfzufMum;pD;yGm;a&;yl;
aygif; aqmif&u
G rf u
I kd jriw
hf if&ef
twGuf tar&duefw\
Ykd qH;k jzwf
xm;rIuak d zmfjyvdu
k jf cif;yifjzpfonf/
tar&duef Edik if jH cm;a&;rl0g'
wGif Ekid if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&; yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufrIudkomru jynfol
qkid &f myg/ b,fEidk if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK yfEHS tvSef qufET,fae&ygw,f/

rIro
S bm0ywf0ef;usiu
f kd xdcu
dk f &if;ES;D jrK yfErHS rI sm; ydwq
f w
Ykd m;qD;rI?
ysufpD;rI r&dSap&ygbl;/
pD;yGm;a&;wk;d wufrI vdt
k yfcsuf?
0ifaiGwkd;wufzdkY vkdtyfrI? tJ'D
tem*wfESifh ywfouf
uae wnfNidrfrIawGygyJ/ ydwf
uRefawmfh&JU udk,fydkiftem qkdYwm;qD;rIawGudkawmh qkdif;iHh
*wfudk ajym&&if jynfolawG&JU r,ft
h pm; kyfodrf;&ygr,f/
axmufcrH t
I ay: wu,fyJ rlwnf
'DajcvSrf;awG tm;vHk;udk
aeygw,f/ uRefawmf&h UJ touf? wwfEidk o
f rQ ckid cf idk rf mrmeJY vuf
uRefawmf&h UJ usef;rma&;uvnf; awG U usus em;vnf o abm
&dSao;w,f/ 'gayrJh jynfol&JU aygufzYkd uReaf wmfwYdk BudK;pm;Mu
axmufcHrIu uRefawmf b,f ygr,f/ a&SUudk wufvrS ;f wJt
h cg
vdk tcef;u@rSm &daS e&r,f qkd ckid v
f nf;ckid rf m? vufawGUvnf;
wmudk jy|mef;ygw,f/
uswhJ enf;udk wwfEidk o
f rQ usihf
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; vkyfief; oHk;NyD; 'Dpdefac:rI tm;vHk;[m
pOftaeeJY a&SUqufomG ;&&if Iyf tcsi;f csi;f qufpyfaew,fqw
dk m
axG;wJh pdefac:rIawGawmh &dSrSm ydkrdktod&dSatmif vkyfygr,f/
aygh/ pdefac:rItrsm;pku tjyef
udkpwifNyD; tmqD,H
q,fEkdifiHrS tar&duefEkdifiHwGif
ynmoifMum;cJhzl;onfh vli,f
180 udk zdwaf c:aqG;aEG;&ef pDpOf
aqmif&u
G v
f suf&o
Sd nfukd awGU&
onf/
Ekid if aH &;ESihf vHNk cKH a&;&m e,f
y,fonfvnf; tar&duefwdkY
tmHkpdkufvmonfh aemufxyf
u@wpfck jzpfonf/ tar&duef
EkdifiHwumzGHUjzdK;rItul tnDay;
a&;at*sipf D ( USAID) ESihf tjcm;
tpdk;&at*sifpDrsm;u tmqD,H
tzGUJ \ vluek u
f ;l rIwu
kd zf suaf &;?
obm0ab;'Pf u muG , f a &;
e,fy,fESifh rl;,pfaq;0g;wdkuf
zsufa&;? tMurf;zuf0g'wkduf
zsufa&;? yifv,f"m;jy&ef um
uG,af &;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;wGif wuf
wuf<u<uyl ;aygif ;aqmif &G u f
vsuf&dSonf/ tar&duef um
uG,af &;0efBu;D Xmetaejzifv
h nf;
tmqD,Hwyfrawmfrsm;ESifh avh
usiahf &;? yl;wGpJ pfa&;avhusiahf &;
u@rsm;wGiyf rkd w
kd uf<upGmyl;aygif;
aqmif&u
G &f ef? tmqD,pH pfbuf
t&m&drS sm;udk tar&duef Ekid if w
H iG f
oifwef;ay;&efwu
Ykd kd aqmif&u
G f
vsuf&dSonfudk awGU&onf/
xdaYk Mumifh tdb
k m;rm; tpd;k &
\ tm&S-ypdzdwfa'oqkdif&m
Summit
r[mAsL[majymif;vJrI wpfESpf
wmumvtwGi;f wGif tmqD,-H
tar&d u ef quf q H a &;onf
u@pHkwGif vsifvsifjrefjref wdk;
wufvmonfudk awGU&rnfjzpf
onf/xdjk zpfay:wd;k wufru
I aemuf
xyfbmtusKd ;qufawG,laqmif
vmrvJqo
kd nfh ar;cGe;f rsm;vnf;
&dSaeonf/ tuJcwfavhvmol
tawmf r sm;rsm;utmqD , H tar &d u ef q uf q H a &;ud k
tar&d u ef - wk w f t m;Nyd K if r I
yHkpHcGufxJodkYoGif;
NyD;
pOf ; pm;Muonf / xd k Y a Mumif h
tmqD,Honf wkwfudkcGmNyD;
tar&duefeUJ ydk eD;pyfatmifomG ;
aeNy[
D k oH;k oyfrrI sm;ay:vmonf
udkvnf; awGU&onf/ odkYaomf
tmqD,t
H zGUJ onf AD,uferfppfyJG
t&deS jf rihf aecsdef 1967 ckEpS w
f iG f
xkdif;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;? rav;&Sm;?
pifumylESifh zdvpfydkif ig;EkdifiHu
pwifxlaxmifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
xdt
k cdseu
f tzGUJ 0ifEidk if t
H csi;f csi;f
Mum;wGifyif tjiif;yGm;aeonfh
udpt
awmfrsm;rsm; &daS eouJo
h Ykd
ppfat;wdu
k yf \
JG tusdK;qufrsm;
udv
k nf; tzGUJ 0ifEidk if aH wG cHpm;ae
&csdefjzpfonf/
tmqD,HtzGJU pwifzGJUpnf;
onfh tpnf;ta0;wGif rav;
&Sm; 'kw,
d 0efBu;D csKyf wGet
f A'&l m
Zwfu ta&SUawmiftm&SEkdifiH
rsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYuHMurmudk
rdrw
d zYkd efw;D Ekid pf rG ;f r&do
S a&GU? ta&SU
awmiftm&SEidk if t
H csif;csif; pnf;
vH;k rIr&do
S a&GU jyify tiftm;BuD;
Ekid if rH sm;\ tm;NyKd ifrrI sm;Mum;wGif
'kua &mufaeOD;rnfomjzpfonf?
aemifwGif tmqD,HtzGJUwGif;odkY
a'owGif;EkdifiHtm;vHk; yl;aygif;
vmatmif MudK;pm;&rnf? a'o
wGi;f jyemrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD;
udk,fhrlESifh udk,f rvkyfEkdifoa&GU
jyifyEkid if rH sm;u Mum;0ifupm;jcif;
udkcH&rnfomjzpfonf[k ajym
Mum;cJhonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif tm
qD,HtzGJUwGif a'owGif; q,f
Ekid if v
H ;kH yg0ifaeNyDjzpfonft
h jyif
Ekid if w
H umuav;pm;&onfah 'o
qkid &f m tzGUJ tpnf;tjzpfov
Ykd nf;
a&muf&aSd eNyDjzpfonf/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifh pwifzUJG pnf;csdeu
f arQmf
rSef;cJhonfhtqifhodkY a&mufae
NyD[k qdkEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumifh
tmqD,t
H zGUJ taejzihf a'ojyify
tiftm;BuD;EkdifiHrsm;\ tm;jydKif
rIaMumifh a'ownfjird rf u
I kd txd
tcdkufcHvdrfhrnf r[kwfay? xdkY
twl tiftm;BuD;Ekid if w
H pfcck \
k
toHk;cscH&onfh tjzpfudkvnf;
ta&mufcHvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
xdaYk Mumifv
h nf; tmqD,aH qG;aEG;
zufEidk if rH sm;wGiaf 'owGi;f ? a'o
jyifyrS tmqD,zH UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;
ESihf wnfjidraf &;twGuf ta&;yg
onfhEkdifiHtm;vHk; yg0ifatmif
aqmif&Gufxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
ed*Hk;csKyfvkdufvQifrl tar&d
ueftaejzihf if;\ r[mAsL[m
tajymif;tvJt& tmqD,Htar&duefqufqHa&;udk buf
aygif;pHkrS wdk;jrihfaeapumrl xdk
yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIaMumifh tm
qD,-H wkwf qufqaH &; edru
hf s
oGm;rnf[k ,lq&ef rjzpfEkdif[k
om qdk&ygrnf/
&Jx#G f
q&m&JxG#f\ facebook rS
ul ; ,l a zmf j yygonf /
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
tD*spfwGif [Dvm&D c&rf;csOfoD;jzifh taygufcH&

tar&d u ef E d k i f i H j cm;a&;0ef B uD ; [D v m&D u vif w ef \ tD * spf c &D ; pOf t wG i f ; qE j ytD * spf j ynf o l r sm;u if ; \,mOf w ef ; tm;
c&rf ; csOf o D ; rsm;? S L ;zd e yf r sm;jzif h ypf a yguf c J h M uaMumif ; owif ; azmf j ycsuf r sm;t& od & onf /
tar&duef Edik if jH cm;a&; 0ef
tem; [Dvm&D uvifwefu
BuD; [Dvm&D uvifwefonf
]]tD*spfEdkifiH&JU ta&;udpawGrSm
tar&duefrygbl;qdw
k m &Si;f &Si;f
if;\ tm&Sc&D;pOftNy;D wGif tD*spf
vif;vif;odxm;apcsiw
f ,f/ 0if
Edik if o
H o
Ykd mG ;a&muf Zlvikd v
f 14
a&mufpGufzufcGifh &w,fqdk&if
&ufwGif tD*spforw rdk[mruf
awmifrS tEdkif&ol? IH;edrfholudk
armfqD? Zlvdkifv 15 &ufwGif
a&G;cs,fwJhae&mrSm 0ifa&muf
ppfbufaumifpt
D BuD;tuJ Adv
k f
csKyfBuD;rd[
k mruf [mpdew
f efwm0D
rpGufzufygbl;}}[k ajymcJhonf/
odkY&mwGif qEjyolrsm;rSm
(Field Marshal Mohamad
rnforl nf0gjzpfNy;D if;wd\
Hussein Tantawi) wdkYESifhawGUqHk
Yk Edik if H
um tD*spEf ikd if aH &; tajymif;tvJ
a&; ESD;EG,fqufpyfrIudk aocsm
[D v m&D u vif w ef t m; qef Y u sif q E j yaeaom tD * spf E d k i f i H o m;rsm;
tqifajyacsmarGUapa&; twGuf
pGmrod&ao;ay/ [Dvm&D uvif
aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ xdkYaemuf uvifwef\ cifyeG ;f jzpfol tar 0efBuD;wnf;cd&k m udik q
S pfqifh tpa&;
f [
kd w
kd ,f wefonf tD*sprf w
tD * spf \ qd y f u rf ; Nrd K U tvuf &dueforwa[mif;bDvfuvif tjyifbufwGifvnf; qEjyo EdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufrnfjzpfNyD;
ZE & D ; ,m; (Alexandria) wG i f wefEiS hf tdraf xmifa&;azmufjyef rm;rsm;u rGwq
f vifqefu
Y siaf &; tD*spEf ikd if aH &;tajymif;tvJ? tD&ef
tar&duefaumifppf0efHk; jyef ol trsKd;orD;tm; &nfTef; a<u;aMumf p mwef ; rsm;ud k i f p G J EsLuvD;,m;ta&;ESihf tpa&;vnfzGifhvSpfay;NyD;aemuf jyef ]]armfeu
D m?armfeu
D m}}[k[pfatmf tar&duefonf rGwfqvif nD ygvufpwdkif;tygt0if ta&SU
vnfxu
G cf mG vmpOf qEjyorm; cJMh uNy;D ]]uvifwef? xGuo
f mG ;}} tpfudkrsm;\ tmPm&,lrIwGif tv,fyikd ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;paom t
rsm;u ,mOfwef;tm; c&rf;csOf [kvnf;a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf[k ausmaxmufaemufcjH yKay;cJo
h nf a&;udpr sm;udk t"duaqG;aEG;oGm;
oD;rsm;? zdeyfrsm;? a&bl;rsm;ESifh tar&duef vHNk cKH a&;t&m&Srd sm;u [k pGypf aJG jymqdck o
hJ nf/ xdaYk Mumifh Murnf[k od&onf/
ypfaygufcJhMujcif;[k od&onf/ qdkMuonf/
ausmf & J v if ;
tvufZE&D;,m;NrdKUwGif tar&d
qEjyorm;rsm;onfh [Dvm&D
Ref:NDTV,CNN
xdt
Yk wl Zlvikd f 14 &ufwiG f uefaumifppf0efHk; zGifhyGJtcrf;
jynfytaxmuftyHh,l NGO rSwfyHkwif&rnfh

Oya'rlMurf; k&Sm;atmufvTwfawmfwGif twnfjyK
jynfyrS aiGaMu;taxmuftyH&h ,laom NGO rsm;tm; Ekid if jH cm;

taxmufawmf (Foreign Agents) rsm;tjzpf rSwfyHkwif&rnfh
Oya'rl M urf ; wpf & yf t m; k & S m ;atmuf v T w f a wmf u rJ c G J q H k ;
jzwfNyD; twnfjyKcJhonf[k BBC owif;t& od&onf/
xdkOya'rlMurf;udk k&Sm;t \ 0ifa&mufBuD;pd;k rIukd umuG,f
xufvw
T af wmfEiS fh orw Avm wm;qD;&mwGif vdt
k yfcsuw
f pf&yf
'D r myl w if w d k Y u Oya'tjzpf tjzpfom ,ckOya'rlMurf;tm;
twnfjyKay;Muvdrrhf nf[k od& twnfjyK&jcif;[k qko
d nf/
onf/
NGOs trsm;pkurl if;wdt
Yk
,ckuo
hJ Ydk Ekid if jH cm;rS axmuf aejzihf jynfwiG ;f rS &efyakH iGr&&SEd ikd f
yHah iG&,laom NGOs rsm;tm; Ekid f onfhtwGuf jynfyrS axmufyHh
iHjcm; taxmufawmf ( Foreign aiG&,l&jcif;jzpfaMumif; ,ck
Agents) tjzpf rSwy
f w
kH if&rnfh NGO Oya'rlMurf;onf a&G;
aumufyGJBuD;Muyf&mwGif csKyf
NGO Oya'rlMurf;tm; vlUtcGihf
ta&;wuf<uvIyf&Sm;olrsm;u jc,fuefo
Y wfrrI sm;&Sv
d mEkid af Mumif;
jypfwifa0zefcJhMuNyD; ,ckOya' oHk;oyfMuonf/
k&mS ;0efBuD;csKyf 'Drx
D &D ruf
rl M urf ; onf yl w if t pd k ; &u
twdu
k t
f cHrsm;tm; wdu
k cf u
kd Nf zdK AD'ufu NGOs rsm;twGuf Edik if H
cGJ&mwGif toHk;jyKrnfh vufeuf \ axmufyahH iGukd wd;k jri ahf y;oGm;
jzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/
rnf[k uwdjyKxm;onf/
u&ifrvif (k&Sm;tpdk;&)
ausmf & J v if ;
Ref: BBC
url k&mS ;Ekid if aH &; jyifyEkid if rH sm;
ql'efESifh awmifql'ef orwrsm; e,fpyftjiif;yGm;rI yxrtBudrf aqG;aEG;

e,f p yf y d k i f q k d i f r I tjiif ; yG m ;rI j yemaMumif h quf q H a &;wif ; rmaeaom ql ' ef E S i f h a wmif q l ' ef ES p f E d k i f i H o r w rsm;onf
Zlvdkifv 14 &ufu yxrqHk;tBudrf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf[k od&onf/
wdk&DbDdk a'ocHrsm;ESifhtwl awGU&aom udkvHbD,morw qef;wdkYpf
udkvHbD,morw ppfrufa'orS jynfolrsm;ESihf awGUqHk

ud k v H b D , mor w *sLtef r ef E sL,,f q ef ; wd k Y p f ( Juan
S fh FARC olyek rf sm; wku
d yf JG
Manuel Santos) onf tpd;k &ppfwyfEi
jzpfyGm;aeaom ppfrufZkefokdY Zlvdkif 11 &ufu oGm;a&muf
cJhonf[k CNN owif;t& od&onf/
ud k v H b D , mvuf e uf u d k i f
olykeftzGJU (FARC) rsm;BuD;pdk;&m
Edik if H taemufawmifyikd ;f wd&k b
D D
dk (Toribio) NrKd UokYd orwqefwUkd pf
vma&muf a'ocHrsm;tm; awGU
qHck o
hJ nf[o
k &d onf/ xkda'ocH
rsm;u if;wkaYd 'orS tpd;k &bufrS
ppfwyfrsm;omru FARC olyek f
wyfrsm;ygqkwcf mG oGm;&ef vdv
k m;
aeMuonf/
wk d & D b D d k N rd K Uod k Y or w
qef;wdpYk rf a&mufrD FARC ajymuf
usm;olykefrsm;u NrdKUteD;awmif
ukef;rSae NrdKUwGif;odkYvufeuf
BuD;i,frsm;jzifh tqufrjywf ypf
cwfco
hJ nf[k od&onf/ xdt
Yk wl
FARC olye
kw
f u
Ykd tiftm;jyonfh
taejzihf wdk&DbDdk N rd KUjyif wG if
ajymufusm;ppfaq;a&;*dwf 10
ckuzkd iG v
fh pS x
f m;Ny;D NrKd Ut0if?txGuf
vrf;aMumif;tm;vH;k udk xde;f csKyf
xm;onf[kvnf; qdkMuonf/
FARC olye
k t
f zGUJ trSw(f 6)
txl;wdu
k cf u
kd af &;wyfzUJG rS wyfrLS ;
tBuD ; tuJ u tpd k ; &uom
xdka'orS ppfwyfrsm;udk kyo
f rd ;f
oGm;rnfqykd gu if;wkdYtaeESihf
vnf; ae&mwGif qufvuf
wyfpGJ wdkufckdufp&mtaMumif;
r&S d [ k CNN od k Y ajymonf /
xdaYk Mumifh tpd;k &wyfzUJG &Sad eao;

if;wdt
Yk aeESifh a'o tm;pGeYf
cGmoGm;rnfr[kwf[k qdkonf/
]]orw qef;wdkYpf&JU ppfyGJ
[m 'Da'otwGif;u b,folY
udkrS aumif;usKd;ray;ygbl;/ ol
[m ppfwyfeJY &JwyfzGJU&JU tcef;
u@udk jrifhwifzdkY BudK;pm;aeNyD;
tJ'g[m wdk&DbDdku vlawGt
wGuf aumif;usKd;r&apygbl;}}
[k xdkuGefref'gu qdkonf/
orw qef;wdkYpfonf NrdKU
v,f&ifjyif vlxkESifhawGUqkH&m
wGif ]]xGuo
f mG ;... xGuo
f mG ;}}
[laom jynfolwdkY\awmif;qdk
oHudk Mum;odcJh&NyD; if;jzpf&yf
onf orwtaejzifh a'o&Sd
jynfolrsm; aeYpOfBuHKawGUae&
onfh tcuftcJrsm;udk od&o
dS mG ;
aprnf[k xifjrifaMumif; Nasa
Indigenous Authority \ Ou|
jzpfol Sigifred Pavo uqdo
k nf/
if;wdkYa'owGif ppfyGJrsm;
qifEaJT eMujcif;udk rauseyfaom
a'ocH r sm;u tpd k ; &wyf E S i f h
FARC ajymufMum;olye
k rf sm;tm;
if;wkaYd 'orS xGucf mG oGm;&ef wd&k D
bDNkd rKd UodYk orwqef;wdpYk f a&muf
&Sad epOf qefu
Y siq
f EjycJMh uonf/
PN-055,Ref: CNN
tDo,
D ykd ;D ,m;Ekid if H NrdKUawmf
tm'pf tmbmbm (Addis
Ababa) usif;yaom tmz&d
u or* (AU) xdyo
f ;D tpnf;
ta0;wGif ql'eforw tkdrm
t,f v f b m&S m ; (Omar alBashir) ESifh awmifql'ef or
w qmvfAmum; (Salva Kiir)
wdkYonf ESpfEdkifiHMum; tjiif;yGm;
rIrsm;udk yxrqHk;tBudrf awGU
qHkaqG;aEG;cJhMujcif; jzpfonf/
awmifq'l efonf ql'efEidk if H
rS cJGxGufNyD; 2011 ckESpf Zlvdkif
v 9 &ufwGif vGwfvyfaom
Ekid if jH zpfvmcJo
h nf/ od&Yk mwGif ESpf
EdkifiHMum;wGif ajz&Sif;r&ao;
aom jyemtrsm;tjym; &dSae
ao;aomaMumifh urmYukvo
r*u if;wd\
Yk jyem&yfrsm;udk
2012 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 2 &uf
aemufqHk;xm; ajz&Sif;Mu&ef
owfrSwfay;xm;onf/
debt)wdc
Yk aGJ 0rIEiS yhf wfoufvnf;
ql'eforw(0J)ESifh awmifql'eforw(,m) wdkY vufqGJEIwfqufaepOf
ql'efESifh awmifql'efwkdY
onf ydkifeuf e,fedrdwf owf
rSwfa&;ESifh ywfouf tNyD;
owfoabmwlnDrI r&&dSao;
onhftjyif a&eHwGif; ydkifqkdifrI?

o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&; ukeu
f sp&dwf
(transport payment) ESifh EkdifiH
\ trsKd;om;a<u;NrD (National
oabmwlnDrI r&&dSao;ay/
orw ESpOf ;D \ awGUqHak qG;
aEG;rIrSm wpfem&DausmfcefY Mum
jrifch ahJ omfvnf; if;wkEdY pS Of ;D aqG;
aEG;cJMh uonfh taMumif;t&mudk
rl xkwfjyefjcif; r&dSay/tmz&du
or* ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zJUG uvnf;
ql'efESifh awmifql'eftaejzifh
ukvor*u owfrw
S x
f m;aom
aeY&ufrwdkifrD a&eHwGif;rsm;ESifh
e,fedrdwf owfrSwfa&;rsm;udk
tNyD;owf oabmwlnDrI&&dS&ef
vkyaf qmifMu&efwu
dk w
f eG ;f cJo
h nf/
or w ES p f O D ; \ awG U qH k r I
onf odomxif&Sm;aom &v'f
wpfpw
kH pf&m csufcsif;jzpfay:vm
aprnf r[kwaf omfvnf; ESpEf idk f
iHtaejzifh tjiif;yGm;rIukd ajz&Si;f
vdkonhf oabmxm;ukd jyo&m
a&mufcJhonf[k oHk;oyf&onf/
ausmf&Jvif; ,Ref:
BBC, CNN
a*smf'ef&Sd rGwfqvifnDtpfudkrsm;tzGJU ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKxm;aomygwD a&G;aumufyGJ oydwfarSmufrnf

a*smf'efEkdifiHwGif rGwfqvifnDtpfudkrsm;tzGJU ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKxm;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwD The Islamic Action
u ,ckESpfukefwGif usif;yrnhfa&G;aumufyGJtm; oydwfarSmufqefYusifMuvdrfhrnf[k BBC owif;t& od&onf/
rMumao;rDu jyKjyifajymif;
vJrIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;aomfvnf;
a&G;aumufyGJOya'onf w&m;
rQwrIr&Sdao; tpdk;&taejzifh
vlxkqEjyyGJrsm;ESifh &ifqkdif&Ekdif
onf[k rGwq
f vifnt
D pfurkd sm;
tzGJUu owday;xm;NyD; ,ckyHkpH
twkdif;qkdvQif ,ckESpfukefwGif
jyKvkyfrnhf a&G;aumufyGJtm;
oydwaf rSmuf&vdrrhf nf[k qkMd u
onf/
odkY&mwGif trSeftuefjyK
jyifajymif;vJrIrsm;udk qufwdkuf
vk y f a qmif v mygu if ; wd k Y \
qHk;jzwfcsufudk jyifqifay;rnf
[k od&onf/
,ck u J h o d k Y a&G ; aumuf y G J
oydwaf rSmuf&efq;kH jzwfjcif;onf
Ekid if w
H iG ;f jyKjyifajymif;vJrrI sm; jyK
vky&f ef tmrcHay;xm;Ny;D tm&yf
aEGOD;vIyf&Sm;rIESifh twltpdk;&
tm;qefYusifaom vlxkqEjyyGJ
rsm;? rNird rf oufrrI sm;udk a&SmifvJT
vdkaom a*smf'efbk&iftA'lvm
tm; tcufawGUaprnfjzpfonf/
a&G;aumufyt
J G m; Edik if aH &;ygwD
u oydwfarSmufj cif ; ud k
rGwfqvifnDtpfudkrsm;tzGJU\
tBuHay;aumifpDu axmufcH
twnfjyKay;cJNh y;D t"dutaMumif;
&if;rSm a&G;aumufyGJOya't&
rJqE&SifwpfOD;onf qErJESpf
Budrfay;&rnfjzpfNyD; a'owGif;
udk,fpm;vS,ftm; wpfBudrfESifh
trsKd;om;tqifh tcsKd;usowf
rSwx
f m;aom a&G;aumufyu
JG ,
kd f
pm;vS,t
f m; wpfBudrrf aJ y;&rnf
jzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif udk,fpm;vS,f
IAF
Front
140 OD;yg&Sdrnhf atmufvTwf

awmfwiG f Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;twGuf
ud,
k pf m;vS,f 17 OD;rS 27 OD;om
a&G;cs,fwifajrmufcGihf&jcif;rSm
rrQwrvHak vmuf[k qkMd uonf/
IAF ygwDonf NyD;cJhonhf
2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm;vnf;
oydwaf rSmufcNhJ yD; taMumif;&if;
rSm xkda&G;aumufyGJonf bk&if
tA'v
l mtm; axmufco
H rl sm; udk
tom&apjcif;aMumihf[k od&
onf/
PN-055,Ref:BBC
Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012
qEyg&rD ukodkvfjzpfaq;cef; yEufwifr*FvmESifh 0gqdkouFef;qufuyfyGJ usif;y

'*HkNrdKUopf ta&SUydk if ;Nrd KU

e,f ? trS w f 4 &yf u G u f ?
t"dywd (4) vrf;&Sd a&TNidrf;pH
r[mpnfomoemh&dyfom
ausmif;wdu
k f Zlvikd f 14 &uf
eHeufwiG f qEyg&rDuo
k v
kd jf zpf
aq;cef; yEufwifr*FvmESifh
JG si;f yjyKvky&f m
0gqdo
k uFe;f uyfyu
y"meem,uq&mawmf b'E
aum@nESio
hf C
H mawmf t&Sif
jrwfwdkYtm; wm0ef & S d o l w d k Y u
0gqdkouFef;rsm; qufuyfvSL
'gef ; cJ h a Mumif ; od & onf /
r*FvmtcsdefwGif q&mawmfESihf toif;Ou| OD;odef;pdk;? NrdKUe,fomoemEk*[toif; Ou|
OD;atmifqef;vif;ESifh wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uyEufrsm; kdufay;Muonf/ ,if;aemuf Ak' omoeH pd&Hwd|wk
oHk;Budrf&Gwfqdk tcrf;tem;udk atmifjrifpGm kyfodfrf;cJhygonf/
aZmfr;kd atmif
&yfâus; tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm; jyefvnfa&G;cs,fa&;oifwef;rsm; ydkYcs
a[mifaumiftpkd;&wuodkvfrS csD;jrih fonfh pDrHcefY cGJ bGJUvGef STI wGif zGih f rnf
&yfuGufâus;&Gm tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm; a&G;cs,fcefYxm;a&;twGufjynfe,fESifhwdkif;a'oBuD;

rsm;&S d tpd k ; &tzG J U H k l ; ? vT w f a wmf H k ; rsm;ES i f h taxG a xG t k y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;H k ; rsm;&S d vuf a xmuf
T e f M um;a&;rS L ;rsm;tm; ,ck v twG i f ; oif w ef ; ay;aeaMumif ; od & onf /
jynf x J a &;0ef B uD ; Xme? rsm;tm; a&G;cs,fay;&rnfjzpf wm0efay;tyfNyD; &yfâus; tkyf
taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD; Xme? aMumif; rGefjynfe,f tpdk;&tzGJU csKyfa&;rSL; wpfOD;vQif vpOf csD;
r*Fvm'Hk&Sd tkyfcsKyfa&; twwf Hk;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym jriahf xmufyahH iGusyf 70000 ESihf
oifausmif; (IDA) wGif Zlvdkif onf/
tkycf sKyfa&;H;k wpf;kH vQif H;k toH;k
13&ufrS 19&uftxd oifwef;ydYk
&yfuu
G af us;&Gm tkycf sKyfa&; p&d w f t jzpf a iG u syf 50000
csaejcif;jzpfNy;D oifwef;qif;rsm; rSL;rsm; a&G;cs,fcefYxm;a&; t axmufyHh&ef b@maiG twnf
u oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,f tkyfcsKyf wG u f &yf u G u f a us;&G m tk y f p k jyKcsufukd jynfxaJ &;0efBuD;Xme?
a&;rSL;rsm;tm; qifyh mG ;oifwef;ydYk Oya'jy|mef;NyD; enf;Oya'udk taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&; OD;pD;Xme
csNyD; NrdKUe,ftyk cf sKyfa&;rSL;rsm;u vnf;a&;qGx
J m;NyD;jzpf&mvkyx
f ;kH rS a&;qGw
J ifjyxm;Ny;D jzpfaMumif;
&yfuGufaus;&Gm tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh tnD a&G;cs,f od&onf/ xl;xl;(armfvNrdKif)
tcrJUaMumfjimu@
0efxrf;tjreftvdk&Sdonf
pufrkH LS ; (2)OD;
BE.AGTI bG&
YJ jzpf&rnf/ pufw
kH pf
ckv;kH tm; pDrcH efcY t
JG yk cf sKyfEikd o
f jl zpf&
rnf/
vkyif ef;tawGUtBuHKU (3) ESpt
f xuf
&Sd&rnf/
*dak xmifrLS ; usm; (2)OD;
bGJU&jzpf&rnf/ vkyfief;tawGUt
BuHKU (3)ESpt
f xuf jzpf&rnf/
tvkyaf vQmufvo
kd rl sm;onf oef;
acgifpm&if; rdwL ^&Jpcef;^ &yfuu
G f
axmufcpH m^ avbm^"mwfykH (2)yH^k
rSwyf w
kH ifrw
d L ôufqikd &f mtaxmuf
txm;wdkYESifhtwl 31.7. 2012
aemufq;kH xm; vma&muf avQmuf
xm;Edkifygonf/ trSwf(29) yef;
wef;0efO;D a&Tbifvrf;? pufrZI kH (1)
vdiI o
f m,mNrdKU e,f? zke;f -685526?
685988
0efaqmifrI
ICS System Solution
vlBuD;rif;wd\
Yk tdr?f H;k ? ukrP
rD sm;
ponfh vkyif ef;cGif qdik &f maxmuf

uljyK pmtkyrf sm;udk tif;0(yef;qd;k
wef;)? tkPo
f pf (Adv
k cf sKyfaps;)?
&Su
d eG jf yLwmrsm;tm; Window wif
ay;jcif;? Software installation,
Virus Cleaning, wireless
router Configuration, Vetwork
TAB
Book
Centre
(awmf0ifpifwm)? xGe;f OD; (rEav;)?

&mjynfh (rEav;) ponfph mtkyq
f ikd f
rsm;wGif 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygonf/
csdeq
f ufay;jcif; ponfh 0efaqmif
rIrsm;ay;aeygNy/D Cont act Ph; 095409712
ta&mif ; t0,f
tdrEf iS fh NcHa&mif;rnf/ a&^rD;pHk zke;f
yg/ ay 40ESifh ay 60 wpfxyfeH
uyf (ysOf;rem;NrdKU) aejynfawmf/
15^135? aygifavmif; (2) &yfuu
G f
17 vrf;? zke;f -067-25046?
a&mif ; rnf
2BR ? a&? rD;? 800 89ft ? 0g0g
0if;tdr&f m? &efuif;NrKd Ue,f? &efuek f
NrKd U/ zke;f -540704? 09-5046769/
pmayjzef Y c sd a &;
T e f ; p m a y r S Business
No. 214,4th Floor, Corner of

Anawrahta Road & 32 nd st,
Pabedan Township, Yangon.
Email: nyoon. bookdealing@
gmail.com Ph: 386693, 095046769?
Knowledge Bank Library
]]E-book Reader rsm;jzihf EdkifiH
wumrS E-book rsm;udk zwfEl ikd f
&ef pDpOfay;xm;onfh jrefrmEdik if H

\ yxrqH;k Library ]] jzpfygonf/
No. 214,4th Floor, Corner of
Anawrahta Road & 32 nd st,
Pabedan Township, Yangon.
Management, Business&
Advertising, Accounting,
Briefcase Series, Interview
skills, English Language
pm;aomuf u k e f ? tvS
enf ; ynmoif w ef ;
EAC
{&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD; ykodrfNrdKU? trSwf(8) &yfuGuf? av;rsufESmbk&m;BuD;a&SU&Sd pnfyif

trIdufyHkBuD;onf &[ef;&Sifvl oGm;vmaeaom r[maAm"dvrf;ay:a&muf&Sdaeonhftjyif teHY
qdk;rsm;aMumihf pdwf'kursm;pGm cHpm;ae&aMumif; a'ocHwdkYu ajymonf/
a[mifaumiftpd;k &wuov
kd rf S wku
d f u
dk cf sD;jrirfh nhf Master of Financial Services oifwef;
udk ,ckESpf atmufwdkbmwGif STI Education zGifhvSpfrnf[k od&onf/
I idk &f m bGUJ vGeo
f if wnfaqmufyEkH iS hf pDrcH efcY rJG I ynm wGif wufa&mufvkdolrsm;onf
pDrcH efcY rJG q
wef ; jzpf o nh f tqk d y g MFS &yfudk txl;jyK aiGaMu;t&if; ynma&;qkdif&m tcsuftvuf
oifwef;onf jrefrmEdik if H rMum tESD; twwfynm&SifwdkY&Sd&rnhf rsm;ESihf ausmif;0ifaMu; uefa':
rDay:xGe;f vmrnhf aiGaMu;t&if; jynfwGif;jynfy t&if;tES;D vkyf vm 30 ay;oGi;f Mo*kwv
f ukef
tES;D aps;uGuw
f pfck atmifjrifpmG
ief;cGiftodynmrsm;tm; oif aemufqHk;xm; avQmufxm;Ekdif
jzpfay:vm&efvkdtyfonhf bm Mum;ay;rnfjzpfNyD; oifwef;um aMumif; od&onf/
om&yfrsm;tm;wpkwpnf;wnf; vrSm ESpfESpfjzpfonf/
tao;pdwfudk STI EducazGJUpnf;xm;onhf bGJUvGefoif
oifwef;aMu;rSm yxrESpf tion zkef;-01-377988? 01wef;jzpfaMumif; STI rS od& twGuf uefa':vm 5940 ESifh 507151? 01-507152 ESihf 01onf/
'kwd,ESpftwGuf uefa':vm 507048 wdkYodkY qufoG,fpHkprf;
aiGaMu;t&if;tES;D aps;uGuf 5940 jzpfonf/ atmufwdkbm Ekid o
f nf/
MKT
tcsKd &nf? *s,v

f ?D a&cJrek ?Yf
opfoD;,dk? rkefYzkwfoifwef;?
EdkifiHjcm;ESifh jrefrmhoeyfcg;tvS
ukefESifh qyfjymESifh qyfjyc&ifrf
xkwv
f yk f oifwef; trSwf (76)?
vSn;f wef;vrf;(tv,f)? pHjyrSwf
wdik ?f vrf;rawmf? &efuek Nf rKd U/ zke;f
01-224401? 09-73071901
MASTERpm;aomufue
ko
f ifwef;
trSwf 112?27vrf;(v,f)?
zkef; 01-251927? 09-4922
177? 09730181875? tcsdK&nf?
*s,fvD? a&cJrkefY? ,dkpHk? EdkifiHjcm;
rkezYf w
k o
f ifwef;
ynma&;
Edik if w
H umoH;k ? wkwb
f momtm;
wkwjf ynf oif;kd Te;f wrf;ESit
fh nD
wk w f p mtajccH & S d o l r sm;twG u f
tajccHrpS Pinyin System jzihf
pepfwusoifMum;ay;onf/ aeY
pOfoHk;? wkwf pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI
a&;pm pum;ajym rlvwef; wkwf
pmrsm;udk tdrw
f ikd &f ma&muf vku
d f
vHoifMum;ay;onf/ tjynfjynf
qdk i f &m ausmif ;om;rsm;twG u f
wk w f - t*F v d y f E S p f b momjzih f
oifMum;ay;ygonf/
q&m-OD ; aZmf n d r f ; atmif

zkef;-09-73229316? 01-382911
wuov
kd f [efrif;OD; "gwfyAkH 'D ,
D kd
dkuful;wnfjzwfoifwef;ausmif;?
trSwf (20)? a&Tawmifwef;vrf;?
vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f? zke;f -227199
Reapter oD;oefY pmoifpmusuf
0dik ;f / Zlvikd v
f qef; prnf/ rSwcf su/f
(5) OD;om vufcrH nf/
Queen (zuf&i
S )f a':wifw
h ifh
(pufcsKyfoifwef;)
(1)wpfbmomoifwef; (1 Week)
zuf&Sif'DZdkif;
(2) tajccHrpS bmompHk txl;
oifwef;(1 Month) or ( 2 Month)
e,foifwef;aeYpm;pDpOfayonf/
trSwf (37) (3)vTm a&ausmfvrf;r
zke;f - 09-5132373? 09-732 -
21317/
]]*k P f x l ; enf ; jy ynma&;
0ef a qmif r I ] ]
- 5 wef;rS 10 wef;ttxd
- Teaching, Guide
- trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD
- em;vnfv,
G u
f al tmif
- pmoifEpS f 10 ESpaf usmf q&m^
q&mrrsm;u
- Extra Exercises, Exam
Training, Revision
- pmusuf&wmcufveG ;f vdYk pdwrf

ysufap&ef
- tdrt
f a&muf twwfoifay;aeNy/D
- q&mbdb
k v
k d iG /f zke;f - 09-430 202014/
Teacher Moy(G.C.E in London)
(1) X XI (bmompH)k (2) IELTS,
Interview (3) IGCSE, BCA (All
Subjects)
trSw(f 37) (3)vTm a&ausmfvrf;?

ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f09-73221317?
09-513237
tcrJUaMumfjimu@wGif xnfUoGif;azmfjyvdkygu atmufygykHpH jznfUpGuf ay:jyLvme,l;pf*sme,fwdkufodkh ay;ydkhEdkifygonf/ aMumfjimrsm;udk wpfvvQif trsm;qkH; 2 Budrfqufwdkufom xnfUoGif;cGifUjyKygrnf/
tcrJaU Mumfjimu@
1/ ukrPD^vkyfief;trnf
2/ vdyfpmESifhqufoG,f&efzkef;
3/ aMumfjimwGifazmfjyvdkonfhtaMumif;t&m
4/ aMumfjimxnfUoltrnfESifU EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;trSwf
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4 28

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

4 28

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3

Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012

trnfpm&if; wifoGif;cH&ol 'kwd,orwtm; oufqdkif&m0efBuD;Xmersm;\

oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaom A[dkbPfjzpfa&; tpdk;&tzGJUxH

jref r mEd k i f i H a wmf A[d k b Pf t aejzif h zG J U pnf ; yH k t opf E S i f h

Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012

jynfytm;uk;d ykqed f ;kd tqk;d jrif0g'rD sm;

wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESifU tusifU

rsuEf mS zH;k rStquf

tar&duefydwfqdkYrI oufwrf;rwkd;a&; a':atmifqef;pkMunf pwifudkifwG,f

racy Act of 2003

awmfOu| ol&OD;a&Tref;u jynf

&&dSrnf[k arQmfvifhaMumif; if;

pwkwy rkH eS f tpnf;ta0; tXr

rif;udkEkdif\ 0wK kyf&Sifkduf&ef 0,f,l

udkrif;udkEkdif a&;om;onhf ]aemufMunhfrSef}0wKudk 'gdkufwm0if;xGef;xGef;u tEkynmaMu;tjrifhqHk;ay; 0,f,lvdkufonf

rSwaf y;jcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/

xGef;xGef;rS rurf;vSrf;rD 'gdkuf

emrnfESifh rvdkufaom tqifh jrifh oefYpifcef;rsm;tm;

tqifhjrifhoefYpifcef;rsm; t*F g &yf E S i h f rjynf h r D y gu BOT

ASIAN FAME MEDIA GROUP

Deputy Chief Editor

Post Office Box - 140

zkef; 372833? 249165? 377482

Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012

rufpfjrefrm *kPfodumtwGuf xm;0,fpDrHudef;rS jyefqkwfvmjcif;[kqdk

jynfyrS bdvyfajrwifoGif;a&mif;cs&mwGif wpfwefvQif

vl p D; ? uke fw J G qk d i f ; topfr sm;ES i f h ouf w rf ; vG e f vrf ;

aiGay;acsuwfpepf pwif&ef bPfwpfck aiGodef;oHk;axmif pxnfh &S,f,m0if

jrefrmaiGay;acsuwf (MPU) pepf pwiftaumiftxnfazmf&mwGif bPfwpfbPfvQif aiGusyfodef;oHk;axmif xnfh0if

yk*vdubdvyfajrpufHkrsm; obm0"mwfaiGUjzifh vnfywfcGifh&awmhrnf

yk*vdu bdvyfajrpufHkrsm; obm0"mwfaiGUavmifpmjzihf vmrnhfckESpfwGif vkyfudkifEkdifrnf[k bdvyfajrpufHkvkyfief;rsm;rS

Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012

ucsifppfa&Smifpcef;rsm;wGif wpfOD;vQif wpfaeY[if;zdk;

ucsif j ynf e ,f ? ppf w d r f ; a&S m if p cef ; rsm;wG i f vl w pf O D ; \

onfh q&m0efr&SdbJ tcsdefwdk

rsm; ae&yftjrefjyefEikd af &;twGuf

Vol.4, No.28 ,July 19, 2012

jrefrmwGif ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmftMum tar&duefukrPD

ESpfaygif; ESpfq,fausmftMum yxrqHk;tjzpf tar&duef

Pepsi, Dell ponhf ukrPDrsm;

NrdKUawmf qD&rf&dwGif Zlvdkif 13

r,fawmfaq;cef; tvSLaiG a':vmodef;csD vdktyf

xdkif;EdkifiH? rJaqmufNrdKUe,f&Sd r,fawmfaq;cef; ,ckESpftwGuf oHk;pJGp&dwf xdkif;bwf 18 oef; (uefa':vm 6odef;cefY)

jynf a xmif p k 0 ef B uD ; OD ; cif & D E S i f h a'guf w mpif o D , marmif w d k Y rJ a qmuf N rd K U awG Y q H k p Of

ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefay;aqmifonhf pm;aomufqkdif 50 &mcdkifEIef;om&dS

pm;oHk;olwkdYxHrSaumufcHonhf ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGefudk jynfwGif;&dS pm;aomufqkdif 50 &mckdifEIef;cefYuom tjynfht0

oHk;pm;vkyfwm pwJh yk'frawG

rdwfaqGqdkaom pum;onf ]vGwfvyfrI} qdkaom pum;vkH;rS qif;oufvmonf/ rdwfaqGwpfOD;onf

tdEd,-tmqD,H um;armif;NydKifyGJ vrf;aMumif;rS

tdEd,-tmqD,H um;armif;NydKifyGJ jzwfoef;oGm;Murnhf

a'oBuD;? rEav;vrf;ydik ;f odYk 0if

Vol.4, No.28, July 19, 2012

(65) ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfaeYtcrf;tem;odkY EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; wufa&muf*g&0jyK&ef zdwfMum;xm;ovdk trsm;jynfol

Mum;a&;rSL; OD;vSjrifhu if;wkdY

NcHajrodrf; w&m;pGJqdkcHxm;&aom jynfolrsm;ESih f

jynf c d k i f N zd K ;ygwD 0 if vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f ES p f O D ; onf

cdik ?f rdik ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;BuD; p0fpx

ravsmfMoZmoHk;jcif;ESifh t*wdvdkufpm; &JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;tm;

&J w yf z G J U 0if r sm;taejzif h jynf o l vx

ref;wGif v,f,majrESifh ajrvGwfajrdkif;rsm;udk w&m;r0if a&mif;0,fygu

rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD; twGif; ae&mtcsdKU&Sd v,f,majrrsm;? ajrvGwf? ajrdkif;rsm;udk w&m;r0if ta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfygu

nDaemifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;ygwDodkY 4 ygwD avhvmoltjzpf yl;aygif;