Volleyball Brief History In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points. In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted. In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played. In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees. In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded. In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held. In 1949, the initial World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo. In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan. In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series. In 1990, the World League was created. In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old! In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics Volleyball Basic Rules THE SERVE ( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line ( end line ) until after contact. ( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand. ( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. ( D ) Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point. ( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser. ( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve. SCORING A. Rally scoring will be used. B. There will be a point scored on every score of the ball. C. Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit. D. Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net. E. Game will be played to 25 pts. F. Must win by 2 points.

ROTATION ( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve. ( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner. ( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side. PLAYING THE GAME ( VOLLEY ) ( A ) Maximum of three hits per side. ( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ). ( C ) Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve. ( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good. ( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest. ( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play. ( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve. ( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. ( After the serve only ). BASIC VIOLATIONS ( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve. ( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully. ( C ) Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ). ( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play. ( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions: 1 - When executing a follow-through. 2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned ( the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play. ( F ) Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or opposing player ). ( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order. ( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back row position. THE COURT PLAYING AREA Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (29'6" x 59'). Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (9'10") back from the center line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2" wide). NET HEIGHT Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, & outdoor is 2.43 meters or 7'11-5/8". Net height for women, 7'4-1/8". The height of the net shall be 8'. BALL

The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4.5 and 6.0 pounds

Volleyball Lingo "Ace" "Sideout" "Roof" "Stuff" "Dig" "Kill"

Translation When the ball is served to the other team, and no one touches it. When the team that served the ball makes a mistake, causing the ball to go to the other team. When a player jumps above the height of the net, and blocks the ball. When a player jumps about the height of the net, blocks the ball, and the ball goes back at the person who attacked(spiked) the ball. When a player makes a save from a very difficult spike. When a team spikes the ball and it either ends in a point or a sideout. Volleyball Terminology

A Ace - A serve that results directly in a point. Antenna - Red-and-white striped pole attached to the net that extends 32 inches above the net and indicates out-of-bounds along the sideline. Assist - Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill. Attack Attempt - The attempt by a player to terminate a play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side. B Back Row Attack - When a back row player takes off to jump behind the 10-foot/3-meter line and attacks the ball. Block - A successful attempt by any front row player to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Block Assist - A successful attempt by any two or more front row players to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Any person involved in the block attempt that terminates the rally receives a block assist. Block Solo - A successful attempt by any one front row player to intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set or any other violation which pertains to illegal blocking. Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set or any other violation which occurs while making a block attempt.

C Court Dimensions - 59 feet from end line to end line and 29 feet, 6 inches wide (18m x 9m). Cross-Court Attack - An attack that is directed diagonally from the point of attack. D Dig - Act of retrieving an attacked ball close to the floor and making a successful pass. Dink - A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent's court using the fingertips. Dump - Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the opponent's court on the second contact. E Extension Roll - A move to the floor which enables a player to dig the ball. F Forearm Pass - Contacting the ball with the forearms in order to deliver the ball to the setter in an underhanded manner. Free Ball - Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill. H Hitter - A player who attacks the ball. Hitting Percentage - A statistic derived from total kills minus total attack errors and divided by total attempts. J Jump Serve - A top spin serve delivered by a player in midair. Joust - When two opposing players contact the ball simultaneously above the net causing the ball to momentarily come to rest; the point is replayed if this is called by the official. K Kill - An attack that results directly in a point or sideout. L Linesman - Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which or she is responsible. M Middle Blocker - Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row and moves laterally to her blocking assignments. N Net Height - Seven feet, 4-1/8 inches high. O Outside Hitter - Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row. Overlap - A violation called when a team lines up out of rotation on a service attempt.

P Pass - Receiving a serve or the first contact of the ball with the intent to control the ball to another player. Q Quick Set - An extremely low vertical set used to beat the opponent's blocks. R Rally Scoring - Scoring method used in the fifth game of matches where points can be won by the serving or receiving team. Red Card - Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct resulting in a point/side out to the opponent. Red And Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or coach for a major violation. Also received automatically after two red cards. Results in automatic ejection and a point/side out for the opponent. Rotation - Players must retain their initial rotational order throughout the entire game, but once the ball is served they are allowed to move anywhere. S Set - A pass that puts the ball in place for a hitter to attack. Side Out - A rally won by the team who is receiving serve, resulting in the right to serve. You cannot score a point if your team is trying to side out. Side Out Scoring - Scoring method used in games one through four of matches where points can be won only by the serving team. Slide Attack - A low back set to the antenna that the middle hitter swings behind the setter to attack. Substitution - Allows one player to replace another player already on the court. Each team is allowed 15 substitutions per game. Each player is allowed an unlimited number of entries. T Ten Foot/3-Meter Line - The line extended across the court to signify the point which a back row player must leave the ground behind to attack the ball. Y Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct. Two yellow cards results in an automatic red card. Volleyball Equipment & Facilities Volleyball Court Dimensions The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The net in placed in the center of the court, making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet. Center Line A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above which the net is placed. Attack Line An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line. Service Line A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line.

The Net The net is placed directly above the center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women and 8 feet above the ground for men. Poles Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines. Ceiling Height The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they should preferably be higher. As in most sporting competitions, volleyball employs referees in order to control the flow of the game and enforce the rules. The volleyball referee team includes the first referee, the second referee, the scorer and two line judges. Without the referee team, the fast-paced game could easily get out of hand if disputes regarding rules were to arise. Scorers The official scorer keeps track of the score throughout the volleyball game. Before the game begins the scorer notes the starting lineup of each team and notifies the referees if the lineup wasn't received on time. If a dispute or irregularity arises regarding the score, the scorer uses a buzzer to notify the first and second referees. Additionally, when a substitution request arises, the scorer notifies the referees. Line Judges At least two, and as many as four, line judges monitor each game. The line judges stand at the corners of the court watching the lines to indicate whether a ball in play falls in or out of the court. If a server steps on the line during a serve, the line judge watching the given line notifies the referees using a flag. When a player touches an out-of-play ball or if the ball hits an antenna, the designated line judge also indicates the interference. First Referee The first referee stands on the referee stand and controls the play of the entire game. Whatever issues arise during the game, the first referee determines the call and the has the final say. After making a call, no player or other referee can argue the call, although a formal protest can be placed with the scorer. Before the match begins, the first referee inspects the equipment and the players' uniforms. The warmups and the coin toss also fall under the jurisdiction of the first referee. Throughout the match, the first referee makes calls regarding faults and scoring issues. Following the match, the first referee notes the score and signs the official paperwork. Second Referee The second referee works to assist the first referee throughout the game. If for some reason the first referee can't finish her duties, the second referee may take the place of the first referee. The second referee stands next to the post opposite the first referee. In addition to assisting the first referee with determining faults throughout the game, the second referee is in charge of all substitutions, timeouts and the actions of the scorer's table.