JOLLIBEE LANZADERAS VIRTUDAZO BS Information Technology 3A

MRS. JULIETO CATIPAY IT35 (Object-oriented Programming

1.1 How old is the Java programming language? Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, objectoriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere". Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, and is widely used from application software to web applications. From the details above, this means that JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE is about 16 years old from 1995 up to this year 2011. 1.2 What company developed the Java programming language? Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. The language is very similar in syntax to C and C++ but, in techie terms, it has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. . 1.3 What is source code? In computer science, source code is text written in a computer programming language. Source code and object code refer to the "before" and "after" versions of a computer program that is compiled (see compiler) before it is ready to run in a computer. The source code consists of the programming statements that are created by a programmer with a text editor or a visual programming tool and then saved in a file. For example, a programmer using the C language types in a desired sequence of C language statements using a text editor and then saves them as a named file. This file is said to contain the source code. It is now ready to be compiled with a C compiler and the resulting output, the compiled file, is often referred to as object code. The object code file contains a sequence of instructions that the processor can understand but that is difficult for a human to read or modify. For this reason and because even debugged programs often need some later enhancement, the source code is the most permanent form of the program. Where does the source code come from? Source code comes from the programmer... 1.5 What kind of files contains Java source code? '.java' files contain java source code. One can access these files on windows by using 'notepad'
1.4 1.6 What is bytecode? Bytecode is computer object code that is processed by a program, usually

referred to as a virtual machine, rather than by the "real" computer machine, the hardware processor. Bytecode is a Programming code that, once compiled, is run through a virtual machine instead of the computer??s processor. By using this approach, source code can be run on any platform once it has been compiled and run through the virtual machine. Bytecode is the compiled format for Java programs. Once a Java program has been converted to bytecode, it can be transferred across a network and executed by Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Bytecode files generally have a .class extension. 1.7 Where does bytecode come from? Bytecodes came from compiled Java programs that can be transferred across a network and executed by Java virtual machine. 1.8 What kind of files contains Java bytecode? 'class' files contain java bytecode. we cant understood the code because its in the form of bytes. 1.9 What does portable mean in the context of computer programming?

Portable object (computing), a distributed computing term for an object which can be accessed through a normal method call while possibly residing in memory on another computer "Portability" means writing your program (code) in such a way that the same code works on different environments i.e. different processors, different operating systems, different versions of libraries etc. If your program is portable, you should be able to just re-compile it on any new system and it should run without problems. Portability is important because non-portable code causes lots of problems in maintenance managing multiple versions, poor readability / understandability of the code to name a few. 1.10 How is Java bytecode different from other low-level computer languages? A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages. In contrast, assembly languages are considered low-level because they are very close to machine languages. The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level languages is that they are easier to read, write, and maintain. Ultimately, programs written in a high-level language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter. The first high-level programming languages were designed in the 1950s. Now there are dozens of different languages, including Ada, Algol, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, and Prolog. 1.11 What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? A compiler translates code from a source language (e.g. C, C++, Java) to a target language, which can then be executed by a (virtual or physical) machine. An interpreter reads code in an interpreted language (e.g. PHP, Perl, JavaScript) and directly executes the contained instructions. They are both similar as they achieve similar purposes, but inherently different as to how they achieve that purpose. Compiled code takes programs (source) written in some kind of programming language, and then ultimately translates it into object code or machine . Compiler and interpreter, both basically serve the same purpose. They convert one level of language to another level. A compiler converts the high level instructions into machine language while an interpreter converts the high level instruction into some intermediate form and after that, the instruction is executed. 1.12 What is a Java virtual machine? A Java virtual machine (JVM), an implementation of the Java Virtual Machine Specification, interprets compiled Java binary code (called bytecode) for a computer's processor (or "hardware platform") so that it can perform a Java program's instructions. Java was designed to allow application programs to be built that could be run on any platform without having to be rewritten or recompiled by the programmer for each separate platform. A Java virtual machine makes this possible because it is aware of the specific instruction lengths and other particularities of the platform. 1.13 What is an application? 1) In information technology, an application is the use of a technology, system, or product. 2) The term application is a shorter form of application program. An application program is a program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program. Examples of applications include word processors, database programs, Web browsers, development tools, drawing, paint, image editing programs, and communication programs. Applications use the services of the computer's operating system and other supporting applications. The formal requests and means of communicating with other programs that an application program uses is called the application program interface (API).

1.14 What is a developer? Developer may refer to:

Software developer, one who programs computers or designs the system to match the

requirements of a systems analyst Game developer, a person or business involved in game development, the process of designing and creating games In real estate development, one who builds on land or alters the use of an existing building for some new purpose Photographic developer, a chemical, often a mixture of metol and hydroquinone, which converts the latent silver halide image in the exposed photograph material into reduced, opaque, black silver metal 1.15 What is the Java API? Java API is not but a set of classes and interfaces that comes with the JDK. Java API is actually a huge collection of library routines that performs basic programming tasks such as looping, displaying GUI form etc. 1.16 What is an IDE? An integrated development environment (IDE) (also known as integrated design environment, integrated debugging environment or interactive development environment) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of:
a source code editor a compiler and/or an interpreter build automation tools a debugger

Sometimes a version control system and various tools are integrated to simplify the construction of a GUI. Many modern IDEs also have a class browser, an object inspector, and a class hierarchy diagram, for use with object-oriented software development. 1.17 What is the JDK?
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun Microsystems product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java SDK. On 17 November 2006, Sun announced that it would be released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), thus making it free software. This happened in large part on 8 May 2007; Sun contributed the source code to the OpenJDK.

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What is the JIT? Short for just-in-time compiler, a code generator that converts Java bytecode into machine language instructions. Some Java Virtual Machines (VMs), including the VM in the Netscape Navigator browser, include a JIT in addition to a Java interpreter. Java programs compiled by a JIT generally run much faster than when the bytecode is executed by an interpreter. 1.19 What is the JVM? A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a virtual machine capable of executing Java bytecode. Sun Microsystems states there are over 4.5 billion JVM-enabled devices.[1]

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What are the eight Java primitive types? byte: The byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of -128 and a maximum value of 127 (inclusive). The byte data type can be useful for saving memory in large arrays, where the memory savings actually matters. They can also

be used in place of int where their limits help to clarify your code; the fact that a variable's range is limited can serve as a form of documentation.
short: The short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum

value of -32,768 and a maximum value of 32,767 (inclusive). As with byte, the same guidelines apply: you can use a short to save memory in large arrays, in situations where the memory savings actually matters.
int: The int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value

of -2,147,483,648 and a maximum value of 2,147,483,647 (inclusive). For integral values, this data type is generally the default choice unless there is a reason (like the above) to choose something else. This data type will most likely be large enough for the numbers your program will use, but if you need a wider range of values, use long instead.
long: The long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum

value of -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and a maximum value of 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive). Use this data type when you need a range of values wider than those provided by int.
float: The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point. Its range of

values is beyond the scope of this discussion, but is specified in section 4.2.3 of the Java Language Specification. As with the recommendations for byte and short, use a float (instead of double) if you need to save memory in large arrays of floating point numbers. This data type should never be used for precise values, such as currency. For that, you will need to use the java.math.BigDecimal class instead. Numbers and Strings covers BigDecimal and other useful classes provided by the Java platform.
double: The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point. Its

range of values is beyond the scope of this discussion, but is specified in section 4.2.3 of the Java Language Specification. For decimal values, this data type is generally the default choice. As mentioned above, this data type should never be used for precise values, such as currency.
boolean: The boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false. Use this data

type for simple flags that track true/false conditions. This data type represents one bit of information, but its "size" isn't something that's precisely defined.
char: The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. It has a minimum value of

'\u0000' (or 0) and a maximum value of '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).