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Difference between power and distribution transformer (Large distributive transformer by 'Powertech Transformers' on pic) Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for stepup and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage distribution networks as a means to end user connectivity. (11kV, 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV, 440V, 230V) and are generally rated less than 200 MVA.
Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the allday-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution transformer.
Maximum Efficiency The main difference between power and distribution transformer is distribution transformer is designed for maximum efficiency at 60% to 70% load as normally doesnt operate at full load all the time. Its load depends on distribution demand. Whereas power transformer is designed for maximum efficiency at 100% load as it always runs at 100% load being near to generating station. Distribution Transformer is used at the distribution level where voltages tend to be lower .The secondary voltage is almost always the voltage delivered to the end consumer. Because of voltage drop limitations, it is usually not possible to deliver that secondary voltage over great distances. As a result, most distribution systems tend to involve many clusters of loads fed from distribution transformers, and this in turn means that the thermal rating of distribution transformers doesnt have to be very high to support the loads that they have to serve. . All day efficiency = (Output in KWhr) / (Input in KWhr) in 24 hrs which is always less than power efficiency.