Subject: Foundation Chemistry Session: June

Code: 2811

Year: 2005

Final Mark Scheme

MAXIMUM MARK

60

Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme Page 2 of 7

Unit Code 2811

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

ADVICE TO EXAMINERS ON THE ANNOTATION OF SCRIPTS

1.

Please ensure that you use the final version of the Mark Scheme. You are advised to destroy all draft versions. Please mark all post-standardisation scripts in red ink. A tick () should be used for each ans wer judged worthy of a mark. Ticks should be placed as close as possible to the point in the ans wer w here the mark has been a warded. The number of ticks should be the same as the number of marks a warded. If t wo (or more) responses are required for one mark, use only one tick. Half marks () should never be used. The following annotations may be used when marking. No comments should be written on scripts unless they relate directly to the mark scheme. Remember that scripts may be returned to Centres. x ^ bod ecf con sf = = = = = = incorrect response (errors may also be underlined) omission mark benefit of the doubt ( where professional judgement has been used) error carried for ward (in consequential marking) contradiction (in cases where candidates contradict themselves in the same response) error in the number of significant figures

2.

3.

4.

The marks a warded for each part question should be indicated in the margin provided on the right hand side of the page. The mark total for each question should be ringed at the end of the question, on the right hand side. These totals should be added up to give the final total on the front of the paper. In cases where candidates are required to give a specific number of ans wers, (e.g. give three reasons), mark the first ans wer(s) given up to the total number required. Strike through the remainder. In specific cases where this rule cannot be applied, the exact procedure to be used is given in the mark scheme. Correct ans wers to calculations should gain full credit even if no working is sho wn, unless other wise indicated in the mark scheme. (An instruction on the paper to Show your working is to help candidates, who may then gain partial credit even if their final ans wer is not correct.) Strike through all blank spaces and/or pages in order to give a clear indication that the whole of the script has been considered. An element of professional judgement is required in the marking of any written paper, and candidates may not use the exact words that appear in the mark scheme. If the science is correct and ans wers the question, then the mark(s) should normally be credited. If you are in doubt about the validity of any ans wer, contact your Team Leader/Principal Examiner for guidance.

5.

6.

7. 8.

Mark Scheme

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Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the Mark Scheme

Unit Code 2811

/ ; NOT () ecf AW ora = = = = = = = =

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point separates marking points answers which are not worthy of credit words which are not essential to gain credit (underlining) key words which must be used to gain credit error carried forward alternative wording or reverse argument

Question 1 (a)

Expected Answers (i) (ii)

atoms of same element/same atomic number.. with different numbers of neutrons/different masses

Marks [1]

isotope
46 47

protons 22 22

neutrons 24 25

electrons 22 22

Ti Ti

[2]

(b)
Ar (46 x 8.9) + (47 x 9.8) + (48 x 81.3) / 47.724 100 = 47.7 =

[2]

(c) (d) (i)

1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2
+ - + - + - + - + - + - - + - + - + - + -

[1]

positive ions

electrons

(must be labelled)

[2] [1] [1]

(e)

(ii) (i) (ii)

electrons move moles Ti = 1.44/47.9 = 0.0301 mol/0.03 mol (accept use of answer from (b)) mass of Cl = 5.70-1.44 = 4.26 g moles Cl = 4.26/35.5 = 0.120 mol 5.70/35.5 = 0.161 mol gets 1 mark Ti:Cl = 0.0301 : 0.12 = 1:4. Empirical formula = TiCl4 0.0301 : 0.161 mol gives TiCl5 for 1 mark Ti + 2Cl2 TiCl4 (ecf possible from (iii) covalent simple molecular

[2]

(iii)

[1] [1]

(iv) (v)

[2] Total: 16
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Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme Page 4 of 7

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the Mark Scheme

Unit Code 2811

/ ; NOT () ecf AW ora = = = = = = = =

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point separates marking points answers which are not worthy of credit words which are not essential to gain credit (underlining) key words which must be used to gain credit error carried forward alternative wording or reverse argument

Question 2 (a) (b)

Expected Answers
RaCl2

Marks [1]

Reduction is gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number Ra2+ gains 2 electrons Ra/ Oxidation state goes from +2 in RaCl2 0 in Ra

[2] [2] [1]

(c)

(i) (ii)

effervescence/bubbles Ra disappears/dissolves 8-14 First ionisation (energy)

(d)

(i)

[2]

Ra(g) Ra+(g) + e 1 mark for equation 1 mark for state symbols not required on e

[2]

(ii)

atomic radii of Ra > atomic radii of Ca/ Ra has electrons in shell further from nucleus than Ca/ Ra has more shells Ra has more shielding than Ca :more is essential

Ra electron held less tightly/less attraction on electron

[3] Total: 13

Mark Scheme

12/08/2005

Mark Scheme Page 5 of 7

Unit Code 2811

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the Mark Scheme

/ ; NOT () ecf AW ora

= = = = = = = =

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point separates marking points answers which are not worthy of credit words which are not essential to gain credit (underlining) key words which must be used to gain credit error carried forward alternative wording or reverse argument

Question 3 (a) (b) (i) (ii)

Expected Answers

Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) .MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) moles HCl = 0.108 x 500/1000 = 0.054

Marks [1] [1]

moles Mg(OH)2 = x moles HCl = 0.027 molar mass of Mg(OH)2 = 24.3 + 17x2 = 58.3 (do not penalise 24)

mass Mg(OH)2 = 58.3 x 0.027 = 1.57 g / 1.5741 g (accept ans from (ii) x 0.027 = 1.566 g) (mass Mg(OH)2 of 3.15 g would score 2 marks as ecf as molar ratio has not been identified)

[3]

(iii)

Too much if 2.42 g (dose) > ans to (ii) (If answer to (ii) > 2.42 g then correct response here would be Not enough CaCO3 reacts with (or neutralises) HCl (or CaCO3 + HCl in an equation)

[1]

(c)

[2] Total: 8

CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 (correct equation would score both marks)

Mark Scheme

12/08/2005

Mark Scheme Page 6 of 7

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the Mark Scheme

Unit Code 2811

/ ; NOT () ecf AW ora = = = = = = = =

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point separates marking points answers which are not worthy of credit words which are not essential to gain credit (underlining) key words which must be used to gain credit error carried forward alternative wording or reverse argument

Question 4 (a)

Expected Answers

Cl2(g) NaOCl(aq) : Cl(0) Cl(+1) Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) : Cl(0) Cl(1) Cl is both oxidised (in forming NaOCl) and reduced (in forming NaCl)/disproportionation Cl reduces Cl to form NaCl AND Cl oxidises Cl in forming NaOCl

Marks

[3] [2]

(b)

(i)

Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl 1 mark for species. 1 mark for balancing Cl atom is smaller/has less shells electron to be captured will be attracted more

(ii)

[2] Total: 7

Mark Scheme

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Mark Scheme Page 7 of 7

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the Mark Scheme

Unit Code 2811

/ ; NOT () ecf AW ora = = = = = = = =

Session June

Year 2005

Version Final

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point separates marking points answers which are not worthy of credit words which are not essential to gain credit (underlining) key words which must be used to gain credit error carried forward alternative wording or reverse argument

Question 5 (a)

Expected Answers (i) (ii)

H bonding from O of 1 H2O molecule to H of another dipoles shown with lone pair involved in bond Two properties from: Ice is lighter than water/ max density at 4C explanation: H bonds hold H2O molecules apart / open lattice in ice / H-bonds are longer

Marks [3]

Higher melting/boiling point than expected explanation: strength of H bonds that need to be broken must imply that intermolecular bonds are broken High surface tension/viscosity explanation strength of H bonds across surface

[4]

(b)

NH3: 107 (range 106 108) electron pairs repel other electron pairs lone pair has more repulsion electron pairs get as far apart as possible N has less protons than O (ora) electrons are in same shell /have same or similar shielding weaker nuclear attraction in N (ora) shell drawn in less by nuclear charge in N (ora)

[4]

(c)

[4]

watch for distinction between nuclear attraction and nuclear charge in candidates scripts. QoWC: links together two statements in at least two of the sections (a)(ii), (b) and (c)

[1] Total: 16

Mark Scheme

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