DRIVE SIMULATOR

Description:
A racing game like NFS Most Wanted is controlled by using an accelerometer and 2 paddles made using DPDTs. The accelerometer (sensor) is attached to hand. So when the hand is turned in steering motion the car takes a turn simultaneously. A circuit derived from a keyboard is used to control the game and the keyboard circuit is controlled by Microcontroller to give the Driving Effect.

Hardware Description:
The keyboard circuit used has 26 pins. Out of which 18 pins are grounded and the rest 8 pins give some signal. When a signal pin shorted with a grounded pin the combination gives a unique character. So the circuit can be controlled by using BJT as a switch. A series of BJT switches are joined together to control various motions of driving.

Working:
The Accelerometer is used to get the angle of hand with respect to an imaginary horizontal axis. So microcontroller turns on the controlling character on the keyboard circuit more or less frequently depending on the degree of rotation. The paddles used control the forward and backward motion using similar method.

BY- Debasish shanti (110ec0182) Navin kumar(710me4084)

Legged Robot

DescriptionLegged robots are a type of mobile robot. They are somewhat a recent innovation in robotics. However, many or all bipedal models are not practical seeing as they are cumbersome and slow. Most successful legged robots have 4 or 6 legs for further stability. This legs-over-wheels approach lends itself for use in all-terrain purposes seeing as legs are more effective in an uneven environment than wheels. We have also tried to design a legged robot with only two legs and the body supported by casters. This is the beginning phase of legged robots, we can even bots having 6-8 legs easily using the same concept.

Computer Aided DesignBefore making the actual robot we designed the model in Pro/E(Computer Aided Designing Software) and calculated the kinematic equations of motion governing the movement of the leg.

Hardware DescriptionLegged bot consists of a microcontroller(Atmega 8535) which controls the movement the motion of the legs. This bot is powered by lithium ion 11.1 volt and 1300 mAh battery. Each leg is fitted with two servo motors of 6 kg/cm torque. The exact angle of the servo is controlled by generating a PWM(Pulse width modulation) which makes our work much easier in controlling the exact and degree of the leg. The speed of the motors can be controlled according to the requirement and application. Legs are made up of light weight aluminium plates which reduces the torque acting on the motor.

Working Frictional Force required to move the foot forward = We/4 So, the torque delivered by the motor = Wel/4 This decides the length of the leg. For height we again balance the torque wle/4= torque of the servo. At any instance the coordinate of the toe is given by (l1*cos(wt), l1*sin(wt), l2*cos(wt)) Velocity is given by (l1*w*sin(wt), l1*w*cos(wt), l2*w*sin(wt))

ApplicationLegged robots have a unique ability to:

Isolate their body from terrain irregularities Avoid undesirable footholds Regulate their stability Achieve energy efficiency

They can travel in most hazardous situations and terrains. They have the ability to walk over the obstacles easily which normal wheeled vehicles cant perform. They are much more stable as compared to other robots.

BY- Debasish shanti (110ec0182) Navin kumar(710me4084)

Touch Screen Interfacing with OpenGL

DescriptionTouch screens are widely used nowadays in various gadgets and applications. I have also interfaced touchscreen with openGl(open source graphics library) This can be used to control animations and various animation based applications using touchscreen.

Hardware

Resistive touch screen was connected to the microcontroller which used its Analog to digital converter to determine the voltage level. This voltage determines the position where some depression is detected. Atmega 8535 was used which has 8 channels of ADC. After determining the position, the data was sent to the computer using serials communication. After the data is received by the computer it plots the points using opengl commands and displays the image where the person has touched the screen.

Ultrasonic Image Generator

DescriptionConcept lies in the way bat detects an obstacle in front of them. In this technique we also do the same thing but to generate an image of the surrounding using ultrasonic sensor.

Hardware
I have used microcontroller Atmega 8535 to establish a connection between sensor and the computer.

The ultrasonic sensor is mounted on two servo motors, one motor is responsible for x-axis direction of motion and another motor is responsible for y-axis direction of motion. At this instant the sensor sends a pulse and receives and calculated the time between them. This determines the distance of the obstacle. The range of the sensor is 6 meters, so we can get a clear image. When the distance is known microcontroller reads the ADC value and sends it to computer using serial communication.

After the data is received the program analyses the distance and plots a virtually coloured image depending on the sensor value. If the distance is too short then it is denoted by red colour or else by green colour.

BYNavin Kumar(710me4084)