Utilization of Seeds, Bark, And Tubers as an Alternative Material Products of Raw Materials Through The Exploration Approach.

Indonesia is a country rich in natural vegetable sources. In general, Indonesia consists of five major islands with different geographical conditions. This situation causes that each island plants are also being different. Unfortunately, this diversity has not been much explored in the academic world in the areas of product design, especially as the main raw material of a product. Since 2002, we began trying to apply the design approach in the implementation of the first product design course, which is processing the materials that have been utilized, such as grains, skins of fruits and tubers. In such implementation efforts, slowly we found many things that surprise, because this approach can be obtained through a unique product that originality and excellent value. And slowly find an outline of the process of design exploring material approach. At least 4 stages obtained in outline, the design approach to the exploration for non-conventional materials such as raw materials. Limitations in college using the semester system led to two conditions of natural ingredients to consider well, that is the condition of wet and dry conditions of the material greatly affects the difference in the process. Through this study were obtained also other values that it is in accordance with the global issue that is currently sweeping the world, namely the issue of global climate change. Suitability of including new materials can be used instead of wood, rattan, or bamboo, so that logging can be reduced, and thus the field of product design can contribute to real solutions from the academic world in reducing tree felling. Since 2007, we tried to apply this approach to the business world in an attempt to get the optimal value of products produced. Keyword : exploring material, new raw materials, craft in industrial design.

Background
1. Since 2005, the Indonesian government began to enter the era of creative economy. However, since that year, have not seen any significant product development efforts based on creativity, craft products change based on tradition, especially in the field of craft.

2. Around the year 2008, the Indonesian government imposed a policy of exporting raw materials. This policy hit the state of small and medium industries which cannot compete with the businessmen from abroad, because the average income of people are still lower than the income of other nations. This condition causes a small industrial dependence on raw materials should be reduced or even eliminated. 3. Based on 2010 census population of Indonesia is known that growth exceeded the national projection equal to 237.6 million with the population growth rate of 1.49 per year, so every year the population growth will occur about 3.5 million more per year. Meanwhile, higher education facilities are still not satisfied, so there are many people who have an educational background that is not high. Meanwhile, recent data show, in 2010 the average income of each population Indonesia (per capita / per head) which had stood at $ 3,000 per year. This means that every year, on average each population Indonesia derives income of USD 3000 (or equivalent to Rp 27 million per year). That figure is the average figures. Sure there are some people that its annual revenue reached 200 million dollars per year. And some are only 12 million per year. There was also the year exceeded 60 million. But all of this, if it is the average rate will generate revenues of USD 3,000 per resident (per capita) per year, and the number of poor people (the population with per capita expenditure per month below the poverty line) in Indonesia in March 2010 reached 31, 02 million (13.33 percent). Until now the number of poor people between urban and rural areas has not changed much. In March 2009, 63.38 percent of the poor live in rural areas, while in March 2010 at 64.23 percent. SMEs play a major role in employment and income sources for the wider community. Employment in the sector of Small Industry, Crafts and Household (IKKR) based on Standard Industrial Classification Indonesia Industry 23 sectors (KBLI), more than 8 million workers. This condition indicates that small and medium-sized industries have an important role in stimulating the economy of Indonesia. This situation led to much-needed one field of work that does not require high education background, but is able to provide a decent income, so that these fields can absorb the needs of society as a whole.

4. Development in Indonesia is still unevenly distributed, distribution of many small businesses are concentrated on the island of Java. To increase the number of SMEs and the resulting quality of production, the government continues to make efforts ranging from an increase in new entrepreneurs, helping improve production and quality as well as create or assist the formation of clusters of SMEs. The Government of Indonesia recognizes that SMEs have a strategic position in the national economy, at the end of the National Medium Term Development Plan, SMEs 2

have contributed to domestic gross product (GDP) by industry sector by 32 percent. SME business nationally in 2011 target of 3,806,566 units 3,909,343 units in 2010. Of the total 3,909,343 units, the numbers of SMEs outside Java are expected as many as 1,359,856 units. Small and medium industries have proven to be the industry's most enduring in the face of economic crisis, both in times of crisis in the late 1990s and the crisis that swept across the world in late 2008 and early 2009. In the period 1997-2000 contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) reached more than 46% of Indonesia's GDP. In 2007 Indonesia's GDP grew by 6,28%. Of these, small and medium alone grew 18,76%, whereas for the manufacturing sector for small and medium scale itself has a growth of 16,29%, which is to experience growth well above the average GDP growth in Indonesia. According to 2006 data from the Ministry of Industry sector Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a 38% share of the national economic growth. So, taking one form of small and medium industries are relatively new, is easily done by all circles of society, because it will be one business sector that is able to survive in an era of economic crisis and thus capital will be more easily realized.

5. in General, small-scale industry was born out of domestic industries with micro-scale developed in the future. With small-scale production, the level of flexibility is expected from a better company that could ultimately be more likely to survive in times of crisis when compared to large industrial. The role of SMEs in the country's economic growth has been recognized by many people. Some data indicate that in the United States, SMEs has a portion 99,7% compared with non-industrial SMEs, Australian Bureau of Statistics in 1999 revealed that 96% of nonagricultural industrial areas that are categorized as SMEs, while in Europe only 1% of business has a headcount of more than 50 people. During the economic crisis afflicting the world, where termination of employment (FLE) increased, so many people assume that the SME sector to save the economic movement, because in terms of layoffs at big companies, it will affect the birth of new SMEs created by the employees affected by layoffs. 6. To compete in domestic and international markets is not easy. Many factors become obstacles and challenges to be faced by companies in the SME sector. Constraints and challenges not only from the internal condition of the company but also from external conditions. Originality and novelty in fact be a real demand in world markets. Problems arising from these claims actually mostly Indonesian people, especially outside Java and Bali, still very dependent on work patterns and thought patterns of tradition, often these demands have been very difficult to do. This fact cannot be easily solved, a new method or new approach can be strongly rejected by the traditions of society. It's not just because of the emotional repulsion alone, but from field observations, internal constraints are quite prominent is derived from the limited ability of SME owners themselves, because SMEs generally have a smaller organization and simple, so the owner is directly involved in the daily work activities, ranging from financial management, production processes up to the marketing process. This resulted in the creative process becomes increasingly impossible to do. 3

7. Competition for SME products more heavily, because coupled with the lack of regulations relating to imported products, cause a lot of the domestic market is flooded with imported products. This condition is sometimes made for a specific type of product, SMEs is not easy to win the competition in the domestic market. Therefore, so the product can SMEs compete in the free market in both domestic and international markets, it is necessary to the fulfillment of quality that is recognized by the international community. One proof of compliance with quality standards is the fulfillment of internationally recognized standards ISO 9001 Quality Management System. This competition should be avoided, if the novelty value of commodities produced has a very high novelty value.

Exploring material
Exploring material is one design approach that aims to get the value of novelty, due or because the typical response is increased from a few actions in a material. Typical response is believed to arise because each material has unique properties as well. The human mind tends to simplify all the information entered, then what might be stored in memory is something that has been there before, is filtered beforehand, partially disposed deemed unnecessary, in other words, the mind will change something in mind. So, if relying on the memory you have in mind, answer that emerges is the correct answer is limited. answer given by something that exists outside the mind, will be proposals that are still intact. This is expected to appear on the results of processing carried out directly, so when expecting a new proposal, our minds are not allowed to screen proposals. This is why the process of 'exploring material, must be positive thanking, because then the mind will do the screening process down, and all potentials can be clearly seen. Likewise, the so-called pretensions, if this process starts with pretensions, it will serve as filter incoming information, because pretension is something that should be avoided in carrying out this process. Exploring material is actually a simple approach, but requires a different attitude to what has been believed so far. During this time, many people expressed the opposite approach is the best approach is logical and / or rational, means that this approach relies heavily on memory or insight, on the other hand, some other state that among the good work which is largely determined by one's tastes, or talent. Both may be true for certain things: but if the problem is trying to answer the 'how to produce something new', then the two approaches seem insufficient. Note that the approach under consideration is not the best approach for all types of creative methods, and if you want one that is worth the work (all the criteria of a design), the approach to the exploration of the material is not the most appropriate approach, this approach will be very useful when you want the "newness", and therefore for a process in order to achieve optimum results, then this approach must be equipped with another approach, it is logical and rational. 4

Some records that can be drawn from experiments conducted on a product design studio at the college design (product design department, FSRD Itenas) are as follows: 1. The process of exploring material' function to find new forms, its original form, not to get the best design, but a new form. The process to get a good design and good shape that you can do through other approaches. Meaning: to get the 'newness' and 'originality' You are right if you use this approach: it is not appropriate if you have to produce good design.

2. The process of exploring material should be done with good feelings and positive thoughts. It is very necessary to get the potential offered by the material. You should be able to get used to not assume in advance, or make an assessment before issuing an interesting idea. If this process is carried out by the pressures and pretensions of things, it will be very difficult generated novelty-novelty, because the pretensions and the pressure is something that limits your ideas. In addition, the implementation of a continuous process, without realizing it, each evaluation, new alternatives will be generated again. It would be possible, if you have found the key to be able to perform this process, difficulties faced is precisely to stop the process itself, because processes that will be a very pleasant experience. 3. Each material is believed to have a distinctive character, among others: structural, physical and chemical, aesthetic, and dimensional characteristics.

Stages of the process

Based on experiments conducted at the studio in Product Design education, in general the ideal process undertaken to carry out the exploration of materials can be divided into several stages as follows: a) The first stage: recognizing the material Materials, basically have properties that can be grouped into several, namely: 1) Physical and chemical properties, namely the physical and chemical properties of materials, because the chemical content of the form itself, resulting in physical growth. There are acidic materials, and bases a few. So when the rate decreases or increases, it will be changed physically. Some material will be soft when the rate of change in nature, or discoloration.

2) Visual or aesthetic characteristics, namely the visual display carried by the material itself that distinguishes it visually with other materials. With teak wood can be distinguished from its looks. Bamboo skin has a different look with the 'meat', and both can be used as a unique trait. Ferns and coconut wood fibers have a unique look compared to plain view samarinda wood.

3) Dimensions Characteristic, bamboo has a limited segment, there is no bamboo which has a length of up to 4 feet of space, and the diameter of a circle of bamboo, or a thick bamboo meat. Straight coconut wood will be very difficult to get on the size of 3 meters, while the teak wood will greatly enable obtained with a length of 6 meters. 4) Structural Characteristic/ properties, that is characteristic of the material builds on itself. Bamboo has strength by relying on the skin and flesh, the skin condition is removed, the power to be reduced, by keeping the skin, bamboo can bend with small radius, the same will be difficult to obtain while bamboo skin is removed.

At the preliminary stage, experiments conducted in the form of action (treatment) a physical or chemical. To gain clarity about the effects produced, it is necessary to perform the same actions over and over, in order to obtain clarity of the material response to a given treatment, compared with those obtained by the reaction accident. The element of chance is analyzed in order to be transferred into something intentional. This stage basically serves to gain an understanding of the characteristics of the material itself, so at this stage the offender must refrain from deciding which treatment is best assessed. Attitude that must be owned by the offender to perform this process is the ability to play high enough. To be able to do well, the actor must be able to act freely without pretension. b) The second stage: controlling the surprising. This stage is basically still a single unit with the previous stage, only if the previous stage only one treatment, then at this stage, one material will receive multiple treatments. For example: certain material prior to treatment, the first chemical process, such as bamboo that has been dried, first soaked in chemicals. Then when wet, bamboo elicits responses were given blows so that the pressure on the body of the bamboo. After that, still wet, half of bamboo beaten repeatedly to get a certain fraction, characteristics that suit of bamboo, while other parts are left intact. In the wet state, parts have been broken and tied arch, and off with a bond. The results of various treatments and then dried, and after the material becomes dry, bond is given is released. Thus the results obtained are the results of some action sequences are given on the material to produce a unique form. At this stage, what is done depends on the insights gained from the first stage: but it should still be able to withstand the actors themselves to not consider what will be produced, perpetrators still should expect surprising results for himself. Just as what is done in the first stage, then on stage combined treatment process must be repeated, in order to obtain results similar to each other. If the results obtained are the same, can be less sure that the character of these materials offer a form that is caused by the specific characteristics of the material 6

itself. Understanding of successful, if the setting of a given material response can be performed (responses can be controlled). Results variant opens a deeper understanding of specific characteristics or properties of the material itself. Like what is needed in the first stage, at this stage requires the ability to play very high, the freedom and flexibility of thinking must be owned that this process will be very good. Complete this process, necessary also sensitivity to the visual quality of the results obtained, to the opportunities offered by the visual quality of the material can be captured as potential benefits. Ideally, at this stage should be obtained from the various forms that may be present as a potential alternative to further development. Although at this stage, factors begin to take deliberate action: but it's not something limited to act, because if that happens then the factor of the element of surprise (surprise) will be difficult to obtain. c) The third stage: evaluation of alternative What will be obtained at the end of the process of phase two is a potential alternative variety. To enter the next stage must first be selected alternatives that may be most potential to be developed, or are most likely to be developed into a product. The best alternative is produced is something of a surprise, in order to obtain the final form of unique and original, alternative chosen should be an alternative that cannot be achieved by other materials. In the evaluation phase, offers a 'tease' is obtained from one material to be rejected or at least delayed if found alternative can be obtained easily by other materials, at least if other materials can do the same thing, then there must be another, more superior form of value, such as very fast, very cheap price, availability of a highly abundant material, or workmanship is very easy. Unlike the previous stages, at this stage, the utilization of visual qualities possessed by the material can be extracted correctly. For example, bamboo has a typical cross-sectional shape, the visual quality of the meat will look different from that displayed by the skin, as well as the inside of the bamboo that has the form of a soft surface (organic), get to the bottom of the book that contrasts with the central part of this book. d) The fourth stage: the dimensional and structure optimization Alternative obtained in the previous stage can be called as a module. The module is then compiled in sufficient quantity (8-10 pieces), and must prepare a variety of ways to obtain optimal visual quality. By using 'ability to play that has been done before' tried also to set the module in a way that is also unique. In this stage, the search effort intended also to get the most optimal size. Optimal understanding here leads also to the notion of visual quality offered by the arrangement of the module, does that mean it needs to be realized that in a specific dimension, visual quality produced by the arrangement of it in fact can be worthless if arranged in a certain way, the visual quality can be modules in fact does not appear. 7

If the process is done from scratch continuously, the result of the introduction of the character material would lead to the birth of an alternative system for proper connections between modules. As an example, the discovery of leather strap as replacement strap rattan or bamboo straw as a binder is a solid understanding of the nature of the skin is quite elastic, and the properties of bamboo that has the cylindrical form. Although not an obligation, but the success was found by the system that was exact to connect modules occasionally helped us to find the character of the more again optimal form, several students who carried out this experiment indeed continued to find the interesting form although they did not yet find the continuation system that was exact in this stage. Several material basically has had the strength of the structure that did not need help of the other component to get the strength, for example several material that had the strength of the structure against himself was bamboo, wood, seeds that had the element of bones (the seed jambu batu or the seed salak). But was gotten also several material that had the weak structure, for example material grass, in the dry situation was very fragile. Towards the matter like this the other component that was helped the structure to be able to be used, like the use of gauze, the wire ram or the wire. Some students never offers interesting solutions to the character of the material on these fragile materials, by way of piled and compressed, so the grass lawns that have no bones to be have the power, even loud enough. A classic example of this is solution on bonding broom marks, where a State's own ribs in almost no power. When some marks are combined into one module, then the suppleness of the earlier marks in a State-owned single became greatly reduced, While the strength of the marks to be intensified. Thinking about the relationship between the connection and the power system shall be conducted in parallel structural, at the same time, not well thought out one by one in sequence. Result produced by the merger of the modules are in some cases will offer an attractive visual qualities, even admirable. The Searching efforts for the dimension could be also carried out by means of being in stages, that is proceeded with efforts to receive the field, modules were compiled into a field, just afterwards was followed by efforts how this field could produce a volume. Sometimes, in some cases when acquiring a volume form is done, by the middle of the retrieved one power structure caused by the volume. The logic of plance to receive the strength of the structure could be seen from the characteristics of paper. The soft and weak paper field, by arranging the fold and the fold or the curve could produce the strength to support himself. By rolling or folding one sheet of paper until he could stand showed that efforts to receive the structural strength always must not use the other material. Through the playing process, could be received by the strength, the soundness that was received by arranging forms from material that personally.

5) fifth stage : detail study ( final design ) If structural aspects, physical dimension and are making something that can be assessed either, then the next step is to do three dimensional optimization of shape. Unique forms of such further utilized as a product that works. In the case of the lighting, the design considerations is done by looking at the possibilities offered by the three dimensional shape forms that have been produced, such as the density is not high on a three dimensional looping module can be used as a loophole that can produce an excellent visual quality. Some material that can achieve the effect of transparency can be directly used as a light filter that provides the visual effects. At this stage, for a case study of lighting, can be done a few considerations as ease of manufacture, the efficient design order, laying on of the lights, shapes or lamp base hanger, and so on. In the process of consideration of this will happen (compromise) between adjustments to one count of a consideration of the demands of other considerations. Lighting products, for example, will require the presence of light, for armature, and a pole or base, so that due to the heat generated by the lamp should be able to accommodate well, and so, there is a minimum limit of the product dimension so that the lights can be placed in proper position. The results of three dimensional exploration that have led to the final form to do improvements, this is done not only to get the best visual quality, but also are expected to be able to answer the possibilities that occur when the lamp is to be used.

The Conclusion
1) Each material has its own distinctive characteristics, whether structural, chemical, physical, aesthetic, and dimensions. These characteristics will show the typical response to a given treatment. The typical response is to be the inspiration for a novelty that previously did not exist in the memory.

2) The main Attitude in carrying out this process is the ability to play high, therefore this approach can be done by anyone who has the ability to play. 3) The aesthetic sensitivity in comprehending the opportunity that was offered by every time material initially was one element of the surprise that was preceded by the attitude without pretention. The appreciation towards the newness was higher compared with the appreciation towards the visual value of the quality personally. 4) Experiments conducted on students who do not have a strong foundation of talent show that this approach can be applied to anyone without having to have an academic background that

high, so the approach considered able to answer the problems that arise from the background which has been described in the introductory chapter. 5) Experimental results show that every characteristic of materials can present their uniqueness and originality is high, therefore this approach viable offer for the industry was judged small medium enterprises as an alternative approach that requires new raw materials replace conventional materials that are difficult for small medium sized industries are obtained. 6) The work generated shows the number of new opportunities for the community's efforts in creating new industries that do not depend on the value of high investment and knowledge of conventional materials.

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