BALIUAG UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARTS and SCIENCES Gil Carlos St. Baliwag, Bulacan.

Assignment in Biological Science

Submitted by: Mark Julius Cruz
Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Submitted to: Maam Daisy Rose Cao

Vitamin

Sources

Needed by Body Parts/FUNCTIONS Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A,D, E, K) EYES 1. For normal eyesight, especially in dim light. 2. For strong immune system by keeping the outer skin as well as the skin that lines the resp. tract. 3. Helps prevent cancer.

Deficiency Night blindness (slow recovery of vision after exposure to flashes of bright light at night). Xerophthalmia( thickening, opacity and irreversible blindness) Changes/dryness in skin and membranes. Xerosis (early sign of xerophthalmia, includes drying of the cornea) Cessation of bone growth. Rickets (in children, faulty bone growth, bowing legs.) Osteomalacia (in adults, characterized by soft bones, joint pains, bending of spine and bowing of legs) Breakdown of red blood cellsleading to anemia, nerve degeneration, weakness, difficulty of walking and leg cramps. Bleeding tendencies Hemorrhagic diseases.

Vitamin A Other Names: Retinol, Retinoic Acid, precursor is beta-carotene

Dairy product, liver, margarine, cheese, egg yolk, cream and green, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.

Vitamin D Other Names: Calciferol, Cholecalciferol, Dihydroxy vitamin D, precursor is cholesterol

Self-synthesis with sunlight; fortified milk, butter, margarine, cereal, egg, liver and oily fish like sardines.

BONES 1. For proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus via intestine. 2. Stimulates calcium retention in the kidneys. 3. For strong bones and teeth.

Plant oils (esp. sunflower seed oil), green leafy Vitamin E Other Names: Tocopherol vegetables, whole wheat, nuts, seeds and grain products. Bacterial synthesis in the Vitamin K Other Names: Phylloquinone, digestive tract; green leafy Menaquinone, vegetables, liver, milk, egg Phytomenadione and meats.

1. Helps the body neutralize harmful substances that can cause heart disease and cancer. BLOOD (coagulation) 1. Essential for the blood to clot. 2. Formation of proteins that binds calcium to the bone.

Vitamin C Other Names: Ascorbic Acid

Water- Soluble Vitamins (Vitamin C and B Vitamins) 1. For healthy and strong blood vessel walls. Citrus fruits, green pepper, 2. For bodys iron absorption. broccoli, cantaloupe, kiwi 3. Serves as an antioxidant fruit, cabbage, guava, melon, 4. Provides the matrix for bone tomatoes, papayas, lettuce growth. and mangoes. 5. Promotes healing. 6. For strong resistance to infection. MUSCLE / NERVE FUNCTION 1. Helps the body turn carbohydrates into energy. 2. Supports normal appetite. 3. Supports the normal function of heart, nerves, and muscles. EYES and SKIN 1. Helps the body produce energy from CHO, CHON and fats. (coenzyme for energy metabolism) 2. Supports normal vision and skin health. 1. Helps the body release energy from CHO, CHON and fats. (coenzyme for energy metabolism) 2. For healthy skin. 3. Keeps the normal activity of stomach, intestines and nervous system. 1. Helps release energy in the body. 2. Helps to make fatty acids and cholesterol.

Scurvy (bleeding gums, loosened teeth) Bruising tendencies. Anemias, atherosclerotic plaques, pinpoint hemorrhages, frequent infection, bone fragility and joint pain. Beriberi (inflammatory and degenerative changes of the nerves and heart) Muscle weakness, edema, fatigue, nerve damage, paralysis and heart failure.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Present in all nutritious foods in moderate amount; pork, liver, beef, whole grains and legumes.

Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)

Milk, yoghurt, meats, cottage cheese, enriched cereals and green vegetables.

Ariboflavinosis, cheilosis, sorethroat, swollen red tongue, magenta tongue, eye irritation (hypersensitivity to light), and skin rash. Pellagra ( flaky skin rash on areas exposed to sunlight(dermatitis),dementia, diarrhea) Glossitis(inflamed, smooth tongue) Weakness and loss of appetite, failure to grow, dementia, confusion. Vomiting, intestinal distress, insomnia, fatigue and muscle cramps.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Other Names: Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, precursor is tryptophan

Milk, fish, poultry, nuts, meat, peanuts, legumes, whole grains, enriched breads and all protein containing food.

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

Widespread in foods.Especially in cereals, grains and organ meats.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Other Names: Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine

Whole grains, most high protein foods, spinach, legumes, dairy products, broccoli and fruits.

1. Helps the body to use amino acids to form tissue proteins. 2. Helps convert tryptophan to niacin. 3. Helps make red blood cells. 4. Supports the synthesis of neurotransmitter and the myelin coating around the nerves. 1. Helps the body turn food to energy. 2. Required in the making of fatty acids, amino acids and purines. 3. Needed for the formation of glycogen in the muscle and liver. 1. Essential to the formation of new cells. 2. Aids in DNA and RNA metabolism. 3. Supports normal maturity of red blood cells. 4. Required for the release of energy from food. 5. Works with cobalamin to protect and develop the nervous system.

Neuritis, anemia, headache, irritability, depression, convulsion, muscle twitching, greasy dermatitis and rashes.

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Widespread in foods.

Nutritional deficiency unknown.

Green leafy vegetables, nuts, legumes, green products, Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) chicken, liver, pork, Other Names: Folacin, asparagus, black beans, lima Folate, Pteroylglutamic Acid. beans and fortified white bread.

Megaloblastic Anemia (large immature red blood cells) Glossitis, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation, frequent infections, smooth red tongue, confusion, fainting. Birth defects.

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Animal foods like liver, meat, fish, poultry and eggs. None in plants.

1. Helps in the formation of new cells including red blood cells. 2. Helps maintain nerve cells.

Pernicious Anemia (decrease in number but increase in size of the RBCs) Fatigue, deterioration of nerves leading to paralysis and hypersensitivity of the skin.