Pericardium- the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, composed of external

(fibrous) and internal (serous) layers. Parietal Pericardium- the parietal layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the fibrous pericardium Visceral Pericardium- the inner layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the heart and roots of the great vessels. Called also epicardium. Pericardial Cavity-is a potential space between the parietal pericardium and visceral layer. It contains a supply of serous fluid. The serous fluid that is found in this space is known as the pericardial fluid. Myocardium-is the muscular tissue of the heart Endocardium- is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Right and Left atrium-is one of the four chambers in the human heart - Fossa ovalis (heart)- an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale - Auricles- are the two upper chambers of the heart divided into right auricle and left auricle -(Right auricle always contains deoxygenetated blood (blood mixed with carbon dioxide) and left one has the oxygenetated blood. The two types of the blood do not get mixed up as the two auricles are separated from one another by an interauricular septum) Right and Left ventricles- The lower two chambers of the heart are called ventricles -Interventricular Valves- abbreviated IVS, is the stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another Heart Valves- normally allows blood flow in only one direction through the heart -Atrioventricular Valves- These are small valves that prevent backflow

from the ventricles into the atrium during systole 1) Tricuspid Valve- is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart,
between the right atrium and the right ventricle 2) Bicuspid (Mitral) Valves- It allows the blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. It is on the left side of the heart and has two cusps 3) Chordae Tendineae- are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart. 4) Papillary Muscles- are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (a.k.a. the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendinae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves - Semilunar Valves- Either of two valves, one located at the opening of the aorta and the other at the opening of the pulmonary artery, each consisting of three crescent-shaped cusps and serving to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles 1) Pulmonary Semilunar Valves- is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

2) Aortic Semilunar Valves- one of the valves of the heart. It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1% of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets). It lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood Vessels- are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body -Superior vena cava- is a large diameter, yet short, vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart's right atrium. -Inferior vena cava - also known as the posterior vena cava, is the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart - Pulmonary Trunk- A vessel that arises from the right ventricle of the heart, extends upward, and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries that convey unaerated blood to the lungs -Pulmonary Veins- are large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. In humans there are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung - Aorta- is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it bifurcates into two smaller arteries (the common iliacs). Coronary Blood Vessels-