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CONCRETE
LEARNING OUTCOME
Explain the basic science and engineering fundamentals pertaining to classification,properties, advantages and disadvantages of concrete.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is most widely used as construction material.
Obtained by mixing cement, water + aggregates
water and cement and its continues for a long time, and consequently the concrete grows stronger with age.
INTRODUCTION (cont.)
concrete depend:
o o
o
o
Properties of its ingredients Properties of the mix Method of compaction Other controls during placing, compaction and curing
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE
It is usual to specify a particular concrete by the proportion (by
cement, sand and coarse aggregate in a ratio 1:2:4 (with a specified type of cement, water cement ratio & max. size of coarse aggregate).
Prescribed mix concrete or Designed mix concrete -Depending on the specifying requirements of the desirable properties of concrete (strength, workability, durability and permeability.
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Concrete has to satisfy performance requirements in the
Segregation
Is the separation of coarse aggregate Is the separation of cement paste from the main mass
Bleeding
GRADES OF CONCRETE
Concrete generally graded according to its compressive
strength at 28 days.
Various grades of concrete are grouped into 9 categories as
stipulated in codes of practice BS 8110 best known based on their characteristics strength in N/mm2
Table below shows the tabulation of concrete grade based
on BS 8110.
Grade 7 10 15
20 25 30
40 50 60
ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
Economical in long run as compared to other engineering
materials. Except cement, it can be made from locally available coarse and fine aggregates.
Concrete possesses a high compressive strength and
minimal of corrosive and weathering effects. When properly prepared, its strength = a hard natural stone.
The fresh concrete can be easily handled and moulded into
any shape or size according to specifications. The formwork can be re-used a number of times for similar jobs resulting in economy.
combination with steel reinforcement. The concrete and steel have approximately equal coefficients of thermal expansion. The concrete is extensively used in the construction of foundations, walls, roads, airfields, buildings, water retaining structures, docks and harbours, dams, bridges, bunkers and silo etc.
Concrete can be sprayed on and filled into fine cracks for repairs by the
guniting process.
Concrete is durable and fire resistant and requires very little
maintenance.
Concrete can be pumped and hence it can be laid in the difficult
positions also.
DISADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
Concrete has low tensile strength and hence cracks easily.
expands on wetting. Provision for contraction joints has to be made to avoid the development of cracks due to drying shrinkage and moisture movement.
Concrete
under sustained loading undergoes creep resulting in the reduction of prestress in the perestressed concrete construction.
Hence, expansion joints have to provided to avoid the formation of cracks due to thermal movement.
Concrete is not entirely impervious to moisture and contains