Part A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Explain the necessity of irrigation Discuss field capacity and wilting coefficient.

Explain the working of a tipping bucket type recording rain gauge. What are the assumptions in deriving the unit hydrograph? Draw a typical section of canal in cutting List the different type of canal outlets. Discuss specific yield and specific retention What are the different types of aquifers? Explain the zones of storage in a reservoir What are the different methods of flood control? PartB 11. (a) Define duty and delta. Derive the relationship between them (b) The base period, intensity of irrigation and duty of different crops grown in an area are given below. Find the reservoir capacity if canal losses are 15%:
Crop Rice Sugar cane Cotton Vegetable Base Period (Days) 120 360 200 120 Duty (ha/cume) 900 800 1400 700 Area (ha) 3200 5600 2400 1400

12(a). Define consumptive use of water. Enumerate the factors affecting it. (b). Explain Blaney- criddle method for computing consumptive use. IMPORTANT

13(a). Explain the method of fixing the optimal number of rain gauge stations in basin. (b). For the basin of 500km2 isohyetals plotted for a storm gave the following data. Estimate average depth of precipitation over the basin.
Isohyetal interval(cm) Area bounded between(km2) 0-3 75 3-6 150 6-9 125 9-12 130

the

12-15 90

14(a). Discuss the different methods of base flow separation.

(4 marks)

(b).The following rain fall was observed from a rainfall of 14 hours duration in a basin of area 6km2. If the index for the catchment is 0.3cm/hr, find the volume of direct run-off from the basin. 15(a). Discuss balancing depth for a canal section. (b). The slope of a canal is alluvium in 1 in 4000. Laceys silt factor is 1 and side slopes 0.5H:1V. Determine the channel section and maximum flow allowed in it. (8marks)

16(a). What are the losses in canals? (b). Design a channel section by Kennedys theory. Given, B/D ratio=5.6, bed slope= 1 in 5000 and roughness co efficient=0.225. Also find the discharge carried by the channel. (8marks)

17(a). Define Darcys law. How will you determine the co efficient of permeability of a soil. (5 marks) (b). The water table in an area was observed to fall from 6m to 8m, below ground level when water was pumped at the rate of 4x105 m3/km2 area. Compute specific yield and specific retention assuming porosity as 34%. (7 marks) OR 18(a). Explain infiltration galleries. (4 marks)

(b). A 20cm well penetrates 20m below static water level. After a period of pumping at a rate of 1800lpm, drawdown in observation wells at 12m and 36m from the pumped well are 1.2m and 0.5m respectively. Determine transmissibility of aquifer. (8marks)

19(a). Explain different investigations to be carried out in reservoir planning. (6 marks) (b). Explain trap efficiency and the method of finding the life of a reservoir. (6 marks) OR 20(a). Explain the causes of water logging. How can it be prevented. (b). With sketches explain the different types of groynes. (6 marks) (6 marks)