Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Suhanto Kastaredja
SMAN 14 Surabaya Jl. Tenggilis Mejoyo Blok KK Perum YKP IV Rungkud Surabaya
Email:kastaredjasuhanto@yahoo.com
Source: http://teacherjoe.us/learnenglishgrammar04.html
In the past, many students could practice English with penpals - they could send letters to people all around the world. With the Internet, we now can have keypals we can send emails to international friends from around the world. Here is some advice to help you succeed with your online language exchanges: 1. How to start a conversation when speaking English online When you want to speak to somebody, start by asking "Yes or No" questions. Use questions such as "Do you like to blah blah blah?" or "Can you blah blah blah?" or "Have you ever blah blah blahed?". Remember your goal. You are trying to find the other person's interests. Think about things you enjoy and try to find some common ground with the person you chat with. 2. How to keep a conversation going Listen carefully. In that way, you can get to know somebody as an individual, not just as an online speaking partner. When you know them well, you will have more to talk about. Ask follow up questions. After you listen, use what you hear to learn more about that person. Especially use "open ended" questions, such as "What do you like most about blah blah blah?" or "What was the most interesting experience you've had while blah blah blahing?". Share your own experiences to show you have similar interests and attitudes. If you only ask questions, you will sound a bit like a policeman! Let other people know about you,
Model Sentence: How do you study English now? Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each question out loud! 1. How do you go to work every day? 2. How old are you? 3. How tall are you? 4. How can I buy a ticket? 5. How do you feel this afternoon? 6. How is your stomach? 7. How are your parents doing? 8. How is your new job going? 9. How often do you go to the movies? Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. How do you like your job? (I like it a lot. Or I don't like it very much.) 2. How are you feeling today? (I'm feeling better than yesterday.) 3. How is the weather today? (It's warm and sunny a beautiful day!) 4. How fast can you run? (I can't run very fast! Or I can run pretty fast.) 5. How often do you study English? (I often study. / I study every day. / I don't study very often. / I frequently study. / I rarely study.)
1. How long have you studied English? 2. How long will you stay in your current job? 3. How much money do you spend for lunch every day? 4. How much time do you spend sleeping each night? 5. How many years have you spent in school? 6. How many days do you work each week?
Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each question out loud! 1. Would you like some tea? 2. Would you come here for a moment? 3. What do you want to eat for lunch? 4. What do you want to drink? 5. Could you tell me your name? 6. Could you help me move this? 7. May I sit here? 8. May we come in? Conversation Practice - There are no conversations for "Polite Questions". Please go to Pattern 7!
Model Sentence Would you like to travel to the moon some day? Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each question out loud! 1. Would you like to visit London? (Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.) 2. Could you take a train to work next week? (Yes, we could. / No, we couldn't.) 3. Should we study this for the test? (Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.) 4. Would you have studied harder as a student? [If you had another chance.] (Yes, I would have. / No, I wouldn't have.) 5. Could you have found a better way? (Yes, I could have. / No, I couldn't have. 6. Should you have asked for help before the test? (Yes, we should have. / No, we shouldn't have.) Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Would you like to travel in space? 2. Would you like to visit the moon? 3. Could a lion beat an alligator in a fight? 4. Could a time machine be built in the future? 5. Should we spend more time at work or with our families? 6. Should we give money to poor people on the streets? Discussion Give longer answers to these questions. 1. Would you enjoy flying an airplane by yourself? 2. Could we have a cheap electric car in the future? 3. Should cloning (making a "copy" of people!) be allowed in the future? 4. What should people do to make our world cleaner? 5. How could we make a million dollars in a short time? 6. Where should we put all of the world's garbage?
1. Have you been to California? 2. Have you seen any good movies recently? 3. Have you ever seen a ghost? 4. Has your sisters seen your new car? 5. Has English become easier or more difficult for you? 6. Has your hometown changed a lot in the past ten years? Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Have you read any good books this year? 2. Have you travelled somewhere interesting in your life? 3. Have you ever tried a dangerous sport? 4. Have you studied a foreign language other then English? 5. Has anyone told you an interesting story recently? Discussion Give longer answers to these questions. 1. Would you enjoy flying an airplane by yourself? 2. Could we have a cheap electric car in the future? 3. Should cloning (making a "copy" of people!) be allowed in the future? 4. What should people do to make our world cleaner? 5. How could we make a million dollars in a short time? 6. Where should we put all of the world's garbage?
1. Which sport is your favorite? 2. Which job is best for you? 3. Which sound in English is hardest for you to make? 4. Which do you like more, reading books or listening to music? 5. Which did you enjoy more, your high school days or your elementary school days? Discussion Practice - Give longer answers to these questions. 1. Which is more important to you, being rich or being happy? 2. Which do you think is more dangerous, eating too much or driving too fast?
1. I have good books. 2. She has two brothers. 3. He has one sister. 4. We have no time. 5. They have a house in the city. 6. You have good pronunciation in English! Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 2. What good books do you have for studying English? 3. Does your friend have good English pronunciation? 4. What kind of home does your family have? 5. Do your parents have good jobs? 6. Does your hometown have good parks?
5. What did you have for breakfast this morning? 6. Where did you have dinner last night?
This pattern describes actions that happened now, so we use "was" or "were", not "is", "am" or "are". We use "ing" to show the action continued. It was not an action that was quickly finished! Because the action continues, it is possible that another action happened at the same time. Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. I was sleeping (at 4 o'clock this morning). 2. She was eating dinner (at 6 o'clock last night). 3. He was coming home (last night after work). 4. We were talking on the telephone. 5. They were running. 6. You were studying English in junior high school. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What were you doing yesterday at this time? (I was working. / I was eating lunch. / I wasn't doing anything special.) 2. What was your father doing this morning at 8? (He was ...) 3. What were your parents doing last week? (They were ...) 4. Were you studying English last night? (Yes I was studying. / No I wasn't studying.) 5. Were you working or studying five years ago?
Conversation Practice - Practice these questions with your friends. Be sure to answer with the Noun + Verb + Noun pattern! 1. Do you enjoy coffee? 2. Do you enjoy tea? 3. Does your mother love cars? 4. Does your father like art? 5. Did you finish your work? 6. Where did you go yesterday?
Model Sentence She can speak Japanese. Patterns 20, 21 and 22 have two verbs together in the middle of each sentence. Pattern 20 has two simple verbs together without "to" or "ing". In the Model Sentence, the two verbs are "can" and "speak". Although this pattern (Pattern 20) is quite simple, it is important to know the difference between this pattern and the next two (Pattern 21 and Pattern 22). Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. We can read books. 2. I can't hear the music. 3. You will see her. 4. We won't visit him.b> 5. I don't know them. 6. I do know them. ("do" makes it stronger "I really DO know them"!) Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What can you do well? 2. What can't you do very well? 3. Will you go somewhere tonight? 4. Will you visit anyone tomorrow? 5. Do you know the Marx brothers? (Groucho, Harpo and Chico, not Karl!) 6. Did you study English yesterday?
Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. We like to read books. 2. They want to eat soup. 3. She hopes to teach English. 4. He tries to improve his writing. 5. I stopped to eat dinner. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What do you like to read? 2. What do you want to eat for dinner tonight? 3. Where do you hope to work in the future? 4. What are you trying to improve in your life? 5. Do you sometimes stop on your way home from work? Why?
1. Do you enjoy playing tennis? 2. What sport do you enjoy playing the most? 3. Do you try learning many new things? 4. Can you remember doing anything special last week? 5. What do you remember thinking when you started learning English? 6. Do you like studying English? 7. What do you like studying besides English?
5. What can you often see in the sky? 6. What can you often see on a mountain?
1. She gave the keys to her friend. 2. My brother threw a bone at the dog. 3. My sister moved her home to the city center. 4. We put the old magazines into the garbage bin. 5. The swimmer threw himself into the water. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Do you give any kind words to your coworkers? 2. What nice gifts have you given to your parents? 3. What kind of things have you put on top of your television? 4. What can you throw at (or to) your dog? 5. Where do you usually put old newspapers? 6. Which part of the city do you want to move to?
3. Are your friends in other cities happy to live there? 4. Who in your city wants to make changes? 5. What food in your home is not very fresh?
1. What will the weather be like tomorrow? (It will be...) 2. What's the date today? 3. Is it the weekend yet? (Yes it is. / No it's not. It's ...) 4. Is it raining right now? 5. Will it snow tomorrow?
1. How does your sister (or brother) feel now? How about you? 2. Do you have a million dollars? How about your friends? 3. Have your friends been to South Africa? How about you? 4. Can your parents fly an airplane? What about you? 5. Which country were you born in? What about your brother? (or sister?)
Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What do you want to do more seriously? 2. Is there anything you can do more quickly than your friends? 3. Is there anything you do more slowly than your friends? 4. When should people speak louder than normal? 5. When should people speak more softly than normal? 6. What should people try to do more carefully?
Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What do you do better than other people? 2. What do you do less well than others? 3. Who usually studies harder than you do? 4. Who can run faster than your mother? 5. What is more interesting than studying English?
Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Who is the best English speaker you know? 2. Who is the worst English speaker you know? 3. What is the funniest TV show you have ever seen? 4. What do you think is the most interesting city in the world? 5. Which is the longest river in the world?
4. We were hungry, thirsty and tired. 5. The weather was cold, windy and rainy. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. How can you describe your family members? 2. What is your best friend like? 3. What is the weather like today? 4. What was the weather like yesterday? 5. Can you describe your favorite food? 6. What special food did you eat yesterday?
3. A friendly dog in your home can be fun and interesting. 4. Ten of the students in the classroom were sleepy, bored, and restless. 5. My friend from Spain is hard working and intelligent. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Are students in an English classroom usually bored and sleepy? 2. How can we describe workers in your country? 3. What activities do you think are fun and interesting? 4. Where can you find activities that are fun and interesting? 5. Have you ever met a woman who is tall, beautiful and dangerous? Where???
1. Whoever finishes first is the winner. (The winner is whoever finishes first.) 2. Whenever we arrive we'll have a party. (We'll have a party whenever we arrive.) 3. Whichever bus comes first, we'll take. (We'll take whichever bus comes first.) 4. Wherever we go, it will be fun. (It will be fun wherever we go.) 5. Whatever you do, we will support you. (We will support you whatever you do.) Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Who will win a basketball match? (Whoever scores the most points...) 2. Where can we find good Chinese food in Beijing? (Wherever you go...) 3. When do you like eating pizza? (Whenever I'm hungry!) 4. What kind of movies do you watch? (Whatever is playing at the cinema...) 5. Which kind of computer do you want to buy? (Whichever is cheaper...)
1. What's the problem with the car? (The problem with the car is...) 2. What's the matter with this tea? 3. What's the solution to this problem? 4. Who's the author of this book? 5. Where's the manager of this store? Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Who is the leader in your company? 2. What's the name of your hometown? 3. Where's the capital city of your country? 4. How is the food in your favorite restaurant? 5. When is the biggest festival in your country or city?
1. The boy who bought the fresh oranges on Wednesday returned today. 2. My coworker with the incredibly beautiful girlfriend is getting married soon. 3. A day in the sun without any work to do is a wonderful day! 4. Three days of working hard without any breaks will make you very tired! 5. A teacher with some very good ideas for helping students improve their English quickly and efficiently is a great teacher! Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. How many days of working hard without a break have you done before? 2. What kind of day is a wonderful day for you? 3. Have you ever met a woman with an incredibly handsome boyfriend? 4. Do you know any teachers with good ideas for helping students improve their English more quickly and
Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. Is that a good book? Yes, it's a very exciting story. 2. Is your car new or old? It's quite an old car. 3. Does your friend like to dance? No, she's not a very active person. 4. Are your parents interested in travelling? No, they are extremely hard working so they usually don't leave the city. 5. Do you live in a quiet neighborhood? No, it's quite noisy because there are many cars. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Can you describe your home or apartment? 2. What kind of neighborhood do you live in? 3. Are you the kind of person who has enough time to travel? 4. Can you tell us what kind of movies or TV programs you enjoy? 5. Is your friend the type of person who will go dancing often?
Adverbs modify verbs. In other words, adverbs give more information about verbs. In the Model Sentence, the verb is "wake up". We can show the time of waking up by using an expression with "when" - "when the sun rises". This is a very common pattern in English, but students often struggle with it. Just practice this grammar pattern a few times, however, and you'll master it very soon. Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. I usually eat when my brother eats. 2. They normally sleep when the sun goes down. 3. She doesn't study when the weekend comes. 4. We need an umbrella when it's raining. 5. My cousin travels when he doesn't have a lot of work to do. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What do you like to do when the weekend comes? 2. Do you always have an umbrella when it rains? 3. Do you always carry an umbrella when it doesn't rain? 4. Is there a regular time when you go to bed? 5. When do you think is the best time to travel?
we know this person will help others when they have trouble. This is a good way to add important meaning to your communication in English. Learn it well and use it often! Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. I have a friend who likes to jump out of airplanes. 2. My sister is a person who sleeps until noon. 3. Learners of English are people who really hope to succeed! 4. A good musician is a perfectionist who practices every day. 5. Joe is a teacher who likes to laugh. Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Do you know anybody who can fix a broken computer? 2. Do you have a friend who can play the guitar? 3. Who is a famous person who appears often on TV? 4. Are you the type of person who likes to wake up early? 5. Was there a teacher who really helped you a lot?
Sentence Pattern 49 is a basic Yes / No question but with a longer noun phrase at the end. This is one of the most common conversation starters in English, so learn it perfectly! Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. Do you think it will rain tomorrow? 2. Do you think they'll come here next week? 3. Does she think he will return home in the future? 4. Did they think we would pay the bill for them? 5. Do you think they will come here tomorrow? Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. Do you think you can speak English better than before? 2. Does your father think you are a good student? 3. Did you think you could become a great English speaker? 4. Did you think you could quickly start speaking English fluently? 5. Do you think you will learn another language after English?
Model Sentence What do you think is the best type of music? Sentence Pattern 50 is another one of the most common conversation starters in English. You can use this pattern in almost any situation, so use it often. Pronunciation Practice - Repeat each sentence out loud! 1. What do you think he will do? 2. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 3. When do you think they'll come here? 4. Who does she think will return in the future? 5. Where do you think the show will begin? Conversation Practice - Ask these questions to your friends! 1. What do you think you will do next week? 2. What does your mother think you should do in your career? 3. When do you think you can speak English perfectly? 4. Who do you think is the best singer in the world? 5. Where do you think is the most beautiful city in the world?
Good luck