w Sl. No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Threat of New Entry Item Supply-side economies of scale Demand-side benefits of scale Customer switching costs Capital requirements Incumbency advantages independent of size Unequal access to distribution channels Restrictive government policy History of past retaliation Key High-low High-low High-low High-low Presentlow Presentlow Presentlow Strong-low TOE High Low High High High N/A Low

Power of Suppliers Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Item # of suppliers relative to # industry players Cost (to industry players) of switching between suppliers Suppliers offer products that are differentiated Substitutes to what the supplier group provides Suppliers can integrate forward into the industry Dependence of supplier group on the industry Key High-low High-high Yes-high PresentLow Yes-high High-low TOE High Low Yes Present Yes Low

Sl. No. CL1

The Power of Customers Item #buyers relative to # of industry players Buying volume per average transaction Key Highlow Highhigh Yeshigh Highlow Yeshigh Yeshigh

CL2 The industrys products are standard or undifferentiated CL3 Cost (to the buyers) of switching between players CL4 Buyers have a credible threat of integrating backward CL5 PS1 The products it purchases from the industry represent a significant fraction of its cost or expenditures

PO B Hi gh Lo w Ye s Lo w Ye s Ye s

PS2 PS3 PS4

The customer group earns low profits, is strapped for cash, or is otherwise under pressure to trim its purchasing costs The quality of the buyers products or services is affected by the industrys product The buyers overall costs are significantly affected by the industry

Yeshigh Yeslow Yeshigh

Ye s Ye s Ye s

The Threat of Substitutes Sl. No. 1 2 Item Substitutability of the industrys product (availability and comparability of substitutes price/ performance) Profitability of substitute products industry Key Highhigh Highhigh TO S Hig h Hig h

Rivalry among Existing Competitors Sl. No. P1 P2 P3 P4 I1 I2 I3 I4 Item The product or service lacks differentiation or switching costs Fixed costs are high and marginal costs are low Capacity must be expanded in large increments The product is perishable Competitors are numerous or are roughly equal in size and power Industry growth is slow Exit barriers Rivals are highly committed to the business but have diverse approaches, origins, and personalities. Key Yeshigh Yeshigh Yeshigh Yeshigh Yeshigh Yeshigh Highhigh Yeshigh IOR Yes Yes Yes No Hig h No Hig h Yes