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Institute of Applied Mechanics in HoChiMinh City, 291 Dien Bien Phu Str.,Dist.03, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam. Address for correspondence : Nguyen Thanh Long. ABSTRACT By the method of indeterminate coefficients we prove the following inequality
1 (1 r ) r a n , n =1 r 1 r r r 1 2 an , n =1
r r r a1 + a 2 + ... + a n n n =1
if
1 r < 1, r 0, r < 1.
if
where a n 0 , n = 1,2,...
n =1
an < .
p p an p 1 n =1
(1)
where a n 0 , n = 1,2,... ,
n =1
an <
and p > 1 .
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(a1a2 ...an )
n =1
n =1
an .
(2)
(a1a2 ...an )
n =1
< e
n =1
an .
(3)
The constant e is sharp in the sense that it can not be replaced by a smaller one. Recently, the inequality (3) is also improved by many authors, example:Yang Bicheng, L.Debnath[2] with
(a1a2 ...an )
n =1
< e
(1 2n + 2 ) a n ,
n =1
(4)
(a1a2 ...an )
n =1
< e
(1 +
n =1
n =1
n+ 1
) 5
2a
(5)
p
1
as follows
r
(1 r )
an
n =1
(6)
where a n 0 , n = 1,2,... ,
2.MAIN RESULT
n =1
an <
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r r r a1 + a 2 + ... + a n n n =1
1 (1 r ) r a n , n =1 r 1 r r r 1 2 an , n =1
if
1 r < 1, r 0, r < 1.
(7.a)
if
(7.b)
r r r a1 + a 2 + ... + a n n
(8)
(9)
Lemma 3. For all n N , we have 1 (i) n (n 1) > (n ) 1 if 0 < < 1 , 2 1 (ii) n (n 1) < (n ) 1 if 1 < < 2 . 2 p Proof of Lemma 1. Let q = , Ak 0, Bk 0 , we have the Holders inequality p 1
(10) (11)
n Ak Bk Akp k =1 k =1
n
p n
q Bk k =1
q Bk k =1
if
p > 1,
(12)
and
n Ak Bk Akp k =1 k =1
n 1 p n 1 q
if
p <1 .
(13)
(14)
we obtain (8).
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(1 + x) =
k =0
(15)
where
k C =
( 1)...( k + 1) , k!
we have
1 1 k 1 ) = m C (m ) = m (1 . 2 2m 2m k =0 Simillarly k
(16)
1 k 1 (m + ) = m C . 2 2m k =0 k
(17)
= 2m Proof of Lemma 3.
2k 1 C +1 2m k =0
2 k +1
1 > 2m C
1 = 1+ . 2m m
With n = 1 , then (10) and (11) evidently hold. 1 Let n 2 , put p = n . Applying (15) with x = 1 , = we obtain 2p 2 1 1 1 n = ( p + ) = p (1 + ) = p Ck ( ) k . 2p 2p 2 k =0 Similarly, 1 1 (n 1) = ( p ) = p Ck ( ) k . 2p 2 k =0 Hence, we obtain from (19) and (20) that
n (n 1) = p
(19)
(20)
k =0
[1 (1) k ]Ck (
1 k ) = 2 p 2p
k =0
C2k +1 ( 2 p ) 2k +1 .
k = 0,1,...
(21)
( 1)( 2)...( 2k )
(2k + 1)!
if 1 < < 2 ,
>0
if 0 < < 1 ,
(22)
k = 1,2,...
(23)
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- if 0 < < 1 , it follows from (21), (22) that 1 1 1 n (n 1) > 2 p C = p 1 = (n ) 1 . 2p 2 - if 1 < < 2 , we have also from (21), (23) that 1 1 = (n ) 1 . 2p 2 This completes the proof of Lemma 3 .
1 n (n 1) < 2 p C
(24)
(25)
Proof of Theorem 1. We prove the theorem by the method of indeterminate coefficients. Consider b1 , b2 ,... being the positive indeterminate coefficients. Put
t t t b1 + b2 + ... + bn n Applying the Lemma 1, we obtain
1 1 k n = n bk
where t =
r 1 r
(26)
r r r a1 + a 2 + ... + a n n n =1 N
(27)
where
t . Cn = We shall prove that, for the chosen appropriate coefficients bn , n = 1,2,... , we have
n m m=n N
1 = bn
t t t 1 b1 + b2 + ... + bm m m=n m N
(28)
Cn C , where C is a constant only depending on r ( independing of n , N , a n , n = 1,2,... ). First, let > 0 such that r . (29) 1 t > 0 , t = 1 r Choosing
bm = m1 t (m 1)1 t
, m = 1,2,...
(30)
Cn =
(n
1
1 t 1 t
m=n
m1+
1
(31)
m=n
m1+
<
m=n
[(m 2 ) (m + 2 ) ]
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(32)
1
(n
(n 1)
1 t
1 (n ) 2
1 n (n 1) = (n 1 ) 1 2
(33)
1 r 1 1 = , then we have < 0 and r t t 0 < = 1 t < 1 . Using the Lemma 3 (i) , we deduce from (33) that 1 Cn < G ( , r ) . (34) 1
1 1 r 1 , then we have > 0 and = t r t 1 < = 1 t < 2 . Using again the Lemma 3 (ii) we also obtain the same inequality (34) from (33). 1 r Now, we shall choose 0 , 0 < 0 < such that r G ( , r ) G ( 0 , r ) for all (0, Consider the function
g ( ) = 1 G ( , r )
1
1 r ). r
1 t
(35)
1 r . r
= (1 t )
(36)
(37)
, [0,
1 r ]. r
(38)
(39)
1 r .We obtain r
(40)
C n C (r ) =
inf
0< <
1 r r
G ( , r )
REFERENCES
[1] G.H.Hardy, J.E.Littlewood, G.Polya, Inequalities, Cambridge Univ.Press, London, 1952. [2] Yang Bicheng, L.Debnath , Some inequalities involving the constant e and an application to Carlemans inequality, J.Math.Anal.Appl.223 (1998), 347-353. [3] Yan Ping ,Sun Guozheng , A strengthened Carlemans inequality, J.Math.Anal.Appl. 240 (1999), 290-293.
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