AS/NZS 4270.

4:1998
FIPS PUB 173-1B —1994

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Geographic information systems—

Spatial data transfer standard

Part 4: Topological vector profile

[FIPS PUB title: Spatial data transfer standard, Part 4: Topological
vector profile]
 AS/NZS 4270.4:1998

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical

Committee IT/4, Geographic Information. It was approved on behalf of the Council
of Standards Australia on 20 March 1998 and on behalf of the Council of Standards
New Zealand on 27 February 1998. It was published on 5 June 1998.

The following interests are represented on Committee IT/4:

Association of Aerial Surveyors, Australia
Association of Crown Research Institutes, New Zealand
Australasian Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
Australia New Zealand Land Information Council
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Australian Geological Survey Organization
Australian Key Centre in Land Information Studies
Australian Map Circle
Australian Survey and Land Information Group (AUSLIG)
Commonwealth Spatial Data Committee
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CSIRO, Division of Mathematical and Information Sciences

Department of Conservation, New Zealand
Department of Defence, Australia
Department of Environment and Land Management, Tas.
Department of Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, S.A.
Department of Land and Water Conservation, N.S.W.
Department of Lands Planning and Environment, N.T.
Department of Natural Resources, Qld.
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Institution of Surveyors, Australia
Land Information New Zealand
Land Victoria
Local Government New Zealand
Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Association of Australasia
Telecom New Zealand
Telstra Corporation, Australia
Valuation New Zealand
Western Australian Land Information Systems Council

Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard:

Australasian Spatial Data Exchange Centre (Ausdec)
AUSTROADS
Computer Consultants
Department for Administrative and Information Services, S.A.
Local Government
Office of Information Technology, N.S.W.
Terralink New Zealand

Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue
of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users
ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards
Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information is
supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘Standards
New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of new
publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 97392.

 AS/NZS 4270.4:1998

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

This is a free 11 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Geographic information systems—

Spatial data transfer standard

Part 4: Topological vector profile

First published as AS/NZS 4270.4:1998.

Published jointly by:

Standards Australia
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

Standards New Zealand

Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 1938 4
 ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee
IT/4, Geographical Information Systems.
This Standard is technically equivalent to and reproduced from FIPS PUB 173-1B, Spatial data
transfer standard, Part 4: Topological Vector Profile, a US Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) publication.
The objective of this Standard is to provide users of geographical information systems with a
uniform format for the transfer of information.
FIPS PUB 173-1B is Part 4 of FIPS PUB 173. The Topological Vector Profile, TVP, is a limited
subset of the Spatial data transfer standard (SDTS) specifications for the transfer of vector data. It
also specifies several changes and clarifications to Parts 1 and 3 of SDTS as follows:
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(a) Many-to-many and many-to-one relationships between spatial objects and attributes are
permitted (Clause 5.3).
(b) Composite objects which do not contain component objects are permitted (Clause 5.4).
(c) The Entity Authority and Attribute Authority subfields in the Data Dictionary/Schema module
may contain a maximum of 8 characters; if Part 2 of the SDTS is the source of a definition
the subfield is required to contain ‘SDTS-USA’. A provision for standard feature registers of
other countries has been added (Clause 5.13). (Refer also Appendix AA).
(d) The Attribute Authority subfield in the Data Dictionary/Domain and Data
Dictionary/Definition modules may have a maximum length of 8 characters (Clauses 5.13
and 5.14).
(e) The External Spatial Reference subfield in the Conformance field in the identification module
must have a null value meaning ‘undefined, not relevant’ when used in a transfer containing
only a master data dictionary; it is acceptable to specify this by omitting this subfield
(Clause A.2.2).
(f) In the Point-Node module, the Attribute ID field is not mandatory for objects ‘NE’ and ‘NL’
(Clause 5.5.4).
(g) In the Line module, Annex D allows the simultaneous use of both the Chain Component ID
and Spatial Address subfields (Clause D.6.2).
(h) The ISO 8211 tag for the Primary Field of the Arc module is ARCC (Clause D.7.2).
SDTS supports the transfer of vector data with geometry and topology, raster data, graphic
representation modules, and geometry-only vector data. The SDTS Topological Vector Profile
supports only geographic vector data with geometry and topology.
An SDTS application profile, not requiring the full functionality of SDTS, defines requirements for
a specific type of data and/or application. A SDTS profile simplifies the implementation of SDTS
while maximizing the probability of successful data interchanges between dissimilar computer
systems.
The Standard varies from FIPS PUB 173-1B as follows:
(i) In this Standard, Australian and New Zealand variations have been listed in Appendix AA
and, accordingly, the source text should be amended, supplemented or replaced as required.
The changes to the source text are indicated with a marginal bar against each clause, table,
figure or part thereof affected. Attention is drawn to the Preface of AS/NZS 4270.1 for other
background information.
 iii

(ii) References to specific American spatial reference systems have been retained in this Standard
to ensure compatibility with the U.S. Standard. Spatial reference systems common in Australia
and New Zealand, such as the Australian Map Grid, are catered for as versions of the
Universal Transverse Mercator grid system. Particular Australian State and Territory
coordinate systems, such as the Lambert Conformal Conic and Integrated Survey Grid
systems, are catered for specifically. Similarly, the New Zealand Map Grid, which is a
minimum error conformal projection, is also catered for specifically.
(iii) Reference to Part 2 of the FIPS PUB 173 Standard is included for compatibility with the U.S.
Standard. Users may replace Part 2 by specific Australian and New Zealand spatial feature
definition Standards.
The term ‘normative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to
which it applies. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard.
For the purpose of this Joint Standard, the references in the FIPS PUB 173-1B text to international
or other Standards should be replaced by references to the following Australian, New Zealand or
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Australian/New Zealand Standards:

Reference to international Standard or other Australian, New Zealand or
publication Australian/New Zealand Standard
ANSI AS
X3.122 Computer Graphics Metafile for 3603 (NZS/ISO 8632) Computer
the Storage and Transfer of graphics — Metafile for the storage
Picture Description Information and transfer of picture description
Part 3: Binary encoding information
3603.3 Part 3: Binary encoding

ANSI/ISO AS/NZS
8211 Information processing — 3654 Information technology —
Specification for Data Descriptive Specification for a data descriptive
File for Information Interchange file for information interchange

FIPS PUB
6-4 Counties and Equivalent Entities —
Codes

10-3 Counties, Dependencies, Areas of —

Special Sovereignty and their
Principal Administrative Division

173 Spatial Data Transfer Standard 4270 Geographic information

systems — Spatial data transfer
standard (all Parts)

ISO AS
3166 Codes for the representation of 2632 Codes for the representation of names
names of countries of countries

8211 Information technology — AS/NZS

Specification for a data 3654 Information technology —
descriptive file for information Specification for a data descriptive
interchange file for information interchange
 iv

ISO AS
8632-3 Information technology — 3603 (NZS/ISO 8632) Computer graphics —
Computer graphics — Metafile for the storage and transfer
Metafile for the storage and of picture description information
transfer of picture description 3603.3 Part 3: Binary encoding
information Part 3: Binary
encoding
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© Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software.
Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means
without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an
appropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to
the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.
Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the
Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs
are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard
is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial
contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.
 v

CONTENTS
Page
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Scope and Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Geographic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Vector Data with Planar Graph Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.3 Profile Annex Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Transfer Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.2 Encoder Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.3 Decoder Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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1.3 Changes to Parts 1 and 3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Spatial Data Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.1 Spatial Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Layers and (or) Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Spatial Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 Lineage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Positional Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 Logical Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Completeness and (or) Logical Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4 General Specification (The Transfer Model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9

4.1 Standard Module Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9
4.2 Order of Records, Fields, and Subfields within Modules . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 Coordinate Frame of Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 Spatial Address (Coordinate) Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4.1 External Spatial Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4.2 Internal Representation of Spatial Addresses . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4.3 Restrictions on X and Y Subfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5 Null (and Like) Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.6 Attribute Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.7 Relationships Between Modules and 2-D Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.8 Multi-valued Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.9 Attributing Feature Objects with Entity Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5 Transfer Module Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5.1 Global Information Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2 Data Quality Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3 Attribute Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.4 Composite Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
 vi

Page

5.5 Vector Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.5.1 Topological Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.5.2 Universe Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5.3 Void Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5.4 Attribute Primary References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5.5 Number of Object Types Within a Single Module . . . . . . 19
5.5.6 Use of “NP” Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5.7 Label Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.6 Raster Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.7 Graphic Representation Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.8 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Identification Module . . . . . . . . 20
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5.8.1 External Spatial Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.8.2 Profile Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.8.3 Feature Level Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.8.4 Global Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.9 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Internal Spatial Reference . . . . . 21
5.10 Module Restrictions/Requirements: External Spatial Reference . . . 21
5.11 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Catalog/Spatial Domain . . . . . 21
5.12 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Catalog/Directory . . . . . . . . . 22
5.13 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Data Dictionary/Schema . . . . 22
5.14 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Data Dictionary/Domain . . . . 22
5.15 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Data Dictionary/Definition . . . 22

6 ISO 8211 Specific Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6.1 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2 Relationship of Modules to ISO 8211 Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.4 Organization of Files on Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.5 File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.6 Taking Advantage of Dropped Leader and Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.7 ISO 8211 DDR Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.8 Use of Binary Data Type for Spatial Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.9 Use of Character Data Type for Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.10 README File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

A: The Data Dictionary Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.2 Requirements for Master Data Dictionary Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.2.1 Required Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.2.2 Required Contents Per Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.2.3 Version Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.2.4 Module Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
A.2.5 File Restrictions and Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . 30
 vii

Page

A.2.6 Requirements for Transfer Using a Master Data

Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.2.7 Creating a Complete Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

B: Encoding Multi-valued Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

C: An Example of Attributing Feature Objects with Entity Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

D: Arc Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
D.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
D.2 Spatial Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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D.3 Relationship Between Modules and 2-D Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

D.4 Transfer Module Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
D.5 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Identification Module . . . . . . . . 38
D.6 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Line Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
D.6.1 Chain Component ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
D.6.2 Spatial Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
D.6.3 Object Representation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
D.7 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Arc Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
D.7.1 Object Representation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
D.7.2 ISO 8211 Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

E: Ring Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
E.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
E.2 Spatial Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
E.3 Relationship Between Modules and 2-D Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
E.4 Transfer Module Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
E.5 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Identification Module . . . . . . . . 41
E.6 Topological Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

F: Graphic Representation Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

F.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
F.2 Spatial Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
F.3 Transfer Module Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
F.4 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Identification Module . . . . . . . . 42
F.5 Module Restrictions/Requirements: Catalog/Cross Reference
Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 42

APPENDIX AA
VARIATIONS TO FIPS PUB 173-1B FOR AUSTRALIA AND
NEW ZEALAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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viii

NOTES
 1

AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARD

Geographic information systems—Spatial data transfer standard

Part 4:
Topological vector profile

1 Introduction
An SDTS profile, in general terms, is defined as a limited subset of the Spatial Data Transfer
Standard, designed for use with a specific type of data. Specific choices are made for
encoding possibilities not addressed, left optional, or left with numerous choices within
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Parts 1, 2, and 3 of SDTS.

An SDTS profile shall provide for the transfer of files, records, fields and subfields with the
following objectives:

(a) to encode in a standard format;

(b) to provide for machine and media independence;

(c) to accompany the data with their description;

(d) to preserve all meaning and relationships of the data; and

(e) to keep both fields and records to an appropriate maximum length.

1.1 Scope and Definition

Part 4, the Topological Vector Profile (TVP), contains specifications for an SDTS profile for
use with geographic vector data with planar graph topology.

1.1.1 Geographic Data

By “geographic” we mean data that describe “real-world” features, rather than a symbolized
map graphic. The data may be derived from a cartographic product (map), but the purpose of
the data is not to convey the map graphic, but rather information about the geographic
features displayed on the map.

1.1.2 Vector Data with Planar Graph Topology

The data are represented by vector objects which comprise, or are integrated with, one or
more 2-D manifolds (see Part 1 definition 2.3.4.5.2). Excluded are raster data, geometry-only
vector data, planar graphs which do not have GT-polygons, and non-planar graph-based
network data. These types of data may be accommodated either by other profiles, or future
extensions to this profile.

Part 4 is organized using the same major headings found in Part 1. Specific discussions
regarding encoding possibilities in Part 1 are grouped under each major heading and will
include specific references to Parts 1, 2, or 3 where necessary for clarification.

COPYRIGHT
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AS/NZS 4270.4:1998, Geographic information

systems - Spatial data transfer standard
Topological vector profile
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