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Procedia Engineering 12 (2011) 127132

2011 SREE Conference on Engineering Modelling and Simulation

An Improved Simulation Model of Shear Wall Structures of Tall Building

Bowang Chena, Jianguo Tanb, Yang Oyangc ,a*
b,c

Civil Engineering College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000,China Civil Engineering College, Hunan Science and Technology University, Xiangtan, 411200, China

Abstract

To simulate shear wall of tall building structures, some kinds of calculation methods towards MultiVertical-Line-Element Model are discussed in detail. A more reasonable element stiffness matrix and a improved Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model are given. Combined with hysteretic axial model and hysteretic shear model, nonlinear analysis of a shear wall is put through. The calculation result indicates that the improved model has relatively well accuracy compared with test result. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Society for Resources, Environment and Engineering
Keywords: shear wall; Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model; nonlinear; simulation

Preface The nonlinear analysis element model of reinforced concrete wall can be divided into two types: one is based on solid mechanics microscopic model, the other is macroscopic model with one component as a unit. With the development of computer science , the microscopic method shows its more and more powerful vitality , the analytic range of this method has been developed from structural component to simple structure , and even to earthquake response of three-dimensional structure under reciprocity relationship between bars of the concrete under complex stress state are still in research stage presently , and moreover to analyse the earthquake response of complex structural system is a gigantic numerical

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 13507376273; fax: +86-737-4628773. E-mail address: tmcbw@163.com.

18777058 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.05.021

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work , so this method is limited to do research on structural component or local structure as well as parameter study and the computer analog towards experiment . The macroscopic method is to put a wall limb as a unit by simplification, the unit constitutive relation can be worked out in testing or analytics calculation ways. At present, it is a main serviceable tool of nonlinear earthquake analysis of real complex structure. For nonlinear analytic macroscopic model of reinforced concrete walls , the development of MultiVertical-Line-Element Model (Fig.1) is based on homeostatic beam model and Three-Vertical-LineElement Model . This model can consider the influence of the movement of wall sections neutral axis and wall axial force on its anti-bending property, solving the compatibility of deformation problem of fringe columns and walls and boards, only needs assured tensile-pressurized and shear hysterias discipline, avoiding the difficulty when using flexural springs to decide flexural hysterias property, so it is an idealized macroscopic model. Now, the main difference about element stiffness matrix of Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model lies in the difference of considering shear deformations magnitude. This text separates shear deformation from none pure bending deformation, only considering the shear deformation to participate in, reflecting the interaction of bending deformation and shear deformation to a certain degree. At last, utilizing existing reinforced concrete tensile-pressurized hysterias model and shear hysterias model to do nonlinear analysis on shear wall. 1. Derive the stiffness of Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model Suppose the displacement of wall element ends is {d } = { ui , vi ,i , u j , v j , j } among the expression the ui , vi , i separately expresses i-ends horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and intersection angle of centered axis, the rest three symbols corresponding to j-ends displacements. The rod ends force T vector {F } corresponding to displacement vectors, its positive direction shows in Fig.1.
T

vj uj
j

K1 h

K2 A
rh

Ks

Kn-1

Kn

b/2

b/2

vi ui
i

Fig.1 Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model

Based on small deformation assume, sin i = i , sin j = j , the vertical bars i-ends and j-ends horizontal unisonous displacements can be worked out by Diagrammatic Multiplication Method, it includes rigid body displacement and pure bending deformation:

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1 2 (1) The moment figure of pure bending deformation corresponding to Part. 1 of Fig.2. According to Fig.3, on shear deformation and none pure bending deformation accounts thereby to cause relative displacement is: 1 u = u j ui u x = u j ui h(i + j ) (2) 2 The moment figure of none pure bending deformation corresponding to Part.1 of Fig.2, the shear deformation and none pure bending deformation separately expresses: 1 12 EI w u = (3) u1 = u u 2 = 1+ GAw h 2 1+

u = u j ui u x = u j ui h(i + j )

Wherein, acts no uniformity coefficient of shear stress distribution, for rectangular section =1.2 Similarly, based on Small Deformation Assume, cos i = 1 , cos j = 1 , the axial deformation of the m bar expresses: vm = (i j ) m + v j vi (4)

Wherein, m is the horizontal distance between the m vertical bar and centered axes of cross section, on dextral of the centered axes is positive, and leftward is negative. T Accords element a virtual displacement {d } = {ui , vi , i , u j , v j , j } , in that way the power of the external force did in virtual displacement direction is: T (5) W = { d * } {F} The power of the internal force did in virtual deformation acts:
n K s u u * + kvm vm vm (6) 1+ m =1 m =1 Wherein, Ks is the shear stiffness of the section, k vm is the axial stiffness of the m bar, n acts the number of bars. According to Principle of Virtual Work, we can get the expression: n {d * }T {F } = K s u u * + K vm vm vm (7) 1+ m =1 Substitute 2 4 to 7 , after clearing up , we can get: h h Ks Ks Ks Ks 0 0 2 2 ex K0 K0 ex K0 K0 0

U = K s u1 u * +

kvm vm vm =

[ Ke ] =

K33

h Ks ex K0 2 Ks 0 K0

K36 h Ks 2 ex K0 K66
(8)

ymmetry

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Wherein, K s =

GA 1+ h

K0 =

kvm
m =1

ex =

kvm
m =1

m / K0

K 33 = K 66 =

n h2 K s + kvm 4 m =1

2 m

n h2 K s kvm 2 m 4 m =1 Among them, K 0 ex separately expresses physical meaning of axial stiffness and eccentric distance of Multi-Vertical-Line-Element. When eccentric distance is zero, the stiffness matrix is changed into classical beams stiffness matrix. So, we can get the conclusion that the essential distinction between Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model and homeostatic beam model is the considering of neutral axes movement.

K 36 =

Fig.2 Distribution of wall moment patterns

0.5h

0.5h

u1

u2

Fig.3 Distribution of shear and flexural deformations

2. Calculation example analysis

Now set the example, the low-frequency and repeating loads test B2 of shear wall with side columns, which is introduced in document [7], the concentrated loads act on roof slab. This thesis adopted MultiVertical-Line-Element Model which is above-mentioned to analysis, choosing ten units along the height, each unit has the Vertical-Line-Element of ten. Test and results are shown as Fig.4.

800 600 400

800 600 400

Load/KN

0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120

Load/kN

200

200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120

Displacement/mm
( a ) Experimental value

Displacement/mm
( b ) Restriction point to 0.4Fcy and none stiffness degradation

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131

800 600 400 800 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -600

Load/KN
/

200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -120 -80 -40 0

Value of calculation
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80

Value of calculation
40 80 120

-800

Displacement/mm
( c )Considered stiffness degradation

Displacement/mm
( d ) None stiffness degradation and strength degradation

800
800 600 400

600 400

Load/KN

200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120

Load/KN

200 0 -200 -400 -600

Test Calculation
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120

Value of calculation

-800

Displacement/mm
( e) Restriction point to 0.8Fcy none strength degradation

Displacement/mm
( f ) Comparison of cal. and test

Fig.4 Hysteric loops of test and calculation

In contrast to hysteric loops of test and calculation, we can know that: the calculated yield load is close to value of test, but calculated yield displacement is less than normal; calculated limited load and displacement is more than value of test; Generally speaking, calculation and value of test are in well goodness of fit, in variety of axial hysterics relations, restriction point to 0.8Fsy, the calculation that considered degradation of stiffness(Fig.4 (e)) is the closest to the value of test. In contrast to hysteric loops of test and calculation, we can know that: the calculated yield load is close to value of test, but calculated yield displacement is less than normal; calculated limited load and displacement is more than value of test; Generally speaking, calculation and value of test are in well

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goodness of fit, in variety of axial hysteric relations, restriction point to 0.8Fsy, the calculation that considered degradation of stiffness(Fig.4 (e)) is the closest to the value of test.
3. Conclusions

(1) This thesis revises the element stiffness matrix of Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model, disperses shearing-bending deformation into shearing deformation and none pure bending deformation, after the revision, the element stiffness matrix is more in accordance with the stress mechanism of shear wall. (2) This thesis put forward the Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model belongs to macroscopic element model, the account case demonstrated that the improved Multi-Vertical-Line-Element Model has the advantage of less calculated work, the value of calculation is well goodness of fit to testing result, to demonstrate that the method concerning in this thesis is available.
Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Science Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province (10A017).

References
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