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1. Dynamic Breaking: It is a form of regenerative breaking in which the breaking energy is dissipated in a auxiliary resistor instead of economically absorbed. 2. Regenerative Breaking: The thyristors are operated in such a way that the reverse power flow occurs from the motor to the supply. This allows quick reduction in the rpm of the motor and breaking operation is taken place. 3. Plugging Breaking: for plugging breaking, normally in the dc motors the direction of current is reversed hence the motor flux get reversed and tend to rotate the motor in acw direction and hence the motor rpm will reduce quickly. IN AC motors, the direction of ac can not be reversed hence the phase sequence is reversed by the inverter thyristors and hence reduce the rpm quickly. 4. PWM convertor ( ac-dc-ac) diode bridge rectifier(not thyristor) then IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor). Transistor is used hence only medium range voltage and current can be supplied. Used as VSD variable speed drive for induction motor. Since thyristor are not used hence signal can not be reversed and hence cannot be used in regenerative braking operation. 5. synchronous converter or static frequency convertor FREQUENCY OUTPUT(0.5-120Hz) (Contains rectifier and inverter thyristor bridges. Ac-dc-ac. Amount of Current is controlled by the rectifier thyristors and the frequency is controlled by the invertor thyristor bridge. This convertor is for synchronous motor variable speed drivesVSD . Switching Inverter thyristor bridge is also acting as Static commutator because it supply the ac to the armature of the motor from the dc input . 6. Cycloconvertor FREQUENCY OUTPUT (MAX 20Hz) less frequency output is due to the wave form produced by this convertor. This is used as VSD in synchronous motors. 7. What is azipods? Very large propulsion motors are being fitted within the rotating pods mounted outside to the ships hull. These ate generally refer to as the azipods. They can be rotated in 360 degree to apply thrust in any horizontal direction 8. What precautions you will take before entering battery room. a.Inform the bridge & the engine control room b.Check the oxygen content. c. Should be ventilated properly. d. All PPE to be donned properly & rubber hand gloves to be used. e. No Naked lamps to be taken inside 9. What is meaning of power factor. What is best value. What is normal value onboard. How do you improve? Power Factor :- The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1 The best value is 0.85. The normal value onboard varies in between 0.8 to 0.9. Power factor can be improved by connecting a Capacitor in parallel 10. Main switchboard safeties. a. Ebonite Rod. b. Rubber pad infront of switchboard. c. Dead-front type switchboard. d. 0.6 meter gap behind the switchboard. e. Fuse f. Circuit Breakers. g. Earth Fault indicators. h. Panel doors are earthed. i. No water, steam or oil pipelines to pass in its vicinity. j. Undervoltage Relay k. Reverse Power trip. l. Preferential trip. m. Overcurrent trip n. Arc Chute o. Short-circuit trip. p. CT and other instruments are earthed q. interlock provided so that when open the door the supply will automatically disconnected r. Fused isolators are provided.
11. Maintenance on Alternator? > Stop and lock prime mover and alternator. > Lock in tag out For help : praveengaurmeri2007@gmail.com [PRAVEEN GAUR] Page 1
13. How to test a fuse? -apart from multimeter 14. Which is the largest induction motor used onboard? Alternator
16. What do u mean by rotary convertor?what does it do!! ..... Rotary convertor is used to convert AC to DC. It is a mechanical convertor whose construction is almost same as the DC generator but its rotor consist of both commutator and slip rings. During normal operation, AC is injected through slip ring and the convertor is rotated like a synchronous motor, the part of AC current supply through slip ring is directly passed to the commutator and the current generated in rotor due to the rotation is also pass through the commutator so DC is the output. It can also change DC to AC by supplying DC through the commutator and AC output from the slip ring but in that case it is called reverse rotary convertor. AC and DC both can also be produced by acting it as a generator. It is used in the railway engines. 17. what do u mean by slip..why there is no slip in synchronous motor. 18. what is short ckt,how will u find which ckt is short cktd. Short circuit can be tested by comparing the continuity readings taken for all phases . If anyone reading is found to be smaller than other, means that winding is short-circuited. 19. what is earth fault...what is the a criteria to find a earth fault in a particular machinery 20. fuses hw many types, every type functioning 21. ampere rating of a wire Max current that a wire can carry continuous without increment in the rise in temp by 35 degree from 45 degree ambient temperature. i.e. the conductor temp should not rise above 80 if ambient temp is 45 degree. And if ambient temp rise the rating should decrease considerably. 22. hw to chk tht the cell is completely charged By checking the specific gravity(measure and add 0.007 per 10 degree rise in temp above 15 degree and subtract 0.007 at each 10 drop in temp below 15 degree celcius) and voltage(during on-load operation of battery. As V=E-Ir, at no load terminal voltage will be higher and false indication of voltage will be measured) 23. Synchronous motor: Bow thruster motor, governer motor(also can be dc motor because of high torque), radar, gyro, clear glass, propulsion motor, synchronous compensator. 24. ACB drawn out procedure : During switchboard maintenance or during the safety trips , the ACB is to be drawn out to test position or disconnect position. The procedure is simple and as follows: Ensure the acb is open and disconnected from the main busbar. Remove the locking nut and pull the release lever on both sides.
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45. maintenance of alternators, where to take air gap(6months routine for insulation testing and air gap) ,overhaul of induction motor,how to take alternator on load in dead busbar condition,causes of no voltage in stator while primemover running at its rated speed(voltmeter is faulty, voltage regulator knob is at zero setting, residual magnetism lost, avr terminal open circuit, avr faulty) and remedial action,specification of alternator,checking of emcy generator auto onload operation 46. how to synchronize without sync and lamp test?. if sync rotating anti clckwise then what thats mean? That means the incoming generator frequency is less than the busbar frequency. If now acb is close, the incoming generator will take power from bus bar to gain its speed and hence motoring will occur and the generator will trip on reverse power trip. 48. how to synchr and put on parallel? 49. what happened when we increased the governor knob on main swtc board? 50. what governor will do to alternator? 51. how frequency will increase? 52. what is semiconductors? 53. how many types are their? Two - Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. 54. tell me any 4 loads are by DC operators? Electronic circuits, battery charging and its supply( emergency lights, general alarms circuit, fire alarm circuits, ships whistle, day light signalling lamp), wardleonard control of dc motor used in deck machine and in electroplating. 55. can we start the motor in single phase? 56. what will be the effects? 57. where can we use semiconductors? Mukopadhyay 58. how alternator cooling is done, how will u come to know any abnormality in same? 59. what does the pointer in synchronoscope indicate(phase difference is zero at 12o clock, frequency is more or less can be seen by the cws or acw direction of the needle),lampdark system and its connections and disadvantages,what happens synchroscope is moving anticlockwise and u close the circuit breaker(Alternator will start taking power from the busbar and motoring of alternator will cause the reverse power trip to operate)? 60. why and how insulation testing is done how much should be its value for motors? if a motor shows a little lees value what should be done?minimum insulation value for motors is 1MOhms. (output voltage(volts) x 3 / output power(KW)+1000) 61. types of fuses ? Re-wirable, semi-enclosed, HRC fuses, 62.Humming noise of transformers(dadiyals question) Electric hum around transformers is caused by stray magnetic fields causing the enclosure and accessories or loose core to vibrate if the enclosure etc are not properly tightened up and loose. Hence a vibration and humming noise is heared.
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electrical... 63. what all indication lamps are provided on the emergency switchboard? Source lamp MSB Bustie acb open/close Emergency generator acb open/close e.gen run E/G Auto St-by lamp Voltage indicator Frequency indicator Rpm indicator EG WILL BE CUTOUT AUTOMATICALLY WHEN THE MSB POWER IS RESTORED. If the MSB is restored to the normal voltage while E/G is in operation, the E/G ACB trip signal will be automatically sent to E/G ACB to trip. The bus-tie breaker on the E/G panel will be closed in instant, resulting in feeding from the MSB to ESB.
64. what is over current trip. 150%full load (20sec timer) for generator and 105%full load(not less then 2hr timer) for motors. 65. what is preferential trip To cutout the non-essential load in case of overloading to prevent full power cutout. 110% full load(instantaneous trip) rkd/mukherjee66. e/r crane safeties and maintenance E/R crane motor is a induction motor with speed control from thyristor control method. Safety features in e/r crane : - Electromagnetic fail safe brake (which do not allow the crane to fall with the load even when there is a failure) - Emergency stop - Distance limit switches in both transverse and longitudinal direction. - Mechanical stoppers are also provided in both transverse and longitudinal direction. - Automatic stopper for up-down travel of the hook to prevent the motor overloading. - Thermistor trip for motor winding. Overload and short-circuit trip . No voltage trip. - load limit switch- trip motor Maintenance: Motor must be isolated from the supply. Insulation check of the motor. Cable should be checked for any damage. If damage found then replace it. Grease up the cables and the sprockets. Check the operation of the limit switches and the functioning of other trips and safeties. Check the operation of the electro magnetic fail safe break during on load test. 68. which motor onboard does not have overload trip then what does it have... Steering gear motor does not have overload trip. It generally provided with shortcircuit trip only and overload and single phasing alarm are provided. If overcurrent trip is provided, it should not be less than 200% of the full load current. Also the under voltage trip and no voltage protection is also not provided. If the ship is having earthed neutral system then the steering gear motor is supplied through a star-delta transformer and the motor is connected in the delta side to prevent tripping of the motor supply during earth fault. 69. What are the safeties in windlass? mechanical brake, slipping clutch ,if hyd driven l.o.low pr trip.l.o.high temp trip.....if elect driven short circuit, over load protection, single phasing.
70. what is diff. between switch and starter? Starter controls the starting voltage and the current and hence reduce the voltage drop. It is provided with the safety trips. starter s only for starting purpose , after came up to rotor speed then only line voltage s applied to the stator....the only purpose is to reduce the starting voltage...... switch s continuously supply the line voltage if it s come into operation....that is make or break the circuit.. both r used fr d same purpose..but the only diff z dat a starter z equiped wid safety devices like fuses or relay or thermal switches etc.. but a switch z not...dnt confuse wid D.O.L starting system..it z also same like switch but hv safety devices..
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Rkd/ mukopadhyay 73. other than msb where else earth fault can be detected Local terminal, by insulation resistance meter. 74. uv trip working? Its function is to trip the breaker when a severe voltage dip occur (around 50 %). It is achieved by lifting the mechanical latch (which keeps the contacts closed) to allow the trip spring to function, this opens the breaking contacts. Its function is also to prevent closing the contacts while generator voltage is very low or absent. Also provide backup protection to short circuit protection.
75. use of all p+i+d Where the rate of change of error is slow ( like in jcw control, sensor is in middle of tank and steam coil is in the bottom, o whatever the sensor is reading(say 62 C) will increase slowly after, as the actual temp at the bottom near steam coil is 72 o C. Rate of change of error is very slow, here the derivate came in action. C(t) = Kp.E(t) + Kp/Ti . int(E(t). dt + Kp.Td dE/dt
Func 4: r k das and mukherjee 75. During paralleling two generators hw do u adjust speed from ecr to fuel injector explain wt s happening ??? mechanism?? There is synchronous motor/dc motor mounted on governor .from ecr we adjust current signal to increase its speed. Synchronous motor pull the governor shaft against spring force.
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