Professional Documents
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HB 2122002
HB 2122002
AsiaPacific Region
by
John Holmes
HB 2122002
PREFACE
The majority of this Handbook was prepared by JDH Consulting for Standards
Australia. The document is intended for use by all persons engaged in the structural
design of buildings and other structures where wind loads are to be considered.
In preparing this document the aim has been to provide a consistent set of wind
speeds for a large portion of the earth so that wind speeds can be compared and a
single loading code used over a wide area. The wind speeds in this Handbook are
presented in the spirit of scientific investigation and are not intended in any way to
substitute for the requirements of any authorities. The authors regard this Handbook
as a living document subject to review and any new information leading to revision
would be gratefully accepted.
Using the wind speeds in this Handbook together with the AS/NZS 1170 series of
loading Standards (particularly AS/NZS 1170.0: Structural design actionsGeneral
principles and AS/NZS 1170.2: Wind actionssee Chapter 4), should enable
designs for different countries across the region to be directly compared. For
example, a design performed for a building in Singapore can be directly compared
with one in Melbourne.
Standards Australia would like to request that any information that may be used to
update the maps in this Handbook be sent to our Sydney address.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Helpful advice was received from members of the international wind design
community, especially the APEC Informal Loading Network, from members of the
Standards Committee BD-006 General Design Requirements and Loading on
Structures and from others who were consulted during the preparation of this
Handbook.
COPYRIGHT
Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
Published on 11 December 2002.
ISBN 0 7337 4817 1
HB 2122002
CONTENTS
Page
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 5
1.2 EXTREME WINDS IN THE REGION .......................................................................... 6
Chapter 2
Chapter
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3
WIND SPEED VERSUS RETURN PERIOD
LEVEL I (equatorial regionsstrong thunderstorms and monsoon winds)................... 9
LEVEL II (moderately severe thunderstorms and extra-tropical gales)......................... 9
LEVEL III (severe thunderstorms and moderate or weakening typhoons/tropical
cyclones)...................................................................................................................... 9
LEVEL IV (strong typhoons/tropical cyclones) ............................................................. 9
LEVEL V (very strong typhoons/tropical cyclones)..................................................... 10
SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 10
Chapter 4
Chapter
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
A
B
C
D
E
5
WIND SPEEDS FOR SPECIFIC REGIONS
GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 13
AUSTRALIA AND AUSTRALIAN TERRITORIES....................................................... 13
NEW ZEALAND ......................................................................................................... 16
MELANESIA, MICRONESIA AND POLYNESIA ........................................................ 18
EQUATORIAL SOUTH-EAST ASIAN ARCHIPELAGO .............................................. 20
PHILIPPINES ............................................................................................................. 22
INDOCHINA ............................................................................................................... 24
THAILAND ................................................................................................................. 26
MYANMAR................................................................................................................. 26
CHINA REGION......................................................................................................... 27
JAPAN ....................................................................................................................... 30
KOREA ...................................................................................................................... 32
SRI LANKA ................................................................................................................ 33
INDIA ......................................................................................................................... 34
APPENDICES
EXTREME WIND ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 36
BASIC STRONG WIND TYPES ................................................................................. 40
WIND LOADING CODES AND STANDARDS............................................................ 43
ANALYSIS OF WIND SPEEDS FOR LEVEL I AND HONG KONG ............................ 45
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................... 47
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