SAA/SNZ HB86.

2:1998

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Handbook
A GUIDE TO THE SELECTION, CARE, CALIBRATION AND CHECKING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS IN INDUSTRY PART 2: SIMPLE LENGTH AND ANGLE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

A GUIDE TO
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THE SELECTION, CARE, CALIBRATION AND CHECKING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS IN INDUSTRY PART 2 : SIMPLE LENGTH AND ANGLE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

First published as SAA/SNZ HB86.2:1998.

Published jointly by: Standards Australia 1 The Crescent, Homebush NSW 2140 Australia Standards New Zealand Radio New Zealand House, 155 The Terrace, Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 2206 7

SAA/SNZ HB86.2:1998

PREFACE
The Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee QR/9 on Quality Management Measurement and Test Equipment has prepared this Handbook as Part 2 of a series to assist organizations which require advice about setting up assurance programs for control of simple length and angle measuring equipment as part of a quality system; quality systems auditors who need to assess the compliance of organizations with the AS/NZS ISO 9000 clauses covering the control of inspection, testing and measuring equipment.
NOTE: ISO stands for the International Organization for Standardization.
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This Handbook sets out the requirements for simple linear and angle measuring devices. It should be read in conjunction with Part 1 (SAA/SNZ HB86.1) which sets out general principles involved in managing measuring equipment. This Handbook contains statements which reflect the experience of Committee members and the many measurement practitioners who have provided the Committee with advice. However the document is not prescriptive and users need to interpret the suggestions in a manner appropriate to the particular quality systems or measurement systems which are being implemented in their organizations.

Copyright

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Australian requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand. Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.

SAA/SNZ HB86.2:1998

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Nature of the measurements to be made . . . . . . 2.2 Tolerances applying to the workpiece . . . . . . . . 2.3 The material and quality of the workpiece . . . . . 2.4 Competence of persons making the measurement 2.5 Temperature influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Wear and corrosion of the measuring instrument 2.7 Calibration, traceability and checking . . . . . . . . 2.7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.3 Traceability of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.4 Need for traceability of measurement . . . . . 2.7.5 Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Calibration and checking records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 13

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3 SPECIFIC INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.1 MEASURING TAPES AND RULES 3.1.1 Steel tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Steel rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Retractable steel pocket rules . ... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16 20 24

3.2 END STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.2.1 Gauge blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.3 END MEASURING INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Vernier, dial and electronic callipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 Micrometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 Electronic displacement indicators, dial gauges and dial 3.3.4 Vernier and electronic height gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... test ... ........ ........ ........ indicators ........ . . . . . . . . . . 29 29 31 34 37

3.4 ANGLE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4.1 Engineers squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4.2 Bevel protractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.5 LIMIT GAUGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.5.1 Plain limit gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.5.2 Screw thread gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.6 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.6.1 Surface plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4 REFERENCE ARTEFACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 APPENDICES A COMMON TYPES OF DAMAGE OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH VARIOUS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

. . . . . . . . . 51

B REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

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HB 86.2:1998, A guide to the selection, care, calibration and checking of measuring instruments in industry Simple length and angle measuring instruments

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