Eulerian multiphase and boiling flows in STAR-CCM+ Simon Lo

Contents
Validation of the Eulerian multiphase (EMP) model
Solid-liquid stirred vessel

Interphase mass transfer of chemical species Granular flow model Chemical reaction models Boiling model

Solid-liquid stirred vessel

Solid-liquid system 1ft tank D=H, flat base single 6blade PBT d=0.5T C/H=0.25, 4 baffles

Liquid: Water-salt solution rl=1150 kg/m3 m=4.5e-3 Pas

Solid: Glass particles dp=3.075 mm rp=2485 kg/m3

H g

d r

h D Measurement line for velocities at h/H=0.2

Comparison of vertical solid concentration

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

Experimental
STAR-CCM+ Star-CCM+

h/H

0.5 0.4
0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

C/<C>

Comparison of liquid velocities

Liquid Velocities
0.5

0.4
0.3 0.2

Uz Experimental Uz Star-CCM+ STAR-CCM+ Ur Experimental Ur Star-CCM+ STAR-CCM+ Utheta Experimental STAR-CCM+

U/Utip

0.1 0

-0.1

-0.2
-0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0 0.5 1

r/R

Comparison of solids velocities

Solids Velocities
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
Uz Experimental STAR-CCM+ Uz Star-CCM+
Ur Experimental Ur Star-CCM+ STAR-CCM+ Utheta Experimental STAR-CCM+

U/Utip

-0.1 -0.2

-0.3 -0.4 -0.5

0.5 r/R

Interphase transfer of chemical species in STAR-CCM+ v7.02

Allow chemical species transfer between phases: gas dissolving into liquid, gas release from liquid.
Aimed for chemical, process, oil & gas, water, food,... Applications: bubble columns in chemical process, aeration tanks in water treatment, gas release in oil & gas risers, aeration in bio-reactors,...

Oxygen transfer in aeration tank in water treatment

Volume fraction of air
Water

Oxygen in air

Air injector

Oxygen in water

Oxygen level at water surface and exit

Granular flow model in STAR-CCM+ v7.04

Kinetic theory model for granular flows. Particle-particle collisions represented by a granular temperature equation derived from kinetic theory.

Suitable for dense particle flows such as fluidised beds. Aimed for chemical, process, oil & gas, water, food, cement, mineral, pharmaceutical, agricultural, ...
Applications: fluidised bed reactors, sand and slurry transports, solid handling,...

Fluidised bed

Case boundary conditions

Bottom inlet (only Gas Phase):

Mass Fraction: [Gas Oil, Steam] = [0.81, 0.19] Velocity: 15.05m/s Temperature: 600K

Side inlet [Steam , Catalyst particle]:

Volume Fraction: [0.9045, 0.0955] Velocity: 1.8625 m/s Temperature: 900K

11

Reacting multiphase flows

V7.04 Eddy breakup & DARS-CFD reaction models working with EMP V7.06 enabling more reaction models

FCC example: Three reactions

Gas Oil -> Gasoline Gas Oil -> Coke Gas Oil -> Light Gases

Gas Oil

Gasoline

Catalyst + Steam

Gas Oil + Steam

Gasoline, light gases, coke

Boiling model in v6.06

Aimed for the nuclear power industry. Consider boiling steam/water flow. Applications: nuclear reactors.

Wall heat transfer

Total wall heat flux is therefore made up by three components:

qT qc qq qe
Convective Quenching heating Evaporation

qc

qq

qe

14

PSBT International benchmark Case 1 Victor Petrov (Michigan)

PSBT 5x5 bundle

Spacer with mixing vanes

Simple spacer

Spacer without mixing vanes

All rods and spacers in bundle are modelled

Boiling flow in PSBT 5x5 bundle

Boiling flow in PSBT 5x5 bundle

Boiling flow in PSBT 5x5 bundle

CHT-Boiling model in STAR-CCM+ v7.04

Boiling on wall producing steam vapour flow in channel Heat conducting wall (temperature not
shown)

Solid temperature (Uniform heat source in solid)

Flow

Summary
We will continue to validate the Eulerian multiphase (EMP) model against industrial applications

We will continue to develop new capabilities in STAR-CCM+

Chemical reaction model (v7.04) More turbulence model options (v7.04) Multi-particle phases granular model (v7.06) Coupling with liquid film model (v7.06) Non-Newtonian model (v7.06)

We will continue to improve user experience of the models

Robustness of models Clear model description in user manual, tutorial examples