File 4

Dedicated
to
my beloved Mother
=O^=@
\ sH [~ q^~ $^ ~H Ja#O^#. Q2 #`#
sH q^#O q[ ^# HHO ZH#q (~ 3) J<k JOîH è#^.
Q2~ 3 ZH#g H< 1 WO_ < ZH#qH KOk#k HQ, H< 2
Z..ZH#qH O|OkOz#k. #`# sH q^#O x~OK ~ O_= Q2
H=_O = 2008 [iy# Q2 ZH#q ~ (~ III)# ije
~o UqÔ Q L#n? J=Q# K H=K.
x*xH Q2 ~ 3 H< 1H KOk# WO_ < ZH#q | "Ò
q sx ZH<qH P# ~x |# ukHQ fHx
~OkOK_O [iyOk (6 x@ fH=_O [iyOk). ZH#q Ò
O~ J=Q# ~"O> =# Q P^~: 2008 Group II ZH#q ~ x
ij#. q s ZH<qH P# ~ O|OkOz# Q` `
ij# W\ =~ P# sH q^#O Z...Z.. "~ x~Oz#
ZH#qH P# ~ x ij#.
q^~ J=Q#H q ZH<qH P# ~ 15 O=`~
`x , Z...Z.. "~ x~Oz# qq^ sH O|OkOz
=~ 15 ZH<qH P# `x (2005 Q2, 2000
Q2, Q l>_, << Q l>_ "^# q) q^~ H~~O W=_O [iyOk.
=YOQ =}H H P^~OQ XHH x\ =MO, X< =~
P#~ a\OH, q^~ H H =iHx H a@ W=_O [iyOk. ~ 3H
g~ Kk" =}H H `@ D "\i _ O~O Q ^^_ Q ^x,
g q[xH =~O KQ ^x Pt. ....
g
z~Orq
ECONOMY
^=O OHOQ ` qÒ

1.
Group-II 2008 ~

(D x\ ) 04
2. "_ ~ (with Explanations) ............................ 09

3. =MO
Z) ^=O=#H=<~"QO ................. 16
a) O =i ~u $+ .............................. 25
) ^~~ x~O ........................................... 46
_) ^"}OH~}x"~} K~ ..................... 52
W) |_\ Q HO^ |_\ 201112 ................. 62
Z) # =i <`~ ~_........................ 74
l) W`~ JO 13= PiH OO ~.......... 76
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
z~Orq
H ~O\ ......................................................................80
=Y"# O=`~ ....................................................83
One word Questions ............................................... 84
Z...Z.. Q` ` x (172) ..........128

..Z.. Q` ` x (102) ..........143
x=i\ Q` ` x (126) ............157
H (319).......................................................166
3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
(APPSC Group-II) 2008

PAPER III ECONOMY
^=O OHOQ, ` qÒ J_y#
1. i[~ O P WO_ XH\ ` Jx H~h <@# *s KOk.
1. 500 ~ <@ 2. 100 ~ <@ 3. 10 ~II <@ 4. 1 ~~ <@
[. 4
q=~} :
1934 OII ~` i[~O K@O
H~O H~ h <@# =kOK Q`k ` JkH~O ~` i[~
O Hey LOk. ~ O_ ~ H~ h #Oz 1000 ~ H~ h <@ =~ RBI =kOz O}
K O k. g\ RBI Q=~~ O`HO LO@Ok.
~` =}H ^="# ~~x, ~` q`=Ou`Y =kOK#. ~~ <@ P~HY
H~î O`HO LO@Ok.
2. ~`Ôx Ju^ "}[O
1. RBI
2. SBI
3. IDBI
4. Exim Bank of India
[. 2
q=~} :
RBI J<k "}[OH H^. Wk ^ ^===
tY~Q O.
SBI J<k WO_
Ju^ "}[ OH =i Z= Op He# OH. R.B.I U~_H ~O
H O^ O q^ HxO\x WOi OH x~OKk. Q~ J^ H` # Q Qg} ~ u
ij< O O ~ 1955 WOi OH# *fO K, SBI Q =~#.
1959 ~f \
OH (J#|O^ O K@O ) H~O HOk OH# J#|O^ OQ
fOk.
1. \ OH P aH<~ 2. * ~ 3. WO_~ 4. " ~ 5. \ 6. ^~^ 7. ~+ 8.\"<H ~
qx aH<~ , * ~ He \ OH P aH<~ & * ~ (SBBJ)Q =iOk.
gx 2008 \
OH P ~+ (SBS) SBI qb#O J~Ok. 2010 \ OH P WO_~
qb#O H#Ok.
SBIx, ^x J#O^ OH# He, SBI Group JO^~.
3. RBI H ` Q=~~ Z=~?
1. ~OQ~[<
2. ". a. ~ _
3. P" e 4. =<" <O Q
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
[. 2
q=~} :
2008 RBI Q=~~ ". q. ~
_
Hx Ò RBI Q=~~ ^=i ~=
_ \ Q=~~ L ^~\, =Q<^, H
.. KH=i, c~ QH~
`
}oHO L^ _ =O\H O Q P" e
^ # =Ou PiH =O_e K~
< ~OQ~[<
4. D HOk "\
"\ XH\ ^=O $+OK U*h H^.
1. @O|= =i < <
2. "}[ O
3. H O^ O
4. Ò
[. 1
q=~} :
H
OÔH Ô K@| ^ ^"x =kO k.
H
O^ Ò 1 ~~x *s K O k. JO`HH H OÔH =kOK ^"x qÒ K O k.
H
O^ OH =kOz# K@| ^ ^=O P^~OQ "}[ O ~ u ^"x $+ ~.
H|\ @O, =i <
< O ^"x $+O K U*h H=.
5. HO^ Ò H =^# ~|_ (Capital Receipts) ^ =^~=# `=.
1. =~\ ~}
2. |i` O
3. z# ^
4. q_O\ O _
[. 1
q=~} :
H
O^ ` ~|_ =~ ~ O_. 1. ~ "# ~|_, 2. =^# ~|_. ~ "# ~|_ J<k `xH
=K PÔ O\k. # < `~ =~ Wk =K#.
Hx =^#
~|_= ` P `Q # ^ JC< ~Q#.
=^#
~_# Budget 3 ~HQ z~ .
Z) Ò Wz# ~} uiy = K @ (Recoveries of Loans)
a) @ |_ LO ~}, ` P J=HO (Other Receipts)
) =~\ ~} (Borrowing and other Liabilities)
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
D =_O\ Ju^ P^~O =~\ ~}.

20082009
Ò 201011
"= JOK<
|_\ JOK<
1. ~} =
6.139
1.78
5129
2. W`~ ~|_
566
0.16
40,000
3. =~\ ~} 3.36,992
98.04
3,81,408
"Ò =^#
~|_
3,43,697
100
4,26,537
Ò
1.20
9.37
89.41
100
JO> =^# ~|_ 90% # =~\ ~} #OK =O k.

6. W.J = L^ H~O `H ^= _=O_ (Transaction Demand for money) g\
g\
P^ ~ _ #.
1. PÔ =i =_~ @
2. =_~ @ =i O_ ^~
3. ^= ~ =i PÔ 4. =_~ @ =i ^=
[. 1
q=~} :
^= _=O_ KOk# Ô` =Y"#
q 1. H< ^= _=O_ ÔÒ 2. H< `~ "` ^=
_=O_ Ô`.
H< H~O ^"x _=O_ K _xH H~} 3
Z) "~ ==~ H~ (Transaction Demand for money)
a) =O^ *Q` H~ (Precautionary Demand for money)
) JOK< "~O H~ (Speculative Demand for money)
gx "~ ==~ H~ ^= _=O_, =O^ *Q` H~ ^= _=O_ PÔ P^~_
Q ,
JOK< "~O H~ ^= _=O_ =_~ @ P^~_ #.
H< `~ "` ^= _=O_ Ô` 1. = 2. \a< 3. q< _=
< Ô` Q=.
= Ô`x " ^g ^= _=O_ (Transaction Demand) Ô`=O^~. = H~O
"~ ==~ ^= _=O_ _ PÔ` @, =_ ~ @ P^_ #.
PÔ iy`, "~ ==~H LOK ^=O _ ~Q#. Hx =_~
@ iy`, "~ ==~H
LOK ^=O `Q # . JO> "~ ==~ ^= _=O_ PÔ` J#= O|OÔ , =_ ~ @`
q= O|OÔ LO@Ok.
Note : H# H~O "~ ==~ ^= _=O_ PÔ P^~_
Q , = H~O PÔ`
@ =_~ @ P^~_ #.
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
7. ~` Ô, ~ J`kH PÔ nx #O_ aOK#.

1. J=H #
2. q =K ~|_
3. == P^ #
4. ~+ ZH A OHO
[. 1
q=~} :
_
~ H}
Q =#Ô # qkOz, = K JkH~O H O^, ~+ ` =^
~*OQO ql OK|_Ok.
~+ PÔ ^ # QO # ~|_.
1.
Sales Tax
2. State Excise
3. Stamps & Registration
4. Taxes on motor vehicles
5. land Revenue
200809 Ò
200910
Ò
21,852
5,753
2931
1801
130
27,685
6260
3 224
2 315
144
68%
15%
7.9%
5.69
0.4
65%
17%
8.78%
5.4%
0.4%
(RE)
~+ # ~|_ 65% Q J=H < . ~xH J=H # H=^#= =O\k.

~+ # ~|_ J=~} H=O =~Q
1. J=H #, 2. ZH * OHO 3. O, il+ #
4. "\~ "< # 5. =$u #.
8. ~` Ô ^~ ~Q^ =i ^"}O =
1. BOP # u =O
2. @|_ u =O
3. P^ J=#`
4. = x
[. 4
q=~} :
^~
~Q@ = JO`~f "~O =#^ ZQ=` \ _ H `~. e ÒQ ZQ=`
`Q ` ~. =~ " q^j == HH O Q =# KHQ JxOK@K kQ=` ~Q`~.
ZQ=` `y, kQ=` ~Q@K q^j "~ KeO +O (BOP) @ U~_ u`
U~_#.
^~
~Q@ = PiH= = J~ ` U~_@ =, QÒ HO> Z= @|_ @ = ~=_O =
@|_ _ u =O U~_#.
^~
~Q^ = Lù^~, "~ ~Q`~. "`# Hi, ~ P^ =~O "~,
=# xs` "`xH HHz# "~, OK# ^~ #+ `~. JO> PÔ ^ #Oz ^x
`~ @K P^ J=#` ~Q#.
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
9.
NABARD _ ~ Q
1. z# ~ `
[. 4
q=~} :
g\
g\H # (JC) WOk.
2. Q= Ku x"iH
3.z# "~ 4. "\ "xH H^.
CRAFICARD ~
"~ 1982 <~ O K|_Ok. ==, Qg}a=$kH O|OkOz Wk

tY~Q OQ x K O k.
tY~Q O J<k ` HO
Q ~ ` , Ku x"iH, "~ ~}e=^.
==^~, Ku x"~, "~ ~}OkOK H~ ~
u O , q Ja=$k O,
Of Qg} O, "}[ O <~ s< < K #.
~+ ` 20 OII H iquH |_# n~H
eH ~} =~#.
==O, Qg}a=$k` O|OÔ
Hey#, H O^ ` QiO Ok# U OH < n~H eH ~}eK#.
10. P~O =i Z~= a_ g\
g\ Wq_ L<~.
1. =^# =O
2. ~ "# =O
3. }oH=O 4. = x
[. 2
q=~} :
` =O ~
O_ ~H 1. ~ "# =O 2. =^# =O
` ^x
Ok# ==~ QOQ ^~}, i< = J =O ~ "# =O. ~ "#
=O = PiH == ZO\ #`# P $+O K|_=
L^ =_ KeO , ~H}
=O, a_, ~ ` ~} " @ "IIq.
#`# P
$+O K_O J =O =^# =O
L^ O` H#Q, #`# * x~}O
~
"# =O =~ ~ O_ ~H Z) }oH ~ "# =O a. }oH`~ ~ "# =O. H O^
}oH =O, ~, H Oê` O` H O^ Ò JOkOK O }oH ~ "#
= =Q#.
=_ KeO
, P~, Z~= c_, OK#, ~H}
=O, ~ ` ~}" @ }oH`~ ~ "#
=O Q.
}oH`~ ~
"# =O JkH QO =_ KeO ^.
WO_
=^# =O HO> ~ "# =O Z=Q#, }oH =O HO>, }oH`~= O
Z=Q# LOk.
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
APPSC (GROUP-II) EXAM
MODEL PAPER
(4= x\)
1.
201112 |_\ u^# P^ # iqu ZO` =~ q#~O WK#.

1) ~.1,60,000 =~
2) ~.1,90,000 =~
3) ~.2,40,000 =~
4) ~.5,00,000 =~
[. 2
q=~} :
201112 |_\
=HQ ` P^ # q#~O# HOk qÔ Q W=_O [iyOk. ~+
~.1,80,000 =~ # q#~O Q^.
60 O=`~ = # q#~O iqu ~. 1,90,000 =~
(OK^ )
60 O=`~ |
_# =$^ # q#~O iqux ~.2,50,000 =~
(2,40,000 #Oz 2,50,000 OK#)
2.
200405 O=`~O #Oz HOk "x U O `~OQ OQ KiOk?

2) YES O eq>_
1) ICICI O eq>_
4) UTI O eq>_
3) IDBI O eq>_
[. 3
q=~} :
IDBI 1964 RBI J#|OÔ
Q O K|_#. 1976 RBI #Oz "~ _ ` [=#OH
=zOk. 2004 #Oz RBI K@O 1934 H~O +_ OQ =iOk. e ÒQ IDBI O
eq>_ J<k `~OQ O XH\ Q LOk.
3. 2010 \ # O Ec [~O@# O Uk?
1) SBI
2) RBI
3) SEBI
4) NABARD
[. 2
q=~} :
1921 O
K|_# WOi O# Qg} ~ u ~ Hq\ ~ "~ (Q~ Hq\)
1955 E *fO K SBI Q ~ =~~.
1935 O
K|_# RBI 2010 <\H 75 OII# i K Hx \# O Ec L`" [~O@Ok.
1988 ~
} Hq\ ~ "~ =O~ ^ # H OÔQ SEBI O K|_#. 1992 nxH
K@| ^` HeOK#. ~` =^# =~\# xOuOK O W^.
CRAFICARD Hq\ (t=~=< Hq\) ~ "~ Qg} == ~
u Ja=$kH 1982
NABARD O
K|_#. Qg} == ~ u Wk tY~Q O.
z~Orq
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
4.
*a` 1x JO#, *a` 2 x JO` [` K O_.

*a` 1
*a` 2
a) ^~} ^~
~ x~O`~ ~Q^
I) ~ W<+
<
b) PiH =OÔ x"~} L^
~HOQ
II) _ W<+
<
^~ OK@
c) Lù, Lk, PÔ `Q
O_ ^~ `Q ^ III) Q+<
d) ^"}O` _# u~Q=#O
IV) i+
<
V) W<+
<
CODES :
1) a-V, b-I, c-II, d-IV
3) a-I, b-IV, c-V, d-III
2) a-I, b-III, c-II, d-IV

4) a-V, b-IV, c-II, d-III
[. 4
q=~} :
O=`~xH 3 JOH HO> Z=Q ^~
iy` ^xx ~ W<+ < JO\~.
^"}O L# HO Ò f# K~ =# Lù Lk `Q
O_ ^~ `y` _W <+ <
JO\~.
XH"
^~ ~Q`, =~" Lù `Q u~Q=# iu x Q + < JO\~.
PiH =O^ Hx x"iOKO^ Ò L^
~HOQ ^~ Oz` ^xx i+ < JO\~.
^~} ^~
~ x~O`~ ~Q^ ^"}O.
5. "}[ O H ~ u $+ =~x `yO K JO
a) H =i _=O_ _l@
b) ~}
c) H
O^ O =^ Q "}[ O #Q^ x
d) Ku #Q^ (cash in hand)
CODES :
1) a =i b
2) b =i c
3) c =i d
4) a =i d
[. 3
q=~} :
O H ~
u $+ =YOQ #Q^ x x+u P^~_ #. O WK ~},
O HiOK _l@ =# "}[ O ~ u =~ O ~Q#. [ `= Ku #Q^
LOKH=_O = OHOQ H~H `y ~ u $+ `Q # . H O^ O =^ LOK=# #Q^
x iQHn, "}[ O ~ u $+ =~ O `Q # .
z~Orq
10
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
6.
WiOQ + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ H~O "Ò ^= ~ x zOKk.

1)
MV + M'V'
2) MV + MV'
3) MV = PT
4)
MV+M'V'
T
[. 1
q=~} :
+
~ ÔÒ + ~ zOz# gH~}
O MV = PT.
O ^"x _ H H fO> MV + M'V' = PT. D gH~}
O PT J<k ^= _=O_#
`Q, MV + M'V' J<k "Ò ^= ~ # `#.
D gH~}
O M K@| ^ ^=~t, M' O ^=O, V = K@| ^ ^= ~"Q O ,
V' O ^= ~ "QO
.
^"x ^x ~ "QO
K z "Ò ^= ~ =K#.
7. Incidence of Tax (# ~O) ^xx `#.
1) #~ =i ~ @
2) # H ^= ~x z=~Q i OK@
3) # =$k
4) # = K q^#O
[. 2
q=~} :
~H # q+ O # è =O XHi#
, JOu= ~O =~Hi# LO@Ok. ` H #
q+ O # è =O, JOu= ~O XHi< LO@Ok. # H JOu= ~x i OK
ux `^ incidence of tax.
8. H O^ O, "}[ O HO> qa#"# k. ZO^H#Q?
1) ^~}OQ H OÔ, ` Pn#O#, "}[ O `, ~"\ ~OQ LO_#
2) H OÔ ` PiH q^<# J=~ @ "}[ O# qÒ K #
3) H O^ O <@ *s UH=kH~x Hey LO_#
4) = x
[. 4
q=~} :
"}[ O ` ^ ~"\ ~OQO LO_=K. Hh H
O^ O ` ~OQO =`"
LO@Ok.
` ^= q^<x ~OkOKk H
O^ OH. P q^<xH J#Q}OQ "}[ O xK e.
H~
h <@# *sK Q`k ` O H O^ OH LO@Ok. "}[ O =kOK JkH~O ^ .
"}[ O ~}` xK~. H
OÔ ~}` xK ^. D JO ^$
H OÔ "}[ O HO> qa#"# k.
z~Orq
11
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
9.
i[~ OH P WO_ H "^\ ~f Q=~~?

1) ". q.~_
2) ^=i ~=
3) J ~ J~ ` 4) ._.^=M
[. 4
q=~} :
` RBI Q=~~ _. ~=
_. ~= =O^ RBI Q=~~ ".q. ~_
RBI H "^\ Q=~~ J ~ J~ `
RBI H "^\ ~f Q=~~ ._.^=M
10. HOk "x ~f i[~OH qk Hxk Uk?
1) q^j =~H x# O~HO K@
2) H~ h <@ *s K @
3) `xH, O OQ ==iOK@
4) [ #O_ _l@ HiOK@
[. 4
q=~} :
H~
h <@ *sK @, O, `xH OQ ==iOK@, O JOu= ~}^`Q
==iOK@, ~ u xOuOK@, q^j =~H x# O~HO K@ J<q H OÔ q^ .
[ #O_ _l@ HiOK@ H O^ O qk H^. _l@ H~}
J<k "}[ O qk.
11. O ~ @ J#Q
1) "}[ O, JkH ~ u ~ Q qxQ^~ WK ~} =_
2) H O^ O ` i\#, "}[ O J=@
3) H O^ O "}[ O WK ~} qkOK =_ ~ @
4) " g H=
[. 3
q=~} :
Z= ~
u ~ \OQ Hey# qxQ^~ "}[ O WK ~} qkOK =_ ~ @# P.L.R.
(Prime Lending Rate) JO^ ~ .
H
O^ O ` i\# =~\ J=_x, H#_x |~OQ =~\ K~ JO^~.
"}[ O J~` Hey# i\# RBI =^ LOz ~}# HiOK@_ RBI P ~}
qkOK =_ ~ @# O ~ @ JO\~.
12. ~`^ O 13= PiH O O J^ _Q xqOK|_#"~?
1) H ..xy
2) .~OQ~[<
3) Z.ZO.Y
4) q[ Z.H ~
[. 4
q=~} :
H
..xy "^\ PiH O O J^ _
z~Orq
12
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
.~OQ~[< 12= PiH O O J^ _

Z.ZO.Y 11= PiH O O J^
q[ Z.H
~ 13= PiH O O J^ _. 20102015 HxH O|OkOz # ~|_x H O^
~ =^ O} KO^ W`# K# K #.
13. ~`^ O "# " @|_# O=`~O?
1) 199495
2) 199697
3) 200001
4) 198687
[. 1
q=~} :
" ## 199495 O=`~O "
@_O [iyOk. 199495 ~.407 H@ PÔ =zOk.
200607 O=`~xH ~.37,597 H@ PÔ = J~Ok. 200809 |_\ =~ 4 =#
# ikH fHzi.
MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax) # 199697 ">#.
CENVAT # 200001 "
># .
MODVAT # 198687 |_\
" ># .
14. H ~ Hq\ ^xH O|OkOz#k?
1) ` H #
2) ~H #
3) ` H =i ~H #
4) ZQ=u =i kQ=u OH
[. 3
q=~} :
# O~} H
~ Hq\ `# `k x"kH# 2007 =iOzOk. Wk ` H, ~H #
~ KOk. "`# L^Q Standard deduction# `yOKx, P^ # ==
x, ^= O` Tax information Network U~@ K x
~ O_ LO_x, MAT # Zu"
zOK#.
15. *a` 1x JO#, *a` 2 x JO` [` K O_.
*a` 1
a) H @
b) ~
"# @
c) |_@
s @
d) =^#
@
*a` 2
I) ~
"# ~|_ ~ "# =O
II) ~
"# ~|_ { (~} = =i W`~ ~|_) "Ò =O
III) =^#
~|_ =^# =O
IV) "Ò
~|_ "Ò =O
CODES :
1) a-I, b-II, c-IV, d-III
3) a-II, b-I, c-III, d-IV
[.
2) a-II, b-I, c-IV, d-III

4) a-I, b-II, c-III, d-IV
z~Orq
13
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
q=~} :
~
"# @ : ~ "# ~|_ ~ "# =O
=^#
@ : =^# ~|_ =^# =O
|_@
s @ : Ò "Ò ~|_ Ò "Ò =O
H @
: ~ "# ~|_ { (~} ={@|_ LO ~}) "Ò =O
16. ` O H O^ `xH J`kH ~|_ =K # =O Uk?
1) H~~\ #
2) H O^ ZH * OHO 3) P^ #
4) H" OH
[. 1
q=~} :
200506 O=`~O =~ H
O^ `xH J`kH PÔ H O^ ZH * OH #Oz =Kk.
200607 #Oz J`kH # ~|_ H~~\ # #Oz ==Òk.
J`kHO
Q # ~|_ 200809 (P) O=`~O
1) H~~\ # (35.1%),
2) P^ # (20.3%) #O_ a # k.
3) ZH * OHO (17.8%),
4) H" OH (16.4%),
17. 201112 " H\ O z# ^= q^#O# O|OkOz ~ # JOO Uk?
1. CRRx =~^ .
2. ~ , i=~ ~ ~ @# 0.50% OK# (Wq =~Q 7.25% 6.25%H K~ #.)
3. O~ @ ZO\ =~ K ^ (6% LOk).
4. = x ~ # ".
[. 4
q=~} :
201112 ^= q^<x RBI Q=~~ ^=i ~= H\
O K#. QÒ L# O ~ @, CRR
6%, =~^ . ~ , i=~ ~ # 0.50 Ò OK@K Jq =~Q 7.25%, 6.25%H K~~.
18. =#Ô ^"}x H OK_xH L yOK \ ^~ p JkH ~O U JOxH W=|_Ok?
1) ^q H ==
2) WO^# O, q^`, HOu, aHO\
3) Lù K# == 4) JxO\H =# ~O W=|_#
[. 3
q=~} :
^~}OQ =#Ô
^"}x HeKO^ WPI \ ^~ px L y~ . WPI
3 ~H == # Q} ~ .
1. ^q H == (22.03% ~O W=|_#). L^: P~, P~ `~ == , Yx*
2. WO^# O, q^`, HOu, aHO\ (14.23% ~O W=|_#). L^: Q, Yx[ #<, q^`
3. Lù K# == (63.75% ~O W=|_#). L^: =, Q L`` , O`
z~Orq
14
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^=O =#
= =i_ û :

== # Wz ^xH |^Q H=# =~H == # O^_x = =i_ û ^ =

qx= û (Barter System) JO^~.
=#=x H~ iqÒQ LO_@ =# PiH H~H iqÒQ LO_@K D û ^ "O k.
== i_ û qx= =^=O LO_^ .
= =i_ û :

W^~ = =^ H~ =#O H =_O,

H =#O H =_O,

q=# HeK H=#O H =_O,

== ql OK_xH g H =_O,

O^# x K g H =_O,

"~^ KeO gQ O_@.
^ = O x~K#O :

J<Ô \< Ô '=<\ #Oz \Ok (~=< ^=` =<\ PO <}

=kOK@ =).
''Ju =Y"# =#= H# ^=O XH\ . u GO =Y"# H# XH\ LO@Ok. Jk
O Jx ^=O
O` GO KHO, q*# GO x, ~[huGO F@, J~ GO ^=O
H^~ "MxOK#.
''U^` ^=OQ xKO^ J^ ^=O (Money is what money does) - "H~.
''~OwH~O Ok# =" ^=O eQ=<
''qx= ^# OQ ~OwH~O Ok, q= H=#OQ L Q_ ^ ^=O H^~ .
''^=O `èH H#Q H xO (Temporary abode of Purchasing) q< _=<.
Money
^= H= i}=O :

= ^=O : ~OO == < ^=OQ L yOK"~. L^ : L`~ J"iH Q,

PH ÔÒ.
^=O : <QiH` Ja=$k KO^ Hn ^=O "_HH =zOk. L^ : |OQ~O, "O_,
z~Orq
16
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY

~y "^Q#q. ~OO x =^ Q#, H_ Q# L yOK#. `~ "` HO

` <} ` ~Ki .
700 BC e_ (Lydia) OÒ "^\ <}# *sK _O [iyOk.
Hy` ^=O : |OQ~, "O_, # P^~OQ Kx HO^ O <@# *sK_O
[iyOk. "^@ *sK# ^"xH #\H #~ Ò x LO_q. `~ "` HO
|OQ~OH =~< g O_ ^"x *s K < ~.
~ u ^=O : |OQ~x x=Q LOKx H~ hx *sK# qÔ Q<, H~ hx x=Q ^z ~ u
^"x ^ O ^"x $+O K_O [~QÒk.
g ^=O : O_, >[s a, O_ "^Q "\H _ ^=Ò LO_@ =#
^=OQ L yOK_O [~QÒk. g\H ^"xH LO_ H}
LO_@ =# g ^=O
JO\~.
^=O ~H :
I.
^= =^} qxyOK == # |\ ^"x (A) ^=O, (B) Hy` ^=O Jx ~ O_

~HQ =sHi OK=K.
A) ^=O :
x ^=OQ L y ^xx ^=O JO^~. Wk =_ ~H. (1) i =}O Hey#
<} (Full body or standard money); (2) `= =}O Hey# <} (Token Money); (3)
ux^ ^=O (Representative Money)
i =} ^=O :
^=O ` sH L yOK O JO`~` q=, |~` q= =#OQ LO> JO\ ^"x
i =} ^=O (Full Body Money or Standard Money) JO\~. L^ : 183593 =^ =#Ô
i =}O Hey# "O_ <} K=} L<~.
` = =} ^=O (Token Money) :
<} =Y q= (|~` q=), <}O H JO`~` q= HO> Z=Q LO> ^xx \H<
=h JO^~.
ux^ ^=O (Representative Money) :
` = q= L# x ^ Hy`x ^=OQ =kOz "_` JO\ ^"x ux^ ^=O
JO\~. ^=O *sK JkH~ ^Q~ K=} L# ^"xH =#OQ |OQ~O, "O_ x
LO\~.
z~Orq
17
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
B)
II.
Hy` ^=O :
^"x ` ~ K _xH Hy`x L y ^xx Hy` ^=O JO\~. K< "^\ iQ
Hy` ^"x " ># . Hy` ^"x HOk qÔ Q ql OK=K.
1) ux^ Hy` ^=O : #\H #~ Ò x x=Q LOz ^"x *sK JO\
^"x ux^ Hy` ^=O JO\~. L^ : =#Ô *sK# |OQ~O, |e<
i H \.
2) i=~h Hy` ^=O (Convertible Paper Money) : *s K# Hy` ^"x
|OQ~O ^ "O_H =~H=_xH gO> P ^"x i=~h "# Hy` ^=O JO\~.
L^ : 19= `|O "_H L# ~ =}O D H~ O LO_k.
3) Ji=~h Hy` ^=O (Inconvertible Paper Money) : *s K# Hy` <@
|OQ~O ^ "O_ H =~< gH ` JO\ ^"x Ji=~h Hy`
^=O JO\~.
P"^ Q`# |\ ^=O ~ O_ ~H.
Z) K@| ^ ^=O, a) K@| Ô Hx ^=O
Z) K@|^ ^=O
(Legal Tender Money) :
^= JkH~ (RBI) *sK# ^"x K@| ^" # ^=O JO\~. nxH K@O H =u
LO@Ok. K@| ^" # ^=O ~ O_ ~H.
1) Jiq` K@| ^ ^=O "~ ==~ x~}, |} i~xH ZO` i=}O
J~< ` xiQ P"kOK=# ^"x Jiq` K@| ^ ^=O JO\~.
L^ =#Ô 50 qOz L# <}, ~~ #Oz 1000 =~ Q <@.
2) iq` K@| ^ ^=O ^"x HO` iquH |_ =`" P"kOK ^"x iq` K@| ^
^=O JO\~.
L^ 5, 10, 20, 25 <}. g\x 25 ~ =~ =`" P"k~ .
a) K@|Ô Hx ^=O (SzH ^=O)
III.
Z)
K@O " O O_ Wx |\ HxO\x ^=OQ JOwHiOK=K. nx< SzH ^=O JO\~.

L^ O WK K, _
^=Ò P^~OQ ^"x (Z) =# ^=O, (a) g ^=O Jx ql OK=K.
=# ^ = O (Ordinary Money) :
[ =^ Q <}, H~ h <@, O =^ Q _=O_ _l@# =# ^=O ^ Oz`
^=O (Narrow Money) JO\~. nxH 100% ^=Ò LO@Ok.
z~Orq
18
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
a)
g ^=O (Near Money) :

=# ^=O` e#C_ ` = ^=Ò Hey LO@Ok. J=~" # C_ g\x ` = Y~`
^=OQ =~H#Q=. JO^K g\x g ^=O JO\~. L^ *f ^ _l@,
O_, _O K~ , >[s a, Os <@ "^Q#q.
W`~ ~H ^ = O
1.
2.
3.
P=~ ^=O (Account Money) : [= Y~ H # U ^= x\ ~O ~~ P ^"x

P=~ ^=O JO\~. L^ ~`^ O ~~, a\< O_.
==iH ^=O (Actual Money) : PiH == "= OQ K=} L# ^"x ==iH
^=O JO\~. Jx ~H ==~ nx`< [~Q#.
qG` ^=O (Fiduciary Money) : == Qx, ÒQ x, H O^ O Qx, qx
P^~OQ K x ^"x =kOz` JO\ ^"x q` ^=O JO\~.
=#Ô ^=O# Hh x P^~OQ K x q` û =k< ~.
~ u ^=O nxx O ^=O Jx _ JO\~. L^ O *sK K , _ , qx=

a.
` JkH~O =# Hy` ^=O K=} LO> ^xx Fiat Money JO\~. J`=~
i` Ò nxx *sK O k. D ^"xH "#H i[~ LO_=. =# Ô ^=O Fiat
Money .
Fiat Money :
^=O-q^
^=O q^ # Z) ^q H q^ , a) Q} q^ Q ql OK=K.
^q H q^
1) qx= =^=O (Medium of Exchange) ^=O == H, == H =^ =^ =iQ J=H,
H#Q K @ L Q_ #.
2) q= H=#O (Measure of Value) Jx ~H = =# ^=O` H~ .
Q} q^ (kf } q^ )
1)
q= xk H# D qkH JkH ^#`# WK#. O^# ` L QxH HO_

q+` LQ_@@ x K<O^ ^=O LQ_#.
2)
"~^ KeO =}O "~ ==~ J~= û _ x~iOK_xH ^=O

LQ_#.
z~Orq
19
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
<Q q^# OHOQ W ~.

("Money is a matter of functions four a medium, a measure, a standard and a store".)
3.
H<
^=O q=# |kb KO^ _ L Q_ #.

(Kenley)
=sH~ }

H<.. ^= q^# ^qH q^, Q} q^, J#+OyH q^

=sHi OK#.
~ u x $+O K@,
*f^x =kOK@,
(Contingency functions)Q
P^ O^ O},
^=`x PkOK@ "^Q "\x J#+OyH q^ Q ==K.

Z<lOQ =sH~ }
Z<lOQ ^= q^ # x q^ , K# q^ Q ql OK#.
O^ q^ # x ^ OHuH q^ JO^~.
^~ ~x, Lùx, qxQx, O}x qÒ K q^ # K<`H q^ JO^~.
=Oz ^ " xH LO_=# H}

1. P"^ Q` (Acceptablity) :
2. O Q fHx O^ gO_@ (Portability)
3. =xH (Durability)
4. q[` (Divisibility)
5. *f` (Homegenity)
6. "HK` O (Elasticity)
7. J|~=
8. ~ ` O
(Low weight)
(Stability)
9. èHQ QiOK@ (Congnisability)
Q+" Ò
XH@= Ze[` ~} PiH ^~_ Q+" . "# =i <~H ^" ~ O_ XHi
K=} LO> <~H ^=O "# ^"x K=} #Oz ìq" # Jx Q+" fHiOK#.
J#Q K_ ^=O =Oz ^"x ìq" #. (Bad money drives out good money out of circulation)
nx< Q+" Ò JO^~.
z~Orq
20
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^ = ~ H=<
^= ~ x~K#O a<a<~.
Z) O^ x~K#O [ =^ Q H~ h (C), O =^ Q _=O_ _l@ (DD) He ^=
~ Q x~zOzi. M = C + DD
a) zHQ J~ G"` x~K#O
zHQ ^= G"` # q< _= < "^# "i JaO H~ h (C), _=O_ _l@ (DD)
` @Q >" _l@ (TD), ^= ~ K~e. M = C + DD + TD
O^ PiH"` ^= x~K<xH Oz` x~K#O W, zHQ G"` q $` J~x

WK#.
q< _= < JaO H~O ''H#Q HH `èH xOQ xKk U^< ^=".
(Money is anything that serves the Function of providing a temporary abode of purchasing power).
Q~ =i x~K#O H~h (C), _=O_ _l@ (DD), >" _l@ (TD) `@Q
OH`~ =^ =~ JC, O ^ _l@ O_ _ ^= ~ Kii.
~_ H Hq\ x~K#O nxx ^=` û JO^~. nx H~ h Jx ~H O _l@

=^ _l@, g ^= x. [ JO^@ L# |} H~# _ ^=
~ H Kii.
~`^ O ^ = ~
1967-68 =~ XH ^= ~ H=<x H\ O K"~.
1968 `~ "` q+ ^= =#~ (AMR - Aggregate Monetary Resources) J< H=<x _

H\ O k. nx >" _l@ K~ _O [iyOk. M = C + DD + TD
1977 #Oz RBI <Q ~H ^= ~ H=<# K iO k.
M1 = C + DD
M1, M2, M3, M4

M1 =
[ =^ Q H~ h { O =^ Q _=O_ _l@ { i[~O =^ Q W`~ _l@

M1 = C + DD + OD
M1
# O
Oz` ^=O Jx JO\~. =# [ ^$+ ^=O JO> M .
M1
J`kH ^=Ò Hey# ^=O.
O^ ^= x~K#O M ^= H=#O XH>.

1
z~Orq
21
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
M3 = M1
{ O =^ Q Hiqu _l@
M3 = M1 + TD
q ^= H=#O JO\~. nx< q+

q+ ^= =#~ JO\~.
M3 #
M3 = C + DD + OD + TD
= M1 + TD
zHQ PiH" ` ^= x~K#O, M ^= H=#O XH>.

3
M2, M4 :
=^ Q _l@# H H fx ^"x x~z M , M ^" =~.

2
M2 = M1 +
=^ Q ^ _l@
M4 = M3 +
Q "Ò _l@
M1 J`kH
^=Ò Hey#k HQ,
M4 J
^=Ò Hey#k.
=^ W`~ _l@ = Hl ` O _l@,

L^Q
H~ ~ u O O _l@.
Note : RBI
IMF
JHO\ <O|~ 2 qQ,
RBI
O|OkOz# Q}OH# i[~ OH `* ~K ^ . JO^=<

J~~ ÒQ =~~.
q ^=O (M ) Q" # Oz`" # ^=O (M ) "\ 1990-91 35% HQ 2006-07

<\H 29% H}
O zOk. J#Q O Hiqu _l@ ~Q` =< ~.
3
M2, M4 J<
=#
#`# ^ = O, ^ = ` =#~
1997 _II ". q.~_ J^ H` # xqOK|_# =iOQ Q ^= ~ J^ #O K 1998

x"kH# =iOzOk. Wk =_ #`# ^= H=<#, 3 ^=` H=<# zOK#.
Q ^ _l@ (M ), Q "Ò _l@

#Oz `yOK_O [iyOk.
2
M1 = `
(M4)
# ^= ~ ik
=sH~ }
, H` =sH~ }
ZO\ =~ ^ .
M1 = C + DD + OD
M2 = M1 + O=`~O
H iqu Q Hiqu _l@
{ O *sK# _l\ i H \
{ Hiqu` KeO K|_ O _l\(Time liability portion of saving deposits with banks)
z~Orq
22
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
#`# M =^Q ^ _l\ q#~OK#. O=`~O Q H iqu

_l@#, O *sK# _l\ i H \# K~ _O [iyOk. g\x H"#O> "QO Q
^=OH =~H=K.
2
M3 = M2 {
O=`~O HO> Z= H iqu Hey# H iqu _l@

{ H, n~H O ~}
M4
# LO iOK_O [iyOk.
D #`# =sH~ }
_ M < q ^=OQ ~ .
3
Q=xH #`# M
M3
` =sH~ }
HO> "~QQ L#q.
Z) =^ Q ^ _l@#, "Ò _l@# q#~OK_O [iyOk.

a) [ ^ _l@, H iqu _l@#, O=`~O iH ` KO^q, O=`~O `~ "`
iH ` KO^ _l@Q =sHi OK#.
) "^\ iQ O, HeH, n~H eH ~}# fH=_O [iyOk.
^ = ` =#~
RBI
=iOQ Q #`#OQ =_ ~H ^=` =#~# " ># .
L1
#`#
M3 +

L2 L1 + q`
=^ Q Jx ~H _l@
(NSC
q#~OKe)
O H Hiqu _l@ { q` O *sK# _l\ i H \

{ Term borrowing by FIs
L3 L2 + OH`~
q` O =^ Q [ _l@
JkH H=O`"# ^=O

^= ~ x x~~ OK JO =Y"# k i[~ ^=O. nxx ` ^=OQ _ ~ .

nxx =^~ ^=O (Base Money) Jx, High Powered Money Jx, ^qH ^=O (Primary
Money) Jx ~ . i[~ O *sK [ W`~ O x LOK ^"x i[~ ^=O
JO\~.
Z) [ =^ Q H~ h
a) [ i[~O =^ @ # W`~ _l@
) "}[ O =^ Q #Q^ x (nx ~ O_ ~H x LO\~)
RBI =^ "}[ O LOK=# x { M`^~ J=~HO "}[ O `= =^
LOK< #Q^ x.
z~Orq
23
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H = [
=^ Q #Q^ { RBI =^ Q W`~ _l@ { "}[ O =^ Q #Q^ x
= C + OD + CR
[ CR = Cash Reserves ]
O Q KO> i[~O $+O z *sK |_# [ =^, O =^ Q x# JkH

H= O`" # ^=O JO\~.
^~} ^"xH H= O`" # ^"xH `_ U=O> ^~} ^=O _=O_ _l@ LO\~.
i[~ ^=O O =^ Q x LO\~.
M1 = C + OD + DD
H = C + OD + CR
CR
H DD Jq<= O|OÔ LOk. O $+O K _l@ CR P^~_#.
#Q^ x x+u Z=Q LO> O $+O K ~} ` =Q LO_#.
1981-91 =^ 'H' Money "iH ~Q^ ~ @ 16% HQ, 1991 `~ "` nx ~Q^ ~ @
13%Q #"Ô k. J#Q i[~ ^=O ~Q^ ~ @ H}
O zOk.
^= ~ "QO (Velocity of Money)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
XH xs` HO XH x\ ^=O Zx~ = = H#_xH K` =~< è* ^xx

^= ~ "QO JO\~. ^= ~ "QO HO k JO P^~_ #.
^= ~ J=~" # ^= ~ HO> ` = ^= ~ LO> ^= ~ "QO ~Q#.
~u O ~ u O OY iQHn ^=~ "QO ~Q#.
#Q^ ==~ #Q^ ==~ Z=Q iQ Hn ^= ~ "QO ~Q#.
qxQ =$u H# H~O qxQ~ iQ Hn ^= ~ "QO ~Q#.
P^ O} P^, J=#` Z= LO> ^= ~ "QO ` =Q LO_#.
PiH == i` ^"} HO ^= ~ "QO Z=Q LO_#. PiH =O^ HO
^= ~ "QO ` =Q LO_#.
"`# q^#O Z= HJO`~ "`# KeO [iy` ~"Q O `Q # .
~ Q~ PÔ ~ Q~ PÔ J~` ~"Q O ~Q#.
iqH Ja=$k KOk# ^ ~"Q O Z=Q LO_#.
~"} ~ ^< iy` ~"Q O ~Q#.
z~Orq
24
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
O
OHOQ :
O J< ^xH P^~O OH (Banco), OH (Banque). D ^ J~O | Jx ~ q \

J< Oz ~K~` K_. H.. 600< a< Ô O, O ` LO_=x
~<#,
1157 O K|_ OH P "x Ju p#"# "}[ O.
H^~ H~O O s =Q~. =~H "i, =_ "i, ~H~_.
O x~K#O:
_. ~~ Z. ~ OH~ J< ^x D qÔ Q x~zOK_. ''^~} "~ ~o =

[=H> =# "i~ H~ O@ M` [=H_ `, P = *s K# K # Pî KeO K
"x< OH~ J#=K.
~` OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O 1949 H< 5 OHOQ "~x HO k qÔ Q x~zOzOk.
''Hi# "O@< Hx, WOH =O Hx K , _, P~~ ^~ Hx, WOH qÔ Q Hx, uiy KeO K
+~` g^ _l@ HiOz, P =# ~} W=_xH Qx, @|_ HO Qx L yOK_O
O "~O.
"}[ O:
HOhQ #"^ J~, ~} ^ x HeOK xqÒ , [ =^ #Oz _l@ HiOK PiH
O "}[ O. Wq H` xK~. ^~}OQ HeH ~} W~. "}[
O ~ O_ ~H 1).+_ O 2). << +_ O,
1. +_ O : i[~O K@O(1934) ~O_= +_ #"^~# O# +_
O JO^~. L^: =#Ô *fO K |_# "}[ O, ZcS (SBI).
2. << +_ O: i[~O K@O (1934) ~ O_= +_ #"^Hx O# <<
+_ O JO\~.
H~ O :

q` J=~# f~ xqÒ H~ Ò P^~OQ " ^$ HÔ x~OK|_ O

H~ O. =#Ô H~ ~ u O K@O 1904 ~OkOK|_Ok.
=^HeH ~}eKO^ H~ ~ u O =_ ~ H=. (Z). Qg}~
^qH == ~u O. (PACS) (a). l ~ HO^ H~ O. (CCB)
z~Orq
25
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY

(). ~+ ~ ~+ H~ O H=. (SCB)

HeH H~ ~ u ~+ H~ O (1914) tY~Q O.
==^~ n~H eH ~ u J=~# f~ xqÒ q Ja=$k O U~_~. Wq
~ O_ ~ H=. ^q H q Ja=$k O, ~+ ~ q Ja=$k O.
(Wk apex O) . q Ja=$k O# CARDBs JO^~. (Co-operative Agricultural And Rural
Development Banks.)
=# ~+O , n~H eH ~} Single Window ^~ JOk< ~.
=#~+O UHQ"H q^#O ( Single Window) # =^~O 1975 *s Hg+< ~ .
iqH Ja=$k O: i= H=# =^HeH, n~H eH ~}# =OE~ K q`

O # iqH O ^ @|_ O JO\~.
~` iqH q` O (IFCI) 1948.
~` iqH ~ u , @|_ O (SSS) 1955
~` iqH Ja=$k O (S_cS) 1964
~` iqH @|_ O (SSaS) 1997 (~ ~
IRCI, 1971)
~` z# i= Ja=$k O (ZS_cS) 1990

~+ q` O (ZU ) 1953
<~ : *f == Qg} Ja=$k O
~`
Ò 1963 == #~q` Ja=$k O( UP~_ ) # O K#. Qg} Ja=$kH
O~"# ~u U~@ gHOK@H (CRAFICARD) U~@ K# t=~=< Hq\ ~
"~ 1982 <~ U~_Ok. QÒ Q UP~_ nx qb#"O k.
Qg} ~
u <~ tY~Q O (APEX). Wk ` HO Q = ~}e=^. ~ ` Kux
"iH, "~ ~}OkOK H~ ~ u O , "}[ O s< < K O k.
Q g} O :
N #~OO Hq\ ~ "~ 20` ^HO JO`~QOQ 1975 Of

Qg} O O K|_~. z#H~, #H~ ~ ` , == b, =$ux "iH, z#`~
@|_ ^~ Wq ~} O# JOkOK#.
H~ Hq\
\ ~ "~ 1987 `~ "` #`# Of Qg} O O K|_^ .
#~O O Hq\H ~O ~

Hq\ _ RRB # ~ KO k.
z~Orq
26
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
ZcS (State Bank of India) :

1806 HH`#, 1840 O~#, 1843 =^# _h O U~_~. D

=_ _h O# qb#O K 1921 WOi OQ U~@K#. RBI U~_H
~O WOi O H O^ O q^ HxO\x x~OKk.
1953 WOi O# *fO K =OkQ Q~ J^ H` # Q Qg} ~ u ij<

O O ~ KO k. 1955 A 1# WOi O \ OQ =iOk. ~f \ O
(J#|O^ O K@O ) 1959H ~O SBI HO k O# `# J#|O^ OQ fOk.
OH P aHh~
OH P * ~
OH P WO_~
OH P " ~
OH P \
\ OH P ^~^
\ OH P ~+
\ OH P \"<H~.
1963 OH P aHh~, OH P * ~ qb#O J~ \ OH P aHh~ JO_ * ~Q

~O^#. \ OH P WO_ # eOQ HOhQ =iOK=K.
~`^ O Ju^ "}[ O, Z= Op# Hey# O \ OH P WO_

(~O_= Ju^ "}[ O ICICI OH.)
2008
SBI
\ H P ~+ qb#"O k.
2010
SBI
\ OH WO_~ qb#O H#Ok.
"}[ O:
1770 OH P O^<# HH` O zi. ~f [=#O U~@ K# "@" ^\

"}[ O B^ H=i O (1881). i~ ~f "}[ O O* <+# O.
^q H ~OQ ~} WKO^ gQ O =lH xO`}

# 1967 qkOK#.
=lH xO`}
PtOz# e ` W=H=@K 1969A 19# 50H@ HO> Z= _l@
Hey# 14 "}[ O# *fO K#.
1. O@ OH P WO_ 2. OH, P WO_
3. O* <+# OH
4. H #~ OH
5. <> _ H=i OH 6. O_H \ OH
7. OH P |~_
8. <> _ OH P WO_ 9. x< OH P WO_
10. ^< OH
11. J^ OH
12. WO_ < OH
13. WO_ < X=~ OH 14. OH P =~+
z~Orq
27
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
1980 Z 15# 200H@ HO> Z= _l@ Hey# 6 "}[ O# *fO K#.

1. PO^ O,
2. H~~+< O,
4. FiO@~ OH P H=~ 5.O* JO_ O^ OH
3. # OH P WO_
6. q[ OH
# OH P WO_ #` #_K@ =# 1993 O* <+# OH qb#O K#.

H|\ *fO K |_# O 19Q L#q.
2008 E< \ OH P ~+# SBI qb#O K#. 2010 OH P WO_~# SBI

qb#O K#. e ÒQ \ OH Q SBI =i 5 J#|O^ O H=. SBI` Hx
` O ` ~OQO L# O OY 19+6 = 25
S_cS OH eq>_` He ` ~OQO O OY 25+1 = 26
x\ OHOQ :
XH OHOQ P
^~ OHOQ H~H x~OK ^xx x\ OHOQ JO\~. Wk
J"iH ~O= ~Ok.
Oz OHOQ:
H
O^ ^ # H~O P^~OQ Ô JO`\ Op O z OHOQ H~H x~
^xx Oz OHOQ JO\~. Wk WOQO_ ~O= ~Ok.
~`^ O OHOQ == Oz OHOQ KOk#^.
q= OHOQ :
HeH ~}` @ n~H
eH ~} WK O# q= OHOQ JO^~. L^: <^~ O_,
OQs, [~h, e
O =O\ ^ H^.
=H OHOQ:
D û
J"iH H#_ Òk. ~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= O XH eOQ HOh JkH~O
HO^ f~|_` "\x =H OHOQ PO\~.
b_ OH:
u
l PiHa=$kHQ # =Q" # ^H ` ~ K J= K @ u kH (Area
Approach ) O
K|_# O# b_ OH ^H O JO\~. 1968 Q_ Hq\, 1969
<i=< Hq\ nxx zOzOk.
z~Orq
28
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
"}[ O ~u $+
XH^ O L# ^= K=} ~ O_ ~HQ LO@Ok.

(Z) Ò ^ H O^ O =kOz *s K# <@ =i <}
(a) "}[ O $+O K ~ u ^= O.
K\| ^" # ^= ~ =kiQ< ~ u ^= O _ PiH H~H#, Lù, PÔ, qxQO,

^, @|_# qÒ K #. P^ xH O H =Yqk ~ u x $+O K@.
JO^H P^ xH O# ^" x $+O K H~Q~Q q~ .
O `= HiOz# _l@ Hx ~ @ ^" x OK@ ~ u $+. ''_l\ OHK,

"HK ^~ ~} OHK, "HK# qÒ K H
# ~ u $+ JO\~.
_l> ~ u H =^~O. ~ u Wz#_ _ _l@ $+O K|_`~. JO> _l@

~ u H îf_" HO_ ~ u _ _l@ îf#. _l@ ~ O_ ~H
(Z) ^qH _l@: M`^~_ O #Q^# _l\ K#_ U~_ _l\# ^qH
_l\ JO\~.
(a) =`# _l@: O ^q H _l@ P^~OQ M`^~ ~} WO k. ~} Wz#_
#Q^# W=O_ M`^~ ~ P "`x [=K_O ^~ _l\# $+Ok. ~}O
=OE~ K _O =# U~_ W\O\ _l\# =`# _l\ JO\~. nx< kf }

_l@ JO\~.
O ~} _l\# $+ ~. _l\ uiy O WK ~} î f~. J#Q

_l@ $+ ~u $+H îf ~u $+ _l@ $+H îf#.
_l@ ~}
_l@
O $+O K ~ u O =^ LO_ #Q^ x x+u P^~_ LO@Ok.
"}[ O `= =^Q #Q^ Zx~@ ~ u x $+O KQ = J<k ~ u Q}HO q=

P^~_ LO@Ok.
~ u Q}HO ^ _l\ Q}HO
K= 1/R ^ K = 1/#Q^
x x+u
R = #Q^
x x+u
#Q^ x x+u =~# |\ ~ u $+ P^~_ #
z~Orq
29
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
#Q^ x x+u 25% J~` ~ u Q}HO
K= 1
25%
#Q^ x x+u 20% J~`, ~ u Q}HO
K= 1 = 5
20%
#Q^ x x+u 10% J~` ~ u
#Q^ x x+u 5% J~` ~ u
K= 1
10%
K= 1
5%
= 4.
= 10
= 20
nxx|\ ~ u Q}HxH, #Q^ x `xH ~}`H O|OÔ LOk.

#Q^ x Ò iy` ~ u Q}HO `Q ` Ok. XH" #Q^ x Ò `y` ~ u Q}HO

~QÒk.
~u $+ iq`:
1. ~ u $+ J<k #Q^ x x+u P^~_ #.
CRR
iQ Hn ~u $+ `Q#.
2. Ô #Q^: HO^ O Z= ^"x K=} LOz` O _ Z= _l@#

$+OKQ=.
3. "~ i` : ^" } HO ~ u $+ Z=Q#, =O^ i` ~ u $+ ` =Q
LO@Ok.
4. ^= à~ z Z=Q LO> ~ u $+ ` =Q LO_#
5. [ =^ Q p P iQ Hk O ~u ~Q#.
6. OHOQ J"@ : [ #Q^ |^ K ` " ^g x~ ~ u ~Q#.
7. H O^ O J#iOK ^= q^#O _ ~ u $+ P^~_ #.
8. ~ u $+ Q z^= (bH*) _ ~ u $+x iqÒ K Q=.
q=~ :
"~ b, Z_< H#< O_` O ~ u x $+O K= x J<#.
Z_< H#<, O# =# Qk (HH ~O) ` #.
H^~ , ÔÒ ~O Q#, J#= s`# O ^" x $+ x q+ }

# K#.
"Bankers are not merely buyers of Money, but in an important sense, manufacturers of money" R.S. Sayers.
z~Orq
30
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
"}[ O q^
"}[ O q^ # ~ O_ ~HQ =sHi ~ .
Z) ^qH q^, a) Q} q^ (J#+OyH q^)
"}[ O q^
^qH q^
_l@#
HiOK_O
~}#
W=_O
_=O_
_l@
J#+OyH q^
~ux
$+OK_O
K ûx
ÒK_O
Hiqu _l@
qOQ
_l@
H~O\ JHO\
_l@
H _
_l@
iHiOQ
_l@
ux^ q^
c= q", KO^ "^Q#q
KeO K@, =_ , _q_O_ = K @.
I.
^~} Q =
H~ ^ O HeOK@,
\"~ K *sK @
"^# q.
^qH q^
1) _l@ HiOK@ Wk ~ O_ ~HQ LO@Ok.
i)
_=O_ _l@ M`^~_ _=O_ K# "O@< OH~ uiy KeO K _l@.

Wq ~ O_ ~H.
Z) ^ _l@ [ ^# ÒK_O HO L Q_ ` ~.
g\ "Ò =_ LO@Ok.
a) H~ O\ _l@ U q^" # <\ O_ M`^~ J_y# "O@< ^=O#
=~`~. "~ , HOh g\x x~O \~. g\ ^~}OQ
=_ LO_^ .
z~Orq
31
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
ii)
H iqu _l@ g\x M`^~ O xs` HxH _l\ K~ .

xs` HO uiy fH=_xH g J=^.
Z) H _ _l@ XH xs` HxH XH "Ò _l\ K ^xx H _ _l\
JO\~. HO iQHn nx =K =_~ @ ~Q#. =#Ô Q _l@
Z= D ~H"#".
a) iHiOQ _l@ nx XHi ^ "Ò Q HO_ JOwHiOz# "~^
"` =# [=K _O [~Q#. ~ P^ =~ "i ^#
ÒKO^ Wq L Q_ #.
2) ~}# =OE~ K @
"}[ O HiOz# _l@# ~}Q =OE~ K #.
Z) H+ H _\ O g M`^~ #Q^ ~} WK#.
a) F=~ _ M`^~ `# H~ O\ M` L# x "Ò HO> JkH "`x "_<
H~x F=~ _ JO\~.
) Hi# `H}
" = K ~} O `y# gx LOKx H ZHO* H~ ,
O Ju HeH ~} WK#. ^~}OQ g\ Hiqu 15
~A qOK^ .
_) a _O\ M`^~ =^ L# a H iquH =O^Q< =_ q#~OKx
qye# "`x KeO K_x a _O\ JO\~. ^~}OQ a Q_ =
90 ~A LO@Ok.
3) ~ u x $+O K@
~ K #@ ''O #Q^ # XHi #Oz WOHHiH =~ O =`" H^, Jq
^"x $+O K O _. "}[ O =`# _l@ P^~OQ ~ u x $+ ~.
4) K û x U~@ K @
M`^~ `= _l@# " fH=_xH gQ O K û x " ># .
K ~ O_ ~H.
Z) ~~ K D K Hey# =HH P K # O =iOz# `H} " _| KeO K|_#.
a) H_ K D K # O =i, P K "`x K ^~ ~ [=K #.
z~Orq
32
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
II.
J#+OyH q^
Z) ux^ =, a) ^~} L Q =
Z) M`^~ ux^ Q#, U*O@Q# ==i O x~OK q^ # ux^

= JO\~.
a) O `= M`^~ J<H ~H H~# JOkOK#. g\x ^~} L Q =
JO\~.
HO@~ O` x~OK H~H# ZHxH OHOQ JO\~.
=#Ô O HO@sH~} ~OQ~[< Hq\, #~OO Hq\ K# "~

~OaOK_O [iyOk.
1950 J"iH _# ~ H~ "^@ H _\ H~Q ~OaOK_O [iyOk. WOQO_ 1966

~H O H _\ H~ H~x ~OaOzOk.
O *sK "\ KO^p H~ O HeOK O# =~O\ OHOQ JO^~.
"}[ O P - JC \
^~}OQ Z_=" # JC, _" P zOK_O [~Q#.
JC
1. =^#O
Z) PnH$ ` =^# O
a) *sK# =^# O
) KO^ =^# O
_) KeO K=x Hi# =^# O
W) KeO z# =^# O
2. i[~ O _
P
1. #Q^ x
Z) `= =^ L# x
a) H OÔH =^ LOz#q
) W`~ OH =^ LOz#q
2) Hi# `H}
" ` = H ==k =
K QeQ = (call money)
3) _O\ K# a
4) @|_
5) |} =i J_#
6) =<, iK~, n#~K#
P~ }
"^Q ~
3. _l@
4. M`^~ `~ # JOwHiOz# a
5. W`~ O #O_ f# JC
"}[ O P # \ H ^=` H= O KOK_O [iyOk.
z~Orq
33
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
"}[ O \OK x=
"}[ O ^ # H O # PiOK@. [ =^ #Oz HiOz# _l@# O
qq^ ~ @|_ @#. nx< ~ e @|_ JO^~. O @|_
>@
C_ (Z) ^=Ò, (a) ^ H`, () ^` J< =_ `# ^$+ LOKx
@|_ @#.
Z) ^=Ò _l@^~ Hi# #Q^ # "O@< W=Q O =~x ^=Ò JO^~.
a) ^H` O `= _l@ HO` QO @|_ @= LO@Ok. ~}
_ WK#. JC_ O =~. J~` Z= Qx PiOK@
L y O ^=` H `y =#.
O ^=`xH, ^
H` q= O|OÔ LOk. O ^=Ò iQHn ^ H`
`Q # .
) ^` ^=Ò ^ H` `@ ^$+ LOKH=# =_= JOO ^`. ^` L#
P < O [ =# @|_Q \e.
^#` ~OQ
1969 O *f~H~} `~ "` RBI P^#~O "}[ O ^#` ~OQ
~} W=_O ~OaOK#. #H~ ~ ` , LO` ~ ` , z# i= L^=^~,
O Lkx K> x~^Q q^=O`, "^Q "iH ~} W=_O =O\q ^#`
~OQ HO^ =~. 1980 RBI ^#` ~OQ 40% ~} W"<#. 1991
q` == O~} xqOK|_ #~O O Hq\ ^#` ~OQO J< =## #~
x~zOKx, "Ò O ~ u nx "\ 40% #Oz 10%xH `yO Kx ~ K#.
q^j O` ^#` ~OQO 32%.
=` =_~ @ D.I.R. (Differential Interest Rates) : nx |#=~ "iH qkOK =_ ~ @
` =Q LO@Ok. nxx 1972 " ># .
=lH OHOQ HO^ O q^=O`# x~^Q =` IRDP, PMRY =O\ ^H

~} JOk< ~.
i> OHOQ
Q$ ~}, qxQ ~} Z=Q =OE~ K ^ H" # i> OHOQ# Hx
O x~< ~.
#~O O Hq\ - 1991 - q`~ O Q O~}

q` == x~}x xf~# ijeOKO^ 1991 PQ ZO.#~O O J^ H` # Hq\x
z~Orq
34
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
xqOK_O [iyOk. #~O O Hq\, O *f~H~}

`~ "` KC H^y# Qu
L#\H O ^ H` `yO ^x ~<#.
~
Z)
SLR
# ^ "sQ 25%xH `yO Ke.
a)
CRR
# OK |^ |~OQ =~\ K~ P^~_ e.
) ^#` ~OQ# #~x~zOz g\H JOkOK ~} `x 10%xH `yO Ke.

_) =_ ~ @ x~
O =~\ =ke" e. =_ ~ @ ~~f ^ "sQ Zu"
e.
W) OHOQ ~OQO 4 JOK q^<x J= K x zOK#.
Z) OHOQ == g^ ` O L# RBI =i H O^ ` Ô^ xO`} q^<x ~^
K e.
Ò f# K~ =Y"# q
#~O O Hq\ ~ "~ SLR # 25% `yO K#.
10% LO` #Q^ x x+u (ICRR) # ~^ K#.

=_ ~ @ H= |nH~ }
`yOzi.
H` ~"@ O J#=u WK#.
xH O` O U~@ J#=uOK#.
OHOQ~OQ O~} #~OO Hq\x ~O_=i xqOK#. D ^ ~
(1998) :
Z) H= O`" # O, H= O`" # O` qb#O J"e.
a) Narrow OHOQ J< =## " ># . x~~H P 20% =~ L# |#"#
O `= x^ # #+
Ox HeH P =`" @|_ \x
~ K#. nxx Narrow OHOQ JO\~.
) =^# ~ x+ux OKx zOK#.
_) BSRB x ~^ K
e.

RBI
1656 _< Ô iH O i@ "@" ^\ H O^ O U~_Ok. 1694 OH

P WOQO_ O K|_Ok. Wk x~OK q^ P^~OQ D OH# "^\ H O^ OQ
QiOK_O [iyOk. 1800 OH P < O K|_Ok. 1914 _ ~ i[~ OH
z~Orq
35
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
~O H O^ OHOQ == J"iH ~O^_O [iyOk.

~`^ O H O^ O# i[~ O JO^~. nxH WOQO_x H OÔ P^~ OQ

xezOk.
=#Ô H O^ O O|OkOz# Hx H}
1773 O z# [#~ OH P
OQ c~ H#_ K#q. J~` Wk H" xKO k.
1921 =_ _h OH# He" WOi OH P WO_ Q U~@ Ki .

H O^ O q^ HxO\x Wk x~iOKk. L^ `xH OH~Q xKk.
1926 H~ h =i < < xqOK|_# ~ Hq+< (nx< Hilton young commission

JO^~) =#Ô XH H O^ O# O Kx WzOk.
1931 Ò U~@ K# O@ OHOQ ZOH s Hq\ _ RBI x U~@ K x

zOzOk. D K# "~ " \# a P"Ô Ok#k.
1934 i[~ O K@O K |_, 1935 U 1# i[~OQ U~_#k.
RBI
Hk=Ok Ku RBI "\ H OnH$Ò JQ@ <O H^x qOz 1949 [#=i 1# RBI#
*fO Ki .
20 =Ok` _# _~ H~ ~ LO@Ok. nx XH Q=~~, 4Q~ L Q=~~ LO\~.
1949 OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O H~O ~` OHOQ ==

LO@Ok.
"Ò ^= =~\
RBI
1974 #O_
=#Ô <} =^} O~, HH`, ^~^, <~_ H=.
WO_ < i\ <H #, i\ O\OQ - ^~^#, H~ h <\

-<H #,
O <\ -^"#, P^ xH H~ h <\ " ~,
x (x~}O L#q)#,
i\ ~ B+OQ^# H=.
5 H@ ~ =^# O`, XHH "\ 100 ~ KC# 5 H "\`

"\^~ OHQ U~_#k.
z~Orq
RBI
tY~Q O
RBI
H xO`}kH~O
(APEX)
H O^ H~O =O~ H^.

RBI
''# @~ J< HuH# KiOk.
36
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
HOÔ q^ :
HO^ O q^# O^H q^, Ja=$k~"# q^Q K=K.
O^H q^ :
I)
i)
H~ h <@ *s : H~ h <@ *s RBI Q`k ` O H^. XH ~~ <@ ` ~ O_

~ #Oz 1000 ~ =~ RBI =kOK#. ~` =}H ^="# ~~x,
~` q` =Ou`Y =kOK#. ~~ <@ PiH Y H~î O`HO LO@Ok. 1956
O=`~O =~ =#Ô <@ *sH J#` x û x J=OaOK"~. 1956 J#`
x û ~^ K Hx+ x û x <@ *s " \i . 1956 RBI =~} K@O H~O
515 H@ q= Q i[~ LO_e. 1957 nxx =iOz 200 H@ `yO zi. nx 115 H@
|OQ~ x HQ, 85 H@ q^j i\ ~O LOKH=K.
ii)
`xH O : H O^ `xH, [= Hj~ q# qye# ~R ` RBI `

OQ, U*O@Q ==iO k. Ò #Q^ x# _l\ ~O @H=_O, Ò
`~ # KeO K _O RBI qk. H O^, ~R ` 90 ~A H iqu` HeH
~}# =OE~ K #. g\< " JO_ g< J_# JO\~. J`=~ i` H O^,
~R ` F=~ _ H~ O# _ HeOK#. PiH ^= q^< `xH
WK#.
O O : f "}[ O `= _l@ HO` `x RBI =^ LOKe. nxx #Q^
x x+u JO^~. "}[ O H J~` Hey# a# s _O\ K #.
JOu= ~}^` : J`=~ i` "}[ O# RBI PÔ@Ok. JO^K RBI#
JOu= ~}^` JO\~.
H
iOQ x~OK@ : O W`~ O KeO K=#q, W`~ O #Oz
iOQ ^~ i+iOKH=K. H
iOQ
= K H=# "`# RBI U~@ K# H
xK@ RBI uxkQ SBI xK #.
~ u xO`} : RBI q^ Wk Ju =Y"# k. "}[ O $+O K ~ u =# PiH
== L^q OK ^"}, u^"} i` ~O_ ~ ` x kOKO^ "}[ O
H ~ u x RBI xOuOK#.
JO`~f ^= x^ # O~HO K@ : J< qkx _ RBI x~i O k.
~"H} q^ : =lH H# kOK@ OHOQ ==# x~t OK ^ ` i[~O^.
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
II.
Ja=$k~ " # q^ :
== Ja=$kH 1963 == #q` Ja=$k H~~+<# O K#. 1982 <~#
z~Orq
37
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
O KO^ H$+ KO k.
iqHa=$k QOQ
1964
=K~ H~}
, K ~}, tH}
H U~@ K#.
OH~ tH}
H =O~#, == OHOQ H }#, i[~O |Ok
H K< # H=.
^= =~\# Ja=$ki z ~ u x OOkOKO^ "^\ iQ 1952 a =~\ ^H x

~OaOK#.
RBI
UTI
IDBI, IFCI, SFC
# H$+ KO k.
# ^^_ O k.
^= q^#O :
^= q^#O iQ i[~ O O|OkOz#k. PiH == Hx P^~ H kOKO^

^=O ^~ RBI K> q^<x ^= q^#O JO^~.
PiH == ^"x " @_O =# =K [<# Qi+O K @, ^x=# HeQ ##

Hx+O K @ ^= q^#O.
^ = q^# H :
Z) ^~ ~ ` O, a) O~ L^y` kOK@, ) =~H ~ @ ~ ` O
_) PiHa=$kx kOK@.
^ = q^# ^< ^ ~ u xO`} ^< :

i[~ O Pn#O LO_ ~ u xO`} iH~# ^= q^# iH~Q iQ}O K=K.
~ u xO`} ^< ~ O_ ~H : Z) i=}`H ~ u xO`}
a) Q}`H ^ ZOH K# ~ u xO`}
Z) i=}`H ~ u xO`} (Quantitative Credit Control) :

nx< Blanket Method JO^~. nx "}[ O $+O K ~ u i=}x, ~ u =x
H OÔ xOuO k. i=}`H ~ u xO`} K~ HOk qÔ Q LO\~.
1. O ~ @ q^#O (Bank Rate)
2. |~OQ =~\ K~ (OMO open market operations)
3. K~x x+u
1. O ~ @ :
(Variable Reserve Ratio)
nxx s _O\ ~ @ Jx_ JO^~. ^= } a#, gQ LOz, "}[ O, H O^
z~Orq
38
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY

O =^ ~} fH<@_ H OÔ, "}[ O qkOK =_< O ~ @ JO^~.

~`^ O "}[ O, ~` i[~O #O_ U ~ @ ~} fO\ P ~ @#
O ~ @ JO^~.
JkH O ~ @ = H O^ O, "}[ OHK =_ ~ @ (~ u =O) ~Q#. "}[
O M`^~HK ~} =_~ @ ~Q#. JkH =_ ~ @ = ~ u OHzOK#.
^"} HO O ~ @# OK#.
PiH= O^ HO O ~ @# RBI `yO K@ ^~ ~ u x qi OK#.
H =_ ~ @ =~ = PiH H~H =~#x > qOK#.
n~H =_ ~ @ =~ = PiH H~H =~#x H# qOK#.
2011 " <\ ~ u q^#O O KOk# qq^ ~ @
2011 E<
O ~ @
: 6%
6%
C.R.R.
: 6%
6%
S.L.R.
Repo Rate
Reverse Repo Rate
: 24%
: 7.25%
: 6.25%
24%
7.50%
6.50%
Marginal Standing Facility
: 8.25%
8.50%
1951 O ~ @ 3%
1991 JH|~ O ~ @ Qi+O Q 12%# K~ Ok.

2. |~OQ =~\ K~ :
H OÔ Ò H i\#, |~OQ =~\ [, "}[ O, W`~ q`

O J=_x, H#_x |~OQ =~\ K~ JO^~.
RBI
^"} HO ` i\# RBI J=Òk.

PiH =O^HO ` i\# RBI H#Q K O k.
O ~ @` e |~OQ =~\ ==~ Z= H= O`" # q. H O^ O |~OQ =~\
K~ K\ #_, "}[ O #Q^ x#, `^~ Jq $+OK ~u i=}O
` HO Q =~ =~.

|~OQ =~\ ` i\# Jq#_, O, W`~ q` O "\x

Hx#_, "i =^ LO_ J^# ^=Ò RBI H |kb J=Òk. e ÒQ O ~ u $+
=~O `Q#.
z~Orq
39
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
` i\ O|OkOz# HeH ==~ Repo , Reverse Repo .

Repo (Re purchase operations): H
O^ Ò 1992 i\ q+ O " ># .
` i\# uiy RBI H#Q K _" ~
.
~
J<k HxH O|OkOz#k. (^~}OQ 15~[ LO_#)
"}[ O =^ #Q^ x H~`Q
L#_, ` i\# RBI =^ gQ LOz,
~} O^#. D HH ~} RBI qkOK =_ ~ > ~ (Repo).
J#Q OHOQ ==
^= ` H~` U~_#_, ` i\# #: H
O (Re purchase)
K _O ^~ RBI O ^= O K #. nx= RBI #Oz O ^= O |kb
J=Òk. `^~ O ^= Ò ~QÒk. ~ u qi OK|_#.
PiH =O^HO ~
~ @# `yO K@= ^= Ò ~Q#.
Reverse Repo: 1996 #Oz RBI 'i=~ ~
# " \O k. i=~ ~ ^= `x W=_H=_xH
(Absorption of liquidity) RBI i\# qH~ OK_O [~Q#.
O [=K x^ RBI KeO
K =_~ @.
` i\ RBI WK =_~
> i=~ ~ ~ \.
3. K~x x+u:
nx 2 Q Q=. i) C.R.R. ii) S.L.R.
i)
#Q^ x x+u (C.R.R.) : K@| Ô Q "}[ O `= =^Q "Ò _l@ HO` #Q^
x+ux H O^ O =^ LOK= LO@Ok. nxx #Q^ x x+u JO^~.
D C.R.R. x =~@ ^~ ~
u i=}x OK=K. `yO K=K.
C.R.R. 5% J~` ~
u i=}O 20 ~ @ ~Q#.
C.R.R. 10% J~` ~
u i=}O 10~@ ~Q#.
C.R.R. 20% J~` ~
u i=}O 5~@ ~Q#.
JO> ~
u i=}xH, C.R.R.H q= O|OÔ LO@Ok.
C.R.R. J<k `
HO Q "}[ O =^ L# #Q^ x=#, Jk W=QeQ ~} i=}x
=~ ` O k. D û x *.O H# =iOK#.
qye# ~
O_O\HO > Wk =~= OÒQ x K #. (CRR > OMO > BR)
^"
}HO C.R.R.# OK_O [~Q#.
199495 C.R.R. Qi+O
Q 15% LOk.
1934 RBI K@O
H ~O u "}[ O _=O_ _l@ 5%, Hiqu _l@ 2%,
i[~O =^ #Q^ xQ @=e LO_k.
z~Orq
40
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
i i )

1962 RBI =~} K@O ^~ _=O_ _l@, Hiqu _l@ J< `~`= O O_,
"Ò _l@ 3 #Oz 15% =~ #Q^ x x+ux OK JkH~O RBI Ok#k.
Q+< K@O H ~O f "}[ O
S.L.R. ( Statutory Liquidity Ratio): 1949 OHOQ ~
`# "Ò _l@ HO`Qx #Q^ Q Qx, |OQ~O ~O Qx, ` i\ ~OQx
`# =^ LOKH"e. nx< S.L.R. JO^~.
1991 O=`~O S.L.R. # 38.5% H RBI OzOk.
1991 q` == xqOK|_ #~OO Hq\ S.L.R. # ^"sQ 25%H `yOKx
zOK#.
RBI 1997 JH|~ #Oz SLR # 25%H `yO
K#. ` O 24%.
a) Q}`H ~ u xO`} ^ ZOH K# ~ u xO`} :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
^
^$ J=~O J~# ~OQ ~ u H~ HeOz, xH~" # ~OQ ~ u x
`yO KO^ L yOK ^< ZOH K# ~ u xO`}
. =#Ô 1956 O=`~O
"^\ iQ Q}`H ~ u xO`}
K~ # K> # .
1. =i# x~~ OK@
2. qxQ^~ ~ u xO`}
3.~ u ~ +xOQ
4. <uH^^
5. `H K~
=i# x~~ OK@: ~}O WK@_ gQ @ # i\ q=, O WK ~}xH =^
`_ =i<.
^" }HO =i<# OK#. H~`Q L# == # gQ \ ~}O fH<@_
=i<# OK#.
~ u ~ +xOQ: UU ~OQ, UU == LùH, ~ u x JOkOK H O^ O x~t O k.
qxQ^~ ~ u xO`}
: qxQ^~H K ~ u x _< "O\ =~ K @O ^~,
"~^ OY =~ K _O ^~ H= |Ô K~ .
1965 Credit Authorisation Scheme # " ># .
<u H L^^: \ "~ H~H (+< "~xH), ^
^$ =YO Hx
J=~ ~}e==^x RBI "}[ OHK # <u H^^ JO^~.
=#Ô "^\ iQ 1949 H O^ O \ "~ H~H WK ~}# `yO K=x
"}[ O# HiOk.
` H K~ : "}[ O xH~" # q^< J=OaOz#_, RBI "}[ O f<
K~# ''`HK~ JO^~.
W`~ ~u xO`} ^< PtOz# e` W=#_ RBI D K~ K_Òk. L^:
~} x~H~}
, s _O\ ~ @# x~HiOK@, ^= <b qkOK@, # ~^ K @
z~Orq
41
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
O\ ` H K~ .
=#Ô ^ = q^# J=x ^ :

1) 1952 1972 O=`~ =^ J#iOz# xOu` q~} ^: D HO ^= ~x
qi<, ^~ ~Q^# J^KOk.
2) 1972 1991 =^ kO^: D HO JkH ^~ LO_@= ^" }x, J^KO^
K~ fOk.
3) 1991 #Oz q~ }
q^#O: J =_~ @ q^#O J#i, q~ }
q^#O J#iOzOk.
=#Ô
i=}`H ^< HO>, Q}`H iH~# RBI Z=Q P^~_ O k.
KH = i Hq\:
~` ^= == xf~ gHO K_xH 1982 Y= KH= i Hq\x xqOK#. 1985

x"kH# =iOK#.
D x"kH =YO:
^~
s H~}
# kOK@ ^= q^#O =Y ^ OQ LO_e.
^=
~ ~Q@ H~}O, RBI `xH ^ Z`# ~ux ~ K@.
O `= qkOK =_~
@ Z= Ò` O He LO_e.
H
O^ |_\ @# uiy x~zOKe.
#~O O Hq\:
1991 q` == # , 1997 OHOQ == # #~O O Hq\ xqOK|_#.
=Y"# ~:
SLR # 25%H `yO
Ke.
^#`~OQ ~} 10%H `yO
Ke.
4 JOK OHOQ x~}O LO_e.
ARF (Asset Reconstruction Fund) U~@.
BSRB x ~^ K
e.
W`~ JO :

~.1000/- <@# #^" x JiH>O ^ 1978 `yOK#. uiy 22 O=`~ `~ "`

2000 O=`~O " ># .
1972 (DRI) ^`H =_~@ "\i.
" ~fH ''WO_ < qbxO _ l\ ^H x 2000 O=`~O SBI " \O k.
q^j =~H ^= x Oz, =oH~O Q * Ja=$kH L y~ . nx "Ki\ HO 5
O=`~.
SBI Q i[~O H 59.73% "\# H
O^ Ò H#k.
z~Orq
42
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY

= s O_OQ ~ \: JkH ~ u =~ OQ M`^~ O ~} Wz#_ = K

=_~@# P.L.R. JO^~.
JO|_=< ^HO: 1995 RBI nxx "\Ok. qxQ^~, M`^~ =
i+iOK@ " ># . O #Oz `y# u O^# H ` M`^~ `= =#
JO|_=<H x"kOKH=K.
OQ~ O_ ^H O : Q$ x~ QOQ L# |OQ~x "eH f L`^H` " =eOK@
SBI 1999 2000 |_\
D ^H x " ># .
J`kH q^j Op Hey L# O H P |~_, 2= #O SBI Q^. Z=Q =#
O Op UK Q=.
" @
~OQ O J#=uz# O=`~O 1993
<+# ~~ O U~@ K x Z<. [<~< ~ _ ~" O@s Hq\ ( == qÒ =i
~ u " O xqOK|_#) ~ K#.
~} =H "^\ Debt Recovery Tribunal HH` U~_Ok.
1990 ~. 10,000 Q O ~}# H O^ Ò ~^ K O k. 2007 _O|~ 31Q
~. 10, 000 =~ Q ~}# 2008 H O^ Ò ~^ KO k.
qxQ^~_H "~Q # = JOkOKO^ Q~i Hq\ 1990 O=`~O xqOK|_#.
1992 =~\ Oq Oz# O '*<H~=< Hq\ xqOK|_Ok. W^ O ~Ox"
q~ J^ H` # Q *~O\ ~" O\ Hq\ _ 1992 xqOK|_#.
+~ =~\ Ja=$k, xO`}
~ } Hq\ ~ "~ 1988 U 12# SEBI <Hei
(i\ JO_ ZHO* ~ P WO_ ). 1992 Wk K@ |^ OQ =iOk. nx ^ #
HOÔ =O~. SEBI J^_ .a." (C.B.Bhave).
<+# OQ OH: RBI J#|OÔ Q 1988 O K|_#. Q$x~}xH qÒ JOkOK@
Wk tY~Q O
<~, Qg} J=< ^ Ja=$kH XH xkx 1995 U~@K# (~~ W< H ~
_=" O\ O _ (RIDF).
[#~ W#~< al< (*f~H~}
) K@O 1972 ^~, 1973 [#=i 1 #Oz GIC *fO
J~Ok.
ATM # èiQ 1967 O_<
KOk# ~H O U~@ KO k. (WO_ HSBC)
"^\ iQ H_\ H~# "\# OH _#~H
~fK ~ O K|_ "^\ " \ OH OH AMAS (_O ~O_ 1994 nx
Hidiya Q O
z#k).
z~Orq
43
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
44
1911
1938
1907
1937
1895
(UCO) OH
14. <> _ H=i
12. x<
OH P WO_
13. <> _ OH
P WO_
11. O_H \ OH
10. O* <+# OH
1943
1950
1925
=O~
=O~
K<
K<
#_b
1906
5. H #~ OH
6. O@ OH
P WO_
7. ^< OH
8. WO_ < OH
9.WO_ < X=~ OH
OQ~
1906
1935
HH`
HH`
=O~
|O`~
=O~
}
HH`
=O~
3. OH P WO_
4. OH P =~+
H.Q.
IIOII
1865
1908
"}[ OH
1. JÔH
2. OH P |~_
One family, one Bank
Allen periea
~<
q<^< <~
S.A.\

M.S.O^~~
[<
S. N^~
Honours your trust
The Bank that begins with you
Good People to bank with
The name you can bank upon
Good people to grow with
Trusted family Bank
Serving to grow, growing to serve
The Guiding star
A.K.q
A.C.=[<
India's International Bank
A Tradition of trust
Slogan
M.D. Mallya
K~ </MD
K.R.H=`
=`QOn ~OaOK#.
Grameena Bank
` ~OQO Q ~ O_=
Ju^ "}[ OH
WO_ "^\ RRBx
#~ K# k.Prathama
q^ Oz ~OaOz# "^\k
W`~ JO
WO_ ~`# OH
q^ JkH Oz
He# k.
ECONOMY
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
1908
1931
1993
18. O* O^ OH
19. q[OH
(#OH P WO_
45
=O~
#_b
OQ~
O* <+#
#_b
A Friend you can bank Upon
Where service is a way of life
Where every individual committed
n Kî
with you all the way
Pure Banking, nothing else
OH qb#O J~Ok).
Albert Tauro
\.".
P~.Z.~ _
^~^
23. \ OH P aH<~ & * ~
1963
* ~
24. \ OH P \"#~ 1945
u~=#O` ~O
25. \ OH P WO_~
WO_~ (SBI qb#O H#Ok)
26. \ OH P " ~
OQ~
27. \ OH P ~+
~+
(SBI qb#O J~Ok)
(21 =Oz 27 =~ Q O SBI J#|O^ O. SBI ` He SBI Q JO^~).
=O~
Q + PQ~
28. IDBI OH
21. \ OH P \ 1917
22. \ OH P ^~^ 1924
20. \ OH P WO_ 1955
1943
17. XiO@ OH
PH =~ (OBC)
(= x 1969 *fO K |_# 14 "}[ O)

15. POÔH
1923
^~^
16. H~~+< OH
1906
=OQ~
Ju ^ "}[ OH
"^\Q K iOz#k.
" \ ~OQO #Oz =^# O
=~Ok.
Financial Results
H_\H ~ "^\ " \# k.
ECONOMY
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^~ ~ x~O
^= ~tx |\ ^~ ~ P^~_ #. ^= ~t Z= LO> ^~ ~ Z=Q#, ^= ~t ` =

LO> ^~ ~ ` =Q LO_#. J#Q ^= ~tH ^~ ~H J#= O|OÔ H^.
^~ ~ Z= LO> ^= O q= ` = LO_#. ^~ ~ ` = LO> ^= O q= Z=

LO_#. J#Q ^~ ~H, ^= O q= q= O|OÔ LO@Ok.
^~ ~ U qÔ Q x~~ OK|_< è*^ ^= ~t ÔÒ
1588 ^= ~t Ô`x W@b ^xH KOk# _"< *\ u kOK#.
r< _<# D Ô` = ~+_Q ~O\~.
1752 _q_ " _ ^= ~t Ô`x u kOK#.
J"iH KOk# WiOQ +~ 1911 "The purchasing power of Money"J< QOÔ XH

H= "# û ^= ~t Ô`x Ja=$k K#.
^ = ~t Ô` :
(Z) O^ ^= ~t ÔÒ ^ ^= ==~ Ô`= : WiOQ + ~
(a) H Oa_ ÔÒ ^ #Q^ x ^= ~t ÔÒ : H Oa_ PiH" `
() P^ = ^ ^ @|_ ÔÒ : H#
(_) P^xH ^= ~t ÔÒ : q< _ = <
Z) ^ = ==~ ÔÒ :
MV = PT J<
^=O q^ XH\ J~# qx= =^=O J< qkH + ~ ^#` WK#.
MV = PT M =
gH~}
O ^~ + ~ ^= ==~ ÔÒ# Ja=$k K#. nxx qx=
gH~}
O JO^~.
T=
^= i=}O,
"~ ==~
V, T
=~ O_ ~ O Q LO\x,
z~Orq
V=
^= K=} "QO ,
M
P=
Jx ~H ==~ Q@
^~ ,
Ò` K~t Jx, P JÒ` K~t Jx + ~

46
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
"O K#.
^= ~t iy` ^~ ~Q#. e ÒQ ^= O q= `Q # . ^= ~t `y` ^~ `Q # . e ÒQ

^= O q= ~Q#.
^= ~tH =i ^~ ` H, J#` O|OÔ H^.
~ u ^" x H xH fO> MV = PT J< gH~~ }

O MV+M1V1=PTQ =~#.
P = MV+M1V1
T
( M1 = ~ u ^= O, V1= iu
H|\
^= K=} "QO )
q=~:
V, T
Wk n~H xH =i O k. J#Q Hx qiOzOk.
~ O Q LO_=.
O~ L^y` LO@O^< " O iH^.
a) H Oa_ ÔÒ :
[ ^" x `= =^ LOKH=_xH H~`~ J< JOO P^~OQ ^= x ÔÒ K |_Ok.
WOQO_ KOk# H Oa_ qq^ " ` (=~, Q , ~|~ < ) ~OkOK@ =#

nxx H Oa_ ÔÒ JO\~.
^= q^ XH\ J~# qx= =^=O P^~OQ +~ ÔÒ K |_Q, q= xk J<

^= qk P^~OQ H Oa_ ÔÒ K |_Ok.
PiH == ^~ ~ Z=Q LO> [ `= =^ L# ^= x ` =Q L<x qOz,

"i =x `y ~ .
^~ LO_=# ~ HO> ` =Q LO> [ `= ^= x KQ L<x qOz "i

=x OK`~.
~|~ < gH~}
O:
M=PKT (K= "~
==~ H==k O=`~O QOQ)
=~ gH~}
O: M=PKY (Y = "q H *fÔ)
Q gH~}
O : M=PKR (R = "q H *fÔ)
z~Orq
47
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H Oa_ gH~}
O K, + ~ ÔÒx ^= ~ "QO V q=OQ LO@Ok.
1
^ K = 1
V=
K
+~, HOa_ gH~} =^ `_ : +~ ^=q^ XH\ J~# qx= =^=xH

^#`x=Q, H Oa_ gH~}
O q= xkH ^#`xK#.
+ ~ ^" x "~ ==~ H~ _=O_ K~x ~O>, H Oa_ PiH" ` ^" x `= =^

LOKH=_xH _=O_ K~ J<#.
+ ~ ÔÒx P ^~} ^~ ~x `Q, H Oa_ ÔÒx

`#.
+ ~ ÔÒx
+ ~ ÔÒ ^= ~ x =~# `Q, H Oa_ ÔÒ ^= _=O_x =~#

`Òk.
V,
qxQ = ^~ #
H Oa_ ÔÒx 1 =#O.

K
) H#, ^ @|_ ÔÒ ^ P^, = ÔÒ :

PiH == Z_ ^, @|_ =P#OQ LO\~. D ~ O\ =^ J=#` U~_`

=Ò ^|u##.
Z) ^ H< @|_ Z= LO> ^~ ~Q#.
a) @|_ H< ^ Z= LO> ^~ `Q # .
H# ÔÒ PiH == x~^y` L#_, O~ L^y` u L#_ _ ^~

~ =K =~# J^ #O K #.
_) P^ xH ^ = ~t ÔÒ :
zHQ x=i\H KOk# q< _=< 1956 The Quantitiy Theory of Money - a
Re-Statement J< QOÔ ^=~t Ô`x #ukOK#. ^=~t Ô`xH ~O_
rq`x Wz# ^` q< _= <. ^= q+ O ^"xH =`" ` LO@O^x ~<#. D
Ô`x #g# ^="Ô ^ ^="^ q=O JO\~. ^"x O^Q qOK#. ^=
_=O_ 4 JOP P^~ _ #. Jq - 1) Total wealth (both human & physical), 2) Proportion
of human wealth in total wealth, 3) Expected rate of return on money, 4) Other variables.
z~Orq
48
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^ = _=O_
^= _=O_ Ô`# 4 ~HQ K =K#.
1)
O^"^ ^= _=O_ ÔÒ : nx + ~ ÔÒ =Y"# k. gi H~O ^=O

qx= =^=OQ xK @K = =# H<O^ L Q_ #. H|\ ^"x _=O_
K~.
2.
#= O^ ^=_=O_ ÔÒ : nx H Oa_ PiH "` ukOzi. ^=O q= xkQ

xK @K, q +` Y~H ^"x _=O_ K~ .
3)
H# ^= _=O_ ÔÒ : H# H~O ^"x qx= ^# OQ =`" HO_ q=

xkQ _ L y~ . H# H~O ^= _=O_, ^=à~ zK x~~ OK|_#. ^=à~ z
3 JO P^~_ #.
Z) ^#Ok# ==~ LÔ
a) =O^ *Q` HO
(Transaction Demand)
(Precautionary Demand)
) JOK< "~O HO
(Speculative Demand)
^# Ok# ==~ _=O_, =O^ *Q` HO K _=O_ PÔ P^~_ #.

MT = f ( y )
JO> "~==~ ^= _=O_ PÔ` ^< `H O|OÔ He LO@Ok.

TD
PÔ
"~ ==~
^= _=O_
"~ ==~ ^= _=O_ =_~ @` O|OÔ He LO_^ .

TD
=_~@
"~ ==~
^= _=O_
z~Orq
49
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
JOK< "~ ^= _=O_ =_` q= O|OÔ He LO@Ok. =_~ @ iy` ^=_=_ `Q # .
=_~@
SD
POK< "~ ^=
_=O_
MSP = f ( i )
"Ò ^= _=O_ Md ` z
4)
Md = M1 + M2 = f ( y, i )
H# `~ "` ^= _=O_ Ô` :

H# `~ "` ^= _=O_ Ô` Z) = a) \a< ) _ = < Ô` =Y"# q.
Z) = W<O@s ÔÒ
= H~O "~ ==~ ^= _=O_ _ =_ ~
@` "HK` O|OÔ He LO@Ok.
=
, O "~ ==~H ^"x `= =^ LOKO> =_x H=e =O k. nx Interest
cost JO^~.
"~ ==~H ^"x LOKH"O> O_# #Q^H =~H"e. nxH ~"} =O,
H~ * Y~ KeO Ke. nx Non-Interest cost JO^~.
JO> ^"x #Q^ Q LOKH#@ = Interest cost + Non-Interest cost ~
O_ i OKe. JO^K
= , O ^"x `= ^Q~ LOKH=_O = J Y~# Hx+O Q LO_@@ K~ .
=~\ =_~
@ Z=Q LO> `= =^ ` = ^=O LOKHQ~`~. JO> "~ ==~ ^=
_=O_ =_~ @ q= OOÔ LOk.
PÔ iy` "~ ==~H LOKH< ^=O Z=Q LO@Ok. JO> P^xH, "~==~
^= _=O_ J#= O|OÔ LO@Ok.
H|\ Transaction Demand for money ~
O_ JO P^~_ #.
Z) =_~ @ (q= O|OÔ ) a) PÔ (J#= OOÔ )
a) \a< ~e ^= _=O_ ÔÒ

H# H~O = `= Px Z _ O_ ~O Qx, #Q^ ~OQx x K~ . \a<

nxx =u~dOK#. ^~}OQ = `= P# O`\ x XH ^x ~OHH, HO` Qx O_ g^,
HO` Qx #Q^ ~O LOK`~.
z~Orq
50
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
`= O^ HO` Qx O_ ~OH =i ^x u O =O k. Q =^# O =$k

[~Q#. J~` XHHi =_~ @ `Q @ = =^# O #+O _ Oq OK=K. JO> O^# O_
~OH =~@ = =^# O =$k [~Q= K ^ =^# O #+O _ [~Q= K.
O^#
^= ~O LOz` =$k LO_^ . #+
O _ LO_^ .
H|\ =
`= O^ ZO` QO O_ LOK`~? ZO` QO #Q^ LOK`~. J<k "i
=~# P^~_ #.
XH =H ZH= #+

x i OK@ ^ _ ` Z= Qx O_ ~O#, ` = #+
xH
^ _ ` ` = Qx O_ ~O# LOK`~.
=_~
@, O_# `= =^ LOKH=_xH ^< `H O|OÔ LO@Ok. (A Positive Relationship
between interest rate and bond holding). =_~
@ #Q^ # LOKH=_xH q= O|OÔ LO@Ok.
(An inverse relationship between interest rate and cash holding).
\a< H JOK< "~ ^= _=O_ J<k J`x ~ e ^= _=O_ XH QO.
) _=< ^= _=O_ ÔÒ :

nxx P^ xH ^=~t ÔÒ JO^~. _ = < H~O ^=~t Ô` =<k ^= _=O_ ÔÒ.
^=O O# O^# OK XH ^# OQ D ÔÒ ~<#.
^= _=O_# x~~
OK JO 4.
1. ^~ ~
2. P^~
3. ` =_~@
4. ^~} ^~ ~x =~ ~ @
^= _=O_ "^\ ~
O_ JO J~# ^~ ~, P^ ~` ` H J#` O|Ô He
LO@Ok. JO> ^~ ~ iy<, P^ ~ iy<, ^= _=O_ ~Q#.
^= _=O_ `~ "` ~
O_ JO# ` =_~ @, ^~} ^~ ~x =~~@` q= O|OÔ
LO@Ok. JO> =_~ @ iy` ^"xH _=O_ `Q # . ^~ ~ =i#_ ^=O q= =~Òk.
ZO` Z= ^~ iy` JO` Z= ^=O q= `Q#. ^=O q= `y#_ #Q^ x
LOKH#@ `y ^= _=O_ `Q # .
z~Orq
51
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^"}O (Inflation)
^~ ~ ~Q` ^=O H#Q H `Q @

^"}O.
Inflation as, "A State in which the value of Money is falling, that is prices are rising".
''JkH H~ h <@# *sK @ ^"}O - >
''` = =~ tx Z= ^=O `~= _" ^"}O _< (H|~ _ W^ J~O x~zOK#)

"Too much Money chasing too few goods".
''^~ ~ ~Q^ J#Q ^=O q= `Q_ " ^"}O - H^~ .
''xH_Q #, x~O`~O Q#, ^~ ~ =K ~Q^ ^"}O - ~
^ " }O - ~H
Z) H ^"}O u O=`~O ^~ ~ ~Q^ Ju ` = "`^ LO> ^xx H
^"}O JO\~. O=`~xH 3% HO> ` =Q LO_#.
a) #_K ^"}O u O=`~O 4% #Oz 5% ^~ ~QÒ> ^xx #_K ^"}O JO\~.
) iQ ` ^"}O O=`~O ^~ ~Q^ 10% =~ LO> ^xx iQ ` ^"}O JO\~.
_) ~ W<+ < O=`~xH 3 JOH OY# ^"}O Ki` ^xx ~ W<+ < JO\~.
H# =sH~ }
Z) HH ^"}O
PiH == O~ L^y` ~ K~_ xH =O^ Hx Lù H~H H~` =# Lù =O
iy ^~ iy` ^xx HH ^"}O ^ Semi inflation JO\~.
a) "q H ^"}O
PiH == O~ L^y` ~x Ki# `~ "` q+ _=O_ iy`, Lùx OK_xH g
H =_O =# ^~ ~Q#. D ~H" # ^"}x "q H ^ x[ ^"}O JO\~.
^~ xO`} ~x |\ ^ " }O =sH~ }

Z) |~OQ ^"}O
^~ ~Q^ xO`} Ò Z@=O\ K~ fHH=_O =# |~` O Q ^~ iy`
^xx |~OQ ^"}O JO\~.
z~Orq
52
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
a) J}z" |_# ^"}O

~ +xOQ, ^~ xO`} =O\ ` q^< =# ^~ ~Q^ J}z@|_#. Ò
xO`}# Zu" ^~ ~Q#. nx< J}z" |_# ^"}O JO\~.
^ " }O U~_ H~}# |\ =sH~ } ^ " } Ô`

Z) _=O_ i` ^"}O
q+ ~ HO> q+ _=O_ Z=Q L# H~}OQ ^~ iy` ^xx _=O_ i`
^"}O JO\~. nxH H~}O qxQ =O, @|_ =O, ` =O ~Q^ H=K.
a) = i` ^"}O
Lù = iy# H~}OQ ^~ ~ iy` ^xx = i` ^"}O JO\~. q
"`< ~Q@ Qx, =_^ ~ H~` U~_@ Qx, == OKH#@ Qx nxH
H~}O H=K.
~Q@ =# ^~
iy` P ~H" # ^"}x i` ^"}O ^ Markup
inflation JO\~.
) q= ^"}O
q+ ~ HO> q+ _=O_ Z=Q LO__O =i Lù =O ~Q^ H~}OQ
^~} ^~ ~ iy` ^xx q= ^"}O JO\~.
==
~H ^ _=O_ |kb ^"}x ~#k - K~ +.
^ " } q~=O
*.O.H# "How to pay for the war" J< QOÔ nxx ~<#. PiH == K~#<
=O, "Ò Lù q= H< Z=Q LO> "\ =^ =`x ^"} q~=O JO\~.
Hx =Y =#
^"}O x~O`~O ^~ ~Q@ (=~\ =# ^~ ~Q#). ^~ iQ@C_ Lù,

L^y` =$k KO^#.
Dis inflation : ^~ ~QK#C_ Ò f# K~ =# ^~ `y` ^xx Dis inflation
JO\~. nx ^~ `Q @
C_ Lù, Lk ~ `Q= . J#Q x~^y` ZO\ =O#
K O_ ^"}x `yO K@.
Deflation (u ^"}O) Wk ^"}xH =u~H" #
u . ^~ `Q K LO_ iu ^
^=O q= ~QK LO_ iu x _+ < JO\~. q+ _=O_ H~` =# Wk U~_=K. D
HO x~^y` ~Q#.
z~Orq
53
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
i+ < (Reflation) : PiH == u ^"}O L#C_ Ò f# K~ =# ^~ ~

iy` ^xx i+ < JO^~.
W<+<#, i+<# ^~ ~Q#. J~` W<+< ^~ ~Q^ =~\ =#

[iy`, i+ < ^~ ~Q^ ` K~ =# ~Q#.
_+<, _<+< ^~ `Q#. D ~O_O\H ^#"# `_ _+< =~\ =# ^~

`Q# =i x~^y` ~Q#. _<+< ` K~ =# ^~ `Q#. Lù, L^y`
K_ =O K^ .
W<+ < =i _+ < ~ O_ K_" . ~ O_O\ _+ < =s K_k . H# H~O ^"}O

J<O, u ^"}O PK~}
QO H^. Inflation is unjust, deflation is inexpedient of the two
deflation is worse.
Stagflation (Q+<) :
^~}OQ ^"} HO L^y` ~ @ ~Q#. JO> ^~ ~Q^`@ PiH= $k [~Q#.

Hh qzÒQ XH" ^~ ~Q`, =~" | ` ^ x~^y` He LO> ^xx Q + <
(Stagflation) JO\~. =<
D ^x L yOK#. D HO ^"} ~ Z=
LO__" HH x~^y` ~ Z=Q LO_#. Wk Q< + < { W<+ < J< ~ O_ ^ H~H.
nxx Inflationary Recession Jx _ JO\~.
^"}O - H~}
^"}xH =YOQ ~ O_ H~} H=.
1. _=O_ ~Q^# ~ OK JO
Z) ` =O ~Q^, a) [< ~Q^, ) ` @ |_\, _) [ qxQO
~Q^, W) ^= q^#O, Z) ZQ=` ~Q@, l) Ò ~O f# |}
uiy KeO K@, K) ^= ~ ~Q^.
2. ~ `Q ^ # HeyOK JO
Z) H$u "s`, a) Lù H~H ~ H~`, ) "~ ==# ^z"@,
_) qxQ^~ _ =O^Q< == # Hx x K @, W) JkH "`# ~ @, Z) JkH #
~ @, l) Lù^~ JkH x~~ OKH#@, K) JO`~f JO.
^"}O - "
Z) Lù ^"} =O
"`^ iQ ^"}O PiHa=$kH ^^_ #. PiH == O~ L^y`~ Ki#
z~Orq
54
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
`~ "` ^"}O Lù ^+"x K#. J~ ` U~_@, ^ `Q @

, pH\ |*~
U~_@, = <}` `Q @
"^Q#q.
a) O} =O
^"} HO O^ ^, =^ `~Q u [ #O_ ^x H =~ |kb JQ#. e ÒQ P^
J=#` ~Q`~. ~ PÔ H"~, r` O^ L^Q, |}^`, "`< O^
qH =~O "~ #+ `~. |}Q `, +~ =~\ "\^~, ==O K ^ =
a O^`~.
O O^"~
#+O O^"~
- |} Q `
- |}^`
- "~
- qxQ^~
- Lù^~
- ~ PÔ O^"~
- "\^~
"`< O^"~, O K# ^~, J^ , @HO

P^~_ " ~, _O K~ #, ~ =_x OÔ^
O @|_ >"~, r` O^
L^Q "^# "~ #+ `~.
(Share holders)
- O` ==O K ^ =
- H =~\OQ K "~.
~ " # @Hx O^ = _
#+ `~.
) ` H~H ^"} =O
` * =O ~Q#. < =O ~Q#.
_) q^j KeO +O ^"} =O
^~ ~Q@ =# ZQ=` `Q # . =~" kQ=` ~Q#. e ÒQ q^j KeO
+O @ U~_#.
W) qxQ= ^~ ~Q@ =# qxQ= `Q # .
x"~} K~
^"}x xOuOKO^ Ò f< K~ ^= q^#O, H q^#O, #O}
q^#O, ^~ q^#O, Lù q^#O, P^ q^#O.
Z) ^ = ~" # K~
^"}x xOuOKO^ H OÔ Hi# ^= q^<x J=OaOK#.
Z) O ~ @ ^"} HO O ~ @# OK#.
z~Orq
55
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
a) #Q^ x x+u (CRR) : ^~ ~Q^# xOuOKO^ CRR # OK#.

) |~OQ =~\ K~ ` i\# =~\ RBI J=Òk.
qxQ^~xH ~ u Qi+ iqu qkOK@, _<"O\ OK@, "~^ OY# `yO K@,
=i## OK@ O\ Q}`H K~ ^~ "}[ O JOkOK ~ u " =~x
xOuOk.
H= hx x~kOKO^ JkH q= Q H~ h <@# K=} #Oz `yOK#.
a) H~ " # K~
Z) Ò `# =x `yO K#
a) `H ## OK#
) [ #O_ ~}# fH##
_) qQ |_\ # J=OaOK#
) #O} q^#O
\ "~x *fO K @, *O} ==# J=~ K@.
_) ^~ q^#O
^~ Qi+ iqu qkOK@.
W) Lù q^#O
==, iqH ~OQ L`` # OKO^ K~ fH##.
Z) P^ q^#O
`|^" # "`< , r`, O K# x~~ OK@.
l) kQ=` J#=u, ZQ=` x+Ô .

e ~ Y
x~^y` ~ @, ^= "`< ~Q^ ~ @ =^ Q O|O^x è*^ e ~ Y.
Z._| .e "The Relationship between unemployment and Rate of change in money wage Rates
in the UK" J< "O x~^y` ~
@ "`< ~Q^ q= O|OÔ LO^x ~<#.
^"} ~ @
x~^y` ~ @
z~Orq
56
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
e è* q= O|OÔ HxH =`" KO^#. n~H O x~^y` ~ @ "`<

=~ ~ @ q= O|OÔ LO_^x q< _ = < ~<#.
D H~}O = e ~ Y Y JHxH =O`~O Q LO@O^x _ = < JaO.
LPC
^"} ~ @
x~^y` ~ @
^ " }O - H`
~`^ O ^~ =~# ~ O_ p Q} ~ .
Z) WPI
a) CPI
PiH q^< wholesale price Index x, H PiH q^< consumer price index x
fO\~.
A) WPI (wholesale price index)

Economic Adviser to the Government of India (Ministry of industry)
"~ nxx K i~ .
"^\ i 1942 nxx Q}O K#.

=# Ô
^"}x \ ^~ p (WPI) ^~< Q} < ~.
W\ =~ WPI x~}xH f# P^~ O=`~.
195253, 196162, 197071,
198182,
199394,
200405.
Jal` < J^ H`
# =iOQ Q P^~ O=`~x 199394 #Oz 200001H =~=x ~
K#. =~ Ò nxx =iOz 200405 OIIx P^~ OIIQ fH<#.
`
O ^"} Q}OH# < (Monthly) XHi q_^ K < ~.
WPI x~}O fH< JO# ^ #OQ 3 ~HQ ql
OK=K.
Commodities
H == )
1. Primary Articles ^q
Weight
No. of Commodities
20.12%
102
2. Fuel, power, light & lubricants (WO^#
O, H, \ , aHO\) 14.91%
19
3. Manufactured products (=#H~ ==
)
64.97%
555
100.00
676
^q
H == =~ 3 ~H. P~ == , P~ `~ == =i q#~. gx P~
== JkH ^#` (14.34%) Q^.
WO^#
O H \ , aHO\ _ 3 L JO# He L<~. Q Q#, Yx[ #< (Minerals
Oils), q^`. gx q#~ J~ JkH ^#`# (9.36%) He L#q.
z~Orq
57
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
=#H~ == 13 L JO# He LOk. gx Chemicals & their products J< JOO JkH
^#`#, Food products J< JOO ~ O_= <x Wood products J< JOO Ju ` = ^#`#
He LOk.
WPI JkH ^#`# =#H~ ==
He L#q. JO^K P~ == ^~ iy, =#H~
= ^~ `y` ^"}O `y #@ HxO k. Hx =#O ~A"s H~H QOQ "_ =
^~ `QH =K. 2009 OII D iu =#= Z^~<O.
WPI ^# O q^, P~QO, ~"}, O\ =# iQ}O
K^ . *fÔ Q QO
=^. Q ~E =#O = Z= =O K O \O. JO> ` ^"} p "" xH
^~OQ LOk.
t= ^ WPI H |^ PPI (Producer price index) x qxy<
~. nx Jx = He
LO\~. JH_ WPI< PPI JO^~.
=sH~
}
4= Q =, 5= Q W`~ JO Ki WO_ CPI (IW) =O k.
a) CPI ( Consumer price-index)
=[O qq^ =~ [ r= u
Q` `H<O^ CPIx Q} ~ . =# Ô 4 ~H
CPI# Q}
~ .
1. CPI - IW
Consumer price-index for the industrial workers 260 JO =i = fH|_#.
nxP^~ O=`~O 2001 ("^\ P^~ OII 195859).
<"s ukHQ 76 H
O^ Q}OH Hi~ .
Ò L^Q H~ = `
x (DA), nx ukH Q< H\ ~ . "`# =~} O O _ nx
P^~OQ< "`# =~} K #.
2. CPI - UNME (Consumer price-index for the urban Non-manual employees.)
nx P^~ OII 198485. nx <"s Q}
~ .
WO_
LO_ q^j HOh xK L^Q DA nx P^~OQ x~~ ~ .
P^ # K@O
'Capital gains' q= x~~ OK@ L y~ .
GDP Hx '= "\# _\
K _xH H O^Q}
OH O L yO k.
3. CPI-AL (Consumer price-index for Agricultural Labourers)

P^~O OII 198687

<"s ukHQ 600 Q= #Oz Q}OH Hi~ .
qq^ ~ == q Hh "`<
=iOKO^ L Q_ #.
4 CPI-RL
(Consumer price-index for the Rural Labourers)
nx P^~ O=`~O 198687. nx _ <"s H ~ .
~`^ O ^ " }O ^~}

"^\ OK=~ }oH HO \ ^~ p 17% `yO k.
z~Orq
58
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
~ O_= OK=~ }oH HO #Oz =#Ô ^"} Xu_ ~O= ~.
1991 PQ ^"}O 16.7%Q #"Ô k.
=#Ô qxQ ^~ px, \ ^~ px ~ O_O\x ijeOz#C_ WPI HO> CPI p

q= Z=Q LOk.
=#Ô ^= ~ x ~Q^, ` =Ox ~Q^, @ ^=O, # ^=O, O

~ u q~ }
, _=O_ " ^"}x OK`<~.
H$ u " s `, ie` ^~ ~Q^, x`=~ == ^z"`, \eO L``

^~ ~Q^ "^Q#q ~ " ^"}xH H~}= JO.
200809 JO`~f WO^# O, =^ ~ ~Q@K =#Ô WPI P^~ ^"}O iyOk.

J~` 200809 OII =^ JO`~f P~, = ^~ `Q @
K WO_ ^"}O `Q_ O
~O" O k.
200910 =#Ô
^"}O `Q K E #Oz PQ+ =~ ~}`H ^"}O #"Ô k.
|`=< "
O, Hx O` H~ = = P~ JO ^"}O, JO`~fOQ K=~
^~ _ =_O` P~ `~ JO =OÔ WO_ <HOk. JO> =O^xH, ^"}xH Qi
J~Ok. 200001 #Oz 200910 =^ Q@
^"}O 5.3%.
"iH ^"}O (Ò)
200405
6.48
200506
4.43
200607
5.42
200708
4.66
200809
8.39
200910
3.60
2011-=i 8.98
200910 U _O|~ =^ ^"}O 1.63% HQ ^q
H == 8.78%, WO^# O, q^`
\ , aHO\ () 6.35% =#H~ == 1.77% #"Ô k.
P~ ^"}O :
^q H == *a` Q Food Articles (14.34%) =~x, =#H~ = *a` Q Food

products (9.97%) =~x He Food index `
~ K~ . WPI nxH 25.43%) ^#` LOk.
aO, Q^ =, Le |OQ^ O, C ^< (=YOQ HOkC ), #< JkHO ^~
iQ~.
=YOQ OK^~, C
^<, ~Q, O_, H^< ^~ ~Q^ = P~ ^~
= U~_Ok.
OK^~ Lù WO_
X_^_ (cyclical in nature) =O He LOk. 200708 263 LT
z~Orq
59
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H @# OK^~ LùHQ 200910 160 H @# _ ~Ok. Hx OK^~ _=O_

230 LT. Wk OK^~ ^~ ~Q_ xH H~}"O k.
C
^< ~` kQ=u ^~Q< LOk. Lù HO>, _=O_ Z=Q LOk. Q Ys C
^< Lù `Q # .
=i 200809 99 qe< @# Lù HQ 200910 86 MTQ JOK< " |_#. Wk _
JkH ^~ H~}"O k. O*, Kf _ #Oz JkHO Q =ix Hi~ .
~`=< "
O, =~^ ~Q Lùx `yO z#k. ^< `Q_ O ` Lù _ `yO k.
J~` O
K P~ ^"}O` e (O K O K iOz#k) =# P~ ^"}O ` =Q<
LOk.
Housing price index (HPI) : GDP
x~} ~OQO "\ (~ ^~ ) 200809 8% Q#, i Z\ W`~ al< = "\

9.2% Q# LOk. ~ +_x s Q ^~ Hê H# H#Q<O^ National housing Bank
RESIDEX# 2007 ~OaOz#k. nx P^~ O=`~O 2001 HQ D =^ 2007H =ii.
~OO 5 #Q~# `~ "` 15 #Q~# nxx Q}O K"~. J~` nx x["# *f pQ
=~O^ JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal mission) zOz# 63
#Q~ qi Ozi. 2009 OQ~, ^~^, * ~, Hz Z=Q =O^x Z^~<~.
^"} x"~} Ò f# K~ :
20 qII @# ax Ys =~\ [< (KMS) ^~, 25 qII @# Q^ =# ~c =~\ [<

(RMS) ^~ HiOK#.
î^ ~
Y kQ=## "iH (BPL) aO H r ~II 5.65, JO`^ J# [# (AAY) =~xH H r
3 ~II, (Q^ = 4.15 ~II, 2 ~II) *s K#.
Z) ^=K~ QOQ 2010 ^= q^#O CRR, ~ i=~ ~ # OK#.
a) H K~ QOQ, aO, C ^<, #<, OK^~ kQ=uH kQ=u OH# `yO z
# fHK#. i< P~ kQ=` OHx 7.5% H `yO K#.
X< [#~ < (OGL) HO^ OK^~ kQ=uH J#=uOK# (zero duty)
) i<K~ QOQ PDS WK H\HO> J^# OQ aO, Q^ =# JOkOK#.
National Agricultural Co-operative marketing federation (NAFED) ~ J^# ax,
Q^ =# JOkOK#.
National Co-operative consumers federation (NCCF) _ ~ ax, Q^ =#
JOkOz#k.
=u aO, =O@#< ZQ=` x+Ô
.
C
^<, OK^~, #<, aO x iqu qkOK#.
aO, OK^~, Future Trading x+Ô
.
a_ ~, H
Oê` O` C ^<, #< O}.
Hh =^`
^~ # OK#. =iH 200910 H, HO\H 950980 =i ~II 50 #.
z~Orq
60
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^"} Ô`=:
1. O^ Ô`=: + ~ nx H=û q=iOK#. ^=~ ~Q_ O = ^"}O U~_#.
2. #=O^ Ô`=: H Oa_ H~O ^= _=O_ =~ ^"}xH H~}O.
3. H# Ô`=: q+ _=O_ ~Q@= ^"}O U~_#. qxQO / @|_ / `=O
~Q@= q+ _=O_ ~Q= K. O~ L^y` =^ AD iy` ^~ ~Q#. JO` ~O
^~ iy< Jk ^"}OQ =|_^ .
4. ^="^ JaO: + ~ JaxH Wk "~Q^. nxH q< _= < <H` O =OK#.
"Inflation is always and every where a monetary phenomenon" Lù HO> ^=i=}O
~Q@ ^"}O.
5. P^ xH ^"} Ô`: ^~} ^~ ÔÒ=, ^~~ _ q+ _=O_, q+
~ P^~_ #. x*xH Wk O^, H< Ô` O^#O.
(Z) _=O_" (demand - pull factors)
(a) ~" (Cost push factors) H~H ^"}xH H~}
A) Demand - Pull - Inflation:
nxH ^=, "= H~H H~}Q L#q.

LùHO > ^=~ Z= LO__" LO__" ^=H~HO .
_=O_ i` ^"}xH "= H~H
i) ` =O~Q^
ii) # ~
@ `yO K@
iii) @|_ ~Q@
iV) ZQ=` ~Q@
V)
kQ=` `Q @
B) Cost - Push - Inflation:
Wk UH= H = U~_#.
i) qH O
|OQ LO_ "`< OKHQe` `^~ Wage - push inflation U~_#.
ii) UH=, iq`= LO_ OKO> Profit - push inflation U~_#.
iii) ~
`Q @
= Supply - shock inflation U~_#.
L^: 2009 O@ " O P~ ^"}O U~_#.
z~Orq
61
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
|_\
_\ J< Ô Bougate J< O K Ô #Oz fH=_" O k. nx J~O (Sack) Oz. ~*OQOx

112= JkH~ }
|_\ J< ^xH |^ Annual Financial Statement of Central Governament
J< ^x "__O [iyOk.
|_\ J<k xs` =xH K =x, ^x H~ =~< P^x zOK#.
~" O@ |=i < z=i x k#O# _\ " _`~.
=#Ô PiH O=`~O U 1= `n# ~O= ~, =i 31=`n` =QO k.
|_\ =_ O=`~ KOk# 4 Q}OHO\~. L^~} 28022011 ~" O@
" \# |_\ HO k JO LO\~.
Z) 200910 O=`~=# KOk# "= Q}OH
a) 201011 O=`~=# KOk# |_\ JOK<
) 201011 O=`~=# KOk# i"* _ JOK<
_) 201112 O=`~=# KOk# |_\ JOK<
|_\ =_ Q LO\~.
Z) Consolidated Fund (O \` xk)
a) Contingency Fund (JQO`H xk)
) Public Account ( ` M`)
= J~# ~|_, ~}, =i W`~ ~|_ Consolidated FundH [= K~. Ò
= xqÒ nx #Oz _| fH"O> ~" O\ J#=u ` xi. Annual Financial statement O|OkOz# D Q< (~` O \` xkH O|OkOz# D Qx) ^~}OQ |_\

JO^~.
J`=~O Q J#Hx =O Z^~ # _, ~+ u Y~KO^ L^t OK|_#^ HO\<* h O _
(JQO`H xk)
z#"` ^, q_O\ O _, `, rq` c= "^# "\ ^~ = J~#
"`x ` M` [=K~ . nx #Oz K Y~ ~" O\ J#=u J=~O ^ .
O=`~xH XHi ~OkOK|_ |_\ # ^~} |_\ Jx, ~[H J~ ` O, Ô O\
"`=~}O Oq Oz#_ O=`~O H#, ` = H ==kH ~OkOz# |_\ # =^ O`~
|_\ Jx JO\~. P^~ ` `èH |_\ # " _`~. XH ~HO Q g\x 'F\ P<
JHO\ JO\~.
z~Orq
62
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
|_\ H :
PiH =$k kOK@, Oè` Of Ja=$k

P^ J=#` `yO K@, ^ @|_# ÒK@
O~ L^y` ^# =i ^~ ~ ` O
|_\ ~H :
|_\ # =_ ~HQ K =K.

Z) Oè` |_\ : `xH =z# ~|_, =O =#OQ LO> ^xx Oè` |_\
JO\~.
a) @ |_\ : ` ~|_ HO> =O JkHO Q LO> ^xx @ |_\ JO\~.
) qQ |_\: ` =O HO> ~|_ JkHO Q LO> ^xx qQ |_\ JO\~.
|_\ x Q:
~ "# |_\ ^ ~ "# M`
II) =^#
|_\ ^ =^# M`
~"# |_\:
~ "# |_\ ~ "# ~|_, ~ "# =O K|_#.
=^# |_\ :
=^# |_\ =^# ~|_, =^# =O K|_#.
"Ò ~|_:
~ "# ~|_, =^# ~|_ He "Ò ~|_Q K =K.
"Ò ` =O:
~ "# =x, =^# =x He "Ò =OQ K =K.
I)
I)
~ "# |_\ :
~ "# |_\ ~ "# ~|_, = LO\~.

1) ~ "# ~|_ :
~ "# ~|_ J<q `xH =K PÔ ~O LO_#. ` ~ "# ~|_ ~ O_
~H
Z) #~|_ a) < `~ ~|_
Z) # ~|_ :
z~Orq
63
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
Wk ` H #, ~H # ~|_Q LO@Ok. P g^, PÔ # qkOK ## ` H

# JO\~. L^: PÔ #, H~~+< #. ` H # Z=i qkOK|_` "~
Ke ~ . # ~x |kb K _xH g J=^.
# è~O XHi< , JOu= ~O "~Hi# LO_ ## ~H # JO\~. nx #
~x |kb K @ gO@Ok. ^~}OQ == # , =# , W\O\ ## qk~ .
L^: H" OH, ZH * OH, J=H #, "#.
# KeO
Quid - Pro-Quo LO_^ .
J#Q # KeO # =# u x O^= .
a) < `~ ~|_ ^~ _ Ò PÔ O^#.

Z) "}[ ~|_ L^~} , ~ , q^KH , \ (Tolls), Ò ~}O Wz#C_
=K =_.
a) `~OQ O #O_ =K _q_O_
) i< ~|_ (L^ A
, [i=<, Z\ "^Q#q)
~ "# ~|_ < `~ ~|_ HO> # ~|_ Z=.
2. ~ "# =O

Ò H ^# Ok# ==~ QOQ ^~}, i<, W`~ = J =x
~ "# =O JO\~. ~ "# =O =# PiH == ZO\ #`# P $+O K|_=.
~ "# =x Z) }oH =O, a) }oH`~ =O Jx ~ O_ ~HQ ql OK=K.
}oH =O Z) H O^ }oH =O, a) ~, H Oê` O` H O^ Ò

WK O QQ LO\~.
}oH`~ =O =_ KeO , a_, ~H}

=O, O K# , ^~} # "^Q JO
LO\~.
}oH`~ ~ "# =O =_ KeO JkH QO Y~ J=Òk.
~ "# =O }oH ~ "# =O HO> }oH`~ ~ "# =O Z=Q LO@Ok.
` =x =~H ~HO Q _ =sHi ~ .

Z) Ja=$k =O L^ O H, =lH, PiH =, Ja=$k xqÒ ~ WK O,
a) Ja=$^` ~ =O =_ KeO , ~H}
"^Q#q.
z~Orq
64
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
~ "# |_\
~ "# ~|_
# ~|_
~ "# =O
< `~ ~|_
"}[ ~|_
(L^:~,
`H #
~H #
"II)
L^ : P^ # L^: ZH *
_q_O_
_\
H~~+< #
(L^: PSU
H" OH
O^ #
)
"\
|=u #
i<
" #
Z\ _\
~|_
q<^ #
(L^: A
,
#,
Z\ "II)
II)
}oH =O
}oH`~ =O
Z) H O^ }oH
=O
a) ~,
H O^ e`
O`,
H O^ `
O
=_ KeO
~H}
=O
a_
~ ` ~}
" @
=^# |_\
|_\ ~ O_= Q" # =^# |_\ =^# ~|_, =^# =O LO\~.

Z) =^# ~|_ P `yO K_O ^~ Qx, JC $+O K@ ^~ Qx =^# ~|_x
O^=K.
=^# ~|_ i) ~} =, ii) @|_ LO ~}, iii) ` P J=HO. D
=_O\x ` P # `yO K ~|_ JO\~. iv) #`# ~} fH#@. (D ~}
Ô #Oz Qx qÔ #Oz Qx O^=K.)
a) =^# =O

O=`~O HO> Z= H iqu Hey# Ò K =x =^# =O JO\~. nx=#
PiH == #`# P $+OK_O [~Q#. L^ O` H#Q, #`# *
x~}O.
=^# =x }oH =O, }oH`~ =O Jx ~ O_ ~HQ ql ~ .
}oH H \~Oz# =xH O|OkOz#k =^# }oH =O.
~H}
=^# =O, `~OQ O WK ~}, H Oê` O`, ~ WK
~} "^Q "\x }oH =OQ K =K.
z~Orq
65
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
=^# |_\
=^# ~|_
JC# $+O Kq
=^# =O
P # `yO Kq
L^ : |} =
` P J=HO
@|_ LO ~}
}oH =O
}oH`~ =O
^j ~}
q^j ~}
- Q$~OQO #O_ =K
JkH~ ~}
~"\ ~}
z# "` ^
- ` i\# J=_O
^~, "}[ O ^~ ~}
- #`# H~ h =^}
"Ò |_\
Jx ~H ~|_, Jx ~H = He "Ò |_\ Q.

"Ò ~|_ ~ "# ~|_ { =^# ~|_
"Ò =O }oH`~ =O { }oH =O
"Ò =O, "Ò ~|_ =#OQ LO> =` |_\ Jx, =O Z=Q LO> @ |_\
Jx, ~|_ Z=Q LO> qQ |_\ Jx JO\~.
@ |_\
1929H ~O O^ PiH" ` qQ |_\ ^#` WK~.

1929-33H =^ OqOz# OK PiH=O^ HO = ~ HO> _=O_ `=Q
LO_@ =# ^~ `y O K ^ PiH= O^ H~ z<~. JO\ =O *.O.H#
1936 "General theory of Employment, interest and money" J< QOÔ @ ^=O
H ^#`# q=iOK#.

PiH =OÔ @ ^=O =# ^= ~ iy, PiH H~H qi Oz, @|_
Lk PÔ iy, == _=O_ iy, PiH == uiy OAH##.

|_\ P^x qOz =O K|_` @ U~_#. @ qq^ ~H.
1. ~ "# @

|_\ ~ "# ~|_ H<, ~ "# =O JkHO Q LO> ^xx ~ "# @ JO\~.
z~Orq
66
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
~ "# @ ~ "# =O - ~ "# ~|_

`xH ` O =z# PÔ HO>, ` qxQ =O Z=Q LO> D @ U~_#.
PiH OH = O ^$ Wk #"# @.

~ "# @ (}oH { }oH`~ ~ "# =O) - (# { < `~ ~|_)

q.\.H$+= Ki Hq+< K# "~ "^\ }oH ~ "# qQ q^<x J#iOK#.

~ "# @# =^# |_\ #Oz s K~ .
2. |_\ @

Ò "Ò ~|_ H< "Ò =O JkHO Q LO> |_\ @ U~_#.

|_\ @ "Ò =O - "Ò ~|_
(^)
|_\ @ (~"# =O { =^# =O) - (~"# ~|_ { =^# ~|_)

|_ \ @< over all Budget deficit JO\~ .

#`# H~ h <@# =kOK@ ^~ nxx s K~ .
3. H @

^= q^#O xqOK|_# M" KH= i Hq\ K# "~ =_= @ J~# H@#
1997-98 #O_ Q} < ~.

H@ |_\ @ { =~\ #O_ Ò Ok# ~} (^)
H@ "Ò =O - (~"# ~|_ { ~}`~ ~|_)

~}`~ ~|_ J#Q ` ~} =, @|_ LO ~} ^~ =z# ~|_. J#Q
nx =~\ #Oz O^ ~} LO_=.
H@ "Ò =O - ~} Hx "Ò ~|_

Wk Ò H =Q" # @ H=#O

H@# H` ~} fH=_O ^~, #`# H~ hx =kOK_O ^~ s K =K.
4 . Monetised Deficit :

#`# H~ hx =kOK@ ^~ s K |_ @# Monetised deficit JO^~. D @ =#
PiH == H= O`" # ^=O iy, ^= ~ iy, ^"}O iQO^ J=HO LO_#.
Wk H@ QO.
5. ^qH @

H @H, =_ KeO H Q =`" ^q H @.
^q H @ H@ - =_ KeO
nx< ^q H @ JO\~.
6. xH~ ^qH @

xH~ ^q H @ ^q H @ - =_ ~|_
z~Orq
67
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H O^ |_\ 201112
Budget at a Glance :
1. ~ "#~|_ (2{3)
2. #~|_
3. <`~ ~|_
4.=^# ~|_
(5+6+7)
5. ~} =
6. W`~ ~|_
7. Borrowings & other liabilities

8. "Ò ~|_ (1{4)
9. }oH`~=O(10+12)
10.~"#M`
}oH`~=O
11.=_ KeO
12. =^# M`
}oH`~=O
13. }oH =O (14{15)
14. ~"# M`
15. =^# M`
16. "Ò =O (9{13)
17. ~ "#=O (10{14)
18. =^# P H#
LyOK QO@
19. =^# =O (12{15)
20. ~"# @ (171)
2009-10
2010-11
2010-11
2011-12
Actuals
BE
RE
BE
5,72,811
4,56,536
1,16,275
4,51,676
8,613
24,581
4,18,482
10,24,487
7,21,096
6,82,212
5,34,094
1,48,118
4,26,537
5,129
40,000
3,81,408
11,08,749
7,35,657
7,83,833
5,63,685
2,20,148
4,32,743
9,001
22,744
4,00,998
12,16,576
8,21,552
7,89,892
6,64,457
1,25,435
4,67,837
15,020
40,000
4,12,817
12,57,729
8,16,182
6,57,925
2,13,093
6,43,599
2,48,664
7,26,749
2,40,757
7,33,558
2,67,986
63,171
3,03,391
2,53,884
49,507
10,24,487
9,11,809
92,058
3,73,092
3,15,125
57,967
11,08,749
9,58,724
94,803
3,95,024
3,26,928
68,096
12,16,576
10,53,677
82,624
4,41,547
3,63,604
77,943
12,57,729
10,97,162
31,317
1,50,025
2,76,512
(4.0)
2,45,195
(3.5)
3,81,408
(5.5)
1,32,744
(1.9)
90,792
1,62,899
2,69,844
(3.4)
1,79,052
(2.3)
4,00,998
(5.1)
1,60,241
(2.0)
1,46,853
1,60,557
3,07,270
(3.4)
1,60,417
(1.8)
4,12,817
(4.6)
1,44,831
(1.6)
1,12,678
3,38,998
(5.2)
21. "= ~"# @ (2018)

22. H (+ ) @(16(1{5{6))
23. ^q H @ (2011)
4,18,482
(6.4)
2,05,389
(3.1)
BE = Budget Estimates
RE = Revised Estimates
z~Orq
68
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H O^ |_\ 201112
H O^ PiH= Ou } =Ys 2011. |=i 28# ~" O\ |_\ # " ># . 1947 ÒÒ
=z# `~ "` "^\ |_\ # H " \# k è PiH= Ou P~.H . +}YO \ . ^ xQ
LO@ _\ " \# k (Pi=Ou`Y `# P^~O LOKH<#) [=~< .
~|_ (H@ ~II)
=O (H@ ~II)
1. ~ "# ~|_ 7,89,892 (62.8%)
1. }eH`~ =O 8,16,182 (64.8%)
2. =^# ~|_ 4,67,837 (37.2%)
2. }oH=O 4,41,547 (35.2%)
3. "Ò ~|_ 12,57,729 (100%)
3. "Ò =O
12,57,729 (100%)
=x =~H ~HO
Q ql
1. ~ "# =O 10,97,162 (87%)
2. =^# =O 1,60,567 (13%)
"Ò
~|_ ~ "# ~|_ "\ Z= (63%)
~ "# ~|_ # ~|_ "\ (84%) Z=
# ~|_ ` H # "\ Z=
=^#
~|_ =~\ ~} "\ (88%) JkHO
"Ò
=O }oH`~ =O "\ (65%) JkHO
}oH`~ =O }oH`~ ~ "# =O"\ JkHO
}oH`~ ~ "# =O =_ KeO "\ JkHO
}oH =O _ ~
"# =O"\ Z=
"Ò
=x ~ "#, =^# =OQ ql , ~ "# =O (87%) "\ JkHO
D |_\
"= ~ "#@ (Effective Revenue deficit) J< =## " ># . ~ "# @#Oz
=^# P H# HO "zOK QO@ f" "= ~ "#@ =O k.
Rupee comes from (~~~H)
Rupee goes to (~~
1. JC
27 P
2. H~~+< #
24 P
3. H O^ ZH* OH 11 P
4. P^ #
11 P
5. H" OH
10 P
6. < `~ ~|_
8P
7. " #
6P
8. ~}`~ =^# ~|_ 3 P
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
H)
H O^ }oH
22 P
=_ KeO
18 P
~ #"\ 15 P
~H}
11 P
W`~ }oH`~ =O11 P
a_
9P
201112 |_\ J`kH =O H O^}oH =O
z~Orq
69
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
}oH`~ ~ "# =O J=~} H=O
1. =_ KeO ,
2. a_,
3. ~H}
Note:- ~H}
=O ~ "# { =^# =O He`, a_ HO> =O^#O LO_#.
|_\
J`kH ~|_ JC ^~ a O k. (2= #O H~~+< #)
=MO

D |_\ # ~|_ 9,32,440 H@ JOK< (24.9% 201011 HO> Z=)

"Ò =O 201011` e 13.4% ~QQ (12.57, 729 H@)
}oH H \~O
18% ~QQ
}oH`~ H \~O
10.9% iQ#
201112 |_\ JOK< "# H@ 4.6%
201011 (R) 5.1% J~` 2011 " C.S.O. nx 4.7%Q =iOz#k.
~ "# @ 3.4%Q JOK< "# (=O^ O=`~O JOK< 4%, =iOz#k 3.4%).
Effective Revenue Deficit 1.8%Q JOK< "#
201011HQ# =$k~ @# 8.6%Q PiH= Ou JOK< "#
(2011 " CSO =iOz# JOK< 8.5%H `yO k)
=O^ O=`~O P~ ^"}O 20.6% LO_Q 2011 [#=i <\H 9.3%H `Q_ O O`$H ~ JOO
= O~}:
}oH, }oH`~, ~ "#, =^# =# ijeOKO^ ~OQ~[< Hq\ x=HO
@|_ LO ~}:
201011 ~. 40,000H@ @|_ LO ~} H OHQ 22,144 H@ =`" aOz#q.
#`# |_\ _ 40,000 H@ H OQ x~iOK#.
==O:

~ ` ==~} 3,75,000 H@ #O_ 4,75,000 H@ JO^@@, H= O}H K~

~+
H$+ qH [# (RKVY) 7,860 H@ H \~O
=~^ ~ O`x 60,000Q=# C ^< Lù H O^Q Ja=$k ~ @ 300H@ H \~O
P~ " Q 300H@ H \~O
HQ~ Lù OK@ 300 H@
z~Orq
70
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
O_ ~Q =$^# (40% =$^ [~QÒk) JiH>O ^ Mega Food Parks # 11= }oH
15 O K#. qye# 15 D |_\ ~ . D ~OQO " @
@_ `~ .
`~ OÒ w< ~
=+< J= 400 H@ H \~O. D O`x ''x^`# ==
~OQO (sleeping gaiant of Indian agriculture) Jx National Commission on Farmers
"MxOzOk.
NABARD H H Qg} ~
u xkH 10,000 H@ H \~O.
a_: +H^~ a_# i qi OKx, BPL kQ=## [ a_ ` HO Q #Q^
~O JOkOKx, nx ijeOKO^ '#O^< xHx \~ P^ ~O Hq\ x=HO
RIDF:- RIDF - XVII # 18,000 H@ H
\~O (=O^ O=`~O 16,000 H@)
`~OQ O:- ` O >~ 1 QOQ CRAR x HhO 8% x~OKO^ 6000
H@ Ò JOkO k. RRB 2012 =i<\H 9% CRAR x x~OKO^ 500 H@ H \~O
" H< <: SIDBI P^ ~O 100 H@` Indian Micro Finance Equity Fundx U~@ K~ .
MSME:- H , z#, =^ `~
O ~}eK O s< < KO^ 5000 H@ H \~O
q`~ O QO O~}:- nxH a.Z<. H$+ J^ H` # Hg+< x=HO
ZQ=`:- ` L`` Mega - cluster ^H x D |_\ qi OK#. *^ ~ Ku =$`
O|OkOz XH Mega cluster U~@ u^#.
O H ~OQO:- D |_\ 1,60,887 H@ H \~O (}oH H \~O 36.4% W^)
~` x~}: 10 "H@ OK#. J#Q 58,000 H@ H \~OK#.
nx 1. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
2. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)
3. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyuti Karan Yojana (RGGVKY)
4. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
5. National Rural Drinking water programme (NRDWP)
6. Rural Telephony
JOQ< "_: H~H~ r` 1500/ #O_ 3000/

"i 750/ #O_ 1500/ OK#.
Financial Inclusion:-
2000 [< qOz L# 73,000 P" OHOQ H~# 2012 <\H qi OKe. nx QOQ
OH M` ~OaOK@H 'a=< ~OO .
z~Orq
71
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
J==H $ ` ~OQO:'WOk~QOn *f =$^ O K< ^H O aOÔ^ J~` = 65 OII #O_ 60OII

`yO K#.
80 OII ^\# =$^ <i O K< 500/ OK#.
=O|< ^H < qi OK#.
[<:- "s [< Q}# 2011 E< ~O= Q#.
UID :- 2011 JH|~ 1 #O_ ~AH 10H
P^~ OY W=|_#.
IT :- Sevottam ~` P^ # " O` KeO KO^ u^#. Small Tax Payers H
~m HiOz# P^# KeO ~O "Sugam" " @@.
~gO^<^ ~Q~ (Q~^") i@ q=#= `$`x OKO^ XH H\ ~` JO`~f

~~O U~@ ukOK#.
New Tax Slabs
Old (65
New (60
OII)
PÔ
#~@
OII)
PÔ
#~@
~+ (QÒ 65 OII, D |_\ 60 OII)

Nil
~. 1,80,000 =~
~. 1,60,000 =~
~. 1,60,001 5H
10%
~. 1,80,001 5H
~. 5,00,001 8H
20%
~. 5,00,001 8H
~. 8H #
30%
~. 8H #
=
~. 1,90,000 =~
1,90,001 5 H
5,00,001 8 H
8 H #
Senior Citizens (J~
~.2,40,000 =~
2,40,001 5 H
5,00,001 8 H
8 H #
z~Orq
Nil
10%
20%
30%
Nil
10%
20%
30%
=~^
` = QÒ 65OII, ` O 60 OII)

Nil
~. 2,50,000 =~
10%
2,50,001 5 H
20%
5,00,001 8H
30%
8 H #
72
Nil
10%
20%
30%
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
Very Senior Citizens (H`Q

(~O ^ )
" ># 80OII # )

~.5,00,000 =~
5,00,001 8 H
8 H #
Nil
20%
30%
`H #:

^~} ~+ P^ # q#~O# 1,60,000 #Oz 1,80,000 ~II OK#. e ÒQ

u # KeO ^~# 2000/ q#~O aOz#k
^~} = P^# q#~O 1,90,000 #Oz =~^
=$^ J~ ` = 65 OII #Oz 60OII `yO K#
P^# iqu 2,40,000 #Oz 2,50,000 ~II OK#
Very Senior Citizens J< #`# H
@yix $+O K#. (80OII, JO`HO > Z= =Q =~O ) giH
5 H =~ # q#~OQ^
^j HOh ~K ~ 7.5% #Oz 5%H `yO K#

q^j HOh Surcharge 2.5% #Oz 2%H `yO K#
Hh `= ## (MAT) 18 #Oz 18.5% H OK#
(MAT x SEZ x\ _ qk~ )
^# ÒK@, J=< ^ x^ H~} n~H W<H ~ O_ @|__`

WK 20,000 ~II # `yO D |_\ _ XH O=`~O =~ qi OK#.
~f HOh q^j J#|O^ O #Oz O^ _q_O_ 15% # qk~ .
~H #:
130 JO# <==` H O^ ZH * OHO ikH `K # (gx 1% OHO)

Ju ` = H O^ ZH * OHx 4 #Oz 5%H OK#
" ## 10% =^ LOK#

^j q=##O 50/, JO`~f }O 250/ OK#
~A 1000/ H< Z= Ys^# @Q^ , =Ô ~ ~ J#=u L# Z.. ~ ~ O\# "
# ikH `K #. 25 _H HO> Z=# @# _ nx ikH `zi
Direct Tax Code

Goods & Services Tax 2012 April 1 #O_
z~Orq
J=H ~=K
73
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
~ "# ~|_ (# ~|_ =i <`~ ~|_)

H O^ `xH ~ "# ~|_ HO^ ~ O_ ~HQ P^ =~#.

Z) # ~|_ (Tax Revenue), a) <`~ ~|_ (Non-Tax Revenue)
"Ò ~ "# ~|_ # ^~ =z# ~|_ 1950-51 88%, < `~ ~|_ 12%Q
LOk. 2009-10 (Z) |_\ # ~|_ 80%Q#, < `~ ~|_ 20%Q# JOK< "i .
1950-51 #Oz 2010-11 =~ # ^~, < `~ =~ ^~ ~|_ HO k qÔ Q LOk.
~|_
1950-51
2009-10 (A) 2010-11 (R) 2011-12 (BE)
# ~|_
88%
80 %
72%
84%
< `~ ~|_
12%
20 %
28%
16%
=#^ ~|_ ^~} ije < `~ ~|_ HO>, # ^~ ~|_ Z=Q =O k.
# ~|_# ` H #, ~H # ~|_ Jx ql OK=K.
#
1990-91
2007-08
2008-09 2009-10(P) 2010-11BE
`H # 19.2%
53%
55%
58.6%
56.6%
~H # 80.8%
47%
45%
40.4%
43.4%
1990-91 ` H # "\ 19%Q LOk. 2008-09 <\H 55%H iyOk. # "\
` H # "\ ~Q` ~=_O Ja#OkOK^y # q+ O.
JO> <_ ` H # #OK Z=Q PÔ =# k.
1950-51 #Oz ijeOz#C_ # ^~ =K PÔ HO` Ò `yO k. J#Q < `~
~|_ HkQ iyOk.
`xH =K < `~ ~|_ =Y"# q =_ ( Ò ~, ~ WK ~} =K
=_) , `~OQ HOh H =i A
, # A
, [ , [i=<, Z\
"^Q i< P^.
< `~ ~|_ JkH" \ _q_O_, #Oz =O k.
Z\
"~ O_ =~}O z#C_ P P # Ò n#O K O@Ok. nx< Z\ JO^~.
z~Orq
74
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
# ~|_ =^~
qq^ # `
Z) `H #
i) P^ #
ii) H~~@ #
a) ~H #
i) H" OH
ii) ZH * OH
iii) s #

1995-96
%
30.2
14.0
14.8
69.1
32.1
36.1
0.8
2005-06
%
43.0
15.3
27.7
54.5
17.8
30.4
6.3
2007-08
%
49.9
17.3
32.5
47.0
17.6
20.8
8.6
2008-09
%
52.8
17.5
35.3
44.5
16.5
17.9
10.1
2009-10 (P) 2010-11(BE)

%
%
58.6
56.6
19.5
16.1
39.0
40.4
39.5
42.2
13.4
15.4
16.7
17.7
9.3
9.1
2005-06 =~ qq^ ~H # P^~ H O^ ZH * OHO #Oz J`kH # ==K#k.

2006-07 O=`~O #Oz H~~+< # #Oz J`kH # ~|_ =QK#k.
2007-08 O=`~O "^\ i ` H #, ~H # "\# JkQq OK#.
qq^ ~H # ^~}# ije ` H # "\ ~Q` =O k ~H # "@
`Q K =O k.
H~~\ # =$k~ @ Z=Q H#_ Òk.
~H # " # "\ ~Q` =O k.
200809 # PÔ J`kH "\# JOkOKk H~~\ #.
(35.3%)
~ O_= #O
H O^ ZH * OH (17.9%)
=_= #O
P^ #
(17.5%)
<Q= #O
H" OH
(16.5%)
200910 (P) # PÔ "^\ #O H~~+< # (39%)
~ O_= #O P^ # (19.5%)
201011 (BE) # PÔ "^\ #O H~~+< # (40.4%)
~ O_= #O ZH* OH (17.7%)
<_ ` H # #OK QO HO> Z= "\ =O k.
z~Orq
75
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
W`~ JO
VAT ("\)
== H qq^ Lù ^ Hx ^ J=H ^ Hx iy# q= =`" #

qkOK_x q= Pî` # ("\) JO^~.
"\ H O^ ~ ZH * OHxH, ~+ ~ J=HO # O|OkOz#k.
O KO "\# J= K# "^\ Ô < (1954). nx Z."< =< zOK#.
"\ J= P=H`# èiQ 1978 Z.H . ~ Hq\ <H K Ok. ~* K
Hq\
(1991), =<<O Q _ "\ J=H`# +O K#.
198687 |_\
MODVAT
# ">#.
200001 |_\ Jx == # 16% # qkOK@@ (ZH *_ \) CENVAT " \i .

2004 t= OQ PiH =Ou PO^ Q Hh#~Q [iy# "\ kH~ Hq\ ="O
"\ J= =# =K #x H OÔ i 2005 U 1 #O_ "\ J= ~ O^` =HO
K~.
"\ J= =# XH" ~ #+ ` P #x "^\ O=`~O 100%, ~ O_= O=`~O
75%, =_= O=`~O 50% H OÔ Ke O ^x 2005 =i zÔ|~O g WK#.
2005 U 1 #O_ "\ J= ~O" O k.
"\ J=` GST, CST ~^= `~. CST x 4 ^ , 3 O=`~ U 1, 2007 "^\
^ 4% #Oz 3%, U 1, 2008 ~ O_= ^ 3% #Oz 2%, U 1, 2009 =_= ^
2% #Oz 1% `yO z, 2010 =i 31 #Oz iQ ~^Q #.
=#Ô "\# J= K# "^\ ~+O ~<, 2003 U 1 #Oz J= K O k.
2008 [#=i 1 #O_ L`~ ^ "\# J= K O k. nO` Jx ~ "\# J= K # @
J~.
MODVAT: (Modified VAT):
~H # g^ U~~z# Z.H . ~ Hq\ "\ q^<x ~ KO k.

`` `s ~OQxH iqÒ K@O =# nxx MANVAT Q eK~. =Oz e`
kOK_O `, Hk =~ K MODVAT "\i.
nxx 198687 _\ " \~ .
z~Orq
76
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
CENVAT:
nxx 200001 H O^ _\ " \i .

Jx == H ZH * _\ 16% qkOK@ nx =MOO. [#~
200809 |_\ 16% #Oz 14% `yOK~.
CENVAT
~ @#
SERVICE TAX:
nxx "^\ iQ 199495 " ># .

>eHO, c=, H H~ l "^\ " \i .
199495 = # 5%HQ, 2003 " 14# 8%, 200405 10%, 200607 12%, H
Oz#\H 200910 Budget uiy 10%H `yO K#. (` O 10%)
~* K
Hq\ s ## zOK#.
200607 #O_ s # 0.2% q^ " \i . nx 200708#Oz 0.3% Ozi.
"Ò #~@ ~ @` He ~. 12.3% J=Òk.
s # ^~ 1994 05 ~|_ ~. 407 H@ HQ,
200809 ~. 60,866 =K# (10%).
"Ò #~|_ = # "\
O=`~O
~ @
"Ò (H@) Ò (# ~|_) = OY
199495
407
0.5%
200910
10
58,454
9.3%
109
201011(BE)
10
68,000
9.1
117
PiH O O ( Finance Commission)

~*OQOx 280 x|O^# H ~O ~+ u u 5 O=`~ XHi PiH O O K~ <#, 4Q~
# xq~.
H O^, ~ =^ x^ # O} K ^ ` "x ~ "\ x~
O PiH O x^
H OÔ, ~HK QO@# _ x~~ OK#.
12= PiH O O #=O|~ 30, 2004# `# x"kH# =iOz#k.
D ~ 2005 U 1 #Oz 2010 =i 31 =^ J=~.
z~Orq
77
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
13= PiH O O
q[ Z. H ~ K~ <Q 13= PiH O x ~+ u , 2007 #=O|~ xqOK#. (a.H. K` ~ k, WOk~
~*~=<, J` ~ , Or" q W`~ ). nx x"kH# PiH= Ou } =Ys 2010 |=i
~" O\ =iOK#. D ~ 201015 =^ J= LO_Q =. nx =YO.
~ # "\ :
O} K ^y# xH~ H O^ # ~ H \~OK "\ 32%H iyOk. (12= PiH O O

30.5%, 11= PiH O O 29.5% ~ K#) JO> 1 1/2 Ò iyOk. J~` # "\,
QO@ `k`~x He ~ JO^ "`x 39.5%H PiH O O iqÒ KO k.
ukH : HOk JO ukH# ~ =^ x^ O} [~QÒk.
^#` JOO
~Ò (Weight)
1. [< (1971)
25%
10%
2. q~ O (Area)
47.5%
3. q` =~ ^~O (Fiscal Capacity distance)
17.5%
4. q` H=tH}
(Fisical Discipline)
~} iqu :
H O^ ~ ~} iqux GDP 200910 L# 82% #Oz 201415 68%H `yO K

iqu qkOKx `x HiOk.
@ :
~
"# @# '# H@# 3%H 201415 <\H H O^, ~ f~"e.
FRBM : FRBM H J=# ~ "HO
KO^ XH Ò` gH OÒQx <He.
"`# O O
~# Ò P"kOz# ~A #OK KeO LO_ K_e.

GST : P^~ GST J= H
O^, ~+ ` =z` x~
xH ~"e. GST J=` ~ ~|_
"\ #x 5 OII @ s K _xH ~. 50,000 H@ xkx H OÔ U~@ K e. ~+ PiH

=O` kH~ Hq\x (EC), K@| ^" # =O_eQ =~ K e.
W`~ JO :
J_= OHO , #ixQ WO^# O, h\ [=<xH 5,000 H@ KC# 15,000 H@ xkx

U~@ K e.
q`
xH 26,373 H@ QO\x ~ KO k. National calamity contingency fund
(NCCF)x, National Disaster response fund Hx, J\Q , Calamity relief fund (CRF)x
O|Ok` ~ State Disaster response funds (SDRF)` Hx ~<#.
~ =ix ~} fH< " @ HeOK_O
H OÔ =#H"e. J~` =~\ #Oz JC
`K H*x |# ~ D J=HO LO_e.
i=Hz# Ln#
Hlx H=OQ `yOKe.
H
O^ l` ^H OY# `yO Ke.
z~Orq
78
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
H OÔ @|_ LO ~}# K~Q K\ e LOk. `^~ " @ ~OQO == , = JOkOKO^

=iO` J=HO HeOK=K. 2009 U #Oz 2012 =i =^ National Investment Fund ^~
HiOz# _l<" O\ "`# =lH ~OQ H~H= @|_ =O HO iQ L y=x
H OÔ W\= H\ O z#k. D q^#O K POH iÒQ LO^x, nx ~m HiOKx, D =#~#
=oH J=< ^ L yOKx ~Ok.
IMR # `yO
KO^ 5,000 H@, xH S_O\H +< *sH 2,989 H@ QO@# H \~OK<#.
ul =^#
P =~x (efficiency of Capitl assets) OKO^, ul 1 H\
~~ xkx JO^@ LOKO^, District Innovation Fundx 6,161 H@` U~@ K x
~ KO k.
~_, =O`<
x~} 19,930 H@ "`x ~ KO k.
~ K # : }oH x^ # }oH`~ J=~ "_~^. x K x `~OQ
O = "` 2011 =iH ~OQO Ô K e. OK~f, =xe\, xH O
|Ò K @ =~ 87,000 H@ W"e (W W=_O W^ èi). ~+ PiH O x"kH#
J= ~e.
13= PiH O ~ H~O # J`kH
Ò L`~ ^ (19.6%)H K~Q `~ "` a~, t=
OQ =^ ^ K~ Òk. ` = PÒ H O 0.239, Q" 0.266%.
PO^ ^
H 6.937% aOK#Ok (5= #O). 12= PiH O O ~xH 7.356% "\~Q, nx
0.419% `yO k.
PiH O O K~ <
PiH O O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
z~Orq
K~ <
H .. xy
H . O`#O
Z.H. KO^
.q. ~[=<~
=g~ `y
|#O^ ~ _
*.O. +`
".a. K"<
Z<.H ..
H .. O`
Z.O. Y
. ~OQ~[<
q[ Z. H ~
HO
195257
195762
196266
196669
196974
197479
197984
198489
198995
19952000
200005
200510
201015
79
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
KEY POINTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
"H~
Money is what Money does
q< _=<
^= O `èH H#Q H xO
^=
qx= ^# O, q= H=#O J<q
O ^q H q^
Z<lOQ
x, K# q^ Q ^= O q^ # =sHi Oz#k
Q+" Ò
K_ ^= O, =Oz ^" x ìq" #
H~
h _=O_ _l@
^= ~ H=< Oz` ^= O (m1)
m1 H iqu _l@
q ^= O (q+ ^= =#~) (m3 )
". q. ~ _ zOz# #`# ^= H=< m1 ~m1, #`# m1XH>
#`# m2 m1 O=`~O H iqu Q _l@ O *s K# _l\
iH\ Hiqu` KeO K|_ O _l@
#`# m3 m2 O=`~O HO> Z= Hiqu Hey# Hiqu _l@ H,
n~H O ~}
+_ O
RBI ~
O_= +_ #"^~# O
~+ H~ O
H H~ ~ u == tY~Q O
=O# , |=u# , =^# PÔ # ## zOz#k H~
=
+
HH~ (t=~=< Hq\)
<~ # ~ K# Hq\
Of Qg} O
~
, #~O O Hq\ ~ "~ U~_# O
Q~ Hq\
WOi O# *fO K x (SBI Q) ~ KO k
b_ O
Q_ , <s=< Hq\ K# "~ U~_# O
q= O
HeH ~}` @, n~ HeH ~}eK O
q= O|OÔ
#Q^ x x+uH, ~ u $+H LO_ O|OÔ
=`# _l@
~} =OE~ K @= U~_ _l@
Z_< H#<
O# =# Qk` e#k
WiOQ +
The purchasing power of money (1911)
~
WiOQ +~
^= ==~ ÔÒ (O^ ^= ~t ÔÒ)
qx= =^ =O
^= ==~ ÔÒ ^#` Wz# ^= O H qk
HOa_ PiH"`
#Q^ x ^= ~t ÔÒ
q= xk (store
#Q^ x ^= ~t ÔÒ ^#` Wz# ^= O H qk
of value)
27.
28.
P^, = ^ ^, @|_ ÔÒ

P^ xH ^= ~t ÔÒ ^ #g# ^= "Ô
z~Orq
80
H#
q<
_=<
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
The Quantity theory of money a Restatement
q<
_=<
^x Ok# ==~, =O^ *Q` HO,

H#
JOK< "~O HO ^" x _=O_ K~
=
^= _=O_ O|OkOz W<O@s ÔÒ
\a<
~ e ^= _=O_ ÔÒ
>
JkH H~ h <@# *s K @ ^" }O
H# H ~O PiH= = O~ L^y` ~ K~ # `~ "`
"qH ^"}O
U~_ ^" }O
_=O_ i` ^"
}O
q+ _=O_ Z=Q L# H~}OQ U~_ ^" }O
= i` ^"
Lù = iy#O^= U~_ ^" }O
}O
H#
^" } q~=O
Disinflation
Lù, Lk =O O_ ^~ `Q ^
Stagflation
^~ ~Q^ x~^y` He LO_u
~}^`, ~
^" }O = #+ "~
PÔ
O^=~O
~}Q
^" }O = O O^"~
`, "~ ,
+
^=,
+~~
x~^y` ~ @, ^= "`< ~Q^ ~ @ O|OÔ ` k e ~ Y
WPI (\ ^~
~` Ô ^" }O# ^~}OQ Q}O Kk
p)
=# H~ ==
WPI Q}# JkH ~x He L# JOO

"^\ }oH
17% ^" }O (WPI z) `y# }
oH
q= O|OÔ
O ^= `xH, ` xH Q O|OÔ
<OQ
HO^ O # ~ K# Hq\
=O~
RBI H
O^ H~O
H~ h<@ *s, O O, `xH O, JOu= ~}^`,
HOÔ O^H
q^j=~H x O~H _, ~ u xO`}
q^
Hx+ x û
1956 #Oz <@ *s J=OaOK û

PiHY H~î
XH ~~ <@ O`HO
O~@, CRR,
RBI i=}`H ~
u xO`}
^<
|~OQ =~\ K~
z~Orq
81
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
=i##

53.
RBI
54.
55.
56.
"}[ O f< ~} RBI qkOK =_~ @

` i\# RBI J=_O, H#_O J< K~
K@| Ô Q "}[ O `= _l@ H O^ O =^
LOK=# #Q^ Ò
"}[ O `# "Ò _l@ ^= Ò Hey# P
~O `# =^ LOKH"e# Ò
~ "# =O - ~"# ~|_
"Ò =O "Ò ~|_
"Ò =O (~"#~|_ ~}`~ ~|_)
|_\ @ =~\ #O_ Ò Ok# ~}
#`# H~ hx =kOK@ ^~ s K |_ @
+
H@ =_ KeO
Ò J`kH HO^ ` # ~|_ =#~
12= q` O O J^ _
13= q` O O J^ _
"^\ iQ "\ P=H` zOz#k
}
oH`~ ~ "# =O J`kH =Ò Hey# JOO
==Ô # zOz#k
Q_ ~# =iOz #`#OQ =z# ~
q^j ^= =~\ [iQ ==~ qkOK #
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
Q}`H ~ u xO`}
^<
x~~ OK@, ~ u
~ +xOQ, qxQ^~x
~u
xO`}
, <u H L^^,
`H K~
O ~@
|~OQ =~\ K~
#Q^
x x+u (CRR)
K@| ^ ^= ` x+u (SLR)

~"# @
|_\
@
H@
H@
Monetised deficit
^q H @
H~~\ #
. ~OQ~[<
q[ Z. H
~
Z.H. ~
=_ KeO
H.Z<. ~*
=Ys ~
\a< #
tY~Q O
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Qg} == ~ u tY~Q O
HeH ~ u tY~Q O ( H~ ~OQO)
iqH q` O tY~Q O
z# i= q`x JOkOK O tY~Q O
Q$ x~} ~OQO tY~Q O
~`^ ^= ==H tY~Q O
z~Orq
82
<~ (NABARD)
~+
H~ O
IDBI
SIDBI
NHB
(<+# OQ OH)
RBI
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
=Y"# O=`~
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
=_ _h O# qb#O K WOi O U~@ 1921

1955
WOi O# SBI Q *fO K# O=`~O
1935
RBI #

1949
RBI # *fO K#
O=`~O
1967
=lH xO`}
" \# O=`~O
1969 A 19
14 "}[ O *f~H~}
1980 U 15
6 "}[ O *f~H~}
O* <+# O, # OH P WO_ qb#O J~#

1993
O=`~O
1975
Of Qg} O #
1969
b_ O #
1982
EXIM O (ZQ=ukQ=u O) #
199899
KCC (H< H_\ H~) "@|_# O=`~O
1948
IFCI (~` iqH q` O)
1955
ICICI (~` iqH ~
u =i @|_ O)
1964
IDBI (~` iqH Ja=$k O)
1990
SIDBI (~` z#i=
Ja=$k O)
1971
IRCI (~` iqH #~ x~} O)
nxx 1985 IRBI Q#, 1997 IIBI Q# =ii.
1951
SFC ( \ << H~~+<)
1988
NHB ( <+#
OQ OH) #
1964
UTI (x\ @ P WO_
) #
2003
UTI q[# (UTI , UTI )
1956
LIC (
W#~< H~~+<) *fO
K@O
GIC ([#~ W#~< H~~+<) *fO 1972
1972, J= 1973
1904
H~ O K@O ~OkOK|_#k
1977
HDFC (OQ _=" O\ <
< H~~+<)
199495
" # (s \H) "\#k
2000 01
CENVAT ( O@ " P__ \H)
198687
MODVAT ("__
" P__ \H)
1995
JO|_=< ^H O
199697
MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax)
1949
OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O
z~Orq
83
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
ONE WORD QUESTIONS
^=O
1.
[:
2.
[:
3.
^=O "_HH ~H ~O J=Q û

== i_ û
== |^ == x ` HO Q =i_ K H< û x U=O^~
== i_ û (Barter System)
p# HO =#=x H~ iqÒQ L#C_, PiH H~H iqÒQ L#_
q[=O`" # qx= û Uk
[ : == i_ û
4. == i_ û H}
Uq
[ : [ H~ iqÒQ LO__O , qx= =^ =O LO_^ , == |^ == ` H =i_,
iq`" # =~\ LO_@
5. = =i_ û x ^ # Uq
[ : Z) H~ =^=#O H =_O
a) H=#O H =_O
) == # HeK =}H H=#O H =_O
_) == ql OK@ gH =_O
W) == # xK @ gH =_O
Z) "~^ KeO xH~^
l) q=# |kbK @ gH =_O
6. ^=O J<^ O U \< Ô #Oz =zOk
[ : '=<\ ( ~=< ^=` =<\ PO <} =kOK@=)
7. ^=H= i=}O p#HO == < ^=OQ "_"~. PH U == # ^=OQ
"_"~
[ : PH U#Q Ô`
J"iH Q
=^f~O` J~^# Q=
~`^ O Q=
8. = ^=O `~ "`, <QiH` Ja=$k, "_H Hz# ^=O Uk
[ : ^=O
9. "@ "^\ < } HIIII 700 OII<\H ZH_ | _# q
[ : e_ (Lydia) (~=< O $u WqQO)
10. ^=O `~ Q^ Qi JQ@=, ~"} W|OkQ LO_@= ^=#O UH~" #
^="~_Ok
84
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
11.
[:
12.
[:
13.
[:
14.
[:
15.
[:
16.
[:
17.
[:
18.
[:
19.
[:
20.
[:
21.
[:
22.
[:
23.
[:
24.
[:
Hy` ^=O
"@" ^@Q Hy` ^"x L yOz# "~
K<
H~ h# LOKHx O $+O K ^=O U~H" # k
~ u ^=O LÎI O *sK K
O_, >[sa, O_ U~H" # ^=OQ =|_K#q
g^=O
'' Ju=Y"# =#=H# ^=O XH\. uO =Y"# H XH\ LO@Ok. OÒ
Jk KHO. q*#O xC, ~[hu O F@, J^qÔ Q J~ O ^=O Jx ^=O
"MxOz#k
H^~
^=O U q^ x~i O ^ J^ ^=O (Money is what money does) Jx ^"x x~zOz#k
Z=~
F.A. "H~
'' == H#C_ KeO K@, W`~ ~H "~ H f~@ JkHO Q [<"ÔOk#^
^=O ^"xH Q D x~K#O Z=ik
~|~<
'~OwH~O Ok# =" ^=O (Onething that possesses general acceptability) Jx ^"x
x~zOz#k
eQ=<
''Uk W=_O= ~} XO^, ^~ XO^ f~_O [~QÒ^, U~O ^~} H#Q
H xQ LOK|_Ò^ J^ ^=O
J.M. H<
qx= ^#OQ ~OwH~O Ok q= H=#OQ LQ_k U^< ^=" Jx
^"x x~zOz#k
H^~
^=O `èH H#QH xO Jx ^=O "MxOzOk
q< _=<
^=O H ^qH q^q
qx= =^=O, q= H=#O
== H == H =^ =^=iQ L Q_ ^=O qkx U=O\~
qx= =^=O
Jx = = q=# HeK ^# OQ L Q_ ^=O qkUk
q= H=#O
= = q=# ^= ~O Ka` ^xx U=O\~
^~
85
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
25.
[:
26.
[:
27.
[:
28.
[:
29.
[:
30.
[:
31.
[:
32.
[:
33.
[:
34.
[:
35.
[:
36.
[:
37.
[:
38.
[:
39.
[:
^=O H U qk P^~OQ +~ ^=~t ÔÒ K |_Ok

qx= =^==
^=O H kf ^ =`# q^ q
q= xk, "~^ KeO =}O, q= |kb
H< , ^=O <~" ~ U qkH JÒ` ^#`xK#
q= xk
^=O ^q H q^ , kfq^` @ J#|O^ ^ J#+OyH q^ _ x~i O k Jx
~#k
PK~ H<
H< H~O ^=O H J#+OyH q^
^=`x PkOK@, ~ u x $+O K@, LO` [< L`^H` # =#O K @,
*f^x =kOK@
^=O H q^# x, =i K# (Quj) q^ Q =sHi Oz#k
Z<lOQ
^=OH x ^ OHuH ^ O^q^ q
qx= ^# O, q= H=#O, q= xk, "~^ KeO =}O
`# q^ ^~ ^~ ~x Lùx, qxQx, O}x qÒK ^= qkx U=O\~
K# q^
^= == P^~OQ ^ L yOz# =y P^~OQ ^"x UqÔ Q =sHi OK=K
= ^=O, ^=O, Hy` ^=O, ~ u ^=O
^=OQ ~Hq
1) i =}OQ <} (Full body standard Money)
2) ` = =}OQ <} (Token Money)
3) z~ ^=O
<}O H =Y q=, JO`~` q= =#OQ LO> <}# U=x ~ ?
i =}OQ <} (Full body standard Money)
1835 1893 =^ =#Ô i =}OHey# <} ^x` ` ~K |_#q?
"O_<}O
<}O H JO`~` q=HO> |~` (=Yq=) q= Z=Q LO_ <}# U=O\~?
(Token Money ) ` = =}OQ <} ^ OK# <} LÎI ~`^
O Q <}
~ # y_O Q LOz#_ nxH ~A=Q Wz# ~j^# ^=OQ L y^ xx ^=OQ
==K
` ^=O
#\H #~ Ò x P^~OQ *sK H~ hx U=O\~
ux^ Hy` ^=O (Representative paper Currency)
86
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
40.
[:
41.
[:
42.
[:
43.
[:
44.
[:
45.
[:
46.
[:
47.
[:
48.
[:
49.
[:
50.
[:
51.
[:
52.
[:
53.
[:
H~# =H `# =^ Q H~ h <@# O xH =~H<O^ g HeOK Hy` ^=O Uk

=~_xH g# Hy` ^=O (Convertible paper currency)
ux^ Hy` ^"xH, =~_xH g# Hy` ^"xH =^ =Ò Uq\?
ux^ Hy` ^"xH #\H #~Ò x LO\~. =~_xH g# Hy`
^"xH #~ Ò x LO_=.
[ =^ ## Hy` ^"x O xH =~H=_xH gH` P ~H"# Hy`
^"x U=O^~
=~_xH gx Hy` ^=O (Inconvertible paper currency)
x`=~ i` Ò *sK ^"x U~H" # ^=OQ ~
(Fiat Money) kH~ ^=O
( ` HO Fiat Money H =~_xH gx Hy` ^"xHH `_ ^ )
~u ^"xH =~H ~
O ^=O ^ SzH ^=O
K, _, qx= a# SzH ^=OQ ZO^ ~
[ W#~O g\x P"kOK=K ^ u~ iOK=KH|\
P"^ Q` P^~OQ ^"x Zx ~HQ ql ~ .
1) K@| ^" # ^=O 2) K@| Ô Hx ^=O ^ SzH ^=O
Ò JkHiHOQ P"kOK ^"x JO\~
K@| ^ ^=O ( =#Ô nxx H OÔ *sK O k)
K@| ^" # ^=Ox ~Hq
1) Jiq`" # K@| ^ ^=O (Unlimited Legel Tender)
2) iq` K@| ^ ^=O (Limited Legel Tender)
~} i~O, "~ ==~ x~} ZO` i=}O J~< ` xiQ P"kOK=#
^"x D qÔ Q ~
Ji=`" # K@| ^ ^=O ( LÎI =#Ô 2~II #O_ 1000 ~II<@ =~ )
iq`" # K@| ^" # ^=O J#Q
^"x HO` iquH |_ =`" J"k J\O\ ^"x iq` K@| ^ ^=O JO\~
(LÎI =#Ô 1 #O_ 25 =~ Q <})
K@O ` " O O_ Wx |\ ^=OQ P"kOK|_ ^=O
SzH ^=O ^ K@| Ô Hx ^=O
K , _ , O_, i\, _O K~ , c=` "^Q ^= `=#
U~H"# ^=OQ ~
SzH ^=O (g\H K@| ^` ^ Hx ^=Ò LOk)
^=à~ z P^~OQ ^"x Zx ~HQ ql ~
") =# ^=O
a) g ^=O
87
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
54. =# ^=O J#Q

[:
55.
[:
56.
A:
57.
[:
58.
[:
59.
[:
60.
[:
61.
[:
62.
[ =^Q <}, H~ h<@, O =^Q _=O_ _l@ "^# "\x =# ^=O

JO\~
=#^=O# =~H ~
Oz` ^=O (Narrow Moeny) (nxH JkH ^=Ò H^)
` = H ==k ` = Y~` ^=OQ =~HQeQ @[sa, O_, _O K~ "^Q
"\x U~H" # ^=OQ ~
g ^=O
[=Y~ H # U^= x\ ~O ~~ P~H" # ^"x JO\~
H O ^=O, P=~ ^=O (Money proper) LÎI ~`^ O ~~, J"iH _~
U ^=O` ^= ==~# x~~ ^xx ^=O JO\~
==iH ^=O (Money proper)
=Oz ^"xH LO_=# H}

Z) =xH, ~ ` O
a) ` = |~=Hey LO_@, ql OK_xH gO_@, QiOKO^ gO_@, JOîK` P"^
Q`, ~"} gO_@
H `H ^=O J#Q
^"x "~ ==~ "_` ^x H `H ^=O JO\~
x^=O (Idle Money) J#Q
^"x ` "_H=_xH HH ^KH=_xH L y ^xx x ^=O
''K_ ^=O, =Oz ^"x K=} #Oz ìq" # J<k U `xH KOkOk (Bad Money
drives good Money out of circulation)
[:
63.
[:
64.
Q+" Ò
Q+" Ò Jx ZO^ ~=zOk
Zel` ~} PiH ^~ ~ ^= Q+" ~ gkQ DÒ Mu QOzOkH=#
H`, ` <} ~ O_O\x K=}LOz` Q+" Ò H~O z=~ ^= K=} qy
<}
[ : `<}
65. O O ^~K~, K_ H~}O ^=" Jx qOz#k
[ : H~ =~
66. ^=O PiH rq` s~xH H\# == (Money is the garment draped round the body of Economic)
Jx "MxOz#k
[ : Q
67. XH xs` HO XH x\ ^=O Zx~ = = H#_xH K` =~< è*^
[ : ^= ~ "QO
88
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
68. PiH == J=~" # ^= ~ ~ HO> ` = ^= ~ ~ LO> ^= ~ "QO UqÔ Q

LO@Ok
[ : ^= ~ "QO ~Q#
69. ^= ~ "Qx x~~ OK JO Uq?
[ : ^=~t, ^=O ^~ [iQ "~ ==~, ~ u H~, qxQ =$u, P^ O},
~ O_ P^ =^ HO
70. PiH == ~ u O Z=Q L#_ ^= ~ "QO
[ : "=Q LO@Ok
71. ~ O_ P^ =^ HO Z=Q LO> ^= ~ "QO
[ : ` =Q LO@Ok
72. "~ ==~ OY i=}O iQHk ^= ~"Q O
[ : ~Q` =O k
73. H< H~O [ qxQO K < HiH Z=Q Hey LO> ^= ~ "QO
[ : Z=Q LO@Ok
74. P^ O}H , ^=~ "QO # Q O|OÔ Uq\?
[ : PÔ Hk=Ok K` H OnH$`" LO> ^=~ "QO `Q #
75. @|_^s PiH == ^=O XH [=x xK # J~` ="^ PiH= = ^x
` Z\ LO_#
[ : }oH xs` =_Q ==iO k
76. ^=
J#Q
x# (Stock) è* #)
[ : [ Y~ >O ^ gQ L# "Ò ^= x (^=
77. ^"x qx= ^# OQ iQ}O z Qi+ ^=Ò Q "\x =`" ^=
Q x~zOz#"~
[ : O^ PiH" `
78. zHQ ^= " ` # q< _= < JaO ^=
J#Q
[ : H~ h { _=O_ _l@ { >" _l@ ( M+C+DD+TD)
79. O^ x~K<xH, zHQ x~K<xH `_ Uq\?
[ : O^ x~K#O Oz`" O k, zHQ x~K#O q$`" O k. Wk >" _l@# H xH
fOk
80. '' H#Q HH `èH xOQ xKk U^< ^=" Jx ^"x x~zOz#k
[ : q< _=<
81. ^ _l@# OH`~ =^=~ JC#, W`~ ^= O _l@# H xH fHx
qOQ x~zOK|_ x~K#O Uk
[ : Qs =i
89
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
82.
[:
83.
[:
84.
[:
85.
[:
86.
^=` û Jx U Hq\ zOz# û x ~O\~

~_ H
=# ^=O Qq?
H~ h { _=O_ _l@
JÒ` H= O`" # ^=O Qq?
H~ h { O =^Q #Q^ i[~ { H OÔQ W`~ _l@ #Q^
P^ xH ^=
ÔÒ H~O ^=
x x~~ OK"~
[, O, H OÔ
JÒ` H= O`" # ^"xH =~H~
A:
Base Money ^ Reserve Money ^ Monetary Money
87. ^~} ^"#H, H= O`" # ^"xH Q `_ Uq\?
[ : ^~} ^=O O _=O_ _l@ LO\~. H= O`" # ^=O "}[O O =^
Q "Ò i[~ LO\~.
88. JkH H= O`" # ^"x D qÔ Q K=K
[ : H = C + R+E
H= JkH H=
O`" # ^=O
C = H~
h R= J=~" # i[~ E= P^# i[~
89. "}[ O _l@, ~ u q~ }
P^~" # ^=O Uk?
[ : JkH H= O`" # ^=O
90. 1968 =~ =#Ô i[~O K iOK ^= H=#O Uk?
[ : M ^=O (M=C+DD)
91. 1968 #O_ RBI K iOK ^= H=< Uq?
[ : ~ O_ q+ ^= =#~ (AMR)
AMR = M1+ Hiqu _l@
92. 1977 #O_ i[~O Zx ~H ^=
H=<# K iO k
[ : <Q M1, M2, M3, M4
93. Oz` ^=O Jx nxx ~
[ : M1 ^=O
94. M1 x Qq?
[ : [ =^ Q H~ h { _=O_ _l@ { RBI =^Q W`~ _l@ M =C+DD+OD
95. =# ^$+ ^=O J#Q U~H" # ^=O
[ : M1 ^=O
96. M1 ^"xH O =^Q Hiqu _l@# He` =K ^=O
[ : M3 ^=O
90
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
97.
[:
98.
[:
99.
[:
100.
[:
101.
[:
102.
[:
103.
[:
104.
[:
M3 ^"x
D qÔ Q _ ~
q ^=O (q+ ^==#~ Jx_ JO\~)
M3 x Qq?
H~ h { _=O_ _l@ { RBI =^ Q W`~ _l@ { >" _l@ (M3 = C+DD+OD+TD)
M1 ^"xH, M3 ^"xH `_ Uq\?
O =^Q Hiqu _l@ M3 =M1+TD
x _l@# P^~OQ K Hx x~zOK|_ ^=O ~Hq?
M2 =i M4
M1
Q ^ _l@# Ki` U~_ ^=O
M2 ^=O
M2 ^=Ox Qq
M1 {
Q ^ _l@
M3 ^"xH
"Ò _l@# Ki` U~_ ^=O
M4 ^=O
M4 ^=Ox Qq
M3 {
x "Ò _l@
M4 { M3 + "Ò
_l@ ^
M1 { Hiqu _l@ { "Ò
_l@
nx` e LOk
105. O^ "^ x~K#O RBI ^= =sH~ }
[ : M4
106. zHQ ^= x~K#O RBI ^= =sH~ }
nxx e LOk
[ : M3
107. 1990 91 #O_ 2006 2007 =^ M1 ^=O qq^ JO ~Q^ ^~} Z\ L<~
[ : [ =^ Q H~ h57% #O_ 50% xH `yO k. [ _l\ ^=O 45% #O_ 50%xH
iyOk. JO> [ K@| ^" # ^=O #O O ^"x P"k< ~.
108. 1990 91 #O_ 2006 2007 =^ M3 ^=Ox JO ~Q^ ^~} Z\ L<~
[ : Oz`" # ^=O "\ 35% #O_ 28%xH `yO k. Hiqu _l@ "\ 65% #O_ 71%
xH iyOk
109. M2, M4 =# _l@# RBI `* ~K H =_O = D =# ..........Q =~~
[ : J~~ ÒQ =~#
110. ^=~ J^#O KO^ RBI xqOz# =iOQ |$OÔ J^ _
[ : ". q.~_ (1998)
111. #`# ^=
=sH~ }
Zx ~H ^=
=# H=
[ : 3 (M1 M2 M3), g\` @Q ^=` =#~ J< =## " \O k (L1 L2 L3 )
112. #`# ^=
=sH~ }
`yOK|_# ^= H=#O
[ : M4
91
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
113. =iOz# ^= H=< M1 J#Q

[ : C+DD+OD (~ M1 H =iOz# M1 H `_^)
114. =iOz# ^= H=< M2 x Qq?
[ : M1 { OII KeO K|_ Hiqu _l@ { O *sK _l@ i H @ { HO`
Hiqu` KeO K|_ O ^ _l@
115. =iOz# ^= H=< M3 K~ JO Uq?
[ : M2 { OII HO> Z= Hiqu _l@ { HeH O ~}
116. #`# ^=
H=< q ^=O nxx ~
[ : M3
117. #`# ^=
H=< M3 H =^ Q _l@# Ki` =K H=#O
A:
L1
118.
[:
L2 ^=` =#~ Qq?

L1{ q` O
*sK# _l@ i H @ { HeH q` O Hiqu _l@ { q` O H
iqu ~}
119. L2 ^"xH OH`~ q` O H _l@# Ki` =K H=#O
[ : L3
120. O^ PiH "` H~O ^"xH _=O_ nx= U~_#
[ : ^=O qx= =ÔQ xK #. H|\ "~ ==~H ^"x _=O_ K~
121. ^=à~z ÔÒ# q=iOz#k
[ : H<
122. H< H~O ^"xH Q _=O_ nx= U~_#
[ : JOK< "~O =# (Speculative Demand)
123. ^= _=O_H = ukOz# ÔÒ
[ : W<O@s ZK
124. ^= _=O_H \a< ukOz# ÔÒ
[ : ~ e < ZK
OHOQ
125.
[:
126.
[:
127.
HIIII 600 a< Ô O, O ` LO_=x `# ~K# ~# ~K~ `

~ q \
=#Ô =_" ~O Qi =# "^@Q Z=i ~K# H#|_Ok
=# $u
O J< Ô w ^" # OH (Banque) #O_ Hx, W\e< Ô OH (Banco) #O_ Hx
L^q OK=K. J~` nx J~O Uq\?
92
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
128.
[:
129.
OK ^ |
=~H "i, =_ "i, ~H ~_ J< D =Q~ OH~ s Jx ~#k
H^~
=#Ô 1770 JQO_~ JO_ H J< WOw+ U*h O P O^< ZH_ U~@
KOk
[ : HH` (nxx 1782 =" i )
130. =#Ô <H|_# "@" ^\ O Uk
[ : O P O^< (1770)
131. "@" ^\ _h O Uk?

[ : O P OQ (1806)
132. 1806 O P OQ, 1840 O P O~, 1843 O P =^ J< 3
_x O# 1921 qb#O K U OQ O K~
[ : WOi O P WO_
133. 1955 E 1# WOi O# *fO K U OQ ~=~#.
[ : \ O P WO_
134. WOi O P WO_ # *fO K _x "^@ x~HiOz# O O
[ : Qg} OHOQ ij# O O
135. 1953 WOi O# *fO K =OkQ ~KO k?
[ : Qg} ~ u ij# O O
136. Z=i ~ WOi O P WO_ SBI Q J=ìOzOk?
[ : Q~
137. SBI x *fO K < PK## H "_ O z# <\ PiH= Ou
[ : ._. ^=M
138. RBI x O K =~ H OÔ x~OK q^ HxO\x U O x~Oz#k
[ : WOi O P WO_
139. ~f \ O (J#|O^ O) K@O 1959 H~O Zx O# SBI J#|O^ OQ
fOk
[: 8
140. 1963 OH P aHh~, O P [~ qb#O KOk U OQ ~O^#
[ : \ OH P aHh~ JO_ * ~ ( JO^K SBI H 7 J#|O^ O LO_q)
141. ~f [=#O U~@ K |_ "@" ^\ "}[ O
[ : B^ H=i ~ (1881)
142. i~ "^\ ~f O Uk?
[ : O* <+# O (1894)
143. O =lH xO`}# qkOz# O=`~O
93
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
144.
[:
145.
[:
146.
[:
147.
[:
148.
[:
149.
[:
150.
[:
151.
[:
152.
[:
153.
[:
154.
[:
155.
[:
156.
[:
157.
[:
158.
1967
50 H@ HO> Z= _l@ Q 14 "}[ O# *fO K# O=`~O
1969 E 19
200 H@ JO`HO > Z= _l@ Hey# 6 O# *fO K# O=`~O
1980 U 15
1980 *fO K# 6 O Uq
1. POÔ 2. O* JO_ O^ O 3. # O P WO_ 4. q[O
5. H~~+< O 6. FiO@ O P H=~
1980 <\H *fO K |_ O OY
14 { 6 20
#` #_# O^# # O P WO_ #, O* <+# O` qb#O K# O=`~O
1993 O |~ 7
` O L# *fO K# O OY
19
SBI ` He ~`^
O `~OQOx O OY
19{7 26
2008 U J#|O^ O SBI ` qb#O K#
\ O P ~+ ( nx` SBI J#|O^ Q 6 O H=)
PO^ O# U O=`~O *fO Ki
1980
O P |~_, WO_ < F=s O, O* <+# O, WO_ < O# *fO
K# O=`~O
1967
=lH H ` J#Q}OQ ~ u O} K _xH Of =~ ^$ HÔ J=~O Jx U
|$OÔ zOz#k
Q_ |$OÔ
1969 b_ O ^x zOz# Hq\
Z. H . Z. <i=<
''^~} "~ ~o = [=H> =# "i ~# H~ O@ M` [=K P =
~g ^ *sK# K # Pî KeO K"ix U=O\~
OH~
x~K#O# x~zOz# =H Z=~
~~ l. ~
Hi# "O@< Qx, WOH=OQx, K , _ , P~~ ^~ Qx, WOH qÔ Q Hx uiy KeO K
+~ ` g^ _l@ HiOz, P =# ~} W=_xH ^ @|_HO L yOK_"
94
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
159.
[:
160.
[:
161.
[:
162.
[:
163.
[:
164.
[:
165.
[:
166.
[:
167.
[:
168.
[:
169.
[:
170.
[:
171.
[:
172.
[:
173.
[:
OHOQ "~O Jx K # K@O

~` OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O
`# JC#, W`~ JC# L yOz "~O K "_ OH~
H^~
HOh K@O HO^ #"^ J~ ~} JOkOK xqÒ [ =^ #O_ _l@ HiOz
H` xK PiH O # U=O\~
"}[O
H~ Ò P^~OQ "^$HÔ ` x~OK|_ O# U=O\~
H~ O
=# Ô U O=`~O H~ ~ u O K@O ~OkOK|_Ok
1904
H~ L^=O gHO K@, Ja=$kH K# WKO^1914 ~OkOz# Hq\
"Hy< Hq\
HeH, =^ HeH ~}# JOkOK@ =_OK û Q H~ O q
Z) ~+ ~ ~+ H~ O a) l~ H O^ H~ O
) Qg} ~ ^q H == ~ u O
HeH H~ ~ u tY~Q O Jx nxx JO\~
~+ H~ O
~+ H~ O U Hq\ ~K U~@ K |_q
"HQ< Hq\
==^~ n~H eH ~ u J=~# f~O^ U~@ J~# H~ O
q Ja=$k O
q Ja=$k O ~ <=O
q `#H O
n~H eH ~} WK O ~ O_OK H= Jq
Z) ~+ ~ ~+ Ja=$k O
a) l~ l H~ O
"^\ H~ q `#H O ZH_ O K|_Ok
O*
~ ` H=# qq^ ~ u J=~ XHK@ JO^H=_xH gQ H~ O} ~ u
q^<x #xiOKx ~ K# Hg+<
1975 _II*s Hg+<
U Hg+< ~ "~ =# ~+O UHQ"H q^#O ">#
_II *s Hg+<
J~< ~~O Hq\ (1985) ~ ^xH KOk#q
H~ ~u ==
95
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
174.
[:
175.
[:
176.
[:
177.
[:
178.
[:
179.
[:
180.
[:
181.
[:
182.
[:
183.
[:
184.
[:
185.
[:
186.
[:
187.
[:
188.
H~ ~ u ==# #~==H i OKO^ xqOK|_# Hq\

"^ <^ Hq\
q^ # [iy =# Ô Oz L# O# U qÔ Q ~
qx= O ^ q^j =~H O
i= =^HeH, n~H eH ~}# =OE~ K q` O # UqÔ Q ~
iqH O (^) @|_ O
~f iqH q` O U O=`~O O K|_Ok
1948
~f iqH Ja=$k O ZC_ O K|_Ok
1964 (1976 #O_ RBI #O_ q_=_Ok)
x\ @ P WO_ #
1964
ZQ=u, kQ=` O ZC_ O K_
1982
LIC x *fO K#
O=`~O
1956
GIC x (^~} c= HOh) *fO K#
OII
1973
"}[ O Zx~H
~ O_ ~H Z) +_ O a) +_Hx O
+_ O#Q
i[~O K@O ~ O_= +_ HO^ #"^# O
+_ Hx O#Q
i[~ O K@O ~ O_ +_HO^ #"^ Hx O
#~O O Hq\ ~ 1975 U~@ K |_# O
Of Qg} O
Of Qg} O ~} O Z=iH JOkOK#
z# "~, z#, #H~ ~`, == b
== Qg}a=$kH K# O~ " # PiH @|_ U~@ gHO K_xH Z=i J^ H` #
RBI Hq\x xqOK#
[ : t=~=<
189. HH~ Hq\ (CRAFICARD) (t=~=< Hq\) ~ "~ U~@ K |_# O
[ : NABARD <~ (1982)
190. Qg} == ~ u tY~Q O
[ : NABARD
96
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
191.
[:
192.
[:
193.
[:
194.
[:
195.
[:
196.
[:
197.
[:
198.
[:
199.
[:
200.
[:
201.
[:
202.
[:
~+ H~ ~ u tY~Q O
~+ H~ O
iqH q` O tY~Q O
IDBI
z# i= q`x JOkOK "\ tY~Q O

SIDBI
Q$ x~}x q`x JOkOK_O tY~Q O

<+# OQ OH (N.H.B)
XH H OnH$`" # ^ # H~O P^~OQ ^= O` Z< OK P qi Oz L# OHOQ
==# U=O\~
OK OHOQ
OK OHOQ U Ô ~O" O k
WOQO_
~`^ O OHOQ == U ~HxH KOkOk
OK OHOQ
XH OHOQ P ^~ OHOQ H~H x~OK OHOQ == Uk
x\ OHOQ
OK OHOQ, x\ OHOQ LO_ #, ^, z# `~ "~ O LO_
# # e LO\~. Jx ~#k
~
x\ OHOQ U Ô ~O" O k
J"iH
~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= O XH x~} HOh JkH~O HO^H f= P ~H" #
O# U=O\~
=H OHOQ
q= OHOQ J#Q
HeH ~}, n~H eH ~} He WK O# q= OHOQ JO\~
203.
[:
204.
[:
q= OHOQ "@" ^@Q " \# Ô

[~h
_l\ OHOQ JO> Uq\
HeH ~} =`" iq`" # O# _l\ OHOQ ^ K" # OHOQ Jx
JO\~
205. O J#iOK ^` # ijeOz `Q # WKO^H '' *f ~ u =O_e
U~@ K# OII
[ : 1967
97
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
206.
[:
207.
[:
208.
[:
216.
[:
^`H =_~ @ ^H x " \# O=`~O?

1972
1969 O K|_ b_ O ^H O nx ukH ~OkOK|k ?
^tH ^$HÔ (Area Approach)
==O, z# i=, z~ =~H O , z~ "~O, "#H|_# `~Q ` Q$x~}O "II
~OQ# U=x ~ ?
^#` ~OQ= (RBI x|O^# H~O O g\H 40% ~} W"e).
_l\ W#~< H~~+< J=ìOz# O=`~O?
1962
1975 #O_ _l\ W#~< H~~+< UqÔ Q =|_Òk?
_l\ W#~< =i H_\ Q~O\ H~~+<
"}[ O \x Q U^x ~ ?
WOQO_
M`^~_ Hi# "O@< Z@=O\ =O^ <\ O_ KeO K|_ _l@# Z=O\~?
_=O_ _l@
"~ , HOh, Q= O `= ^# Ok# H~HH x~OKH< _l@#
U=O\~ ?
H~ O\ _l@
xs` HxH HO` "`x [=K _l@# U=O^~?
H _ _l@ (=# Ô Z= Ò _l@ D ~O< L<~)
~ P^ =~ "~ XHi ^ "`x HO_ JOwHiOz# "~^ "`# [=K
_l@ U~H" # q ?
iHiOQ _l@
M`^~_ `# H~ O\ M` L# "Ò HO> JkH "`x "_H< H~x JO^~ ?
F=~ _
217.
[:
218.
[:
219.
[:
220.
[:
221.
[:
"}[ O ^q H q^ Uq?
_l@ H~}
, ~} =OE~, ~ u $+
J_y# `H}
" _| W==x XH xi+" OH~# P*O K qx= `x U=O^~?
KH
ux^ q^ , ^~} L Q= "}[ OH U~H" # q^
J#OyH q^
O M`^~ =} K *s K _x U~H" # qkQ q~ ?
^~} L Q =
1950 J"iH "^\ H_\ H~# ~OaOz# O Uk ?
_# ~ H~
[:
209.
[:
210.
[:
211.
[:
212.
[:
213.
[:
214.
[:
215.
98
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
R.B. I
222.
[:
223.
[:
224.
[:
225.
[:
226.
[:
227.
[:
228.
[:
229.
[:
230.
[:
231.
[:
232.
[:
233.
[:
234.
[:
235.
[:
236.
[:
237.
[:
O KO O K|_# "@" ^\ H OÔ

_< O K|_# iHO (1656)
x~OK q^ |\ "@" ^\ H OÔQ QiOK|_#k
OH P WOQO_ (1694)
USA x H
OÔ~
_ ~ i[~O
=#Ô H OÔ O|OkOz# H}
"^\Q U O H#_#q
General Bank of Bengal and Bihar
1926 H~ h =i < < xqOK|_# ~ Hg+< H OÔ# O Kx

WzOk. D Hg+< =~~
< OQ Hg+<
Z=i ~ =#Ô H OÔ# U~@K#
~ Hg+< =i 1931 O@ OHOQ ZOH~s Hq\
H OÔ# =#Ô O z# O=`~O
1935
=#Ô H OÔ< JO^~
i[~O P WO_
~` i[~O H ^ # H~O ZH_ LOk?
O~
5H@ ~ =^# O` O K|_ i[~O# *fOK# O=`~O
1949 [#=i 1
i[~O K@O K |_# O=`~O
1934
Banking Regulation K |_# O=`~O?
1949
Ô x "Ò ^==~\H tY~QO U k?
i[~ OH P WO_
1974 #O_ RBI KiOK HuH?
i[~OH #@
~
1979 #O_ RBI K iOK <"s uH?
~ u =K~ i=
OH~ tH}
H ZH_ LOk?
O~
99
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
238.
[:
239.
[:
240.
[:
241.
[:
242.
[:
243.
[:
244.
[:
245.
[:
246.
[:
247.
[:
248.
[:
249.
[:
250.
[:
251.
[:
252.
[:
253.
[:
254.
[:
255.
[:
i[~O |Ok H ZK@ H^?

=^
xC, KH= O\ #=H# n@Q O KOx =_= #=H#Q H OÔ# Ja=iOz#k?
q ~[~
''"}[ O JOu=OQ |}ez P^< == H OÔ Jx H OÔ# x~zOz#k?
>
^=q^<x J=~K @
" H OÔ H =Y"^q Jx H OÔ# x~zOz#k?
R.S. ~
1934 ~` i[~O K@O H~O H~ h<@# =kOK Q`k ` O Z=iH H^?
i[~O
2~II H~ h #O_ 1000 ~II H~ h<@ =~ <@# =kOKk
i[~O
~~ <@# =kOKk?
~`` q` =Ou`Y
1957 #O_ H~ h<@ *s J=OaOK û ?
Hx+ x û
Hx+x û H~O ZxH@ "~ Hh x LO_e?
200H@
200H@ Hh x ZxH@ |OQ~ xLO_e?
115H@
Hx+ x û H ~O <@*s H OÔ J=OaOK q^#O?
J#` x û
i[~O *sK 25I I Q <}# UqÔ Q ~ ?
iq`"# K@|^"# ^=O
2~II, 5~II, 10~II, 50~II, 100~II <@# ZH_ =k~ ?
<H
20,50,100,500, 1000 H~ h<@# ZH_ =k~ ?
^" (DEVAS)
Indian Security Press ZH_ H^?
<H
Security Printing Press ZH_ H^?
^~^
H~ h Notes Press ZH_ H^?
^"
<} =^} ZH_ H=?
O~, HH`, <~_, ^~^
100
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
256.
[:
257.
[:
258.
[:
259.
[:
260.
[:
261.
[:
262.
[:
263.
[:
264.
[:
265.
[:
266.
[:
267.
[:
268.
[:
269.
[:
270.
[:
271.
[:
272.
[:
273.
[:
#^"x x~kOKO^ 1000~II<@# LO iOz# O=`~O

1978 ( 2000 OII =~ " @|_Ok)
1956 H 1957H =^ Hx+x Q ZO` "`x LOKx x~~ Ozi?
515 H@
RBI *sK#
^"x U=x ~ ?
R.B.I K@|^"# ^=O ( IOU Jx ~ <# h |}_L
<#)
=#Ô 1~II<@ Z=i O`HO LO@Ok?
PiH M H~î
=#Ô #`# Ô û x " \# O=`~O?
1957 U 1
H O^ `xH, ~+ ` OQ ==iOKk?
R.B.I (Jammu Kashmir q#~Oz)
H O^, ~+ ` 90~A Hiqu` =OE~K HeH |}# Z=O\~?
Ways and Means Advances
O OQ#, L Q_ k ?
R.B.I
O JOu= |}^`Q ==iOKk?

R.B.I
"}[O `= "Ò _l@ i[~O =^ ` xiQ LOKe# #Q^ x# U=O\~?

#Q^ x x+u (C.R.R) - Cash Reserve Ratio
q^jx^ O~H _Q ==iOKk
R.B.I
O, OH P H~<Q _k
R.B.I
H
iOQ xK@ R.B.I uxkQ xKk?
S.B.I
i[~O q^ Ju=Y"# qk?

~ u xO`}
~ u xO`} H ^ #H O?
PiH == J~ ` # x"iOK@
Ja=$k KO^`# ^ ~ u xO`} ^ #H O
Growth with Stability (~
` O` _# =$k)
=Oz =_, K_
[=xQ Z=ix ~ ?
^=O
^=q^#O Z=iH O|OkOz#k?
H OÔ
101
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
274. ^"x " @@ =# HeQ # HhOQ LO_@@ [< Qi+O Q LO_@@ K__xH
^"kH~ f< K~ # U=O\~?
[ : ^= q^#O
275. H OÔ H ~ u xO`} ^< Uq?
(2) Q}`H ~ u xO`}
[ : 2 Jq (1) i=}`H ~ u xO`}
276. ~ u i=}x, ~ u =x =~O^ H OÔ J=OaOK K~ Uq?
[ : i=}`H ~ u xO`}
277. ~ u x U~OQ JOkOKe? U [< HO L yOK H OÔ x~~ Oz ~OkOK
q^<x U=O\~?
[ : Q}`H ~ u xO`} / ZOH K# ~ u xO`}
278. H OÔ H O^H H i=}`H ~ u xO`} q^< Uq?
[ : 1. O~ @ Bank Rate
2. |~OQ =~\ K~ Open Market Operations
3. K~ x x+u Variable Reserve Ratio
279. H OÔH Q}`H ~ u xO`} ^< Uq?
=
[ : 1. =i# x~
2. qxQ^~x ~ u xO`} 3 <u H^^
4. ` HK ~
280. "}[ O ^= } i\# i[~O =^ qQ LOz |} f#C_
H OÔ, "}[O qkOK =_~ @# U=O\~?
[ : O~ @
281. O~ @ =~H~?
[ : s _O@ ~ @
282. "}[O XHi _O\ K |_# qx= a# i[~O U ~ @=^ # _O\
K O ^ P~@# D qÔ Q ~ ?
[ : O~ @
283. ^"} HO i[~O O~ @# UqÔ Q =~K #?
[ : O~ @# OK#
284. u ^"} i` U~_#_ Bank Rate O|OkOz R.B.I f< K~?
[ : O~ @# `yO K#
285. n~H eH =_~ @ PiH ==# qÒ K # Jx ~#k?
[ : H<
286. HeH =_~ @ =K =~ Ô PiH H~H# =~Q=x qtOz#k?
[ : >
102
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
287. ` OH ~ @ ZO`? (2011 E< <\H)
Bank Rate
[ : 6%
S.L.R.
Reverse Repo -
6%
C.R.R.
6%
24%
6.50%
Repo Rate
7.50%
288. O~ @ Qi+O Q 12% K~ # O=`~O?

[ : 1991 JH|~
289. H OÔ, ` i\#, q^j=~Hx, |OQ~O, "}[ O, W`~ q` O
J=\x, H#\x U=O\~?
[ : |~OQ =~\ ==~
290. ^"}O HO H OÔ |~OQ=~\ K~ O|OkOz UK~ # fO@Ok?
[ : i\# J=Òk
291. ` i\# H OÔ JkH ^"x
K xqÒ UHO uiy HO@Ok?
[ : PiH =O^=
292. U OII i[~O K\xH K# =~}= #Q^ x ~ @# "Ò _l@ 3 #O_ 15%
OK JkH~x i[~O OkOk?
[ : 1962
293. #Q^ x x+u (CRR), K@ ~ " # ^=`~t (SLR) ^x QQ L#q?
[ : K~x x+u VRR
294. K@|ÔQ "}[O `==^ L# "Ò _l@ HOÔ =^ LOK=e# #Q^
x+ux U=O^~?
[ : #Q^ x x+u (C.R.R)
295. C.R.R H ~ u i=}xH Uq^" # O|OÔ LO@Ok?
[ : q= O|OÔ
296. ~ u xOuOKO^ H OÔ C.R.R Z@ f< K~ Uk?
[ : C.R.R OK#
297. "}[O `= "Ò _l @ HO`x+u #Q^ QQx, |OQ~~O Qx, |}~
x i\ ~= Qx (^=ÒQ P ~O) `= =^ LOKH=_x U=O^~ ?
[ : SLR - Statutory Liquidity Ratio (<`H ^=`x+u)
298. SLR x 25% `yO K=x ~ K# Hq\?
[ : #~O O Hq\
299. 2007 [#=i ` Pi<< ^~ 1949 Banking Regulation K\xH K# =~} Uk?
[ : SLR # x~~ OK_O iOQ `yOz R.B.I H K# WK#.
300. =#Ô Repo # " \# O=`~O
[ : 1992
103
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
301. Repo UHxH O|OkOz#q?

[ : HxH (^~}OQ 15 ~A LO@Ok)
302. =O^Q x~~ OK# `n#, x~~ OK# ~ @=^ uiy H#Q K#< XOÔ` Security
# qH~ JO\ "~ "^gx U=O^~?
[ : Repo Jx JO\~
303. i=~ ~ # i[~O ZC_ " \O k?
[ : 1996
304. q +` XH xs` `n#, xs` ~ @=^ uiy Jq" XOÔ` i\# H#_x U=O\~?
[ : i=~ i Reverse Repo
305. J=~" # ~OQ ~ u H~ HeOz, xH~" # ~OQ ~ u x `yO KO^ L yOK
~ u xO`} ^< # U=O\~?
[ : Q}`H ~ u xO`} ^ ZOH K# ~ u xO`}
306. gQ W=E# =q =, "}[O JOkOK |}xH =^Q `_# U=O^~?
[ : =i<
307. qxQ^~_ =xHQ == H#@H |}O f<@C_ == q= HO` Qx =O^Q
KeO K_x U=O^~
[ : Down Payment
308. ^~ ~QK# HO ~ u x `yO KO^H Down Payment O|OkOz O f<
K~ ?
[ : Down Payment # OK#
309. ~ u J#=u ^H = " \# O=`~=?
[ : 1965
310. ''<u H^^ J#Q?
[ : ^ ^$ =YOHx J=~ ^=O K=^x, Speculation "~xH
(JOK<"~O) |} Z=Q W==^x , H OÔ, "}[ O WK <u H^^
311. 1982 ^=q^#O J^ #O K @ R.B.I xqOz# Hq\?
[ : KH=i Hq\
312. q`q ^#O 1991 xqOK|_# q` q^#Hq\ ?
[ : #~O O Hq\
x zOz# Hq\
313. B.S.R.B x ~^ K
[ : #~O O Hq\
314. H OÔ, =~\ = |}# OKO^H O~ @# `yO K_x U=O^~?
[ : ^= q^#O (Cheap Money Policy)
315. =~\ JCf< =x OKO^H H OÔ O~ @ OK_x U=O^~?
[ : Hi# ^=q^#O (Dear Money Plicy)
104
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
316.
[:
317.
[:
318.
[:
319.
[:
320.
[:
321.
[:
322.
[:
323.
[:
324.
[:
325.
[:
326.
[:
327.
[:
328.
[:
329.
[:
330.
[:
331.
[:
332.
[:
BIS - Bank of International Settlement # U OII ZH_ O

K~?
1930 @~O_x (Basle)
PLR - Primary Lending Rate J#Q?
JkH ~ u =~ O Q M`^~ O |} Wz#_ = K =_~ @

qKH}
`H =_~ @# "= \# O=`~O?
1972
R.B.I JO|_"< ^H
x UOII " ># ?
1995
O #O_ `y# uO^# x<_ M`^~_ `# =# Z=iH x"kOKH=K?
JO|_"<
"@" ^\ R.B.I Q=~~ ?
`
"^\ ~f R.B.I Q=~~ Z=~?
C.D. ^=M
R.B.I PiH O=`~O Uk
A #O_ E<
Indian Millenium Deposite ^H
x 2000OII ~OaOzOk Z=~?
S.B.I
Q$ L# |OQ~x "eHf L`^H` " =eOK@ 1999 2000

^HO Uk?
S.B.I
"=\#
Golden Bonds Scheme
qxQ^~_ "~Q # = JOkOKO^H K# K# Hq\?

Qi Hq\
J` x~~H P He# O?
POÔ
J`kH OK, J`kH OHOQ "~O He# O
S.B.I
National Housing Bank O
K|_# O=`~O?
1988
1988 U~_# SEBI ^ # H OÔ?
=O
c=~OQO IRDA # U~@K# O=`~O?
2000
c=~OQO 1994 xqOK|_ Hq\?
= ` Hq\
105
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
333. U Budjet Local Area Bank OKO^H x~OfH<#?

[ : 1996 97
~ux $+
334.
[:
335.
[:
336.
[:
337.
[:
338.
[:
339.
[:
340.
[:
341.
[:
342.
[:
343.
[:
344.
[:
345.
[:
346.
[:
347.
[:
348.
[:
~ u x $+O K_O J<k "}[ O H U~H" # qkQ K =K

^q H qk
~ u x $+O K Oq
"}[O
_l@ OHK, "HK ^~ |} OHK, "HK# qÒK H # U=O\~
~u $+
^q H _l@ J#Q
M`^~ #Q^ # O _l\ K# _ U~_ _l@
=`# ^ kf } _l@ J#Q <q?
O M`^~_H |}O Wz#C_ M`^~_ ~ $+O K _l@# =`# _l@ JO^~
OHOQ == H #Q^ # f=K _l@
^q H _l@
O `= HiOz# _l@ H# Z= ~ @ ^"x OK_x Z=O\~
~u $+
=`# _l@ =~H ~
K~Q $+OK|_ _l@
O ^"x ~ ~ Kq =`" H=, ^"x LùK O _ Jx ~ u ^=O
"MxOzOk
~
O $+O K ~ u i=}O =YOQ nx P^~_ LO@Ok
#Q^ x x+u
"}[ O `= =^Q #Q^ Zx ~ @ ~ u x $+O KQ = J<k nx P^~_ #
_l@ Q}HO
_l@ Q}HO `H<O^ L yOK Ò
K= 1/R (K= _l@ Q}HO, R = #Q^ x x+u)
#Q^ x x+u 10% J~` _l@ Q}HO q=
10
#Q^ x x+u 20% J~` _l\ Q}HO ZO`?
5
#Q^ x x+u 5% J~` _l\ Q}HO ZO`?
20
106
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
349.
[:
350.
[:
351.
[:
352.
[:
353.
[:
354.
[:
355.
[:
356.
[:
357.
[:
358.
[:
359.
[:
360.
[:
361.
[:
362.
[:
363.
[:
364.
[:
365.
#Q^ x x+uH ~ u Q}HxH U ~H" # O|OÔ LOk

q= O|OÔ
PiH= = ^= i=}O `y` O WK ~ u
`Q #
"`=~}O P^ H ~ O Q L#C_ Q_Q ez, =~O ~Q< ^xx H< =#` O O~O@Ok.
Jx OH~# =iOz#k Z=~?
H^~
H OÔ =^ LOK=# #Q^ x x+ux Oz` O H ~ u x $+O K =~ O
`yÒk
[ ^"à~ z (`= =^ LOKH< #Q^ x) iQHk ~ u $+ =O
~u $+ `Q#
O JOwHiOK i\ iQHk
~u $+ ~Q#
Ô "~ i` LK^ L#C_ O ~ u $+
~Q#
Ô PiH =O^ i` <HO> ~ u $+
`Q #
[ OHOQ J"@ Z=Q LO> ~ u $+
~Q#
O ^"x $+O KQ = J# Ô`x P"kOz# =~O "~
"~ b, Z_< H#<
O, =# îK QkH (Cloak Room) `_ ^x "MxOz#k
H#<
OHOQ HOh K@O K |_# O=`~O
1949
OHOQ HOh K@O , OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O HO^ =i# O=`~O
1966
"}[ O qq^ P @|_ K@C_ \OK=# =Y x= Uq
eH_\ , ^ H`, ^`
eH_\ J#Q<q?
M`^~ `= =# J_y# "O@< O KeO KQe Q =~ O
^=`xH, ^H` U ~H"# O|OÔ H^
q= O|OÔ
eH_\ , ^ H` =^ ~ # =#O LO_@@ =#~ O} K @ q[=O`" #
OHOQ ~ O Jx ~#k
107
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
366.
[:
367.
[:
368.
[:
369.
[:
370.
[:
H^~
`=O` `" i~= P ( eH_\ O Q ~)
O_
=#Ô #Q^ `~` JkH eH_\ x He# q
Call Money
"}[ O P JC \ P , JC U" # K~
Z_=" JC, _" P
=Oz O LO_=e# H}
q
^=`, ~ ` O, "HK` O, i[~ x~OK@, ^`, ^ H`
O ^=`xH JkH ^#`# W
`Q #
^~~ x~O
371.
[:
372.
[:
373.
[:
374.
[:
375.
[:
376.
[:
377.
[:
378.
[:
379.
[:
380.
[:
^= x\# nx P^~OQ K =K
XH x\^=O H< = =#|\
^=O H H#Q H< U=O\~
^= q=
XH x\ ^=O Zx == # H#Q^. J<k ^x P^~_ #
= = ^~ #
^~ ~ Z=Q L#C_ ^=O q=
`Q ` Ok
^~ ~H, ^=O q=H U ~H" # O|OÔ LOk
q= O|OÔ
PiH == ^=~t iy#Hk ^~ ~ ~Q# H|\ ^=~tH ^~ ~H Q
O|OÔ Uq\?
^< `H ^ J#= O|OÔ
^=~t Ô`xH = ~+_Q Z=ix ~
r< _<
1588 ^=~t Ô`x ukOz# W@b ^ _
_q< *\
1752 e\H _~ J< QOÔ ^=
iy` ^~ ~ ~Q#x ~#k
_q_ "
^=~t ÔÒ U J"iH PiH" ` ` =__ LOk
WiOQ +~
108
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
381.
[:
382.
[:
383.
[:
384.
[:
1911 The purchasing power of money J< QO^x ~Ok

+~
MV = PT J<k Z=i gH~}
O
+~
MV = PT V ^xx è*
#
P^ ^= ~ "QO #
O ^"x _ H xH fO> +~ gH~}
x Z\ ~~
MV + M1 V1 = PT ^ P = MV + M1 V1
T
385.
[:
386.
[:
387.
[:
388.
[:
389.
[:
390.
[:
391.
[:
392.
[:
393.
[:
394.
[:
395.
[:
396.
[:
+~ ^= ÔÒ èk
^=~t ~ \O K ^~ ~ ~ \O J~ ^=O q= Q= Q#
+~ ^=~t ÔÒ ^=O H U qk P^~OQ K |_k
qx= =^==
^=~t ÔÒ H~O ^=~tH, ^~ U O|OÔ LO@Ok
J#= ^ ` H O|OÔ
^=~tH ^=O q= U O|OÔ LO_#
q= O|OÔ
"~, ==~ ÔÒ Jx nxH ~
+~ ^=~t ÔÒ
a@<x H Oa_ x=i\H KOk# =~, Q , ~|~ < , H< q=iOz# ^=~t Ô`x
U=O^~
H Oa_ gH~}
O
H Oa_ ÔÒ ^=O H U qk P^~OQ ukOK|_Ok
q= xk
#Q^ x ^=~t ÔÒ (Cash Balance Approach) Jx nxH ~
H Oa_ gH~}
O
H Oa_ gH~}
O K ^xH =#O
+~ ÔÒ ^=~ "QO H q=xH =#O
K = 1/V ^ V=1/K
M=PKT ^ P= M/KT J<k gi gH~}
O
~|~ < . (K = x[ PÔ [ LOKH#Q ^=x Ò)
M=PKY ^ V= M/KY J< gH~}
x ~OkOz#k
=~ (Y= "= *fÔ)
M=PKR ^ P= M/KR J< gH~}
x ~OkOz#k
Q
109
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
397. N=PK ^ P= N/K J< gH~}

x ~OkOz#k
[ : H< ( N= "Ò ^=)
398. +~ gH~}
O P H H Oa_ gH~}
O P H =Ò Uq\ ?
O P Jx "~ ==~ Q@
^~ , H Oa_ gH~}
O P qxQ ==
[ : +~ gH~}
Q@
^~
399. +~ , H Oa_ gH~}
T =^ =Ò Uq\?
O T qxQ
[ : +~ ÔÒ T Jx~H "~ ==~# è* #, H Oa_ gH~}
== O|OkOz# "~ ==~# è* #
400. +~ ÔÒ qx= =^=xH ^#`x=Q, H Oa_ gH~}
O U q= ^#`xzOk.
[ : q= xk
401. +~ ÔÒ ^=
" KOHO HQ H Oa_ gH~}
O ^= ~ ~ U ~H" #
KOHO
[ : x KOHO
402. ^= q=# x~~ OK@ H< ukOz# Ô`x U=O\~
[ : ^ @|_ ÔÒ
403. PiH == ^ HO> @|_ Z"` Oq OK e Ò
[ : ^~ ~Q# [ I > S ]
404. PiH == @|_x ^ JkQq O|qOK e Ò
[ : ^~ `Q#
405. ^=~t ÔÒ J<k ^= _=O_ Ô`" Qx, Lù ^ P^ ÔÒ H^x ~#k
[ : q< _=<
406. "The quantity theory of money - a Restatement" J< QO^x 1956 "Ok
[ : zHQ x=i\H KOk# q< _= <
407. ^=~t Ô`xH ~ O_ rq`x kOz#k ( ^=~t Ô`x #ukOzOk)
[ : q< _=<
408. q< _= < H~O _=O_# x~~ OK JO
[ : <Q
Z) ^~}^~ ~ a) "= PÔ ) =_~ @ _) ^~ ~ =~~@
409. #g# ^= "Ô ^ ^="^ q= O ^ P^ xH ^=~t ÔÒ Jx Z=i Ô`x JO\~
[ : q< _= < ÔÒ
410. "= x =O (Real Balance Effect) ~#k
[ : \<H < (Patin Kin)
110
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
^"}O [Inflation ]
411. ^"}O J#Q
[ : ^~ ~Q`LO_ H (K^~ L#uH^)
(Inflation is a process of rising prices. Not a state of higher Prices)
412.
[:
413.
[:
414.
[:
415.
[:
416.
[:
417.
[:
418.
[:
419.
[:
420.
[:
421.
[:
422.
[:
423.
[:
424.
[:
JkH H~ h <@# *sK _" (Issue of too much Currency) ^"}=

>
` = =~ tx K ^== `~= _" (Too much Money chasing too few Goods) ^"}=
_< (H|~ _ W^ J~= x~zOK#)
^=O q= _ =_= JO> ^~ ~Q_ " ^"}=
H^~
= =# H#_xH L yOK ^=~t JO^@## =~ tHO> "QO Q ~Q_ O
= ^"}= U~_#
WiOQ + ~
x~O`~ Q=xOK^y # ^~}^~ ~x ~Q^ ^"}O
(Ackley) JH
H~^y # (Desirable) ^"}= ZO` `= LO@Ok?
Ja=$k KOk# ^= O=`~=# 23%, Ja=$k KO^`# ^ O=`~=# 45%
LO_=K.
~ +xOQ ^~ xO`} =O\ ` q^<= ^~ ~Q^ J}z @|_#K Jk U~H" #
^"}= ?
HxOKx ^"}= (^) J}z" |_# ^"}=
U q^" # P@OH= O_ ^~ x~=kH= Q iy` Pu x U=O\~?
|~OQ ^"}= (Open Inflation)
u O=`~= ^~ qÒQ ~Q` LO> U~_ ^"}=.
H ^"}= (Moderate or Creeping inflation) ^~}=Q D ^"}= 23% LO@Ok.
H O\ J< PiH "` H~O ZO`Ò HO> O=`~ ^~ ~Q O_ LO> Jk H ^"}O.
3%
^~ u O=`~= 4 5% KC# ~Q` LO> U~_ ^"}= ?
#_K ^"}=
^~ uO=`~= 10% KC# ~Q` LO> U~_ ^"}=?
iQ ` ^"}=
''=< =i ''#~= H~= Golloping inflation ZO` LO@Ok ?
O=`~xH ^~ ~Q^ ~ O_ JOH OY #Oz =_ JOH OY =~ LO@Ok.
Ex: "^\ O
K ^= `~ "` [~h U~_Ok.
111
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
425. O=`~=# =_ JOH OY# qOz (More than three digit) ^"}= iy` U~_
^"}=
[ : Hyper inflation. D HO ^"xH ZO\ q=O_^
426. ~ W<+ < H= ^= ~ "Q= UqÔ Q LO@Ok ?
[ : ^= ~ "Q= "Q= Q ~Q#.
427. Semi inflation, True inflation Jx ^"}=# ql Oz#k?
[ : J.M. H<
428. PiH == O~ L^y` ~H K~H ~= Lù ^< H~` = Lù == iy,
^~ iy` U~_ ^"}= ?
[ : HH ^"}=
429. PiH == O~ L^y` ~H K~ # `~ "` U~_ ^"}=?
[ : x[^"}= (True inflation)
430. q^j ZQ=` _=O_ ~Q@ = P== Lùx OK_xH g H ` "\ ^~
~Q#. D ~H" # ^~ ~Q^# U=x JO\~?
[ : q^j "~ i` ^"}=
431. PiH == q+ ~ HO>, q+ _=O_ Z=Q L#C_ U~_ ^"}=?
[ : _=O_ i` ^"}=
432. q+ _=O_ ~Q_ xH Q H~}=
[ : qxQ =OQx, @|_ =OQx, ` =OQx ~Q@
433. "`< , # "^Q#q ~Q@= Lù =O iy e ÒQ ^~ iy` U~_ ^"}=
[ : = i` ^"}=
434. @|_^~ OKH#@= ^~ iy` U~_ ^"}=?
[ : Mark up inflation. i` ^"}=
435. q "`< OK@ = = iy ^~ iy` U~_ ^"}=
[ : "`# i` ^"}=
436. "`# i`, i` ^"} D ^"}= Q
[ : = i` ^"}=
437. = i` ^"} Ô`=# ukOz# "i =Y
[ : "H.G. =<, ''_"<
438. Lù = ~Q@, q+ _=O_ ~Q@= U~_ ^"}=
[ : q= ^"}=
439. " Structural Inflation" Ô`=# ukOz#k
[ : K~ L. +
440. ^"} q~== J< =## " \# k
[ : J.M. H<
112
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
441. PiH == K~# H< == "`= Lù q= H< Z=Q LO> P u x D ~HO Q
~
[ : ^"} q~==
442. H< `# ^"} q~= =## D QO^= KiOK#
[ : How to pay for the War.
443. ^"}xH O~O Q =u~H iu
[ : u ^"}=
444. PiH == U iu ^=O q= ~QÒ^ JO> ^~ `Q ` LO\ Piu x
U=O\~ ?
[ : u ^"}=
445. ~QK LO_ ^~ #, Ò q^# ~HOQ `yO K@# D qÔ Q ~
[ : Dis - Inflation
446. Lù L^y` `QO_ ^~ `Q ux Z=O^~?
[ : Dis - Inflation
447. u ^"}x x"iOKO^ Ò f# K~ H}OQ ^~ iQu x ` k.
[ : Reflation
448. PiH QxH `__ ^~ ~Q^# D qÔ Q ~ .
[ : Reflation
449. ^"}O, s+ < =^ `_ Uq ?
[ : ^"}O ^~ ~Q^ =~\ = [~Q#, i+ < ^~ ~Q^ ` K~
= [~Q# (Note :- =~\ J#Q _=O_, ~ )
450. Inflation, Reflation H#_ H} O
[ : ^~ ~Q^
451. Deflation, Dis - Inflation H#_ H} O
[ : ^~ `Q^
452. ^"}O` @Q, PiHa=$k~ @ | ` # è* @ P. =< L yOz# Ô
[ : Q + < (Stagnation + Inflation ^ H~H)
453. Stagflation # =~~
[ : Slump flation ^ Inflationary Recession
454. ^"} ~ Z=Q LO__O ` @, x~^y` ~ Z=Q LO@, Lù ~ =~x
iu <=O^~?
[ : Stagflation
455. ^"}x q+ }
K ^= ^"}O, ^~ ^"}O J< =sH~ }
K# PiH" ` .
[ : WOlOQ
456. ^= "`< x =~ ~ @, x~^y` Q O|O^x ` k
113
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
[:
457.
[:
458.
[:
459.
[:
460.
[:
461.
[:
462.
[:
463.
[:
464.
[:
465.
[:
466.
[:
467.
[:
468.
[:
469.
[:
470.
[:
471.
[:
e =H~Y
x~^y` 6% HO> ` =Q L#C_ e H~O "`# ~ @
"`# =~~@ ~QÒk
x~^y` 6% L#C_ "`# =~~@ UqÔ Q LO@Ok
'#
^="`< x =~#, x~^y` Q O|OÔ
q= O|OÔ
e ~ Y U ^ PiH == P^~OQ ~OkOK|_Ok
a@<
e ~ YH~O PiH == ^"}O O_, ^~ ~ ` x kOKO>, P PiH ==
JkHO Q LO_=e# u Uk.
x~^y`
O KO "^@Q U `|O Oq Oz# ^~ u~Q@# ^"}OQ QiOzi
16= `|O
^~ "# ~Q^ PiHa=$k ZO\ =O K#
=Oz =O K# ( nx H< _ =iOK#)
^"}xH Q H~}
Z) _=O_# OKq
a) =x ~ OKq ) W`~ H~}
_=O_ ~ OK H~} =Y"# q Uq?
[< ~Q^, `=O ~Q^, @|_\ q^#O, ^=~ ~Q@, `|}
~Q@
=x ~ OK H~} =Y"# q
q "`< ~Q@, Lù H~H =O ~Q@, ~`# ^` g_@, `~OQ
O J=~` , H$ u " s `, JO`~fOQ \ ^~ ~Q@.
"~ == ^z " @, _ nxHH~}=Q#.
^"}O
<=kQ ^~ ~Q^ = Lù _ =O Z LO@Ok
~Q@K @|_, Lù ~Q#.
^~ XH~x ^\iy` Lù _ =O Z LO@Ok?
\ "~O iy, "~ #+ =K, Lù K_ =O _ #.
^"} HO ~}^` =O
~}^` #+ `~
~}Q ` ^"} HO ZO^ _ ` ~
JCf#C_ ^=O q= Z=Q LO_#. uiy ^"}HO ~}O uiy f~@=
` = q=Q ^"x Wz#@=Òk.
114
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
472.
[:
473.
[:
474.
[:
475.
[:
476.
[:
477.
[:
478.
[:
479.
[:
480.
[:
481.
[:
482.
[:
483.
[:
484.
[:
485.
[:
486.
[:
487.
488.
[:
~ P^=~O "~ ^"} HO

#+`~
xs` =_~ @ L# _O K~ He# "i =O
^"} HO #+ `~
^"}HO _ " ~ Z=~
~}Q `, "~ , "\^~, =, Lù^~, ^ ==^~
^"}HO #+ "~
~}^`, qxQ^~, "`# O O^"~, OK#^~, =_ PÔ O^"~, J^ ,
@HO P^~_ " ~, O_Q "~
^"} HO _O K~ @|_ \# "~
#+`~
^"}O= ^ ZQ=`
`Q`~
^"}O = XH^ kQ=` =O
kQ=` ~Q`~
q^j KeO +O ^"} =O ZLO@Ok
q^jKeO +O @ U~_Òk.
^"}x x"iOKO^ H OÔ O~ @#
OKÒk
^"}x x"iOKO^ H OÔ |~OQ =~\ K~ QOQ K K~ Uk
` i\# =~\ J=Òk
^"}x x"iOKO^H RBI CRR ZO\=~K #
CRR # OKÒk
^"} xO`}H Q}`H K~ QOQ =i##
OKÒk.
^"}O# xOuOKO^ H O^ O J=OaOK q^#O
Dear Money Policy (Hi#
^= q^#O)
qxQ^~xHK ~ u , Down payment Oz, Installements |OY `yO nxx `yO KO^H
fH< K~
^"}O
^=~"# K~ RBI H KOk#qHQ, H~ " # K~ K> k Z=~?
HO^Ò
^"}x `yO KO^H Ò `# =x
[ : `yO K#
^"}HO J=OaOK=# |_\
qQ |_\
115
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
489.
[:
490.
[:
491.
[:
492.
[:
493.
494.
[:
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
[=^ #O_ ~} fH=_O, # OK@O J<q nx x"~}H fH<K~

^"} xO`}
Jx J`=~ == # `|^" # ^~ Z= *hHxH JOkOK K~ # U=O^~?
O} q^#O (P.D.S.)
^"}x x"iOKO^H ==, ~qH~O Q Lùx OKO^ K~ fH<q^#O
Lù q^#O
"`< , r`, #< ^"}x x"iOKO^H Ò fH< K~ <=O^~
P^ q^#O (Income Plolicy)
~ =_= K O_ @|_ >" ~ ^"} HO
[ : #+`~
HO e ~ Y U ~H" # "He LO@O^x e ~<#?
~}`H O|OÔ
n~H O e ~ Y Y JH~ xH =O`~O Q LO@O^x ~#k [ : _=<
~}`HOQ LO_ e ~ Y#, Y JHxH =O`~O Q LO_ _= < ~ Y# ~r=~O =~K
e ~ Y# ~OkOz#k
[ : *" \a<
^=O q= =~# HeK ^# O Uk ?
[ : p OY
PiH= O^x x"iOK@ LHi OK |_\
[ : @ |_\
x~=kHO Q Q ^~ `< x U=O^~?
[ : u ^"}O
u ^"}O L#C_ O~ @#
[ : `yOKe
\ =~\ U== ` "~O [~QÒ^ P^~ HiOz, zH ` ~K |_`
Pp
\ ^~ p (Wholesale Price Index) WPI
WPI H =~~
[ : Lù^~ ^~ z (Producer Price Index) PPI
=#Ô ^"}x Q}O KO^ L yOK MuQOz# p
[:
502.
503.
[ : WPI (Wholesale Price Index)
504. WPI Q}O KO^ L yOK P^~ O=`~O
[ : 1993 94 ( ` O 200405)
[ : ` O < "sQ
505. WPI Q}O K HO
506. WPI x Q}# fH<== ~Hq ? "x J`kH iÒ == Uq?
[ : Z) ^q H == (20.01% iÒ)
a) , HH KOk# == (15.0% iÒ)
) =#HiOQ == (64.9% iÒ nxH Q^)
507. Jal` < Hq\ WPI x Q}OKO^ P^~ O=`~x UO=`~O#Oz U O=`~O#
=~=x ~KO k
[ : (200405).
[ : r=# =p
508. qxQ== ^~ zH (CPI) =~~
509. =[O qq^= ~ [ r=#u Q` `H=_xH L yOKk
[ : CPI (qxQ=^ ~ p)
116
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
510. qxQ ^~ p ~Hq

[ : 1) CPI - IW (for Industrial Workers)
2) CPI - UNME (for Urban Non-Manual Employees)
3) CPI - AL (for Agricultural Labourers)
4) CPI - RL (Rural Labourer)
511.
512.
513.
[:
514.
515.
[:
516.
[:
517.
518.
[:
519.
520.
[:
521.
[:
522.
[:
523.
[:
524.
525.
[:
526.
[:
527.
qxQ ^~ pJu=Y"# k
HO^` L^Q (D.A) H~ =` O H\ O KO^ L yOK p
Z=i =}H =~^ ~ H CPI # Q} ~
[:
[:
CPI - IW
CPI - IW
I.L.O. (International Labour Organisation)

CPI - IW Q}# JkH ^#` (~O) O^==

GNP Implicit price deflator #ZO^ L
y~
[ : P~O
(Food) 46.1%
^"}x Q}O KO^ ( ` ^~ , P^~O =`~ ^~ `_ ^"}O)

qxQ ^~x ^~ zH `=OQ ~Okz# p
Consmer Expenditure Implicit price deflation (qxQ^~x = J=H `} zH)
2009 E<, PQ+ =^ #"^ J~# WPI P^~ ^"}O ZO`? [ : ~}`HO.
WPI x PPI Jx ~ . nxx ^~} ^~
~ ~ @ Q}O KO^ L y~ . CPI nxx
Q}O KO^ L y~
r=# =x Q}O KO^
"^\ OK=~ }oH HO \ ^~ z
[ : 17.0% `yO k
^"} Xu_ "^\ iQ ~O" # }oH Uk?
2= OK=~}oH
1991H ~O =#Ô ^"}xH H~}
@_\ , ^=~ ~Q@, #^# O, O ~ u q~ }
"^Q#q
#`# PiH O~} `~ "` =#Ô ^"} ^~} Z\ LOk?
1991 2000 HOHO> `~ "` HO ` =Q LOk
^"}x =#Ô xOuOKH =_xH H~}
H=i`, == L`` `Q^, ~QK# \, K=~, ^~ "II
''^"}O J<O, u ^"}O PK~}
QOH^ "Inflation is unjust and inequitable and
deflation is inexpendient" Jx "MxOz#k
[ : H<
_=O_ i` ^"}xH H~}
#^=O =$k, [<~Q^, ^=~ ~Q^, = P^ ~Q, ` =O
~Q@
= i` ^"}xH H~}
JkH "`# ~ @, JkH =i#, JkH #, L`^HH~`
1991 1994 =^ =#Ô U~_ ^"}O U~H" # k?
[ : Stagflation
117
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
z~Orq
ECONOMY
` qÒ
528.
[.
529.
[.
530.
[.
~ "# @ J#Q?
~ "# =O ~ "# ~|_
|_\ @ J#Q?
"Ò =O "Ò ~|_
H @ (Fiscal deficit) J#Q?
"Ò =O ~ "# ~|_ { J $+O Kx =^# ~|_
H @ (fiscal deficit) "Ò =O Total Receipts other than borrowings (^)
"Ò =O ~ "# ~|_ { ~} = { @|_
LO ~} ^~ =K ~|_ (^)
|_ @ s @ { Market Borrowings and other liabilities
of the government
531.
[.
532.
[.
533.
[.
534.
[.
535.
[.
536.
[.
537.
[.
538.
[.
539.
[.
^q H @ J#Q?
H @ =_ KeO
=x>*_ @ (Monetised deficit) J#Q?
#`# H~ h <@# =kOK@ ^~ s K < @# =x>* _ @ JO\~. Wk H
@ QO.
~}`~ ~|_ { ~ "# ~|_, ` "Ò =xH =^ LO_ =`x U=O^~?
H@
`xH =K ~|_ Zx ~HQ LO\~?
~ O_ ~H : 1) ~ "# ~|_, 2) =^# ~|_
~ "# ~|_ U =~ ^~ =~?
~ O_. 1) # ~|_, 2) < `~ ~|_
=# Ô O~} ~O ` H # ^~ =K ~|_ ^~} U qÔ Q LOk?
PÔ, P # qkOKq ` H #. 195051 #Oz 199091 =~ ` H # #Oz
=K ~|_ `Q K =zOk. 36 #Oz 16%xH `yO k.
#`# PiH O~} `~ "` ` H # ^~} U qÔ Q LOk?
# ~ @ `Q @
=# ` H # #Oz =K ~|_ 199091 #Oz <\ =~ ~Q` =zOk.
=YOQ H~~\ # #Oz =K ~|_ "QO Q ~QK#k.
200809 (P) PiH O=`~xH ` H, ~H # "\ ZO`?
` H # "\ 55.5%, ~ H # "\ 44.5%Q LOk.
=#Ô ~H # ~|_ ^~} U qÔ Q L<~?
195051 #Oz #`# PiH O~} =~ ~H # ^~ ~|_ ~Q` =zOk. #`#
PiH O~} `~ "` ~H # ^~ =K ~|_ `Q ` =zOk. <_ ` H # #OK
Z= Ò # ~|_ =O k.
z~Orq
118
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
540. ` O =#Ô J`kH # ~|_ U # ^~ ==K#k.

[. H~~\ #. (200506 =~ J`kH # ~|_ H O^ ZH * OHO #Oz =Kk. 200607
#Oz H O^ ZH * OH# JkQq Oz H~~+< # ^~ JkH # =O k.)
541. ~H # U # ~|_ ~Q` =O k?
[. " # (nxx 199495 " ># )
542. 200708 <\H GDP # Ò ZO`?
[. 12% (200809 (P) 10.9%, 200910 |_\ JOK< 10.4%)
543. H O^ `xH =K < `~ ~|_ =Y"# k?
[. _q_O_, , =_ , ^~} =
544. O* x\ # (Fringe Benefit Tax) # U |_\ ">#?
[. 200506
545. ` =x xOuOKO^ 2000 O=`~O xqOK|_# = O~} Hq+< Uk?
[. w` H$+< Hq+<
546. ` =O `yO KO^ w` H$+< Hg+< zOz# =Y K#?
[. P~ a_ `yO , Z~= a_ `yO , ` |Ok =O `yO .
547. =HQ ` O Q HO> =*xH Z=Q x K ~ == ?
[. "i\ Q_. L^ : ^q H q^, *~QO, i` , =~^ xO`}
548. =[O HO> = ^ =xH Z= x K ~ == ?
[. <<" i\ Q_. L^ : L#` q^
549. 1991 # O~} xqOK|_# Hq\?
[. ~* K
Hq\
550. K
Hq\ ~ =Y"# q?
[. `H # ~@ `yOKe. O=< # (Presumptive Tax) = Ke. J==H$`
~OQx _ # ikH f~"e. =# _ # ikH f~"e. y \H#
H#yOKe. TIN #O PAN # " \e.
551. 1992 ~H # xqOK|_# Hq\?
[. H .Z.~ v Hq\
552. 2002 O=`~O ` H =i ~H # ijeOKO^ xqOK|_# Hq\?
[. H~ Hq\
553. H ~ Hq\ ~ =Y"# q?
[. P^ # iqux H ~ OKe. P^ # == ~ O_ LO_e. "`#
L^Q O_~ __H < # iQ `yOKe. ^j HOh H~~\ ## 30% `yO Ke.
MAT # ~^ K
e. O^ ## ~^ K e. ZQ=u ~~f, `H ~^ K e.
"^Q#q.
z~Orq
119
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
554. u O=`~O ` ^H O H # iH`Q JOK< " ~OkOK |_\ ?

[. # P^~ |_\ (Zero Based Budget). 1969 J"iH XH " \ i= " \i .
1999 =#Ô z#`~ i= _~" O\ " ># .
555. 1988 Controller of capital issues # ~^K U~@ K# O?
[. SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)
^" # ^ HeOzi?
556. SEBI H U O=`~O K@|
[. 1992
557. SEBI #`# J^ _?
[. .a." (C.B.Bhave) (2011 #Oz U.K. < )
558. Economic Advisory Committee K~<?
[. .~OQ~[<
559. q[ H ~ J^ H` # U~@ K |_# 13= PiH O O W`~ ?
[. WOk~ ~*~=<, Or"q J` ~ , K` ~ k
560. Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act K|_# O=`~O?
[. 2003. (2004 E #Oz J=H =zOk)
561. ZO\ # KeO Kx HOhH L^t Oz# MAT " @|_# O=`~O?
[. 199697 (Minimum Alternate Tax)
562. 12= PiH O O 200910 <\H # GDP x+ux ZO` OKx ~ K#?
[. 17.6 Ò#
563. 200809 <\H ~"# @# HO^~R ` ZO` `yOKx 12= PiH OO
~ K#?
[. 0 (H @# 3%xH `yO Ke)
564. 12= PiH O O H~O O} KO^ g# # ~ WK "\# ZO` ÒQ
x~~OzOk?
[. 30.5%
565. 2008 U 1 #Oz J=H =z# Direct Tax Act ~ U P^ K@O #O =zOk?
[. P^ # K@O 1961
566. ^ "sQ `yO K H O^ J=H # 2008 U 1 #Oz ZO` Ò #Oz ZO` `xH
`yO K|_#?
[. 3% #Oz 2%# (2010 =i 31 <\H iQ x~eOK|_Òk. 2010 U 1 #Oz GST
(Goods and Service Tax) J=H ~Q^.
567. FRBM K@O H~O GDP ÒQ ~ "# @# f O=`~O ZO` Ò `yO Ke?
[. 0.5% (200809 <\H ~ "# @# iQ x~eOKx K\x =iOzi)
z~Orq
120
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
568.
[.
569.
[.
570.
[.
571.
[.
572.
[.
573.
[.
574.
[.
575.
[.
576.
[.
577.
[.
578.
[.
579.
[.
580.
[.
581.
[.
K@O H~O H @# u O=`~O GDP ÒQ HhO ZO` Ò `yO Ke?

0.3% (200708 <\H GDP H@ 3 HO> ` = Ò LO_e)
FRBM K@O
2003 xqOK|_# Task Force J^ H` =Oz#k?
q[ H ~
2001 xqOK|_ ~ ~k " Hq\ ^xH KOk#k?
10= }oH O|OkOz # O~}
=O`~ PiH == ^xH O|OkOz#k?
# ^=O (Black Money) ^ K@ =u~H ^=O
`xH =K ~ "# ~|_x Zx ~HQ K =K ?
Z) # ~|_ (Tax Revenue)
a) <`~ ~|_ (Non-Tax Revenue)
`# O^ `H [#O` O|OÔ O_, [Oî [#O HO Ò K
=xH u =H x~O Ô Q `xH KeO K "`x U=O^~?
#
# _< Wz# x~K#O Uk?
Ò K =` xqÒ O_, Ò x~O Ô Q qkOK^ #
Direct Quid - Pro-Quo ^x q+O LO_^ ?
#
< `~ ~|_ =~ Uq ?
A
, ` H qkO, [i=<, <b, Z\, [ , _l@ n#O, Ja=$k #,
"}[ P^, QO@, H#H, ` P #O_ =K PÔ "^Q#q.
'A
J#Q?
Ò JOkOK = #O_, ` H [#O Ok# "i #O_ "\H # Y~ HO` QO
= K ^x A
JO^~. L^ : sH A
"~ x = =~}O z#_ P P `xH KO^_x U=O^~?

Z\
Ò U^< Ja=$k H~H=x K\ # _, ^x=# P q= iy` P [=#
#O_ "~ Ok# J#Ò HO` Qx UH" Ò Q Ò = K ^x
U=O^~?
`H qkO
` ^H =# [#O Ok#_ ^x =# a Ok# "i #O_ ^ "sQ =
K "`x U=O^~?
Ja=$k #
# qkO HO |\ Zx ~H?
2. Z) `èH #, a) ` #
FRBM
z~Orq
121
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
582. `èH # J#Q<q?

[. Ô H+ i` L#_ `èH J=~ f~<O^H qkOK #.
L^ : ^ =O qkOK ~K i
583. ` ukH qkOK ## U=O^~?
[. ` #. L^ : O^ #, J=HO #
584. 1860 =#Ô P^ ## U ukH qkOzi?
[. `èH ukH 5 OII qkOzi.
585. U OII #O_ P^ ## x~=kHO Q qkOK_O ~OaOzi?
[. 1886
586. # qkO P^~OQ (on the Basis of Imposition) ## Zx ~HQ =sHiOK=K?
[. 2 ~H. 1) xi+ # (Specific Tax), 2) q= Pî` # (Advolaram Tax)
587. =#Q` # (Advalorem Tax) J#Q<q?
[. = q=# |\ # qk ^xx =#Q` # ^ q= Pî` # JO\~.
588. xi+"# # (Specific Tax) J#Q<q?
[. = |~=# |\Q x, i=}x |\ Qx, # i=}O# |\Q x, OY#|\ Qx # qk
^xx xi+" # # JO\~.
589. # ~ @ +_ P^~OQ ## Zx ~HQ ql ~ ?
[. 4. Jq : 1) ~Qq #, 2) u~Qq #, 3) J#` #, 4) _Q " #
590. ~Qq # J#Q?
[. # P^~" # PÔ ^ O^ iQHn # ~ @ _ iy#K ^xx ~Qq #
JO^~. L^~} P^ #, H~~\ #, O^ #
591. # KeO =~ Ò P^~_ # # Uk?
[. ~Qq # (WO^ O} <O \OK_O [~Q#)
592. u~Qq # J#Q<q?
[. # P^~" # PÔ (^ O^) iQHn # ~ @ `y# K ^xx u~Qq # JO\~.
J#Q Z= PÔ H"i # ~O ` =Q LO@Ok.
593. # qkO P^~" # P^~` O|OÔ O_ # ~ @ ~ O Q qkOK_x U=O\~?
[. J#` #. L^~} J=HO #, H" OHO. # KeO =~ O` D #
O|OÔ ^ .
594. PÔ iQHn # ~ @ ~Q`#\H ~QqÒ H} LO> J@=O\ ## U=O^~?
[. _Q" #
z~Orq
122
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
595.
[.
596.
[.
597.
[.
598.
[.
599.
[.
600.
[.
601.
[.
602.
[.
603.
[.
604.
[.
605.
[.
606.
[.
607.
[.
608.
[.
609.
[.
# ~ @, # ~|_H =^ Q O|O^x èk?

~ ~Y (Laffer curve)
# ~O Z=~ i ~ J< ^xx |\ ## Zx ~HQ ql OK=K?
~O_. Z) `H #, a) ~H #
# è =O, JOu= =O XH =H LO> ^xx U ~H" # # JO\~.
`H #. L^ : P^ #, H~~\ #, O^ #
# ~x |kb K _xH gx # Uk?
`H #
K@s ` qkOK|_# # XH~ KeO z, ^x HO` QO Hx, "Ò Hx =~H~ Ke ^xx
U ~H" # # JO\~?
~H #
# è =O, JOu= =O "~ ~ = LO> J\O\ ## U=O^~?
~H #. L^ : ZH * OHO, H" OHO, J=HO #.
# ~x iQQx, HH O Q Qx |kb K _xH gO> Jk U ~H" # # L^~}?
~H #
^~}OQ == # =# qkOK ## U=O^~?
~H #
^~}OQ P^# , P # qkOK ## U=O^~?
`H #
== Lù [iQ #O # qk Jk U ~H" # #?
ZH * OHO
== J=HO [iQ@_ # qk ............. #Q =|_#.
J=H #
` H # L^~} Uk?
P^ #, H~~\ #, O^ #, |=u #, Z\ _\
~H # L^~} Uk?
H" OHO, ZH * OHO, J=H #, " #
O KO VAT # "^@Q J=K# Ô Uk?
<
=#Ô VAT J= P=H`# èiQ zOz# Hq\ Uk?
Z.H . ~ Hq\ (1978)
z~Orq
123
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
610.
[.
611.
[.
612.
[.
613.
[.
614.
[.
615.
[.
616.
[.
617.
[.
618.
[.
619.
[.
620.
[.
621.
[.
622.
[.
623.
[.
U |_\ MODVAT # " ># ?

198687
U |_\ CENVAT # ">#?
200001
=#Ô ^" O Q VAT J= ~O" # O=`~O?
2005 U 1
=#Ô VAT # J=K# "^\ ~RO?
~< 2003 U 1
VAT ^x #O J=H =zOk?
~ J=H #
VAT # P"kOz# z=i ~RO Uk?
L`~ ^ 2008 [#=i 1.
" # (Service Tax) # "@" ^\ iQ U O=`~O " ># ?
199495
199495 " ## " \# _ " # ~ @ ZO`?
5 Ò
" ## 5 #Oz 8%# U O=`~O OK_O [iyOk?
2003
200607 #Oz " ## 10% #Oz ZO` OK_O [iyOk?
12%# ( ` _\ 201011 " #~@ 10%).
H O^ Ò qkOz, = K, =z# P^x `< LOKH< #
H~~\ #, H" OH, O^ #, |=u #
H OÔ qkOz, = K, =z# P^x ~` OKH< #
P^ #, HO^ ZH * OHO, " #
H OÔ # qkOz, = K, ~|_x "Ò ~ WK #
Z\ _\, >i# \H, ~ ~"} #
H O^ Ò qk ~R ` = K x, `" P^x J#q OK #?
H O^ *a` KOk# O _\, O^~ ^# == # \~\ =y qkOK ZH *
OHO
624. ' ` P^ =# QiOz, D P^ =# XH^x` XH\ ~ @ K @# QiOz
q=iOK#^ ` q` G= Jx x~zOz#^=~?
[. _<
z~Orq
124
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
625.
[.
626.
[.
627.
[.
628.
[.
629.
[.
630.
[.
631.
[.
632.
[.
633.
[.
634.
[.
635.
[.
636.
[.
637.
[.
638.
[.
639.
[.
Qi+ O H [# Ô`=# ukOz#^=~?

_<
# O@ # _ K ~ =~= =O\=x ~x#k?
iH~
"i\ H~O> Uq?
U == qxQx ÒK=K "\< "i\ H~O\~.
` q` GO J^ #O K JOq?
` ~|_, ` =O, ` ~}O
aH Q_ JO> Uq\?
x@Q ql Oz, q_q_Q = OK_xH, J=_xH gx = =
" \ Q_ JO> Uq\?
= q_q_Q [#O HQK q
` H~H ~Q^ Ò K #^=~?
"Q~
"Q~ ` H~H Ò Uq K|Òk?
` H~H ~Q@ ` =O ~Q@ H~}O.
Q` + # ÔÒ JO> Uq\?
" \ ~OQO Lù J == , ` ~OQO Lù J == =^ ~ # =`HO
LO_x K_O.
# |^~O JO> Uq\?
# KeO z#"~ P # ~x W`~ |kb K _O
# ~O =O^ |kb JO> Uq\?
## == ^~ He qxQ^~ |kb K _O
# ~O "#H |kb JO> Uq\?
## == ^~ ` H O_ Lù ^< u # `yO K_O .
PiH H~H# , " \ @|_, Lù, ^, qxQ# , =#~ H \~O# Z@=O\
=O HQK
x # q^#O# U=O\~?
`@ # q^#O
qxQxH, qH xHQx XH OÒxH "t OK ~ qkOK ## U=O\~?
PH #
XH OÒ #O_ W`~ O` " } # , == # qkOK ## U=O\~?
>i# #
z~Orq
125
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
640.
[.
641.
[.
642.
[.
643.
[.
644.
[.
645.
[.
646.
[.
647.
[.
648.
[.
649.
[.
650.
[.
651.
[.
652.
[.
653.
[.
#^# O (Black Money) JO> Uq\?

K@q ~^" # H~H =# PiOz# PÔ, H Kx PÔ
# ` OKH=_O JO> Uq\?
K@O x x|O^# # JuHqOK O_ # #O_ ` OKH=_O
# ZQ"` JO> Uq\?
ÔQ H ^~ `xH <OQ KeO K=# ^xH< ` = # KeO K_O .
~ @ JO> Uq\?
xH O [g^ qkOK "\x ~ @ JO\~.
HOh `= PÔ KeO K ## U=O\~?
H~~\ #
ZQ=u, kQ=u J == qkOK OH# U=O\~?
H" OH
H`Q ~OaOz# iqH O # KeO K#=~O O_ Hx O=`~ =~ ~~f
O^_x U=O\~?
# q~=O
P OkOz#_ q= H<, "\x Jq#_ q= Z=Q L#@~` P `_ qkOK
## U=O\~?
=^# # (Capital gains Tax)
KeO =# # "Ò J^#OQ HO` Ò K# qkOK ## U=O\~?
~K~
K@O x+kOz# H~H# x~Oz# "i qkOK "`x U=O\~?
[i=<
PiH O x Z=~ xq~ ?
~` ~Ru
Zx O=`~ XHi PiH O x xq~ ?
5 O=`~
~` ~*OQOx U PiH H~O PiH O x xq~ ?
PiH 280
Ò i |_\ # QO_ `èH |_\ # " @_x U=O\~?
F\ P< JHO\
z~Orq
126
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
654.
[.
655.
[.
656.
[.
657.
[.
658.
[.
659.
[.
660.
[.
661.
[.
662.
[.
663.
[.
664.
[.
665.
[.
666.
[.
667.
[.
O H =`H Ô`x ukOz#^=~?

Q`
q^ ##iOz q` ÔÒ# U G"` ~` =__ LOk?
Z..~~
==Ô ## " @=x ~ K# Hq\?
H .Z<.~* Hq\
=O #x " @=x zOz#^=~?
H~
` H~H @ |_\ q^<x =iOz#^=~?
*.ZO.H#
# qkO x=# ~#^=~?
P_"`
`H #, ~H # JO^"# JHK=O\q Jx K#^=~?
Q_<
`H # ij< O J^_=~?
"OK
O^ #x ~ K# ^=~?
H~
Q` |_\ ^x qOz ` |_\ u^## "\ [<# =kO K |_\#
~OkOK@# U=O\~?
# ukH |_\ q^#O (Zero based Budgeting)
u H~H=xH =O [< =kO K |_\ u^# x~~ OK_x U=O\~?
=~ ukH |_\ q^#O (Performence Budget)
"^\ << Hq+< J^_=~?
H..xy
S^= << Hq+< J^_=~?
=g~ `y
P~= << Hq+< J^_=~?
|#O^~_
z~Orq
127
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
APPSC
Q` `x =^<
^=O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
"^g ^=~t Ô`x [Transcations quantity theory] W`# ~OkOK# [J.L. 2001]
1) H<
2) + ~
3) ~|~ <
4) =~
( )
''^=O UOK O ^ J^ ^=O Jx Z=~ K~ ? [J.L. 2001]
1) _ = <
2) + ~
3) ~a<<
4) "H~
+~ qH~}
O` e#C_ H Oa_ qx= qH~}
O D q+ O qa#` Hey LO_#
[J.L. 2001]
( )
1) ^"x ^KH=@O HO> Y~@\xH ^#` WK#
2) ^"x Y~@@O HO> ^z@_xH ^#` WK#
3) "~ ==~ HO> =O^ *Q`H ^#` WK#
4) ^=O qx= =^ =OQ xK #
#Q^ x x+u 12% "}[ O =^ _l@ ~.510 H@ J~#K, "}* O
$+O K ~ u i=}O [GTL. 2001]
( )
1) 3000H@
2) 4250H@
3) 5,000H@
4) 8,350H@
K@O ` O|OÔ O_ H OÔ, Jx "}[ O# ~ u x `yO Kx K q#x
W ~ [GTL. 2001]
1) ~ u ~ +xOQ
2) <u H L^^
3) #Q^ i[~ x+u
4) |~OQ ==~ =~\
~ u xO`} ^< Ju ~`#"# k [GTL. 2001]
( )
1) O~ @
2) |~OQ =~\ ==~
3) K~ i[~ x+u CRR
4) <u H L^^
( )
'O ~ @ JO> D HOk ^xH =iOK XH Hh~ @ [GTL. 2001]
1) [ H OÔ ~ u x JOkOK ~ @
2) W`~ O H OÔ ~ u x JOkOK ~ @
3) "}[ O ~ u x JOkOK ~ @
4) `xH H O^ O ~ u x JOkOK ~ @
K@s ` ^=` x+u JO> O XH Hh Ò DHOk ~O KOKe [GTL. 2001]
1) ` i\Q 2) #Q^ Q 3) |OQ~OQ 4) q^j H~ hQ
^= x x+ux x~~ OKk [GTL. 2001]
( )
1) H OÔ
2) "}[ O
3) =~\ K` =~#
4) `=
1. 2
z~Orq
2. 4
3. 2
4. 2
5. 2
6. 1
128
7. 2
8. 1
9. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
10. W`~ q+ =~ O_ L#C_, XH O ^=Ò, ` O =^ LO_ O|OÔ [NGT.2005]

1) ^< `HO
2) |}`HO
3) O|OÔ LO_^ 4) UH `HO ( )
( )
11. JkH HQ ^=O D "`xH =#O [NGT. 2005]
1) [=^ =i O L# ^=O
2) [=^ H~ h, O =^ K@| ^" # =i qQ i[~
3) [=^ ^=O, O =^ K@| ^" # ^=O
4) [=^ #Q^ ^=O =i O i[~
12. H O^ Ò qkOz, = K =z# ~|_x `< L yOK # [GT. 2006]
1) P^#
2) J^# ZH * OH 3) J=H #
4) H~~+< #
13. O^ ÔÒ ^=O Ju =Yqk [JL. 2006]
( )
1) q= H=#O
2) q= xk 3) q +` KeO =}O 4) qx= =^ =O
14. ^=~t Ô`x #qOz#"_ [JL. 2006]
( )
1) WiOQ + ~
2) \a<
3) ". _ = <
4) _. \OH <
15. ' M3 ^=O JO> nxH =#O
( )
1) H~ h { _=O_ _l@ { xs`H _l@ 2) H~ h { OH _l@
3) H~ h { _=O_ _l@
4) H~ h { O ^~ [iy ~ u $+
16. O^ ÔÒ H~O 10% ^=O iy` ^x =O W LO@Ok [JL. 2006]
1) 10% HO> Z= x[ "`# ~ @ `Q ` Ok
2) 10% ^= "`# ~ @ ~QÒk
3) 10% "~ x[ "`# ~ @ `Q ` ~
4) 10% x[ "`# ~ @ ~QÒk
17. HOk"\ Uk L`= ^==# LO_=# H}
= [JL. 2007]
( )
1) èH
2) JkH |~=
3) èH =i q"# k
4) q=` @ |~=# Hey LO_@O
18. Ju =Y"# ^=qk [JL. 2007]
( )
1) qx= ^# OQ xK _O
2) ^ PiHa=$kx "Q= OÒ K _O
3) =~` Hey# = H=# == # H#Q K _O
4) = h
19. Q+" ÔÒ ^xH O|OkOz#k [JL. 2007]
( )
1) qxQ= =i _=O_
2) =i _=O_
3) ^= K=}
4) u ^"}O
20. ^=O ''^~} H#Q HH XH `èH x"O Jx K # PiH" ` [JL. 2004]
( )
1) _< \<H <
2) ^=
3) q< _ = <
4) PO_~ =i *~<
10. 2
11. 2
12. 4
13. 4
14. 3
15. 1
16. 3
17. 3
18. 1
19. 3
20. 3
z~Orq
129
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
21.
M1 D
HOk ^xH =#O [JL. 2004]

( )
1) [=^ H~ h, O =^ _=O_ _l@ =i RBI =^ W`~ _l@
2) [=^ H~ h, O=^ Hiqu _l@ =i ^ _l@
3) K=} L# <@ <}, O =^ _l@, ^=O =i "Ò _l@
4) M3 - M2
22. ^=O _=O_ ''x[+ =O "^\ iQ " \# "_ [JL. 2004]
( )
1) P~. e
2) _."K. ~|~ <
3) Z.. Q
4) _. \OH<
23. aH =^ L# H~ h =i O aH _=O_ _l@ ~ O_ He RBI H~O nxH =#O
[GrII2005]
( )
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
24. ^ = =i_ q^#= [In a pure barter Economy]
[JL. 2007]
( )
1) XH ^==, Jk "HO\k ~~O JOwHiO|_@O (A money, Such as goat may be
mutually Accepted)
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
2) ZOH K ~q ÒQ LO_@O (Freedom of Choice is limited)

3) ^~ ~ O Q LO_@O (Prices are fixed)
4) H ^~ Wz LO_@O (Relative prices are given)
O_, i\, qs <@, = HOk |Q`# HeyL#q [JL. 2007]
(
1) ~ l ==
2) `~ Q^
3) ` = ^=Ò ^ ` = ~ =i_H J=HO LO_@O
4) = h
Hx+ ^=`=# Hey#k Uk [JL. 2007]
(
1) ~ =^# =
2) ^==
3) +~
4) K
Z= ^=Ò He# , ^= ~ H=#O [JL. 2004]
(
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
1) M1
M3 ^= H=#= ^xx K~ H^[JL. 2007]
(
1) [ =^# # #Q^
2) x _=O_ _l@
3) O =^ ## _=O_ _l@ 4) O =^# # H _l@ (>" _l@)
RBI ZO` Hh |OQ~= x= L#@~`, <@# *sK =K [JL. 2007]
(
1) 85H@
2) 115H@
3) 200H@
4) 250H@
^=~t ÔÒ DqÔ Q JO\Ok [2003 Gr-II]
(
1) ^=~tH, ^=q= =^ ^< `H O|OÔ L#k
2) ^=~tH, ^# q= O|OÔ L#k
3) ^=~tH, ^# =^ ` H O|OÔ L#k
4) ^=~tH, ^=q= =^ q= O|OÔ L#k
21. 1
z~Orq
22. 4
23. 1
24. 2
25. 3
26. 1
130
27. 1
28. 2
29. 2
)
)
)
)
)
)
30. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
31. q< _ = <# J#iOz, ^= _=O_ nx P^~_ LO@Ok [2003 Gr-II]

(
1) qxQ^~x =^ L# #Q^ x+u
2) "}[ O _l\ K# #Q^ x x+u
3) qq^ P ~O L# "`= O^
4) PiH == Lù i=}=
32. K_ ^== =Oz ^"x ìq" # [J.L.2003]
(
1) H<
2) *.a.
3) =
4) Q+"
33. ''q ^== HOk "x Uk [J.L.2003]
(
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
34. H< H~= ^ = J<k nxH O|OkOz#k [Savings Function] [DL.2007] (
1) =_~ @ 2) P^= 3) `q^#= 4) LO` =^# =~ =
35. HOk"x M1 Q= Hx^k ? [DL.2007]
(
1) W`~ _l@
2) _=O_ _l@
3) H~ h 4) =_ HeyO_ _l@
)
)
)
)
OHOQ
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
~`^ OH H `x ~+H ~ }
OK _O= |}q~ }
^xH Hey#k [2000 Eco.] ( )
1) ^# ~OQ
2) ==xH
3) z#`~ i= 4) = x
Of Qg} O D O=`~O O K|_~ [2000 Eco.]
( )
1) 1972
2) 1970
3) 1975
4) 1974
( )
ZQ=` kQ=` OH O K|_# O=`~O [2000 Eco.]
1) 1980
2) 1982
3) 1985
4) 1975
^"xH Q XH =Yqk U^#Q [2000 Eco.]
( )
1) Jk qx= =^ ==
2) nxH XH PH~= Hx, ~H # (_*# ) Hx, ~OQ Hx LO_^
3) Jk ^xH ^xH =^ `^ Hey LO_^
4) ^ =^ =`#\H Jk *fOQ LO@Ok
"}[ O ^"x $+ ~ ZO^H#Q [2000 Eco.]
( )
1) H OÔ #Oz Jq i\# HO\~ 2) "\H Q ^ `# Jq Q~q~
3) "\ _l@ |}# $+ ~
4) Jq H~ h <@# =k~
^=x x+ux x~~ OKk [2000 Eco.]
( )
1) =~@ K ` =~#
2) "}[ O
3) H O^ O
4) `=
( )
^= q^#O Z=i^#Q [2000 Eco.]
1) `xk
2) H OÔk
3) ^"x JK"ik 4) "}[ Ok
31. 3
32. 4
41. 3
42. 2
z~Orq
33. 3
34. 2
35. 4
36. 4
131
37. 3
38. 2
39. 1
40. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
43. b_OH ^H = D O=`~O " @|_Ok [2000 Eco.]

( )
1) 1951
2) 1969
3) 1975
4) 1981
44. H OÔ ^ #qk [GTL 2001]
( )
1) `xH x^ JOkOK_O
2) "}[ O x^ JOkOK_O
3) L^y`# $+O K_O
4) ~ u x xOuOK_O
( )
45. H OÔ, ~ u xO`}# D H O` K O k [Gr-II 2003]
1) JO`~` ^~ ~ ` O
2) q^j =~H ~ ` O
3) PiH =$k
4) = h
46. D HOk "x, Uk i=}`H ~ u xO`} û H^ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) O~ @
2) i[~ x+u =~ 3) P^# *sK _O 4) " g H=
47. |~OQ =~\ H~H#Q [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) |~OQ =~\ ~ +< == # qH~OK@
2) >[s a#, |~OQ =~\ J=@, H#@
3) |~OQOQ, x+kOz# == # J=@
4) " g H=
48. H OÔ =^ "}[ O LOK=## Hx+ #Q^ x#
( )
D qÔ Q~O\~ [Gr-II 2003]
1) SLR
2) CRR
3) SRR
4) LRR
49. DHOk "x Uk ^q H _l\ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) JC fHx, "}[ O K# _l\
2) "}[ O |}x _l\ K @O
3) "}[ O #Q^ # _l\ K @O
4) "}[ O =^< x _l\ K @O
50. |~OQ =~\ K~ J#Q [J.L. 2001]
( )
1) _l@ H~}
2) H OÔH #O_ |} fH#@

3) H OÔ ` i\# J=_O, H#_O 4) ` ~OQ O |} WK@
51. ~` Ô <@ *s (H~ h) J=OaOK Ò [J.L. 2001]
( )
1) HH qt` û 2) Hh*sû 3) Hh x û 4) J#` x û
52. '' O H =O ^"x HiOK O H^, ^"x Lù K O _ Jx ~#k
[J.L. 2003]
( )
1) H^~
2) ~
3) =<
4) *<
53. O #Q^ x x+u 20% J~` _l\ Q}HO ZO` [J.L. 2003]
( )
1) 4
2) 5
3) 10
4) 20
43. 2
44. 4
45. 4
46. 3
47. 2
48. 2
49. 3
50. 3
51. 3
52. 2
53. 2
z~Orq
132
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
54. O ~ @ J#Q [J.L. 2004]

(
1) "}[ O ^ _l@ JOkOK ~ @
2) "}[ O HeH |} qkOK ~ @
3) H~ O@ M` _l@ "}[ O JOkOK ~ @
4) H OÔ "}[O x JOkOz#O^Q# f< Hh _O@ ~ @
55. K@| ^" # ^=` x+u JO> [J.L. 2004]
(
1) HOh +~ "}[ O @|_ Ò
2) ` i\ "}[ O ` xi @|_ "\
3) i[~ OH =^ LOK "}[ O "Ò i[~ "\
4) q^j O ^j O _l@ "\
56. HOk"x Uk Q}`H ~ u xO`} ^# O [J.L. 2004]
(
1) |~OQ =~@ ==~
2) #Q^ x x+u
3) ~ u ~ +xOQ
4) O~ @ q^#O
57. XH O H ^=Ò =i ` O ` =^ O|OÔ W LO@Ok [J.L. 2004]
1) ^< `H UH f O|OÔ
2) ^< `H UH `H Hx O|OÔ
(
3) J O|OÔ LO_^
4) q=OQ LO@Ok
58. HOk "\ Uk ~`^ O "}[ O ^ # ~OQO JOkOK ~ u xzO k ?
[J.L. 2004]
(
1) s i= |}e=_O
2) ==~OQxH, z# `~ i= =i |#=~ JOkOK ~ u
3) q^j HOh JOkOK JC
4) ~ H$uH q` i` JOkOK JC
59. O ~ @ JO> [Gr-II 2005]
(
)
)
1) "}[ O ^ _l@ JOkOK ~ @ 2) "}[ O H~ O@ _l@ JOkOK ~ @
3) "}[ O HeH |} qkOK ~ @

4) ^= } a# uiy _O@ K _xH H OÔH qkOK ~ @
60. W`~ q+ ~ O Q LO> XH O H ^=Ò =i ` O =^ O|OÔ
( )
1) ^< `HOQ LO@Ok 2) q=OQ LO@Ok 3) U O|OÔ LO_^ 4) UH ÒQ LO@Ok
61. "}[ O 'HH~O Q |}H~ O J< ^H O U ~OQ ~ u H~ O HeOK_=
[~Q#. [Gr-II 2005]
( )
1) s i=
2) q^j HOh
3) ==, z# `~ i= =i |# =~
4) J`=~ i` `xH ~ u H~ O LÎI H$ u " s `
[Gr-II 2005]
54. 4
z~Orq
55. 2
56. 3
57. 4
58. 2
59. 4
133
60. 2
61. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
62. HOk "\ Uk `C [Non Gaz 2005]

( )
1) H OÔ Ô ~ u xO`} ^ ` K@
` Ok
2) H OÔ O OH
3) H OÔ PiH }oH# K_ Òk
4) H OÔ, "}[ O# H+H O P^HO@Ok
63. O ~ @ JO> [Non Gaz 2005]
( )
1) "}[ O ^ _l@ JOkOKk
2) "}[ O H~ O@ JHO@ _l@ JOkOKq
3) "}[ O HeH |} qkOKk
4) H O^ O ^= } qx= a# s _O@ K _xH qkOKk
64. JkH ^#` =~ ~ u "x ÒKk [Non Gaz 2006]
( )
1) Q}`H xO`}
2) i=}`H xO`}
3) Hi# xO`}
4) ^= xO`}
65. "}[ O ~ u x xOuOK@ i[~O fH< K~
( )
1) ~ u Qi+ iqu 2) q` "\ 2) _l@ Qi+ iqu 4) ^= x"\
66. NABARD # O z# O=`~O
( )
1) 1968
2) 1964
3)1980
4) 1982
67. O ~ @ JO> [J.L. 2006]
( )
1) =~\ =_~ @
2) H O^ O _O@~@
3) O_ =_~ @
4) "}[ O JOìOK |}~@
68. HOk"\ Uk H~ O H^ [J.L. 2006]
( )
1) ^q H q Ja=$k O
2) Of Qg} O
3) ~+ H~ O
4) H O^ q Ja=$k O
( )
69. ZC_` "}[O '~ u $+ K < JC_ Wk ~Q# [J.L. 2007]
1) ^ `= H =_O
2) ^=O ~ ~
3) ^= "= H#Q H
4) x[ *f^=
70. HOk "x Uk i=}`H ~ u xO`} û H^ [J.L. 2007]
( )
1) F< =~\ ==~
2) SLR qK~} (=~)
3) O ~ @
4) JC H=# =i#
71. ~`^ O "^\ iQ H_\ H~ q^<x " \# k Z=~ [J.L. 2007]
( )
1) _# ~ H 2) < H~ 3) S.B.I. H~
4) O@ OH P WO_ H~
( )
72. WK@ R.B.I. H ^ # H~= L#k
1) _b
2) H#~
3) =O
4) <H
62. 3
63. 4
71. 1
72. 3
z~Orq
64. 1
65. 1
66. 4
67. 2
134
68. 2
69. 2
70. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
73. 1969 *fO K# O OY [DEO-2008]

1) 12
2) 14
3) 20
4) 16
74. ~` i[~OH U O=`~= *fO K |_Ok [DEO-2008]
1) 1935
2) 1947
3) 1949
4) 1951
75. ~`^ O H O^ O q^ # x~iOKk [DEO-2008]
1) O@ OH P WO_
2) WO_ < X=~ OH
3) i[~ OH P WO_
4) \ OH P WO_
76. D HOk "\ Uk i=}`H ~ u xO`} ^# H^
1) OH ~ @
2) #Q^ x =~
3) <u H~ " # K~
4) |~OQ =~\ K~
^"}O
77. JkH ^=O, Hk == # "\_@O J#Q [2000 Eco]
( )
1) =OÔ
2) ^"}O
3) Q + <
4) 1 =i 3
78. x ^"}O (Stagflation), ^"}xH =i nxH O|OkOz#k [Gaz 2006] ( )
1) Z= =$k
2) =$kq
3) XH ~=$k
4) ` = =$k
79. =i` ^"}O# W _ JO\~ [Gaz 2006]
( )
1) _=O_
2) "`# i` ^"}O
3) x~}`H ^"}O
4) _=O_ i` ^"}O
80. ^"}O =# Z=~ _ ^ ~ [J.L. 2007]
( )
1) ^ K# "~ 2) JC Wz# "~
3) |}Q
4) #< O^"~
81. ` \ ^~ z (WPI) P^~ O=`~O [Gaz 2006]
( )
1) 1993 94
2) 1971 72
3) 1980 81
4) 1981 82
82. D H~}O =# = i` ^"}O U~_# [J.L. 2007]
( )
1) qxQ =O ~Q^
2) P^# ~ @ ~Q^
3) "`# ~ @ ~Q^
4) _=O_ ~Q^
( )
83. i+ < (Reflation) J#Q[J.L. 2001]
1) H ^"}O
2) | ` ` _# ^"}O
3) PiH =O^x x"iOK@ L^ ~HOQ ^~ OK@ 4) " g H=
84. Stagflation (Q + < ) ''O # ^"}O J#Q[J.L. 2001]
( )
1) ^~ `Q ^ `@ x~^y` ~ @ `Q @
2) JkH x~^y` ~ @`@ JkH ^"}~@
3) Lù ~Q^` @Q ^~ `Q @
4) Lù ~ O Q LO_@ ^~ `Q @
73. 2
74. 3
83. 3
84. 2
z~Orq
75. 3
76. 3
77. 2
78. 2
135
79. 2
80. 3
81. 1
82. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
85. ^"}O =# Z=iH Z=Q [#O HQÒk [J.L. 2001]

(
1) OK< ^ ~
2) "`# ^~
3) |}^`
4) |}Q `
86. _=O_ `H ^"}= H~}O [DEO 2008]
(
1) == Lù ~Q^
2) iqH Lù ~Q_O
3) Ja=$k ~" # Y~ ~Q_ O
4) Oè` |_\
87. Ô`~ O Q ^"}= O|qOKk ZC_O> [DEO 2008]
(
1) J`=~ == ^~ P^x qOz#K
2) "= GDP =$k~@H< ^= =$k~@ JkH"#K
3) H~ h =~H ~ @ `Q_ O =#
4) KeO +O @HO>, HO |O^ @ JkH" # K
(
88. '' Q + < J#Q [DEO 2008]
1) PiH= $k O_ ^"}O
2) x~^y``@ ^"}O
3) 1 =i 2
4) u^"}O`@ ^"}O
89. e ~ Y è O|OÔ g\=^ [DEO 2008]
(
1) ^"}O =i x~^y`
2) ^"}O =i "`<
3) ^"}O =i u^"}O
4) ^"}O =i J=O^ O
(
90. ~`^ = ^"}x Q}O KO^ iQ}O Kk [DEO 2008]
1) CPI
2) WPI
3) CPI - UNME
4) CPI - AL
91. ~`^ = ^~} ^~ zH# H OK#_ J`kH i`x JkOKk [DEO 2008]
1) ` s L``
2) ^q H iH~
3) WO^# O, =~, HOu (\ =i aHO\) 4) kQ=`
)
)
)
)
)
)
` qÒ
92. ~H # Z=iH |^~O [~|_# [2000 Eco]
( )
1) Lù^~
2) @~
3) L^Q
4) qxQ^~
93. 9= qÒO J^ [2000 Eco]
( )
1) r=<
2) +`
3) H .a. ~ _
4)
94. =O # zOz#"~ [2000 Eco]
( )
1) H~
2) H<
3) Q
4) <
95. PiH =O^ O O q OQ =i @ ^= q^#=# ukOz# PiH" ` [2000 Eco]
1) H<
2) H~
3) *.a.
4) ~ ~
( )
96. `H# ij# O=# <_[2000 Eco]
1) "OK
2)
3) +`
4) K"<
85. 4
86. 3
95. 1
96. 1
z~Orq
87. 2
88. 3
89. 1
90. 2
136
91. 1
92. 4
93. 4
94. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
97. iy# q= Ki qkOK # [2000 Eco]

( )
1) P^ #
2) XH~H" # J=H #
3) ZH * OH=
4) |=u #
( )
98. ~Qq # q^#O [2000 Eco]
1) PÔ iQ Hk # ~ @ ~QÒk
2) PÔ iQ Hk # ~ @ `Q ` Ok
3) PÔ iQ Hk # ~ @ ~ O Q LO@Ok
4) PÔ `y# Hk #~@ ~ O Q LO@Ok
99. @ |_\ JO> [2000 Eco]
( )
1) =O HO> PÔ Z=
2) PÔ HO> =O Z=
3) PÔ =O =#O
4) PÔ ^ =#O
100. ~Qq # J#Q [GTL 2001]
( )
1) #~@ ~Q^ P^ =$k~ @ H< JkHO Q LO_@O
2) #~@ ~Q^ P^=$k~ @ H< ` =Q LO_@O
3) #~@ ~Q^ P^=$k~ @ =#OQ LO_@O
4) # ~Q^ ~ @ P^=$k~ @ ZO\ O|OÔ ^
101. ~`^ P^ # XH [GTL 2001]
( )
1) ` H =i J#` #
2) ~H =i J#` #
3) ` H =i ~Qq#
4) ~H =i ~Qq#
102. ZH * _\ [GTL 2001]
( )
1) è~O =i JOu=~O XHi< LO_#
2) è~O XHi# , JOu= ~O WOHHi LO_#
3) ~O ~O H#Q ^~x# #, JOu=~O Lù ^~x # # LO_#
4) Lù ^~x # < JOu= ~O LO_#
103. =O # ukOz#"~ [GTL 2001]
( )
1) ~* K

2) Q_
3) =Q "
4) H~
104. Z\ _\ D HOk OII `yOK|_#k [GTL 2001]
( )
1) 1985
2) 1990
3) 1999
4) 2000
105. _\ @ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) "`= ~|_ "Ò =O
2) ~ "# ~|_ ~ "# =O
3) =^# ~|_ =^# ==
4) "Ò ~|_ }oH`~ =O
106. =O ## ukOz# "~ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) _<
2) ~* K

3) } =Ys
4) H~
107. # KeOK H zH [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) qxQ=
2) O^
3) P^=
4) |=`
97. 2
98. 1
99. 2
100. 1
101. 3
102. 2
103. 4
104. 1
105. 1
106. 4
107. 3
z~Orq
137
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
108. H @, =_ KeO # f" # Z_ aOKk [Gr-II 2003]

( )
1) ~ "#@
2) =^# @
3) ^q H @
4) " g H=
109. q^ # QiOz q`= =Y H@
# K# "~ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) H<
2) Z.. ~ ~
3) *.". |H#< 4) W.*. q<
110. 12= PiH qK~} O O J^ _ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) H .. O`
2) Z.". Y
3) . ~OQ~[<
4) =<<O Q
111. ==H Ou # ukOz#"~ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) ~* K
Hq\ 2) H .<. ~* Hq\ 3) # qK~}Hq\ 4) "OK Hq\
112. nxH |^Q, q= Pî` # ukOK|_Ok [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) q<^ #
2) J=H #
3) @~=~#
4) =$u#
113. ~` ` Ja=$^` ~ =O Z= QO ^xH O|OkOz#k [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) a_
2) ~H}
=O
3) =_ KeO
4) i< =O
114. @ ^=q^#O J#Q `= gi #O_ JCfH#@ [Gr-II 2003]
( )
1) [
2) "}[O
3) H OÔH
4) SEBI
115. O} =#`x ÒK_xH # q^# ~ @ W LO_e [NonGaz 2005] ( )
1) J#ÒQ
2) ~QqQ
3) u~QqQ
4) " \ U^<
116. XH ` H # JO> [NonGaz 2005]
1) W`~ H =~_xH g#k 2) JOu=~O, ~O ~O ~ O_ XH =H LO\~
3) JOu=~O TOKx k
4) x~HiOK|_^ H `yOK|_^
117. qq^ |_@
@ J`kH q= Hey#k [NonGaz 2005]
( )
1) ~ "# @
2) q` @
3) |_@
s @
4) ^q H @
118. P^ # #O_ aOK ~|_ [Gaz 2006]
( )
1) HO^`" HiOK#
2) ~+` HiOK#
3) H O^, ~+ ` O} K H##
4) xH `` O}
( )
119. H O^ O #O_ |}x HiOz ^"x $+O K@ [Gaz 2006]
1) @ q`=
2) ~ u $+
3) |kb KeO 4) q` ~
120. H O^ ` # ~|_ ^ #"# 2 Q[J.L. 2006]
( )
1) H O^ ZH A =i i^ OH
2) P^# =i ZH A #
3) O^ # =i i^ OH
4) i^ OH =i P^#
121. H O^ Ò H ~ "# =O Ju^ JOO [J.L. 2006]
( )
1) ~, H Oê` O` JOkOK QO@
2) a_
3) =_ KeO
4) W`~
( )
122. 12= q` Hg+< J^_ [J.L. 2006]
1) . ~OQ~[<
2) Z.Z". Y
3) H .. O`
4) =<" < OQ
108. 3
109. 2
110. 3
111. 2
112. 2
118. 3
119. 1
120. 2
121. 3
122. 1
z~Orq
113. 3
138
114. 3
115. 2
116. 2
117. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
123. ~` # ~|_ HOk U ^~}x H#|~< ~? [J.L. 2006]

( )
1) ~Q`# ^~}
2) H}
# ^~}
3) `@ ^~}
4) Jxq` ^~}
( )
124. ~` Ô 200203 <\H q` @ [J.L. 2006]
1) 3.8%
2) 4.5%
3) 5.9%
4) 6.2%
125. ~` 200203 <\H # =i ^j L`` =^ x+u [J.L. 2006] ( )
1) 8.9%
2) 3.3%
3) 5.6
4) 12.8%
( )
126. Q_ `= nx` O|OkOz#k [J.L. 2007]
1) ~+ =i xH O =#~ O}
2) H O^ ~+ ` =^ }oH =# O} K _=
3) H O^ O #O_ ~+ H~ O ^==# O} K _O
4) q UgH=
( )
127. #`# '=Ys `= nx #O =zOk [J.L. 2007]
1) =~ `=
2) Q_ `=
3) ~ `=
4) q UgH=
( )
128. 10= PiH Hg+< K~ < [J.L. 2007]
1) } =Ys
2) H .. O`
3) "<^ i
4) =<" <O Q
( )
129. == H=Ò # zOz#k [J.L. 2001]
1) èOQO Hq\
2) ~* Hq\
3) "OK Hq\
4) Y Hq\
( )
130. 11= q` O J^_ [J.L. 200I]
1) H .. O`
2) Y
3)
4) `y
131. ` H # xqOK|_ q[ H ~ \~ ~ K# JO=? [J.L. 2003] ( )
1) O_~ __H < # `yOK@
2) =\# `yOK@
4) = x
3) GST # " @@
132. XH == qkOK # P == q=# |\ LO> P # # W JO\~? [J.L. 2004]( )
1) q= ~ #
2) P_"~" # 3) ` H #
4) ~H #
133. MODVAT ~`^ O D O=`~O J= iK~? [J.L. 2004]
( )
1) 1981
2) 1986
3) 1992
4) 2001
( )
134. #` =K ~|_ 1990 #Oz D ^~}x H#|~< ~? [J.L. 2004]
1) `Q ` # ^~}
2) ~ " # ^~}
3) ~Q`# ^~} 4) Jxq` ^~}
( )
135. J_"~" # JO> [Gr. II 2005]
1) uH "Ò qkOz # 2) XH gH~}
#
3) #+ i~#
4) == q= P^~OQ = K #
123. 1
124. 3
125. 1
133. 2
134. 3
135. 4
z~Orq
126. 2
127. 2
128. 2
139
129. 2
130. 2
131. 4
132. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
136. 20062007 J`kH # = nx ^~ =z#=x #"^ J~Ok. [DL - 2007]

1) =HQ ` P^#
2) " P__ #
3) ZH * OHO
4) H~~+< #
137. U 2003 #O_ qkOz# " J__ # (Value Added Tax) U # |^Q =z#k?
(
[DEO - 2008]
1) q<^ #
2) J=H #
3) @~=~ q^ # 4) =$u #
138. '@ PiH q^#O J#Q Ò JCf<k gi =^ #O_ [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) [
2) "}[ O
3) H O^ O
4) =^# =~\
139. == PÔ # ukOz# "~? [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) ~*K
Hq\ 2) H .Z<.~* Hq\
3) # qkO qK~} Hq\ 4) "OK Hq\
140. HOh Hx+ `= # (Minimum Alternate Tax) (MAT) ukOz#"~?
[DEO - 2008]
( )
1) =<" < OQ
2) O` <
3) [=O` OQ
4) zÔ|~"
( )
141. "~K Hq\ ^xH O|OkOz#k? [DEO - 2008]
1) ~H #
2) `H #
3) == P^# 4) q #
142. =O g^ # u kOz# "~? [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) _<
2) H~
3) ~* K

4) P_" `
143. # ~O (Incidence) J#Q [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) == # # qkO
2) # ~x |kb K @
3) # J#+OyH=
4) #~= z=~ _k .
( )
144. ` Ja=$^`~ (Non-development) Y~ Z= "\ L#k [DEO - 2008]
1) a_
2) ~H}
==
3) =_ KeO
4) iH ==
145. 200607 |_\ Hx+ `= # [MAT] ~Q^ q^#O [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) 10 #O_ 12 Ò
2) 11 #O_ 11.5Ò
3) 7.5 #O_ 10 Ò
4) 5 #O_ 7 Ò
( )
146. ~`^ O 2005 06 HO J`kH ~|_ Wz# # [DEO - 2008]
1) H" OH
2) P^ #
3) H~~\ # 4) ZH * OH
147. H O|O^ @ #O_ =_ KeO # f"
Q =|_k [DEO - 2008]
( )
1) ^q H @
2) ~|_@
3) |_\ @
4) ^=~" # @
136. 4
137. 2
146. 4
147. 1
z~Orq
138. 3
139. 2
140. 4
141. 2
140
142. 2
143. 4
144. 3
145. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
ENDOWMENT E.O EXAMINATION HELD ON 27-4- 2008

148. + ~ JaO ^~ # x~~ OKk
(
1) @|_ ~
2) y~H "HK=
3) ^= i=}= 4) ^= "Q` ~}O
149. Q+" Ò nxx q=iOK#
(
1) ^= q= ^~ ~` q==Q =~#
2) ^= q= ^~ ~` ` H= Q =~#
3) K_ ^== =Oz ^==# ~^#
4) =Oz ^== K_ ^===# ~^#
150. | J< JOK< "~ q +` O_ ^~ D qÔ Q LO\x T~
(
1) _ =#
2) ~Q#
3) ~ O Q LO_# 4) X_^_
151. D HOk"x ^==# Uk J=~ H}
= H^
(
1) q= xk
2) JOîK` P"kO|_@
3) x\ P JHO@ (Unit of Account)
4) JO`~` q=
152. U gH~}
O ^~ + ~ ^= i=} Ô`= q=iOK|_Ok
(
1) MV=PT
2) MP=VT
3) MT=PV
4) ^ n H^
153. ^=` O # U x=O =^ U~_#
(
1) Ju ` = =_~ @ 2) Z= =_~ @
3) ^~} =_~ @ 4) ~ O_ H =_
154. = qx= =i_ PiH= = ^~
(
1) LO_=
2) K@O x~~ OK#
3) == qx= =i_ = i =}xH =i_ [~Q# 4) JOwH~ x\ q=
155. ^= i=}= iy#C_ ^=O q=
(
1) ~Q#
2) `Q #
3) `@= Q O_# 4) ^ n H^
156. ^~ zH =~# HK@ =Y L^ = Uk
(
1) r=# =}=
2) ^=O |OQ~= 3) ^= H#Q H 4) L`^H H= `
157. D HOk "x Uk ^=à~ zH O|OkOz#k
(
1) qxQ u =
2) Lù u =
3) ^= y~H u =
4) = y~H u =
158. Qg} ~ u H tY~Q ==
(
1) ~` i[~ O 2) \ O P WO_ 3) NABARD 4) IDBI
159. OHOQ == x~}O #~O O Hq\ ^xx ~ KO k
(
1) ~ O_ JOK
2) =_ JOK
3) <Q JOK
4) S^ JOK
160. D HOk "x ^~ "}[ O ^= ~ x qÒ K #
(
1) XH ~~ <@# =kOK@
2) ^# =i _l@
3) =`# _l@ $+O K_O ^~
4) ^ ~~ <@ =^} ~ @
148. 3
149. 3
150. 2
158. 3
159. 3
160. 3
z~Orq
151. 4
152. 1
153. 1
141
154. 3
155. 2
156. 3
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
157. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
161. O ^=` x+ux U qÔ Q x~~

(
1) _l@ =i ^= P
2) _l@ =i O #Q^ x
3) qQ =i JO^@ ^=O 4) qxQ ^~ _l@ =i `yO z# a
162. [ OHOQ J"@ iy#C_ _l\ Q}H= q=
(
1) `Q #
2) ~Q#
3) ~ O Q LO_# 4) ^ n H^
163. e ~ Y D HOk"x U O|O^= # KOK#
(
1) q+ ~ =i y~H
2) "Ò ^ =i @|_
3) x~^y` ~ @ =i ^"} ~ @
4) |}`H x^ =i y~H
164. ^"}= iy#@C_ x~^y` LO_ ==
(
1) ~Q#
2) `Q # 3) =O LO_^
4) ="# ~Q^ ~ @
165. D HOk"x _=O_ i` ^"}xH H~}= JOO Uk
(
1) =_~ @ ~Q^
2) @|_ ~Q^
3) ^= ~ ~Q^
4) ~ Y~ ~Q^
166. ^=O q= ~Q` ^~ _ ~#C_ Uq [~Q#
(
1) ^"}=
2) u ^"}=
3) ^"}O`~ | `
4) ^"} x~^# (Dis Inflation)
167. Z=~ ^"}= =# _ ^~ (Inflation benefits)
(
1) r`=# O^"~ 2) ##~
3) DH\ Q ` 4) |} Q
1) 1, 2 =i 3
2) 1 =i 2
3) 1, 3 =i 4 4) 3 =i 4
168. D HOk "x Uk ~+ ~|_ # H^
(
1) PÔ
2) "# #
3) =<~O[H # 4) H~~@ #
169. 2004 05 H O^ |_\ q^# qkOz#
(
1) 1%
2) 1.5%
3) 2%
4) 2.5%
170. U ~H" # # P^ =`=# `yO K#
(
1) ~Qq #
2) J#` #
3) uQ=# #
4) = x
171. '# P^~ |_\ O Q J#Q
(
1) @ x |_\
2) = PîÒ (Root) #Oz iH` |_\ ~OkOK@
3) # qQ P~O= 4) Y~ =i ~ u xk
172. "Ò ~|_ H# Z=Q L# "Ò ==# U=O^~
(
1) |_\ @
2) ~|_ @
3) q` @
4) " g H=
161. 1
162. 2
171. 2
172. 1
z~Orq
163. 3
164. 2
165. 2
166. 2
142
167. 4
168. 4
169. 3
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
170. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
U.P.S.C. - 1995
173. HOk"x "}[ O H ~ u $+ =~x `yO Kk Uk?
(
Z) H =i _=O_ _l@
a) |}
) H OÔ =^Q _l@
_) Ku #Q^
H_ :
1) Z =i a
2) a =i
3) =i _
4) Z =i _
174. ~ u Q}HO J<k ^x P^~_ #?
(
1) #Q^ x q==
2) #Q^ x =#=
3) ^q H _l@ , J^# x x+u 4) ^q H _l@ =_~ @
175. H OÔ ` i\# |~OQ =~\ Jq#_ Jk nxH îf#? (
Z) ^= ~Q^ a) ~u =O ~Q^ ) ^= `Q^
H_ :
1) Z =i a
2) a =i
3) Z =i
4) Z, a =i
176. HOk "x "}[ O H x# OK K~ Uk?
(
1) O ~ @# OK@
2) H OÔ F< =~\ ` i\ J=@
3) H O^ O F< =~\ ` i\# H#@
4) ^ n H^
177. H OÔ ^=
x xOuOKO^ L yOK ^# O Uk?
(
Z) _O@ ~ @# =~@
a) H
iOQ # x~OK@
) =i# x~~ OK@ =~@
H_ :
1) Z, a =i
2) Z =i
3) a =i
4) Z =i a
)
)
U.P.S.C - 1996
178. HOk "x i[~ ^=O Q=
( )
Z) [ =^ Q #Q^
a) O =^ #Q^
) =^ Q ^ _l@
_) O =^Q Hiqu _l@
H_ :
1) Z, a =i
2) a, =i _
3) Z =i a
4) Z, a, =i _
179. H< H~= "~ ==~ ^= _=O_# D qÔ Q `=K?
( )
1) L1 = f(y)
2) L1 = f(r)
3) L1 = f(y)+r
4) L1 = f(y-r)
173. 3
z~Orq
174. 1
175. 2
176. 3
177. 2
178. 3
143
179. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
180. + ~ qx= gH~}

O D O|O^x è* #?
( )
1) ^"xH, ^~ ` H O|OÔ LO@Ok
2) ^"xH, ^~ q= O|OÔ LO@Ok
3) ^"xH, ^~ ` H, J#` O|OÔ LO@Ok
4) ^"xH, ^~ q=, J#` O|OÔ
181. ^~} ^~ ~x ~Q^ nx =# Oq OK=K
( )
Z) ^=
x ~Q^
a) q+ Lù `Q ^
) ~H _=O_ ~Q^
H_ :
1) Z =`"
2) a =i
3) Z =i a
4) Z, a =i
182. "}[O =^Q qq^ ~H P O|OkOz
( )
Z) Hi#C_ H ==k KeO K =
a) ` i\
) J_#
_) #Q^
^=Ò q+ O O P # J=~} H=O J=~O_
1) _,Z,,a
2) Z,_,,a
3) Z,_,a,
4) _,Z,a,
183. e (1) # e (2) ` [`~ K O _
( )
e 1
e 2
1) ^~} ^~ ~ x~O`~ ~Q^
Z) Hyper Inflation
2) =O^x x"iOKO^ L^ ~H=Q ^~ OK@ a) Dis Inflation
3) Lù, Lk `QO_ ^~ `Q@
) Stagfllation
4) ^"}O` _# u~Q=#=
_) Reflation
W) Inflation
H_ :
1) 1 W 2Z, 3a, 4_
2) 1Z 2 3a 4W
3) 1Z 2_ 3W 4
4) 1W 2_ 3a 4
184. 1962 #O_ "Ò _l@ "}[O LOK=# #Q^ x x+ux RBI D qÔ Q
=~ JkH~x HeL Ok
( )
1) 2 #Oz 8
2) 5 #O_ 20
3) 3 #Oz 10
4) 3 #Oz 15
185. ^"}x xOuOKO^H H OÔ f< K~
( )
1) ` i\# J=# =i O ~ @ `yO K@
2) ` i\# J=@, O ~ @ OK@
3) ` i\# H#@, O~ @ OK@
4) ` i\# H#@, O~ @ `yO K
180. 3
z~Orq
181. 4
182. 4
183. 4
184. 4
185. 2
144
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
U.P.S.C - 1997
186. i[~ O H H~ h =i < < i~ XH OII O|OkOz HOk =K~x W=@O

[iyOk?
( )
1) [=^ Q <} =i <@
21,178 H@
2) "}[ O =^Q _=O_ _l@
13, 720 H@
3) RBI =^Q W`~ _l@
413
H@
4) =^ Q ^ _l@
2,548 H@
5) =^ Q Hiqu _l@
55,273 H@
JO P^~OQ M2 ^=O ZO` LO@Ok (Old M2 )
1) 93, 132
2) 35, 311
3) 99,594
4) 37, 859
187. ^=O H x~K< x~zOz# PiH "`` [`K
O_
( )
^=O x~K#O
PiH" `
Z) ^=O UOK O ^ J^ ^=O
1) "H~
a) == H#C_ KeO K_xH W`~ "~
2) H^~
==~#, q~O Q ~[hH=Q JOwHiOK|_^ ^=O
) qx= ^# OQ ~OwH~O Ok,
3) ~|~ <
q= H=#OQ L Q_ ^ ^=O
_) ~OwH~O Ok# == U^< ^="
4) eQ=<
Z
a
_
1) 1
2
4
2
2) 1
3
2
4
3) 3
1
2
4
4) 3
1
4
2
188. M3 ^=
He LO_k?
( )
Z) ^= M1
a) =^Q ^ _l@
) O =^Q xH~ Hiqu _l@
_) "Ò _l@ ( NSC q#~Oz)
1) Z, a =i
2) Z =i
3) Z =i _
4) =i _
189. PiH == ^=
x OKO^ ^^_ k ?
( )
Z) H OÔ ` i\# H#@ a) "}[ O H~ hx _l\ K @
) H OÔ #Oz Ò JC `K @ _) H OÔ aH ` i\# J=@
W) H OÔ K=} xq`" JkH ^"x =kOK@
1) Z, a =i
2) Z, =i W
3) a, =i _ 4) a, _ =i W
186. 4
z~Orq
187. 2
188. 2
189. 2
145
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
190. PiH == "~ KH ^ KOk# i # H="k?

( )
1) Depression, Inflation, Reflation, Disinflation 2) Reflation, Disinflation, Inflation, Depression
3) Depression, Reflation, Inflaton, Disinflation
191.
tion
List -1 #(@
4) Inflation, Depression, Disinflation, Refla-
=O) List -2 ` (@ }#`) [`K

O_?
List -1
List -2
Z) H@
1) ~ q# =i =_ ~|_ ~q# =O
a) ~ q#@
2) ~ q# ~|_ { |} = =i W`~ ~|_ "Ò =O
) |_@
s @ 3) ~|_ =^# JHO\Q =
_) =^# @ 4) "Ò ~|_ "Ò =
Z
a
_
1) 1
2
4
3
2) 2
1
4
3
3) 2
1
3
4
4) 1
2
3
4
192. ~` ` =^# |_\ Q" # JOO Uk?
( )
Z) P~.a.S #O_ f# |}
a) q^j Ò #O_ f# |}
) ~_, aeOQ, O` x~}xH J =O
_) ~, H Oê` O` WK |}, J_#
1) Z, a =i _
2) Z =`"
3) a =i
4) Z,a, =i _
U.P.S.C - 1998
193. M3 x uaOaOKk Uk?
( )
1) M1{ ^ _l@
2) [ =^Q H~ h { O =^ Q _=O_ _l@
3) M1{ O =^ Q Hiqu _l@
4) M2 ^ _l@
194. JOK< "~ ^=_=O_ nxK x~~ OK|_# ?
( )
1) =_
2) PÔ 3) =_ =i PÔ
4) k UnH^
195. ^"} HO a O^k?
( )
Z) |}Q `
a) LIC Policy ^~
) HOh ~ _l@ He L<"~
_) O ~ _l@ He L#"~
1) Z =`"
2) Z =i a
3) Z, a,
4) a,, _
190. 3
z~Orq
191. 2
192. 4
193. 3
194. 1
195. 1
146
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
196. ~`^ O ^=
D O^~ O ~QQ ^
( )
Z) P~.a.S ^= K=}H JkH ^"x =kOK@ a) "}[ O ~ u x qi Oz#_
) HO^Ò, ~ Z= QO@ Wz#_
_) P~.a.S #O_ H O^ Ò JCf#C_
1) Z,a
2) a, _
3) Z, _
4) Z, a _
197. H OÔ J=OaOK Q}`H ~ u xO`} OO kOz#k
( )
1) O~ @ 2) |~OQ =~\ K~ 3) =i# x~~ OK@ 4) #Q^ x =~
U.P.S.C - 1999
198. ^"} xO`}H H OÔ J=OaOKk?
( )
1) |~OQ =~\ ` i\ J=@ 2) O ~ @ `yO K@
3) |~OQ =~\ ` i\ H#@ 4) #Q^ x `yO K@
199. e =H~ Y gx =^ Q O|O^x `#
( )
1) q+ _=O_

2) "Ò ^ =i @|_
3) x~^y` ~ @ =i ^"} ~ @
4) |}`H x^ _=O_

200. M ^= i =_~ @ I @|_ J~#_ HOk"x i # H== Uk? ( )
1) M `y`
i `Q# I `Q #

GNP `Q#
i `Q #
I ~Q#
GNP ~Q#
2) M `y`
3) M `y`
i ~Q# I `Q#
GNP`Q#
i ~Q# I ~Q#
GNP ~Q#
4) M iy`
201. |~OQ =~\ K~ L^~}
( )
1) ~H ~ P~.a.S |OQ~=# J=@
2) E\ q E\ H~~+< [#<~# J=@
3) "}[ O, W`~ q` O H OÔ ` i\# J=@
4) qx= O P~.a.S _~# J=@
202. ZOH K# ~ u xO`} ^ # H O
( )
1) "}[ O ZOHK =#~ H \~OK@
2) ZOH K# ~OQ (|} Q `) ~ u x H \~OK@
3) "}[ O $+O K _=O_ _l@ i=}x xOuOK@
4) "}[ O $+O K ~ u x H=|nHi OK@
203. ` H # HOk "x =Oz L^~}
( )
Z) P^# =i O^ #
a) J=H # =i ZH * OHO
) H@ Q< \H =i H~~+< #
1) Z =i
2) Z =i a
3) a =i
4) Z, a =i
196. 4
z~Orq
197. 3
198. 1
199. 3
200. 3
147
201. 3
202. 2
203. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
U.P.S.C - 2000
204. O^H ÔÒ H~O ^= ~ 10% ~Q^ = ^x =O
( )
1) ^="`# ~ @ 10% ~Q# Hx "q H "`< =O LO_^
2) "q H "`# ~ @ 10% ~Q#
3) "q H "`# ~ @ 10% `Q #
4) ^= "`# ~ @, "q H "`# ~ @ ~ O_ ~Q#
205. Z) O =^ _=O_ _l@
a) O =^ xs` H _l@
) O =^ ^ _l@
_) H~ h
O ^=` P O|OkOz ~ # `Q K # H=O (Decreasing Order) Uk
( )
1) Z, a, , _
2) a, , _, Z
3) a, , Z, _
4) _, Z, , a
206. + ~ gH~}
O V , H Oa_ gH~}
Ox K H =^ O|OÔ
( )
1
3) V= 1- K
4) V= 1+K
1) V= 1
2) V = I + K
K
207. ^=` O # i` ^"à~ z ~ Y U qÔ Q LO@Ok

( )
1) i J"HK` O
2) i "HK` O 3) X JHx YO_OK# 4) Y JHx YO_OK#
208. O~ @ J#Q
( )
1) "}[ O ^ _l@ WK =_~ @
2) "}[ O H~ O\ _l@ WK =_~ @
3) "}[ O HeH ~} = K =_~ @
4) "^\ `~ qx= a s _O\ K@C_ H OÔ qkOK =_~ @
209. O H ^=Ò =i ^ H` ` =^ O|OÔ UqÔ Q LO@Ok
1) ~ ~ v ^< `H O|OÔ
2) =H ~ v ^< `H O|OÔ
( )
3) O|OÔ ^
4) q= O|OÔ
210. =#Ô Q}`H ~ u xO`} ^#
( )
1) |~OQ =~\ K~ 2) ~ u ~ +xOQ 3) #Q^ x x+u =~ 4) O ~ @
211. List -1 (#)# List -2 ` (qkOK@ =i =K @) [`K
=
( )
List -1
List -2
Z) H~~+< #
a) J=H #
) WO\ #
_) O^ #
Z a
1) 3
1
2) 2
1
3) 2
3
4) 3
2
204. 3
z~Orq
205. 4
1) ~+ Ò
2) =x H~~+<
3) ~` Ò
2
1
3
2
206. 1
_
3
3
2
1
207. 2
208. 4
209. 4
148
210. 2
211. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
U.P.S.C - 2001
212. JkH H= O`" # ^=O J#Q

( )
1) H OÔ =^Q O i[~ 2) O ~}, J_<
3) O =^ Q ^=O
4) [ =^Q H~ h =i H OÔ =^ x
213. \a< # nx qkOK#
( )
1) ZQ=` 2) kQ=` 3) q^j =~H ^= ==~
4) J=H
214. ^=O H `@` J#Q, ^= ~ x ~Q^ nxH îf#
( )
1) Jx = ^~ J^ J#Ò ~Q#
2) Jx = ^~ qq^ J#` ~Q#
3) Jx =^ ~ J^ J#Ò `Q #
4) ^~ =O LO_^
215. ^=~t ÔÒ H~O ^~} ^~ ~ ~Q^ nx` =__ LOk
( )
1) Lùx ~Q^ 2) ^= ~ ~Q^ 3) ^= ~ `Q ^ 4) Z =i a
216. |_\ x JOO
( )
1) ~ q# @ 2) =^# |_\ @ 3) BOP @ 4) ` ~} =_ KeO
U.P.S.C - 2002
217. MV=PT J< gH~}
xH O|OkOz HOk "\ i J~#k Uk?
( )
1) V,T ~ O Q L#C_ M (^=~t) ~ \O J~` P (^~ ) _ ~ \O JQ#
2) V,T ~ O Q L#C_ M ~ \O J~` P Q= Q#
3) V ~ O Q L#C_ M,T ~ \O J~` P Q= Q#
4) T ~ O Q L#C_ M ~ \O J~` V Q= ~ P =_ ~ @ JQ#
218. ^=
JO" # O ~ u x H OÔ D qÔ Q `yO KQ ^
( )
1) CRR # `yO K@
2) O~ @# OK@
3) O ~ @# `yO K@
4) H OÔ ` i\# H#@
219. "}[ O H Capital Adequacy Ratio nxx `#
( )
1) #+ i ` P , =^< xH L# x+u (Risk - Weighted)
2) H _l@ , =^< xH L# x+u
3) x~~H P , =^< xH L# x+u (Non-performing Assets)
4) |}, =^< xH L# x+u
220. ^=O H JO`~` q=, =Y q= =#OQ LO> ^xx
( )
1) \H< =h (Token Money) 2) Full Bodied Money 3) Hr =h Quasi Money 4) Fiat Money
221. HOk "x ^= q^<xH KO^x ^# O Uk?
( )
1) \i (OH=)
2) <u H^^ 3) |~OQ =~\ K~ 4) ~ u ~ +xOQ
212. 4
z~Orq
213. 3
214. 1
215. 2
216. 3
217. 1
149
218. 2
219. 1
220. 2
221. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
222. =`# _l@ J#Q?

( )
1) O x L^y O "# #Q^ _l@
2) P~.a.S #O_ f# |} #Oz "}[O $+O z# _l@
3) XH O Q W`~ "}[ O _l@
4) O M`^~_ "# _l@ P^~OQ O $+O K _l@
223. O # ^"}O (Stagflation) H H}
=
( )
1) u^"}= =i x~^QO ~Q^ 2) ^"}O =i Lk ~Q^
3) ^"}O =i x~^QO ~Q^
4) Lk x^ =i u ^"}O
U.P.S.C - 2003
224. =#Ô M2 ^=
H=#O nxx `#
( )
2) M1 + "}[ O Hiqu _l@
1) M1 + "Ò _l@
3) M1 + ^ _l@
4) M3 + "Ò _l@
225. H< H~O ^=O H JOK< "~ _=O_ nx P^~_ #
( )
1) =_~ @
2) ^ ~
3) P^~
4) Lù~
226. pOY H =Y L^ =, nx =~# Q}O K@
( )
1) r=# =}O
2) ^=O H H#Q H
3) ^=O H |OQ~ QO
4) Lù =~ O
227. qQ |_\ J< q^<x D O^~ O L y~ ?
( )
1) ^"}= =i ==~ PiH H~H 2) u^"}O, x~^y`
3) u~Q=#=, JL^y`
4) PiH= O^=, J@|_
( )
228. Q+" Ò (Gresham's) èk?
1) =i_ ~ O_ Q= "O_ J~Q= |OQ~xH =#O
2) =Oz ^=O, K_ ^"x ìq" #
3) ^= ~"QO `~ X_^_ #Q#
4) K_ ^=O, =Oz ^"x ^= K=} #Oz ìq" #
( )
229. HOk"x R.B.I H i=}`H ~ u xO`} Uk?
Z) CRR
a) SLR ) |~OQ =~\ K~
_) =i# x~~ OK@
1) Z =i a
2) a, =i _
3) Z, a =i
4) =i _
230. HOk "x H @# Q}O KO^ i J~# H=#O Uk
( )
1) ~ q# ~|_ HO> ~ q# =O Z= LO_@
2) ~ q# ~|_, JC# $+O Kx =^# ~|_, "Ò =xH =^ =Ò
3) Ò "Ò =O #O_ =_x f"
Q =z#k
4) =^# =xH, ~ q# ~|_ =^ =Ò
222. 4
z~Orq
223. 3
224. 3
225. 1
226. 2
227. 1
150
228. 4
229. 3
230. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
U.P.S.C - 2004
231. HOk"x ` [`# QiOKO_.

( )
1) ~ q# ~|_
#~|_ { < `~ ~|_
2) "Ò ~|_
~ q# ~|_ { =^# ~|_
3) ~ q# =O
~ q# @ { ~ q# ~|_
4) ^q H @
~ q# @ { =_ KeO
232. HOk"x ^"}x xOuOKO^ RBI f< K~ Uk?
( )
Z) O~ @# =~@ a) |~OQ =~\ K~ ) CRR # OK@
1) Z =i a
2) a =i
3) Z =i 4) Z, a =i
233. HOk "x H OÔ H Q}`H ~ u xO`} Uk?
( )
Z) ~ u ~ +xOQ
a) qxQ^~x ~ u xO`}
) g |} =i## =~@
_) VRR (K~ x x+u)
1) Z, a =i _
2) Z, =i _ 3) a, =i _
4) Z, a =i
234. i[~OH O OQ ==iOK_ =#Q?
( )
1) "}[O J=~O J~#_ R.B.I #O_ |} fO\~
2) "}[ O J#iOK=# CRR # R.B.I x~~ O k
3) "}[ O H ~ u ==~# RRI xOuO k
4) xOQ q^#O ^~ O q^<x RBI xOuO k
235. HOk "M iHxk Uk ?
( )
1) "~ "=~ ^=_=O_ PÔ` =__ LO_#
2) JOK<"~ ^= _=O_ PÔ` =__ LO_#
3) JOK<"~ ^= _=O_ =_~ @` =__ LO_#
4) "~ ==~ ^=_=O_ =_~ @` =__ LO_^
236. H @ J#Q
( )
1) ~ q# @ { Ò #O_ f# xH~ JC 2) ^q H @ { =^# @
3) |_@
s @ { ` xH~ JC
4) =^# @ { ~ q#@
237. g ^=O J#Q D ~H" # P
( )
1) q#= =^==Q L Q_ x , q= xkQ L Q_ q
2) q= xkQ L Q _ `, `èHOQ qx= =O^=OQ L Q_ q
3) q= xk J< qkx O`$ iKk, qx= =^=OQ "O@< =~ KO^k, `# `#Q
qx= =^=OQ xH~xk
4) q= xkQ LO@, 100 Ò ^=Ò He# k
231. 4
z~Orq
232. 4
233. 4
234. 1
235. 2
236. 3
151
237. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
238. @# s KO^H Ò O_# Jq` ^~}OQ ^x e Ò D qÔ Q LO@Ok?

1) #`# H~ hx =kOz# ^xHO> ` = q~ }
# HeL O_#
( )
2) #`# <@# *sK @O = =K e Ò` =#OQ LO_#
3) #`# H~ hx =kOz# ^xHO> Z= q~ }
# HeL O_#
4) PiH == PÔ =~~^
U.P.S.C - 2005
239. HOÔ "}[ O O|OkOz# SLR (K@| ^ ^=`~t)# U O^~ = OK#
Z) PiH == u ^"} i` #C_
( )
a) PiH == ^"}O L#C_
) H OÔ ~ u x qi OK< Hx Hey L#C_
_) H OÔ ~ u x OHzOK
x Hx Hey L#C_
1) Z =i
2) Z =i _
3) a =i
4) a =i _
240. ~ ~ Y (Laffer Curve) gx =^ O|O^x `#
( )
1) x~^y` ~ @ =i ^"}O
2) X,Y J< ~ O_ == qx=xH O|OkOz
3) #~@ =i "Ò # ~|_ =$k~ @H =^ O|OÔ
4) Lk =$k~ @H =i qH ~ O|OÔ
U.P.S.C - 2006
241. i[~O M1 M2 M3 M4 J< <Q ~H ^=
H=< H\ O k (`=sH~ }
H~O) J~` gxH O|OkOz iHxk Uk

( )
1) M1 [ =^Q #Q^ { O=^Q _=O_ _l@
2) M2 = M1 + =^ ^ _l\
3) M3 = M1+ M2
4) M4 = M3+ "Ò _l@
242. ^= ~ "Qx HOk"x Uk qÒ K ^
( )
1) ^= i=}O
2) "~O J=H =
3) ~ u H~
4) "~ i`
243. PiH == ^= Q}HO nx` @Q ~Q#
( )
1) [ OHOQ J"@ ~Q@
2) SLR ~Q^
4) ^ [< ~Q^
3) CRR ~Q^
238. 1
z~Orq
239. 4
240. 3
241. 3
242. 2
243. 1
152
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
244. [`K
O_
Z) <@*s
1) "}[O =^ ^=Ò H~` U~_#C_

H OÔ ^"`x JOkOK@
a) ^ q^j=~H x O~H}
2) <@ *sK JkH~x Ò #Oz O^@
) JOu= ~}^`
3) |OQ~O =i q^j=~H x# O~HO K@
_) ~ u xO`}
4) "}[ O H ~ u x xOuOK@
Z
a
_
1)
1
3
2
4
2)
2
4
1
3
3)
1
4
2
3
4)
2
3
1
4
245. ^"} ~H# "\ H}
` [`K
O_
( )
Z) _=O_ i` ^"}O 1) ~OO iQ ^~
a) = i` ^"}O
2) iQ ^~ # Ò ~ +xOQ ^~ xOuOK@
) J}z" |_# ^"}O 3) _=O_ ~ O Q L#\H Lù =, =_~
^~ qH =, ~Q@=#
_) H ^=}O
4) _=O_ ~Q@ =# ^~ ~Q@
Z
a
_
1)
4
1
2
3
2)
2
3
4
1
3)
4
3
2
1
4)
2
1
4
3
246. HOk "xx [`~ K O _
( )
Z) ^= =i "= KOH
1) PiH =O^x `yO KO^ L^ ~HOQ
=^ O|OÔ
^~ OK@
a) O~ L^y`~ =^ ^~
2) x~^y` ~H, ^="`# ~Q^
~Q@
O|O^x zOK#.
3) Lù Hk@ =~` ^~ ~Q^
) i+ < (Reflation)
He LO_@
_) Q+< (Stagflation)
4) x~O`~ ^"}O
Z
a
_
1)
3
4
1
2
2)
2
1
4
3
3)
3
1
4
2
4)
2
4
1
3
244. 4
z~Orq
245. 3
246. 4
153
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
247. H O^ ` H@ 75,000H@, ~+ ` Wz# |}O 25,000H@ =_ KeO

25,000H@ J~` ^q H @ ZO`?
( )
1) 50,000 H@
2) 20,000H@ 3) H H@ 4) H 25 " H@
U.P.S.C - 2007
248. ^= "`< =~ ~ @H =i x~^y` ~ @H =^ Q`H O|O^x q=iOK#k
1) = iH#
2) H< #=<
3) _= < #=< 4) e =H~ Y
249. HOk "x ^= ~ QO
( )
Z) [=^ #Q^
a) O DH\ +~
) O _l@
_) RBI O_
1) Z =i a
2) Z =i
3) a =i
4) Z, =i _
250. ^=~t ÔÒ è*k U=#Q
( )
1) <==` ^= ~ iy` J^ J#Ò ^~ ~ ~Q#
2) "q H ^= ~ iy` J^ J#Ò ^~ ~ ~Q#
3) <= =` ^= ~ iy` J^ J#Ò GNP ~Q#
4) "q H ^=~ iy` J^ J#Ò GNP ~Q#
251. HOk "x i #k Uk
( )
Z) O_ ^~ , =_~ @ ^<`H O|OÔ Hey LO_#
a) O_ ^~ , =_~ @ |}`H O|OÔ Hey LO_#
) CRR ` ~ u $+ ` H O|OÔ Hey LO_#
_) CRR ` ~ u $+ q= O|OÔ Hey LO_#
1) Z =i
2) Z =i _
3) a =i
4) a =i _
252. H OÔ |~OQ =~\ ` i\# H#C_ "}[ O H i[~ 1000~II
iyO^# HO>, #Q^ x x+u 20% J#O> ~ u $+ =# ^= ~ ZO` iyOk
1) 5000
2) 4000
3) 2000
4) 1000
253. # è~O, JOu= ~O XHi< _ # Uk
( )
1) P^ # =i H~~+< #
2) P^ # =i ZH * #
3) H~~+< # =i H" #
4) ZH * # =i J=HO #
254. \ ^~ p Q}# (W.P.I ) HOk JO i`# U qÔ Q W=@O [~Q# ( Z=
#O_ ` =)
( )
Z) ^q H ==
a) WO^#=, q^KH , K=~ ) =#H~ L``
1) Z, a,
2) Z, , a
3) a, , Z
4) , Z, a
247. 1
z~Orq
248. 4
249. 2
250. 1
251. 4
252. 2
154
253. 1
254. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
255. HOk "x H O^ ` # ~|_ 200607 |_\ O|OkOz JkH P^= D #

#O_ =K# (Z= #O_ ` =)
( )
Z) H~~+< \H
a) P^ # ) H O^ ZH * OH= _) s #
1) Z, a, , _
2) Z, , a, _
3) a, , Z, _ 4) _, a, , Z
256. O} K Q # Q= 12= < < Hg+< ~ W==# "@# ZO`Q ~
KOk
( )
1) 26.5
2) 28.5
3) 29.5
4) 30.5
257. IMD (WO_ < qbxO _l\)H O|OkOz ~ # k Uk
( )
Z) nxx RBI ~OaOK#
a) Wk NRI , ~f x" L^t OK|_Ok
) IMD H Hiqu 5 O=`~
1) =`"
2) a =`"
3) Z =i a
4) a =i
258. O^ |_\ q^#O` e Performanced Programme Budgeting system (PPBS) H
O|OkOz i J~# "HO Uk
( )
1) Wk e `xH (out come) ^#` WK#
2) Wk = H \~O ^#` WK#
3) = H \~O HO> e `xH (out come) Z= ^#` WK#
4) e `xH ` = ^#` Wz =H \~O Z= ^#` WK#
259. <î` |_\ èk U=#Q?
( )
1) q` H HO> uH H ^#` WK#
2) Wk H OnH$` =xH ^#` WK#
3) Wk J= L# |_\ # =OH#O K @"
4) ` O=`~ =# OK_xH |^ u ^H O # J =O #ij# K @
[~Q#
260. 12= q` O O H~O U OII <\H ~ q# @# H O^, ~+ ` ''# f~"e
1) 2006 07
2) 2007 08
3) 2008 09
4) 2009 10
Uttar Pradesh P.S.C - 2007
261. # ~ @, # ~|_H =^ O|O^x Kk Uk
1) e ~ Y
2) ~O* ~ Y
3) Fl" ~ Y
262. OHOQ O~} xqOK|_ Hq\ ?
1) \O_< Hq\
2) ~OQ~[< Hq\
3) ~ _ Hq\
263. U Hq\ ~ "~ State Bank of India O K|_Ok?
1) <
OQ Hq\ 2) "ê~ Hq\ 3) Q~ Hq\
255. 2
z~Orq
256. 4
257. 1
258. 3
259. 4
260. 3
155
261. 4
262. 4
( )
4) ~ ~ Y
( )
4) #~O O Hq\
( )
4) H~ Hq\
263. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
264. # O~} H H Hxk Uk?

( )
1) ~H #, GDP x+ux OK@
2) # `H# `|nHi OK@
3) # i## =~= OÒQ ~OkOK@ 4) # GDP x+ux OK@
265. Prime Lending Rate (PLR) J#Q?
( )
1) Ja=$k ^ O K O WK |} = K =_
2) L^Q RBI WK |} = K =_
3) qxQ == "}[O WK |} = K =_
4) "# ~u Rating He# M`^~, "}[O WK |} = K =_
266. ~`^ O ^"}x nx P^~OQ Q} ~ ?
( )
1) C.P.I
2) W.P.I.
3) + ~ P^~ p 4) qH r=# =p
=^^ P.S.C. - 2006

267. H q^#O H ^ # ^< Uq?
( )
1) ` =O =i ^= x =~ 2) ` =O =i # =~
3) ^, @|_ =~
4) ` |_\ ~ =~
268. KO ^ P^ "_ ^H O 1997 (VDIS) HO^ ZO` # = J~Ok
( )
1) 8,000 H@
2) 10,050 H@
3) 12,000 H@
4) 15,050 H@
269. ~`^ O O~ @# x~~ OKk?
( )
1) "}[O
2) H~ O 3) <~
4) RBI
270. H O^ ` # ~|_ Ju =Y"# P^~= Uk?
( )
1) H" OHO
2) x #
3) H O^ ZH * OHO 4) H~~+< #
271. ~`^ O H~~+< # J#Q ?
( )
1) Lù #
2) x #
3) PÔ #
4) # A
272. xH~ # J<k nxH =#= ?

( )
1) "Ò # a_ 2) `H # { ~H#
3) "Ò # { a_ 4) "Ò # { #= J~# =O
273. H q^<x ~OkOK "~?
( )
1) RBI
2) NABARD
3) ~` Ò
4) "}[O
( )
274. HOk"x RBI qk Hxk Uk ?
1) |} =OE~
2) ~ u xO`} 3) `xH O 4) ^= q^<x x~~ OK@
264. 1
265. 4
266. 2
267. 2
268. 2
269. 4
270. 4
271. 3
272. 1
273. 3
274. 1
z~Orq
156
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
x=i\ ` `x =^<
275. `xH RBI #O_ =K ~ u x ~Q^, ^=O ~ x x~O`~ ~Q^ =Y
H~}=x K # Hq\ Uk
( )
1) #~O O Hq\
2) KH=i Hq\
3) ~OQ~[< Hq\ 4) KO^Y ~ Hq\
276. Oz` ^= ~ H (M1), q ^= ~ H (M3) =^ Q `_
( )
1) _=O_ _l@
2) HeH _l@ 3) ^ _l@
4) ` _l@
277. ^=~t Ô`x ~Okz# "~
( )
1) WiOQ + ~
2) *" \a<
3) q< _ = < 4) P_ =~
278. J`kH ^"x q_^ K _" ^"}O Jx K #k
( )
1) H^~
2) >
3) H<
4) Q
279. ^=O qx= =^ =OQ = K #
( )
1) ^=O == ^=O
2) == ^=O ==
3) == == ^=O
3) ^=O ^=O ^=O
280. ^=O JO>
( )
1) P ~H" # ^=O ^ 2) P _=O_ 3) P ~
4) P ^~
281. ^==
( )
1) JC
2) qx= =^=O 3) |OQ~O
4) "O_
282. ^== H q= nx P^~_ Òk
( )
1) P^=
2) ^~
3) ^
4) _=O_
283. ^=
nx P^~_ Òk
( )
1) ^~
2) RBI q^#=
3) |}
4) ^
284. ^==# Lù Kk
( )
1) RBI and Govt.
2) RBI
3) ~+ ` 4) IDBI
285. ^=
=# H=#=
( )
1) M3
2) M1
3) M4
4) M2
286. =Oz ^=O# K_ ^== `yOK# Jx K #k
( )
1) F" `=
2) Q+" `=
3) Ze[`
4) P_" `
287. # ^== J#Q
( )
1) @s ^== 2) # ZQ" ^z# ^== 3) Lz` ^==
4) ÔQ _|
288. PT = MV + M'V' fHiOz#k
( )
1) H<
2) ~|~ <
3) Q
4) + ~
275. 2
276. 2
277. 1
278. 2
285. 2
286. 2
287. 2
288. 4
z~Orq
279. 2
280. 2
157
281. 2
282. 2
283. 2
284. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
289. ^==#Q
(
1) XH QO@ #O_ XH "~O =~ |}=
2) XH OII = |}=
3) ~ O_ OII |}=
4) 5 OII |}=
290. JkH ^=O ` = == # `~= _" ^"}=x ~x#"~
(
1) H~
2) H<
3) + ~
4) q
291. ^=O q= D O|OÔ # Hey L#k
(
1) ^= ~ ` q= O|OÔ
2) ^= _=O_` q= O|OÔ
3) ^= ~ ` ^< `H O|OÔ
4) ^= ~ ` ` H O|OÔ
292. M3 ^"x W@ _ `^~
(
1) Oz` ^=O
2) q ^=O 3) K ^=Ò Qk 4) K H= O`" # ^=O
293. ^=~t Ô`x g~ #iOK~
(
1) WiOQ + ~
2) P_ =~
3) *" \a<
4) q< _ = <
294. ''HOa_ ^=~t ÔÒ ^=O H D qkx <H K O k
(
1) q= xk 2) qx= =^ == 3) q= H=#O 4) "~^ KeO =}O
295. M3 x D qÔ Q x~z~
(
1) H~ h { _=O_ _l@
2) H~ h { ^ _l@
3) H~ h { _=O_ _l@ { >= _l@
4) H~ h { >" _l@
296. + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ D HOk "x XH\ x zOK#
(
1) ^=O =i ^~
1) ^=O =i =_
3) ^=O =i ^
4) ^=O =i PÔ
297. + ~ Ô`= ^= q= nx =# x~
==Òk
(
1) _=O_ "HK` = 2) @|_ ~
3) ^= i=}=
4) ^ ~
298. MV=PT gH~}
O# ukOz#k
(
1) H<
2) + ~
3) Q
4) <
299. ^=O U xK O ^ J^ ^=O Jx K #"_
(
1) H^~
2) "H~
3) H<
4) =~
300. s+ < HOk "\ XH ^xH q~Q_
(
1) ^"}O
2) Ju ^"}O
3) u^"}O
4) Q + <
301. q= ^"}O QiOz K #"_
(
1) W<lOQ
2) H<
3) H~
4) K~ +
302. ^=O q=# q+ O K "@" ^\ ÔÒ W`x ~` =__ = Ok
(
1) + ~
2) =~
3) =
4) H~
303. ^=O q=# q+ O K xqÒ H+ \<H< û x J#iOz#"_
(
1) + ~
2) ~|~ <
3) =
4) H<
289. 1
290. 1
291. 1
292. 2
293. 4
299. 2
300. 3
301. 4
302. 1
303. 2
z~Orq
294. 1
158
295. 3
296. 1
297. 3
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
298. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
304. =~, Q D x=i\H KOk#"~

(
1) zHQ
2) PH~
3) H Oa_
4) O_<
305. ''Jiy~# <} =Oz <}# K=}Oz ìq"~ J#"_
(
1) \
2) QQs
3) y<
4) Q+"
306. + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ H~O ^=~tx QO K
(
1) ^~ Q" ^=O q= ~ \O Q #
2) ^~ Q" ^=O q= Q= Q#
3) ^~ ~ \O , ^=O q= ~ \O Q #
4) ^~ ~ \O , ^=O q= Q= Q#
307. MV=PT J< gH~}
O ^=O H D qk g^ P^~_ Òk
(
1) qx= =^ O
2) q= x
3) q +` KeO =}O
4) ^=O H K# qk
308. =Oz <H~ , K_ [=x (Good Servant and Bad Master)
(
1) ~[H "`
2) ~~
3) |OQ~O
4) ^=O
309. H Oa_ gH~}
O
(
V
2) MPC + MPS =1
3)
1) MV=PT
I
310. WiOQ + ~ K x gH~}
O (Which is not belongs to Fisher)
2) MV=PT
3) M= PKR
1) P = MV
)
)
)
)
)
)
4) M=PKT
4) MV + M1V1=PT
311. ~~ û K x x
( )
1) == == # =~H#@
2) = =# =~H#@
3) == =# O^@
4) == ^=O KeO K@
312. ^=O q^ # K#, x q^ Q =sHi Oz# =H
( )
1) H<
2) W<lOQ
3) H^~
4) #<
313. + ~ ÔÒx ^= ~ "QxH (V) |^Q H Oa_ gH~}
O (M= PKT) "_|_#
OHÒ
( )
1) M
2) P
3) K
4) R
314. ^"}O HO #+ "~

1) |} ^`
2) |} Q `
3) J=HO^~
315. ^"} HO O O^"~
1) J=HO ^~
2) Lù^~
3) |}Q `
316. u ^"} HO O O^"~
1) |}^`
2) |}Q `
3) J=HO ^~
317. HO\ f=OQ LO_, ~ +xOQ J= L#\ ^"}O
1) s+ <
2) =~Q# _# ^"}O 3) _ W<+ <
304. 3
305. 4
306. 1
307. 1
314. 1
315. 4
316. 1
317. 2
z~Orq
308. 4
309. 4
159
310. 3
311. 4
4) Lù ^~
4) g~O^~
4) Lù ^~
( )
4) "q H ^"}O
312. 2
313. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
318. ^"} q~=O J< =## " \# "_

1) >
2) "H
3) H<
4) QQs
319. u ^"} q~=O J< =## " \# "_
1) >
2) F<
3) H~
4) H<
320. PiH =O^x x"iOKO^ H< zOz# |_\
1) @ |_\
2) qQ |_\
3) Oè` |_\
4) |_\ =
321. =#=_ $+O z# JxO\H J~" # k
1) JOìH< H
2) HO@~
3) ^=O
4) QO_=i_
322. = =^ H~ =#O H ` Wk [~Q^
1) qxQO
2) ~~ (== i_ û ) 3) O}
4) Lù
323. ^=O H ^qH q^
1) qx= =^ =, q= H=#=
2) qx= =^ =, q= x
3) q=x, q +` KeO =}O
4) q= H=#O q= x
324. ^"xH Q Lq^ # QiOz K #"_
1) H<
2) H<
3) WOlOQ
4) H^~
325. ^=O H q^ # x, K# q^ Q =sHi Oz#"_
1) WOlOQ
2) H<
3) H<
4) "H~
326. \H< <}O J#Q
1) =k` q=` =#OQ JO`~` q= LO_ <}O
2) JO`~` q= H< =k` q= Z=Q LO_ <}O
3) JO`~` q= H< =k` q= ` =Q LO_ <}O
4) z~ <}O
327. =#Ô H~ h *sH J#i# û
1) ~ qt` û
2) Hh i[~ û
3) J#` û
4) Qi+ *s û
328. Z= ^=O ` = == # H#_" ^"}O J#"_
1) H~
2) H
3) H^~
4) >
( )
û
( )
(
( )
(
OHOQ
329. ~ u $+ J< qkx x~iOK#k
1) RBI
2) ~` Ò
330. i[~ O# *fO K# O=`~O
1) 1935
2) 1942
318. 3
319. 4
320. 1
328. 1
329. 3
330. 3
z~Orq
321. 3
322. 2
3) "}[ O
3) 1949
323. 1
160
324. 2
4)
IDBI
4) 1952
325. 1
326. 2
327. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
331. Q}`H |} xO`} ^` Wk XH L^~}

( )
1) O~ @
2) =i< ^= J=~=
3) K# i[~ x+u (VRR)
4) |~OQ =~\ ==~O
332. ^= q^# L^ O g\ g^ xO`} Hey =O__O
( )
1) q` O
2) `~OQ O
3) " \ ~OQ O
4) H OÔ
333. ~`^ O 14 "}[ O *fO K |_# O=`~O
( )
1) 1969
2) 1972
3) 1975
4) 1982
334. <@ *s Q`k ` O
( )
1) "}[ OH
2) Of Qg} O 3) H~ OH 4) H O^ OH
335. ~`^ O OHOQ x~}O D û L#k
( )
1) x\ OHOQ
2) Y OHOQ (Branch Banking)
3) QO OH
4) Q OH
336. O O
( )
1) H O^ O
2) H O^ ~Ò
3) \ O
4) POÔ
337. i[~ O O K|_#k
( )
1) 1947
2) 1960
3) 1935
4) 1969
338. RBI is sole authority of
( )
1) XH ~~
2) ^==# *i K _O 3) z#<}
4) " g H=
339. ~`^ O 6 "}[ O *f= K |_#q
( )
1) 1990
2) 1969
3) 1979
4) 1980
340. i[~ O ^= q^#= J#Q
( )
1) ~ u W=_O
2) ^=
# xO`} 3) _l@ HiOK_O 4) q UqH=
341. "}[ O x~OK Ju =Y"# qk
( )
1) _l@# HiOK_=
2) |} ~=_=
3) ~ u $+
4) q^j =~H xH q`= OkOK_=
342. P~QH~" # OHOQ =O_ H}

( )
1) ^=`= =i ^ H`
2) ^` =i ~ `
3) ^=`= =i "HK` =
4) ^ H` =i ~ `
343. O, `xH OQ =|_k
( )
1) "}[ OH
2) H O^ OH
3) =~O\ OH
4) " OH
344. e ~ Y ^"}xH x~^y` zOK O|OÔ
( )
1) ` H
2) ^< `H
3) `@
4) q=
331. 2
332. 1
333. 1
334. 4
341. 3
342. 1
343. 2
344. 4
z~Orq
335. 2
336. 1
161
337. 3
338. 2
339. 4
340. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
345. Qg} O D O=`~O O K|_#

( )
1) 1975
2) 1974
3) 1972
4) 1969
346. Wk Q}`H |} xO`} û H XH ^# O
( )
4) UnH^
1) O~ @
2) |~OQ =~\ K~ 3) CRR
347. ~`^ O ~OQx *f~H~}
K _O = |} q~xH <`$ Ò =Oz#k ( )
1) ^#` ~OQxH
2) == ~OQxH
3) z# `~ i==
4) = x
348. ^= x x+ux x~~ OKk
( )
1) =~@ K ` =~#
2) "}[ O
3) H O^ O
4) `=
349. ~f \ OH O K|_# O=`~O
( )
1) 1948
2) 1951
3) 1955
4) 1962
350. "}[ O ^"x $+ ~ ZO^H#Q
( )
1) H O^ O #Oz Jq i\# HO\~ 2) "\H Q O^" # Jq Q~q~
3) "\ _l@ |}# $+ ~
4) Jq H~ h <@# =k~
351. ^= q^# "=i ^#Q
( )
1) `xk
2) H OÔk
3) ^"x JK"ik 4) "}[ Ok
352. Of Qg} O O K#k DHOk"xH O K @
( )
1) ^~ `
2) =^ `~Q u =i z#~`
3) z# ~ `
4) z# #H~ ~ `
353. =# Ô H~ hx *i K JkH~O nxH LOk
( )
1) i[~OH
2) x< OH 3) \ OH 4) i= =Ou`Y
354. =# Ô '~~ <@# Wk *s K O k
( )
1) i[~OH
2) PiH =Ou` Y
3) O* <+# O
4) <H i\
355. \ O# *fO K H=# ^x ~
( )
1) a\+ O
2) <+# O 3) WOi O
4) ~_ O
356. WOi O# a\+ "~ O z# OII
( )
1) 1906
2) 1916
3) 1921
4) 1926
357. WOi O# *fO K, \ OQ O z# OII
( )
1) 1946
2) 1950
3) 1955
4) 1960
358. O OQ =iOK|_k
( )
1) "}[O
2) O@O P WO_
3) x< O 4) H OÔ
345. 1
346. 4
347. 4
348. 3
355. 3
356. 3
357. 3
358. 4
z~Orq
349. 3
350. 3
162
351. 2
352. 4
353. 1
354. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
359. 14 ^ "}[ O *fH~}
( )
1) A 19, 1969
2) A 19, 1979
3) PQ 15, 1969 4) PQ 15, 1979
360. x\ OHOQ k KOk# Ô
( )
1) H #_
2) WOQO_
3) J"iH
4) [~x
361. Oz OHOQ \ kHH# Ô
( )
1) [<
2) J"iH
3) WOQO_
4) Pe
362. q= OHOQ [xOz# Ô
( )
1) [<
2) [~h
3) WOQO_
4) Pe
363. ' _O\OQ J< H HOk "\ XH ^xH KO^Òk
( )
1) K
2) "}[ a
3) _
4) _l\
364. '' s _O\OQ J< H ` O|O^= # O
( )
1) H OÔ
2) "}[O
3) J=H xO`} O 4) JQ =~ P
365. OH P WOQO_# O z# O=`~O
( )
1) 1694
2) 1644
3) 1935
4) 1894
366. ''JOu= |}^` JO>
( )
1) PiH =Ou` Y
2) H OÔ
3) =Hx JC
4) z=~ |}qz#"_
367. O ~ @ JO>
( )
1) J_# = K =_~ @
2) _l@ ~K =_~ @
3) J~`Q "}[a# H OÔ s _O\ K~ @ 4) Jx =_~ @ Q@
~@
368. ^"} HO O ~ @#
( )
1) OKe
2) `yO Ke
3) =~_^
4) < K e
369. u ^"} HO O ~ @#
( )
1) OKe
2) `yO Ke
3) =~_^
4) < K e
370. "}[ O H PH xk
( )
1) Wz# JC
2) >" _l\
3) _O>_ O_ 4) O = #O
371. 'Run on the Bank' J#Q
( )
1) ^_ ÔQ O# ^KH#@
2) H= ~ JO^~ XH ~A# q` _ K @
3) H= ~ JO^~ XH ~A# _l@ K @ 4) |}HO H= ~ JO^~ XH ~A# =K@
372. O ^Q~ #Q^ x ~QÒ> ^ #OQ [iQ i}=O
( )
1) O H eH_\ ~QÒk
2) O H ^` ~QÒk
3) O H ^H` `Q ` Ok
4) O ~K |} ~Q`~
359. 1
360. 3
361. 3
362. 2
369. 2
370. 2
371. 2
372. 3
z~Orq
363. 2
364. 1
163
365. 1
366. 2
367. 3
368. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
373. [ ^=à~ z ~QÒ>

( )
1) O _l@ ~QÒ\~
2) O _l@ `Q ` O\~
3) r=# =O ~QÒk
4) =_~ @ ~QÒ@Ok.
374. |} Jx K |_q
( )
1) _l@
2) JC
3) J_#
4) "}[ a
375. Qg} O Pq~=O
( )
1) 1955
2) 1965
3) 1970
4) 1975
376. '' == "~ ~o = [=H> _|# "i ~` H~ O@ M` LOK`, P
= `# g^ *sK# K # Pî KeO K =H OH~ Jx Z=~ K~
( )
1) H^~
2) ~
3) ~
4) y<
377. '' `# JC, W`~ JC` "~O K"_ OH~ J#"_
( )
1) H^~
2) ~
3) ~
4) H O\
378. "}[ O H =Y q^ xk
( )
1) _l@ H~O
2) H~ ^ O
3) _O\OQ
4) |} =OE~
379. ^# Ok# "~ ==~ `y# JHO@
( )
1) H~ O@ JHO@
2) qOQ JHO@
3) >" _l@
4) iHiOQ _l@
380. "}[ O J#+OyH = Hxk
( )
1) H= ~ `~ # "i W#~< q KeO K@
2) H= ~ `~ # "i @ H~ O_O@ ^`# K@
@
3) H= ~ `~ # "i =# XH K@ #O_ WOHHK@ |kbK @
4) H= ~ fHK O_# _O\OQ K @
381. OQ i~= P
( )
1) >" _l\
2) O_
3) qOQ _l\ 4) i[~ O _
^"}O
382. ^"} ~ @# x~~ OK z
1) qxQ^~ z
2) z~ ^~ z
3) \ J=HO ^~ z
4) r=# =z
383. r=# =z g\ ^~ x =~# =kOK O k
1) L`^H ==
2) qxQ == 3) PiH ==
373. 2
374. 1
375. 4
376. 3
377. 1
378. 2
379. 1
380. 4
( )
4) #~ ==
381. 2
382. 3
383. 2
z~Orq
164
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
384. e ~ Y D ~ O_O\ =^ `_ KC #
(
1) L^y` =i "`<
2) x~^QO =i ^= "`<
3) O~ L^y` =i "q H "`<
4) `* "`<
385. O |# ^"} =#Q (Stagflation)
(
1) OkQ` { ^"}O
2) ~[O { ^"}O
3) = { ^"}O
4) | ` { ^"}O
386. "iHO Q 10% ^~ ~Q^ LO> ^xx
(
1) H^
2) #_K
3) iQ `
4) Ju ^"}O
387. ^"}= J#Q
(
1) ^~ `Q@
2) ~Q`# ^~
3) ~"# ^~
4) q UqH=
388. = i` ^"}= Jx nxx =
(
1) ~ ^~
2) Mark up Prices
3) `Q ` # ^~
4) " g H=
389. e ~ Y gx =^ O|O^= # è* #
(
1) _=O_ =i

2) U =i W
3) ^ =i _=O_
4) =i #
390. r=# = KH= nx P^~_ Òk
(
1) ^
2) qxQ^~x zH= 3) @|_
4) " q H=
391. ^"}= xO`}
(
1) ^=
Z=
2) ^=
xO`}
3) ^~ # OK@
4) ^ `yO K@
392. ^=
=# H=#=
(
1) M3
2) M1
3) M4
4) M2
393. _ W<+ < JO>
(
1) ^~ `Q_ = Hx Lù, L^y` =~^
2) ^~ ~ O Q LO_#, L^y` _ =#
3) ^~ _ =# =i L^y` _ =#
4) ^~ _ =# =i Lù ~Q#
394. e ~ Y ^"}xH x~^y` zOK O|OÔ
(
1) ` H
2) ^< `H
3) `@
4) q=
395. ^"} q~=O J< =## W`_ " >#
(
1) q< _ = <
2) <<
3) H<
4) =~
396. b_ OH ^H O # zOK#k
(
1) <i=< Hq\
2) #~O O Hq\
3) KH=i Hq\
4) ~OQ~[< Hq\
384. 2
385. 4
386. 3
394. 4
395. 3
396. 1
z~Orq
387. 2
388. 2
389. 2
165
390. 2
391. 2
392. 2
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
393. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
397. Zxq^= PiH O O J^ _

1) N.K.P.
2) N.D. u"i
3) Y.B. K"<
4) KO^
398. H ~ Hq\ ^xH O|OkOz#k
1) `H #
2) ~H #
3) ` H =i ~H # ~ O_#
4) ZQ=u =i kQ=u OH
399. ~`^ O XH ~~ <@# *s Kk Z=~
1) RBI 2) PiH O O3) }oH O O
4) ~` ` PiH =Ou`Y
400. ~`^ x< |_\ #O^ s # " @|_#k
1) 2002 03
2) 2003 04
3) 2001 02
4) q UgH=
H
^=O
401. ^=O `@O JO>

1) ^= ~ =~ "q H ~OQO Z@=O\ =O K =
2) ^= ~ =~ *fÔ ~Q^ îf#
3) ^= ~ =~ *fÔ `~ Q^ îf#
4) q UgH=
402. Oz` ^=O J#Q
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
403. q ^=O J#Q
2) M2
3) M3
1) M1
404. D HOk "x ^xx q^# ~H~ `~K Q L y~
2) M2 and M3
3) M1 and M3
1) M1 and M2
405. M1 { "}[ O HeH _l@# D qÔ Q ~
2) M3
3) M4
1) M2
406. JkH H= O`" # ^=O nxK xOuOK|_#
1) [
2) Ò
3) "~O
407. O^ PiH" ` nxx qiOK#
1) ==~ L^ O 2) =O^ *Q` L^ O 3) JOK< L^ O
408. D HOk "x ^=O H qk
1) qx= =^=O 2) q= xk
3) q= H=#O
409. JkH H ^=O 10% iy`, ^= ~ ~Q^
1) 10%
2) 10% HO> Z=
3) 10% HO> ` =
397. 3
398. 3
399. 4
407. 3
408. 4
409. 2
z~Orq
400. 4
401. 1
402. 1
166
403. 3
404. 3
( )
( )
4)
M4
( )
4)
M4
( )
4) M2 and M4
( )
4) q Uq H=
( )
4) q Ug H=
( )
4) q Ug H=
( )
4) q Jx
( )
4) xOQ K =
405. 2
406. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
410. ^"x ^z" _O =# nxH îf#

( )
1) ^= ~ `Q ^
2) ^= ~ ~Q^
3) ^=~ ~ O
4) xOQ K =
411. <@# *sK #k
( )
1) RBI
2) HO^Ò
3) xH Ò
4) ~+Ò
412. <}# *s K #k
( )
2) HO^Ò
3) xH Ò
4) ~+Ò
1) RBI
413. ^"} =O^ JOK< nxH îf#
( )
1) ^=K=} ~Q^
2) ^= K=} `Q ^
3) ^= K=} ~ O
4) xOQ K =
414. ^= ~ XH
( )
1) " =#
2) x =#
3) Z =i a
4) q UgH=
415. ^ _l\ WO^ QO
( )
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
416. HeH _l\ WO^ QO
( )
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
417. ^= ~ ~Q^ nxH îf#
( )
1) =i` ^"}O
2) _=O_ ^"}O
3) x~}`H ^"}O
4) q UgH=
418. q< _ = < H~O, [ ^"x `==^ LOKH#@ H~}O
( )
1) JOK< L^ O
2) ^"x LOKH#@ =# LO` [#O O^@
3) `|Ô Hx =~#
4) q UgH=
419. ^= _=O_# q=iOK@ =#= =^# O, =#"`~ =^# O# Q x+ux iQ}xH
fH#k
( )
1) *.". H<
2) _< \<H<
3) q< _ = <
4) =<
420. 100 ~~ HyÒ Z=i O`HO LO@Ok
( )
1) H O^ q` H~î 2) i[~O Q=~~
3) ^ #=Ou
4) q UgH=
410. 1
411. 1
412. 2
413. 1
414. 2
415. 2
416. 4
417. 2
418. 2
419. 3
420. 2
z~Orq
167
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
421. J"iH H OÔ

(
1) _ ~ i[~ O
2) H O^ J"iH< O
4) OH P J"iH
3) NSE
422. ZQ=` ~Q^ nxH îf#
(
1) ^= ~ ~Q^
2) ^= ~ `Q ^
3) ^=~ ~ O
4) x~~ OK=
423. Gilt-edged =~\ nx` O|OÔ H=
(
1) H~ h<@
2) |OQ~O
3) "O_
4) ` i\
424. qx= =^=OQ ^=x~K#O nxH KOk#k
(
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
425. + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ# D HOk gH~}
q=iO k
(
1) MP = PT
2) MV=PT
3) MP=VT
4) PV=MT
426. ^= x~K#OQ '' q= xk # zOK#k
(
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
427. M/KT gH~}
O ukOz#k
(
1) Q
2) ~|~ <
3) =~
4) H<
428. q< _=< U PiH KOk#"_
(
1) ~~
2) H Oa_
3) zHQ
4) MIT
429. UH û Zx ~H ^=O K=} J=Òk
(
1) XH\
2) ~ O_
3) =_
4) <Q
430. k û Zx~H ^=O K=} J=Òk
(
1) XH\
2) ~ O_
3) =_
4) <Q
431. D HOk"x U ^= x\ H JO`~` q= ^x =Yq= HO> ` =Q LO_#(
1) UHO
2) kO
3) |û
4)
\ ^=O
432. ^=~t Ô`x #ukOz#k
(
1) H<
2) q< _ = <
3) ~|~ <
4) Q
433. ^=O H D qk P^~OQ + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ K |_Ok
(
1) qx= =^=O
2) q= xk
3) "~^ KeO =}O
4) q Uq H=
421. 1
422. 1
423. 4
431. 4
432. 2
433. 1
z~Orq
424. 1
425. 2
426. 4
168
427. 2
428. 3
429. 1
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
430. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
434. ^=O
( )
1) H#Q H ~ O
2) =Y q= L#C_ JOwHiOK|_k
3) Jx P H ^=ÒHeL #k
4) = x
435. ^=O q=
( )
1) ^~ ~ =u~Y O|OÔ Hey L#k
2) ^~ ~ ` H O|OÔ Hey L#k
3) ^~ ~ ÒÒQ L#k
4) q UgH=
436. WiOQ + ~ H~O ^=O ^~ ^xK x~~ OK|_Òk
( )
1) @|_~
2) _=O_ "HK` O 3) ^= i=}O 4) ^=K=} "QO
437. ^~} ^=O HO^ "\x Hey LO@Ok
( )
1) H =O H~ h Hy` =i <}
2) H~ h =i _=O_ _l@
3) H~ h, _=O_ _l@ =i W`~ q` P
4) H~ h =i q^j =~H x
438. D HOk "x ^=O =Y H}
O H^
( )
1) Jk XH M` x\ 2) XH q= xk 3) JO`~` q= 4) ^~} JOwH~O
439. D HOk "x ` = ^=Ò Hey# P
( )
1) H~ h
2) _=O_ _l\
3) Q$~OQ == 4) HeH _l@
440. g ^=O (Near Money)
( )
1) Wk _ ^=O O\^
2) ^xH^ ^=O
3) iq` J~O ^=O
4) ^=O H< H^
441. ^ == i_ PiH ==
( )
1) ^=OQ P=, == (~ ~ JOwH~O`)
2) Z#< K iqÒ
3) Jh J=H, H#Q K @O
4) ^~ ~O
W) H ^~ W=|_ LO\~
442. D HOk "x Uk `C
( )
1) ^=O J<k == =i = qx=O L yOK XH P
2) ^=O J<k ^=Ò Hey L# XH P
3) P^ xH PiH == ^=~ Z=Q ~ u ^=OK $+O K|_Òk
4) fÔ ^=~ "#H "Ò |OQ~O LO@Ok.
434. 3
z~Orq
435. 1
436. 3
437. 2
438. 3
439. 3
169
440. 3
441. 2
442. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
443. Q+" Ò
( )
1) =Oz ^=O K_ ^"x K=}#Oz ìq" O k
2) K_ ^=O =Oz ^"x K=}#Oz ìq" O k
3) == =Oz ^=O, K_ ^"x OKÒk
4) == K_ ^=O, =Oz ^"x OKÒk
444. DHOk"x g ^"xH L^~} Hxk Uk
( )
1) ~` Ò H >[s a
2) ~<H ~ @s DH\ +~
3) qx= a
4) O_ =i _O K~
445. RBI K iOz# ^= ~ H=#O M1 He L#q
( )
1) [=^ L# ^=O 2) O =^ xH~ _=O_ _l@ { RBI =^ Q W`~ _l@
3) Z =i a
4) RBI =^ L# W`~ _l@
446. ^=O H=#O M2 QO
( )
1) M1 { Jx O =^ L# HeH _l@
2) M1 { qOQ O L# qOQ _l@
3) M1{ *f ^ iH@
4) M1 { O=^ HeH _l@ =i =^ ^ _l@
447. ^=O H=#O M3
( )
2) M1 HO> Z= ^=Ò Hey L#k
1) M1 HO> q"# k
3) M1 HO> Oz`" # k
4) q UqH=
( )
448. ^=O H=#O M3 QO
1) M1 { Jx O H HeH _l@
2) M2 { Jx O =^ HeH _l@
3) M1 { M2
4) M2 { =^ _l@
( )
449. M1 { O =^ xH~ HeH _l@
1) M2
2) M3
3) M4
4) " g H=
450. H OÔ, =~\ #Oz i\# H#C_ O x
( )
1) q~ }
KO^#
2) `Q #
3) =~KO^=
4) q UqH=
451. O =^ HeH _l@ Hey L# ^= H=#O
( )
1) M2
2) M3
3) M4
4) M3 =i M4
452. ^=Ò nxx zOK#
( )
1) P
H ^=Ò
2) XH P
H =~\ q=
3) P # ^=ÒH =~_O
4) " q H=
443. 2
z~Orq
444. 2
445. 3
446. 2
447. 1
448. 1
170
449. 2
450. 1
451. 4
452. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
453. D HOk "x ^= ~ q H=#O Uk

( )
1) M1
2) M2
3) M3
4) M4
454. ^= ==~ Ô`x ukOz#k
( )
1) + ~
2) Q
3) =~
4) H<
455. D HOk"x Uk Ô ^= JkH~O HeyLOk
( )
1) P ^ Ò
2) P ^ OHOQ == 3) P ^ H OÔ 4) = x
456. Legel Tender money J#Q
( )
1) ^=~O LO_k
2) O Q =~QeQ k
3) Wk K@| ^" # k. u~ i tH Qi J=`~ 4) Hy` H~ h ~O LO_k.
457. ^=à~ z nxx zO k.
( )
1) @|_^~ `= P # ^=OQ LOKH#@ W+O K`~.
2) W`~ q` O L# H +~ eOQ
3) =[O |OQ~O# PH K_O
4) =^# == =[O H ~H _=O_
458. ^=O ^q H qk
( )
1) *fÔ O}
2) qx= =^=O
3) ~ u == P^~O (=O)
4) q +` KeO =}HO Q LO_@O
459. IS-LM #=<# ~OkOK#k
( )
1) *.P~. H =i #<
2) Z. "_y
x
3) .Z. =<
4) *.Z". H#
460. ^= K=} "QO nx zOK#.
( )
1) ~ O_ xi+ H ^= ~ =K =~
2) XH xs` HO ^=O K` =i# OY
3) OK` K H
~ J~# Q@
HO
4) Q$ ~OQO "i P^x Y~K# Q@
HO
461. ^= q^ # x~OK^ ^=O J##k.
( )
1) H^~
2) "H~
3) ~|~ <
4) H#
462. ^=O =$k~ @ ~ O Q LO_, Lù ~Q`#@~`
( )
1) ^~ ~ `y =#
2) ^~ ~ ~ O Q LO_#
3) ^~ ~ ~Q#
4) ^~ ~ ~ O Q ~Q#
463. q< _ = < H~O ^=~t ÔÒ ^q HOQ
( )
1) "q H Lù x~
ÔÒ
2) ^~ ~ x~
ÔÒ
3) ^= _=O_ ÔÒ
4) x~^Q [~@ ÔÒ
453. 3
454. 1
455. 3
456. 3
457. 1
458. 2
459. 1
460. 2
461. 2
462. 1
463. 3
z~Orq
171
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
464. O =^ L# _=O_ _l@# ^=OQ iQ} ~ H~}O

( )
1) ^~}OQ KeO ^# OQ JOwHiO|_@
2) #Q^ HO> Z= ^=Ò
3) Ò @@
4) O "<[~ K` =~= OÒQ x~OK|_@
465. D HOk"x g ^=OQ iQ}O |_xk
( )
1) HeH _l@
2) ^ =i < +~
3) >[s a
4) _=O_ _l\
466. P^ xH PiH == ^=OQ iQ}O |_xk
( )
1) <}
2) H~ h<@
3) Q^=
4) _l\ ^=O
467.
\ =x J#Q (Fiat Money) (kH~ ^=O)
( )
1) K@| ^ ^=O
2) K@| Ô Hx ^=O
3) _l\ ^=O
4) i =}O Q ^=O
468. D HOk x|O^# ^xx OiK , XH <}O \H< ^=OQ =|_Òk
( )
1) ^x JO`~` q= ( q=) =Y q= HO> ` =Q LO_#C_
2) ^x JO`~` q= ( q=), =Y q= HO> Z=Q L#C_
3) ^x JO`~` q= ( q=) ^x =Y q= =#OQ L#C_
4) ^x JO`~` q= ( q=) ^x =Y q= =#O ^ JO`HO > Z=Q L#C_
469. ~`^ O iq` K@| ^" # ^=O (Legal Tender Money) nx zO k
( )
1) _l\ ^=O
2) z#<}, XH ~~ <} =i <@ HHx
3) z# <} =`"
4) XH ~~ <@ =i <} =`"
470. ^~ ^" Ò =K ~Q^ nxH H~}OH^
( )
1) Turnover of Money ~Q^
2) ^= q= H#yO
3) ^=O H#QH `yO K@
4) ^= q= `Q @
471. _l\ Q}HO# W x~z~

( )
I
1)
2) K=R
3) K=I- R
4) UnH^
I
K=
472. "Ò ^= ~ #Q^ ^=O H H =Y`

( )
1) Ja=$k ^ Z=
2) Ja=$k ^ ` =
3) Ja=$kKO k# ^ ` = 4) Ja=$k =i Ja=$kKO k# ^ =#O
464. 1
z~Orq
465. 4
466. 3
467. 1
468. 1
469. 3
172
470. 2
471. 1
472. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
473. ^= ~ #Q^ QO (Component) H H ^#`

( )
1) PiHa=$k`@ ~Q#
2) PiHa=$k`@ `Q #
3) PiHa=$k` =~ KO^^
4) " g H=
474. D HOk "x ` = ^=Ò Hey L# P
( )
1) "+<
2) ^=O
3) +~
4) O_
475. D HOk ^=q^ W`~ O^ Ô`` eK H< `# ÔÒ nxH JkH
^#` WK_
( )
1) qxQ =^=O 2) q= H=#O
3) q= xk
4) q +` KeO =}HO
476. = H , qH KeO W`~ ==~ i~ JkHO Q [<"Ô Ok#^ ^=O Jx
x~zOz#k
( )
1) ~ ~|~ <
2) =~
3) *.. q
4) H<
477. ^=O `èH H#Q H xO Jx J#^=~
( )
1) "H~
2) H<
3) q< _ = <
4) H^~
478. ^= q^ # x, Quj q^ Q =sHi Oz#^=~
( )
1) ~_H, Q~
2) Z<lOQ
3) H<
4) *.". H<
479. K nxH XH L^~}
( )
1) x["# ^=O
2) = ^=O
3) ~ u ^=O
4) Hy` ^=O
480. ^= ~ (i=}O) iy` ^=O q=
( )
1) ~Q#
2) `Q #
3) ~ O
4) " g H=
481. ^= i=}O iy`, ^~ ~
( )
1) ~Q#
2) `Q #
3) ~ O Q LO_#
4) " g H=
482. =}H ^=O
( )
1) i =}O Q <} 2) \H< =h 3) J#+OyH ^=O
4) = h
483. ^= i=}O ~ \O J~`, ^=~t ÔÒ H~O ^~ ~
( )
1) `Q #
2) ~ \O JQ#
3) ~ O Q LO_# 4) q UgH=
484. + ~ qx= gH~}
O
( )
1
1
1 1
1) PT= MM + V.V
2) MV= M V
3) PT= MV + M1V1 4) PT = M
V
473. 2
474. 1
483. 2
484. 3
z~Orq
475. 3
476. 1
477. 3
478. 2
173
479. 3
480. 2
481. 1
482. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
485. + ~ #Q^ ==~ gH~}

O V zOK#k
(
1) ~ u ^= i=}O 2) "q H ^= P^ q=O
3) ^= K=} "QO
4) "~ ==~ q=O
486. ^= x\ ~ O_ ` K |_`, ^= =}HO # W ~
(
1) UH q^#O
2) k q^#O
3) |OQ~O =i Hy` =}O
4) " g H=
487. K_ ^=O, =Oz ^"x K=}Oz ìq" O k Jx Jx#^=~
(
1) Q< Ò
2) Q =O
3) Q+" Ò
4) H^~ Ò
488. D HOk"x Uk + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ# O|OkOz ~ # k H^
(
1) D ÔÒ n~H xH =i O k
2) V =i V1 ~ = x " O K |_#k
3) ^= i=}O ~ \O J~`, ^= q= ~ \O J=Òk
4) T ~ O Q LO@Ok =i W`~ H~H ÒÒQ LO@Ok
489. D HOk "x Uk =~ #Q^ x gH~}
O
(
1) M=KPY
2) P= KR/M
3) P = KR/M [C+R (I-C)]
4) P=M/KT
490. D HOk "x Q #Q^ x gH~}
O
(
2) P= KR/M
1) P=M/KT
3) M=KPY
4) MV=PT
491. + ~ gH~}
O 'V', H Oa_ gH~}
O ^xH =#O
(
2)I/R
3) I/K
4) K
1) R
492. D HOk "x PiH == ^= ~ # x~~ OKq?
(
1) #Q^ x x+u
2) [ H~ h =i _l@ LOKH#@ HiH` LO_@
3) JkH H ^=O
4) = h
493. JkH H ^=O Wq He LO\~
(
1) H~ h, x =i JkH x
2) H~ h =i _=O_ _l@
3) "}[ O H Jx JC
4) _=O_ =i HeH _l\ JC
494. Q+" Ò q=iOK#k
(
1) J~ Q= |OQ~O# ~ O_ Q= ~ =i_
2) =Oz ^=O, K_ ^"x ìq " O k
3) ^= K=} "QO Z=Q X_^_ #=Òk
4) K_ ^=O =Oz ^"x K=}Oz ìq" O k
485. 3
z~Orq
486. 2
487. 3
488. 3
489. 1
490. 2
174
491. 3
492. 4
493. 1
)
)
)
)
494. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
495. H< H~O, JOK< ^=_=O_ (Speculative demand for money) nxH O
1) =_~ @
2) P^ ~
3) ^ ~
4) Lù ~
496. ~`^ O M2 ^=~ H=#O Wk QO
( )
1) M1 { =^ Jx _l@
2) M1{ "}[ O=^ L# HeH _l@
3) M1{ ^ _l@
4) M3{ =^ Hx _l@
497. ^=~t ÔÒ H~O, D HOk U O^~ O ^~ ~ ~Q#
( )
1) ^=~ `Q ^
2) ^= K=} "QO ~Q@
3) "Ò ==~ i=}O ~Q@
4) "q H ^= _=O_ ~Q@
498. q< _ = < H~O, ^= _=O_ x~
H Wk =Y"# k H^
( )
1) "Ò O^
2) =O^*Q` L^ O
3) qq^ ~H P Ok# H ~|_
4) uH, =#"`~ =^# # == =i =#= =^# O
499. ^=O H JO`~` q=, ^x =Y q= =#"` ^xx
( )
1) \H< ^=O
2) i =}O Q ^=O
3) H$u= ^=O
4) kH~ ^=O
500. `@ ^=O zOK#k, ^=~ ~Q^ LO>
( )
1) J^ J#Ò Jx ^~ ~Q^
2) qq^ J#` Jx ^~ ~Q@
3) J^ J#Ò Jx ^~ `Q @
4) [=^ L# #Q^ =i H OÔ =^ L# x

501. + ~ gH~}
O V =i H Oa_ qx= gH~}
O K =^ O|OÔ
2) V=I/I+K
3) V=I+K
4) V=I-K
1) V=I/K
502. + ~ qx= gH~}
O è* #k
( )
1) ^=O# ^~ =^ `H O|OÔ
2) ^=O# ^~ =^ q= O|OÔ
3) ^=O# ^~ =^ ` H =i J#` O|OÔ
4) ^=O# ^~ =^ q= =i J#` O|OÔ
503. ^=O O_
( )
1) Lù J^ O
2) iqÒ` _# Lù =`" ^ O
3) Lù iQ ^ O
4) " g H=
495. 1
z~Orq
496. 3
497. 2
498. 2
499. 2
500. 1
175
501. 1
502. 3
503. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
504. ~_H , Q~ JaO ^=O J<k PiH ==

(
1) "Ò ^=Ò XH QO
2) `èH H#Q H xO
3) qx= =^=O 4) q= H=#O
505. _ J<k
(
1) K@| ^ ^=O
2) SzH ^=O
3) kH~ ^=O
4) " g H=
506. ^=O H Lq^ # QiOz K #^=~
(
1) *.".H<
2) ~ H<
3) H^~
4) ~|~ <
507. ^=~t Ô`xH =~+_x Z=ix JO\~
(
1) q< _ = <
2) *.".H<
3) r< _<
4) WiOQ + ~
508. ^=~t Ô`x | K~OH `z#"~
(
1) *.".H<
2) WiOQ + ~
3) Q
4) r< _<
509. H Oa_ gH~}
x K #^=~
(
1) =~ 2) ~|~ < =i Q
3) H<
4) = x ~ # "
510. ^= x ^ #Q^ x ÔÒ Jx ^xx JO\~
(
1) H Oa_ Ô`x
2) + ~ ÔÒ
3) H< ÔÒ
4) " g H=
)
)
)
)
)
)
OHOQ
511. 6 "}[ O *fH~}
?
(
1) 19 A 1969
2) 15 U 1980 3) 15 A 1980
4) 19 U 1969
ZC_ K< ~
(
512. RBI *f~H~}
1) 1935
2) 1955
3) 1969
4) 1949
513. RBI # ZC_ O z<~ ?
(
1) 1935
2) 1955
3) 1969
4) 1949
514. s _O\OQ ~ @
(
1) =_~ @
2) O~ @
3) a _O\
4) u# ~ @
515. a =~\ ~`^ O ZC_ ~OaOK|_#k
(
1) 1960
2) 1952
3) 1962
4) 1970
516. "~, |OQ~O x"~, =_ "~ D<\ OH~ sx K #k Z=~?(
1) H<
2) H^~
3) "~
4) |~~
517. ~` Ô H OÔ# KOk#k
(
1) Ô x "Ò OHOQ ==# xO`} Kk 2) i[~ OH P WO_
3) "}[ O Jx
4) Z =i a
504. 1
505. 2
506. 2
507. 3
514. 2
515. 2
516. 2
517. 4
z~Orq
508. 2
509. 4
176
510. 1
511. 2
512. 4
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
513. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
518. =`#"# _l@ JO> Uq?

( )
1) O #Q^ @_O =# U~_# _l@
2) O ~}x ~z, P =# M`^~ i@ [= K# C_ U~_q
3) Z =i a
4) a =`"
519. U OII WOi O# \ O P WO_ Q =i<~
( )
1) 1955 E 1
2) 1956 E 1
3) 1950 PQ 1
4) 1959 E 1
520. ~` OHOQ ~ Q+< K@O U OII K< ~
( )
1) 1959
2) 1949
3) 1935
4) 1982
521. Oz OHOQ "^@ U Ô ~O" # k ?
( )
1) J"iH
2) WOQO_
3) ~
4) WO_
522. ~`^ O J= L# OHOQ == Uk?
( )
1) x\ OHOQ
2) =H OHOQ
3) Oz OHOQ
4) Q OHOQ
523. J"iH J= L# OHOQ == Uk ?
( )
1) x\ OHOQ
2) =H OHOQ
3) Oz OHOQ
4) Q OHOQ
524. =#Ô O =lH xO`} ZC_ " \~ ?
( )
1) 1947 _O |~ 14 2) 1957 _O |~ 14
3)1967 _O |~ 14 4) 1977 _O |~ 14
525. 1969 O# *fO K _xH H~}"q\?
( )
1) Q`k` O ^~}x JiH@_ O
2) PiH H H OnH~}
# JiH@_ O
3) =lH xO`} H# K~ HH=_O
4) Z =i a
526. ~ O_=i O *fH~}
ZC_ [iyOk?
( )
1) 1972 [#=i 1
2) 1970 [#=i 1
3) 1980 U 15 4) 1982 U 15
527. 1980 ZxH@ | _ _l@# O# *fO K~?
( )
1) 50H@
2) 200H@
3) 300H@
4) Z =i a
528. ~`^ O Qg} O# ZC_ O z<~
( )
1) 1960 JH|~ 2
2) 1982 JH|~ 2
3) JH|~2, 1975 4) 1976 JH|~ 2
518. 2
519. 1
520. 2
521. 2
522. 3
523. 1
524. 3
525. 3
526. 3
527. 2
528. 3
z~Orq
177
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
529. Of Qg} O xf~x gHO K\xH 1977 i[~O Z=i J^ H` #

xqOz#k
1) #~O O Hq\
2) P~.l. ~
Hq\
3) ~OQ~[< Hq\
4) O. . Ô`" Hq\
530. Hx+ i[~ U "~ H OÔ ^Q~ LO_e
1) 85 H@ |OQ~O 115H@ q^j=~HO
2) 100 H@ |OQ~O 115 H@ q^j =~HO
3) 115 H@ |OQ~O 85 H@ q^j =~HO
4) Z =i a
531. `@ ^= q^<x ukOz#^=~?
1) H^~
2) "< H
3) _IIH#<
4) =H<
532. O HH ~"` e#^=~?
1) H^~
2) "H~
3) _IIH#<
4) H<
533. ''_# ~H~ Wk "^\ H_\H~. nxx U Ô "^\ iQ ~OaOz<~ ?
1) J"iH
2) a@<
3) ~
4) #
534. 1935 =~ ~` ^ ` OH~ Q U O LO_k?
1) 1806 HH` O
2) 1843 =^ O
3) 1840 O~ O
4) 1921 WOi O
535. '' JOîH XH~ u XHiH JO^~ D Ò Z=i KOk#k?
1) H~ O
2) H O^ O
3) =~H O
4) UgH^
536. U Hq\ K# "~ <~# U~@K< ~?
1) #~O O Hq\
2) KH=i Hq\
3) N.a. t=~=<
4) _H~ *s Hg+<
537. Qg} == ~ u tY~Q O Jx nxx ~ ?
1) IDBI
2) ICICI
3) NABARD
4) SBI
538. NABARD # ZC_ O K~
1) 1962
2) 1964
3) 1980
4) 1982
539. 1969 OII A 19= D HOk O *fO K |_ ^
1) n< O eq>_
2) O_H \ OH eq>_
3) WO_ < O eq>_
4) PO^ O
529. 4
530. 3
531. 2
532. 3
533. 1
534. 4
535. 1
536. 3
537. 3
Hq\x
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
538. 4
539. 4
z~Orq
178
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
540. POÔ# ZC_ *fO K< ~ ?

(
1) 1969
2) 1980
3) 1955
4) 1982
541. =#Ô XH H OÔ# O Kx U Hg+< zOK#
(
1) #~O O Hq\
2) KH=i Hq\
3) ~ Hq+<
4) Z =i a
542. ~ Hg+< # D HOk qÔ Q _ ~ ?
(
1) < OQ Hq\
2) #~ O Hq\
3) [s Hg+<
4) N.a. t=~=< Hg+<
543. 1926 =# ^ H~ h, < < xqOz# Hq\
(
1) < OQ Hq\
2) #~ O Hq\
3) [s Hg+<
4) N.a. t=~=< Hg+<
544. ~f ZQ=u, kQ=` O Jx nxx JO\~?
(
1) WOi O
2) SBI
3) ICICI
4) EXIM
545. EXIM O# ZC_ O z<~ ?
(
1) 1921
2) 1935
3) 1982
4) 1980
546. O U qÔ Q =_x OkOK#
(
1) _l@
2) <
3) _=O_ _
4) qx=a
547. ` O_g ^ K @|_x U=x JO\~
(
1) @|_ x+u
2) #Q^ x= x+u 3) K@| ^ ^=` x+u 4) " g H^
548. n< (Den2) O XH
(
1) ` O
2) *fO K |_# O 3) "@
O 4) q^jO
549. *fO K |_# O +_ O J=`
(
1) ZC _
2) Hx O^~ 3) H=
4) " g H^
550. O D HOk "xK xOuOK|_`~?
(
1) i\ ZHO* ~ P WO_
2) i[~ O P WO_
3) HOh x= ~
4) HOh #"^ K@O
551. ~` i[~O +_ #"^ J~# O Uq ?
(
1) *f O
2) +_ O
3) ` O
4) q^j O
552. O ~u nxK ~Q#
(
1) ^=~ ~Q^
2) _l@ ~Q^
3) Z =i a
4) " g H^
540. 2
541. 3
542. 1
550. 2
551. 2
552. 3
z~Orq
543. 1
544. 4
545. 3
179
546. 2
547. 3
548. 2
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
549. 1
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
553. #Q^ x x+u ~Q^ nxH îf#

(
1) O ~ u ~Q^
2) O ~ u `Q ^
3) O ~ u ~ O 4) " g H^
554. ~` i[~ O D ~ @ =^ "}[ O # WK#
(
1) ~ u ~ @
2) < ~ @
3) O ~ @
4) _O@ ~ @
555. H` O U~@ K @ nx J#=u fH"e?
(
2) RBI
3) BIFR
4) H~
1) SEBI
556. |~` =~\ ==~ nx Q=
(
1) ~ u q^#O
2) P^ q^#O
3) ^~ q^#O
4) ^= q^#O
557. ^= q^#O nxK ~H # K #k
(
1) RBI
2) SEBI
3) q` =Ou`Y 4) CLB
558. #Q^ x x+u nxK x~~ OK|_#
(
3) [
4) "~O
1) =~\
2) RBI
559. PiH =OÔ HO ~ u $+
(
1) ` =
2) LO_^
3) =~^
4) q UgH=
560. K@| ^ ^=`~t x+u (SLR) HO^ JOwHiO|_k
(
1) i< +~
2) L & T +~
3) >[s a
4) DH\ +~
561. q^j =~H x O~H _ Z=~
(
1) q` =Ou`Y
2) "}[ O
4) SEBI
3) RBI
562. H OÔ i\# H#_O, J=_x U=O\~
(
1) ="
|_# =~\ ==~
2) |~OQ =~\ ==~
3) |~OQ |} ==~
4) ="
|_# DH\ ==~
563. ~`^ O |~OQ =~\ ==~ q[=OÒ HH=_xH H~}O
(
1) ` = ^
2) ` = @|_
3) Ja=$k KOk# a =~\
4) ` = ZQ=`
564. ^= i=}O iy`, ^= q=
(
1) ~Q#
2) `Q #
3) ~ O Q LO_# 4) " q H=
565. ~`^ O =Y"# "}[ O# *fO K# O=`~O
(
1) 1969
2) 1970
3) 1971
4) 1972
553. 2
554. 3
555. 2
563. 3
564. 2
565. 1
z~Orq
556. 4
557. 1
558. 2
180
559. 1
560. 3
561. 3
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
562. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
566. Ò *s K# `èH a (Adhoc Bills) nxH îf#

(
1) ^= ~ ~Q^
2) ^=~ `Q ^
3) ^= ~ ~ O
4) " q H=
567. ^~}OQ "}[ O WK #
(
1) n~HeH #
2) HeH # 3) Z =i a
4) " g H=
568. Ja=$k O WK # (~})
(
1) n~H eH ~}
2) HeH ~}
3) Z =i a
4) " g H=
569. JkH x x+u L#C_
(
1) _l\ Q}HO ` =Q LO@Ok
2) _l\ Q}HO Z=Q LO@Ok
3) ~ " # _l\ Q}HO4) " g H=
570. O ~ u ~Q^ nxH ^^_ #
(
1) =i` ^"}O 2) _=O_ i` ^"}O
3) x~}`H ^"}O 4) " g H=
571. ~ u i=}O nxK xOuK|_Òk
(
1) i=}`H ~ u xO`}
2) Q}`H ~ u xO`}
3) Z#H# ~ u xO`}
4) " g H=
572. ` H L^ O H~ WK ~ u "O nxK xOuOK|_Òk
(
1) i=}`H ~ u xO`}
2) Z#H# ~ u xO`}
2) Z =i a
4) " g H=
573. D HOk"x Uk ~ u xO`} û
(
1) O ~ @ q^#O
2) H=# =i< ^=O
3) KOH x x+u
4) = x
574. D O^~ O LO_=# =i# Z=Q LO_#
(
1) ==O
2) ZQ=` 3) z#`~ ~OQ
4) JOK< H~H
575. K@| ^ ^=` x+u ( SLR ) ~`^ O ZO`
(
1) 15%
2) 20%
3) 25%
4) 30%
576. #Q^ x x+u nxK x~~ OK|_#
(
1) =~\
2) "}[ O
3) ^= JkH~ == 4) " g H=
577. D O^~ O ~ u x H=|nHi ~
(
1) ~ u _=O_ #
2) ~ u _=O_, ~ HO> Z=
3) ~ u _=O_ ` =
4) " g H=
566. 1
567. 2
576. 3
577. 2
z~Orq
568. 1
569. 1
570. 2
571. 1
181
572. 2
573. 4
574. 4
)
)
)
)
)
)
575. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
^~~ x~O
578. ^= i=} ÔÒ H~O ^~ ~
1) ^=~" # ^$y+ O
2) "q H~O Q ^$y+ O
3) Z =i a
4) " g H=
579. PiH == PiH QO L#@~` ^~ ~
1) ` =
2) Z=
3) #
4) " g H=
580. D ^~ ~ =^ "~ "` P"Ô` LO\~
1) `Q`#C_
2) ~Q`#C_
3) ~ O Q L#C_
4) " g H=
581. ^= ~ ~Q^ nxH îf#
1) ^~ ~ ~Q^
2) ^~ ~ `Q ^
3) ~ " # ^~ ~
4) " g H=
582. q+ ~ HO> q+ _=O_ JkHO Q LO> ^xx U=x ~
1) P^ JO`~O
2) qxQ JO`~O
3) @|_ JO`~O
4) ^"} JO`~O
583. ^= K=} "QO `Q ^ nxH îf#
1) ^~ ~ ~Q^
2) ~ " # ^~ ~
3) ^~ ~ `Q ^
4) " g H=
584. ^~ ~ H IS-LM ÔÒ H~O ^~
1) ^= ~OQ ^$y+ O
2) "q H ~OQ ^$y+ O
3) Z =i a
4) " g H=
585. P1
J<k nxH L^~}
P0
P0 Q0
X 100
z~Orq
( )
( )
( )
( )
J<k
2) j p
3) + ~ p
4) " g H=
2) j p
3) + ~ p
4) " g H=
X 100
1) ~ p
578. 1
( )
2) ~~ ` Q@

4) " g H=
1) ~ p
J<k
587. P1 Q1
P0 Q1
( )
X 100 = P01
1) i` Q@

3) Z =i a
586. P1 Q0
( )
579. 2
580. 2
581. 1
582. 4
583. 3
182
584. 3
585. 2
586. 1
587. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
588.
( p ) (j p) 100 J<k
1) + ~ p
2) p
3) =~ p
589. D HOk "x Uk ^~ ~Q^ H H O# YzÒQ K O k
1) ~ p
2) p
3) + ~ p
590. D HOk "x Uk ^~ ~Q^# JkHO Q JOK< " O k
1) + ~ p
2) p
3) ~ p
591. D HOk p Uk ^~ ~Q^# ` =Q JOK< " O k
1) + ~ p
2) j p
3) p
592. x~O`~O Q ^~ ~Q` LO> ^xx U=x ~
1) u ^"}O
2) ^"}O
3) Q + <
593. XH =O ^~ ~Q^ =i x~^QO Oq ^xx
1) ^"}O
2) Q + <
3) u ^"}O
594. ^~ ~ =~# nx ^~ Q}O K=K
1) p
2) P^ }
3) O|OÔ
595. ^~ ~ ~Q^ =# _ ^ = ~
1) rÒ O^"~
2) #< O^"~
3) |}^`
4) |}Q `
596. O^ PiH" ` " O H~O ^=O
1) `@O
2) `@O H^
3) Z =i a
597. H< H~O ^=O
1) `@O
2) `@O H^
3) Z =i a
598. x[ rqÒ ^=O
1) `@O
2) `@O H^
3) Z =i a
599. qxQ^~x ^~ p ZH_ H O|_Òk
1) i> =~\
2) \ =~\
3) q^j =~\
( )
4) " g H=
( )
4) =~ p
( )
4) j p
(
4) ~ p
(
4) " g H=
(
4) " g H=
(
4) " g H=
(
)
)
)
)
)
( )
4) " g H=
( )
4) " g H=
( )
4) " g H=
( )
4) " g H=
^"}O
600. O~ L^y` K~H =O^ =K ^"}O
( )
1) O~ ^"}O 2) HH ^"}O 3) 1 =i 2
4) q UgH=
601. D ~ =^ ^=~t ÔÒ =~= OÒQ xK #
( )
1) O~ L^y` 2) x~^y`
3) K # x~^QO 4) O $+ x~^QO
588. 1
589. 3
590. 3
591. 2
598. 2
599. 1
600. 2
601. 1
z~Orq
592. 2
593. 2
183
594. 1
595. 4
596. 1
597. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
602. O=`~xH 3% K# ^~ ~ ~Q` LO> P ^"}O

( )
1) ~ W<+< (Hyper inflation)
2) QOQ ^"}O (Galloping inflation)
3) H ^"}O
4) " g H=
603. qÒQ L# ^"}x xOuOKH `, nxH îf#
( )
1) ~ ^"}O 2) QOQ ^"}O 3) H ^"}O 4) " g H=
604. < 50% HO> Z= L# ^"}O
( )
1) ~ ^"}O 2) H ^"}O 3) u ^"}O
4) " g H=
605. ^= JkH~ xO`} ^\ ^~ iy`
( )
1) ~ ^"}O 2) H ^"}O
3) QOQ ^"}O 4) " g H=
606. Ja=$k ^ DHOk H~}O =# ^"}O Oq OK#
( )
1) _=O_ xO`} 2) ^ ~ @ Z= 3) Z= @|_ ~ @ 4)
H~`
607. ` xO`} x ^"}O# D qÔ Q ~
( )
1) |~` ^"}O 2) =" # ^"}O 3) J}z"# ^"}O 4) " g H=
608. Ò ^~ xO`}# `yOz# `~ "` =K ^"}O
( )
1) |~` ^"}O 2) ^~ ^"}O 3) J}z"# ^"}O 4) " g H=
609. Ô =yO `~ "` =K ^"}O nxH L^~}
( )
1) ~ ^"}O 2) u^"}O
3) J}z"# ^"}O 4) |~` ^"}O
610. JkH _=O_ nxH îf#
( )
1) _=O_ i` ^"}O
2) = i` ^"}O
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
611. nx ~Q^ =# _=O_ i` ^"}O U~_#
( )
1) "`<
2) =_
3) =_^ ~ ^~ 4) ^=

612. _=O_ i` ^"}O nxH îf#
( )
1) JkH ^~ ~ 2) ` = ^~ ~ 3) JkH x~^Q ^~ 4) " g H=
613. D HOk H~}O =# = i` ^"}O U~_#
( )
1) "`<
2)
3) =_^ ~ ^~ 4) = x
614. D HOk H~}O =# = i` ^"}O U~_#
( )
1) "Ò ~ ~ Y =~
2) ~ ~ Y =~
3) _=O_ ~ Y =~_O
4) "Ò _=O_ ~ Y =~_O
615. e ~ Y D ~ O_O\ =^ O|OÔ K#
( )
1) PÔ =i =O
2) ^"}O =i x~^QO
3) PÔ =i ^~ ~
4) " g H=
602. 3
603. 2
604. 1
605. 1
612. 1
613. 4
614. 1
615. 2
z~Orq
606. 4
607. 1
184
608. 3
609. 3
610. 1
611. 4
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
616. e ~ Y H~O, ^"}O =i x~^QO =^ O|OÔ ?

( )
1) ~}`HO
2) ^< `HO
3) U O|OÔ ^ 4) " g H=
617. e ~ Y "
( )
1) H "#
2) X- JHxH =O`~O 3) Y- JHxH =O`~O 4) HOkH "#
618. n~H O e ~ Y "
( )
1) H "#
2) X- JHxH =O`~O 3) Y- JHxH =O`~O 4) HOkH "#
619. ^"}O nxH îf#
( )
1) P^ =# O}
2) P^ J=# O}
3) P^ O} =O LO_^
4) " g H=
620. _=O_ i` ^"}O nxK i+iO|_#
( )
1) H~ " # K~ 2) ^=~" # K~ 3) ` H K~
4) 1 =i 2
621. ` H K~ QO
( )
1) P^ q^#O
2) ^~ q^#O
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
622. ^"}O =O kQ=`
( )
1) ~Q#
2) `Q #
3) ~ O Q LO_# 4) " g H=
623. P^ q^#O nx LO_#
( )
1) ` ~|_ xO`}
2) H~~@ ~|_ xO`}
3) "`< =i r` xO`}
4) " g H=
624. ^"}O xOuOK@, ^~ q^#O# O|OkOz ` K~ Uk?
( )
1) Lù H~H ^~ xO`}
2) i~ == ^~ xO`}
3) =_^ ~ ^~ xO`}
4) = x
625. ^"}O# `yO K@ H K~ QOQ Wq LO_#
( )
1) # q^#O
2) = q^#O
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
626. ^"}O# `yO K@ ^=~" # K~ Wq Wq_ LO_#
( )
1) O ~ @
2) #Q^ x x+u 3) K@| ^ ^=` x+u 4) = x
627. ^ ~ @ ~Q^ nxH îf#
( )
1) ^"}O
2) u ^"}O
3) ^~ ~ ~ O 4) " g H=
628. XH PiH == O~ L^y` ~ =^ L#_, Oi` @|_ ~Q^ nxH
îf#
( )
1) ^"}O
2) u ^"}O
3) ~ " # ^~
4) " g H=
629. ^"}O nxH îf#
( )
1) ZQ=` ~Q^ 2) ZQ=` `Q ^ 3) ~ " # ZQ=` 4) " g H=
616. 1
617. 4
618. 3
619. 2
626. 4
627. 2
628. 1
629. 2
z~Orq
620. 4
621. 3
185
622. 1
623. 3
624. 4
625. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
630. ^"} JO`~x Z=~ iK O K~?

( )
1) =~
2) *.P~.H
3) *.ZO.H#
4) " g H=
631. ^"}O nxH ^^_ #
( )
1) ~Q^ 2) `Q ^
3) ~ " # 4) " g H=
632. ^"}O gig^ u =O K#
( )
1) PiOK"~ 2) ~ P^ =~"~ 3) JOK< "~ 4) " g H=
633. u^"}O HO H#_k
( )
1) ^~ ~ ~Q^
2) ^~ ~ `Q ^
3) ~ " # ^~ ~
4) " g H=
634. u^"}O nxH îf#
( )
1) PiH= OÔ
2) PiH #~r=#O 3) PiH QO 4) " g H=
635. u^"} =# JkQq OK@ (i+iOK@) Ò nxx J=K e
( )
1) q~}~"# q^#O (expansionary policy) 2) u^"} q^#O
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
636. '` = =~ tx K ^=~t `~= @" ^"}O Jx K #k
( )
1) >
2) H^~
3) _<
4) " g H=
637. 'H~ h <@# Z=Q *s K @" ^"}O Jx Jx#^=~?
( )
1) ~ sH"~~ 2) >
3) Z..Q
4) H#
638. '"q H PÔ ~Q^ H< ^= PÔ Z=Q ~Q_ " ^"}O Jx K #^=~?
1) Z..Q
2) H^~
3) H|~
4) = x
639. '^= q= _ =_O JO> ^~ ~Q_ " ^"}O Jx K #^=~?
( )
1) WiOQ + ~
2) H#
3) H^~
4) = x
640. ^"}O =# _ " ~
( )
1) |}^`
2) |}Q `
3) ~ PÔ H"~ 4) i>~ # "~
641. ^"}x '^_` e#^=~?
( )
1) Q
2) .Z<.=H
3)
4) H#
642. q= ^"} Ô`x ukOz#k
( )
1) >
2) K~ Z.+
3) H|~
4) " g H=
643. D HOk "x ^xK ^"}x `èHOQ xOuOK=K
( )
1) ^~ # `yO K_O
2) ^~ # OK_O
3) # ~ @# OK_O
4) ^= ~ ~Q^# xOuOK@
630. 3
631. 1
632. 2
633. 2
640. 2
641. 2
642. 2
643. 4
z~Orq
634. 1
635. 1
186
636. 3
637. 2
638. 1
639. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
644. _=O_ i` ^"}O U H~}OK U~_#

( )
1) =_ ~ @ ~Q^
2) O ~ u `Q ^
3) qxQ =O ~Q@
4) "`< `yO
645. u^"}O giH O K ~#
( )
Z) L^Q
a) #< O^"~ ) DH\ "\^~ _) |}Q
1) 1 =i 2
2) 1, 2 =i 3
3) 1 =i 4
4) 2, 3 =i 4
646. |~OQ ^"}x J^ K @ Ò uH =i ^=~" # xO`}# qk
^xx
( )
1) =~ ^"}O
2) _=O_ i` ^"}O
3) ~OQ Hê H ^"}O
4) J}z"# ^"}O
647. n~H e =H~ Y giK ~OkOK|_Ok
( )
1) H# =i ~_ 2) _= < =i 3) =i e 4) " g H=
648. ^=O q= ~Q` LO_ u x U=O\~?
( )
1) ^"}O
2) u^"}O
3) Q + <
4) " g H=
649. WPI x Q}OKO^ P^~ O=`~O# 199394H |^ 200001x P^~ O=`~OQ
HiOKx ~ K# Hq\ Uk?
( )
1) Jal`< Hq\ 2) J~< <Q Hq\ 3) J~< O Q Hq\ 4) .~OQ~[< Hq\
` q`=
650. `# =K ` H [#O` xqÒ O_ [Oî HO Ò K =xH =
x~O Ô Q KeO K KeO # U=x ~ ?
( )
1) A
2) #
3) ` H qkO 4) 1 =i 3
651. # è, JOu= =O XHi # LO__O J<k?
( )
1) ~H #
2) ` H #
3) J#` # 4) 1 =i 3
652. == |~=# |\Q x, #i=}x |\Q x qkOK ## U=x JO\~?
( )
1) xi+" # # 2) J#` #
3) =#Q`" # # 4) ` H #
653. # qkO ukH J~# PÔ, O^ iy#Hn # ~ @ _ iQ q^#O# U=O\~?
1) u~Qq #
2) ~Qq # 3) xi+" # # 4) 1 =i 3
654. # qkO ukH J~# PÔ, O^ iy#Hn # ~ @ `Q_ x U=x ~ ?
1) ~Qq #
2) u~Qq #
3) J#` # 4) 1 =i 3
644. 3
645. 1
646. 4
647. 2
648. 2
649. 1
650. 2
651. 2
652. 1
653. 2
654. 2
z~Orq
187
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
655. # qkO ukH J~# PÔ, O^ iy< # ~ @ =~ O_ L#K ^xx...( )

1) ~Qq #
2) u~Qq #
3) J#` # 4) 1 =i 2
656. qxQxH, qH xHQx XH OÒxH "t OK ~ qkOK ## U=x ~ ?
1) >i# #
2) PH #
3) ~H " # # 4) H~~\ #
657. ''K@O x x|O^# # JuHqOK O_ # #O_ ` OKH=_x W ~ ?
( )
1) # ZQ"`
2) # ` OKH=_O 3) # Ò 4) ~K ~
658. ÔQ H ^~ `xH <OQ KeO=# ^xH< `= # KeOK_x U=x
JO\=?
( )
1) # ZQ"`
2) # ` OKH=_O 3) # Ò 4) ~K ~
659. ZQ=u, kQ=u J == qkOK OH# U=x JO\~?
( )
1) #
2) H~~\ #
3) H" # 4) 1 =i 2
660. "~ x"i P `xH KOk` "\x U=O\~?
( )
1) ~K ~
2) ` H qkO
3) Z\
4) =^#
661. XH =H =~}O z#_ J`x P "Ò q=# |\ qkOK =~} OH# U=x ~ ?
1) ~K ~
2) ` H qkO
3) Z\
4) Z\ _\
662. HOh `= PÔ KeO K ## U=x JO\~?
( )
1) H~~\ #
2) H" #
3) \\
4) #
663. P OkOz#_ q=H< "\x Jq#_ q= Z=Q L#@~` P `_ qkOz#
## U=x JO\~?
( )
1) =^# P # 2) =^# # 3) [i=< 4) LO` # ~ @
664. KeO =# # "Ò J^#OQ HO` Ò K# qkOK #x U=x ~ ? ( )
1) Ja=$k #
2) LO` #
3) ~K ~
4) 1 =i 2
665. K@O x+kOz# H~H# x~Oz# "i qkOK "`# U=x JO\~?
( )
1) Ja=$k #
2) [i=<
3) ~K ~
4) 1 =i 3
666. PiH O x Z=~ xq~ ?
( )
1) ~Ru
2) ^ #=Ou
3) Q=~~
4) 2 =i 3
667. Zx O=`~HHi PiH O x xq~ ?
( )
1) 6
2) 5
3) 7
4) 4
655. 3
656. 2
657. 2
665. 2
666. 1
667. 2
z~Orq
658. 1
659. 3
660. 3
188
661. 4
662. 1
663. 2
664. 3
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
668. ~` ~*OQOx U PiH H~O PiH O x xq~ ?

( )
1) PiH 270
2) PiH 280
3) PiH 260
4) PiH 285
669. Ò i |_\ # QO_ `èH |_\ # " @_x U=x ~ ?
( )
1) _ ~ q`=
2) H O^ q` q^#O 3) F\ P< JHO\ 4) ~R q` q^#O
670. |=u ## ~ K# ^=~?
( )
1) _<
2) "Q~
3) H~
4) P_" `
671. H.<.~* Hq\ ~ K# # Uk?
( )
1) =$u #
2) =O #
3) O^ # 4) ==Ô #
672. =O #x " @=x zOz#k Z=~?
( )
1) H~
2) ~* K
Hq\ 3) H .Z<.~*
4) _<
673. ` H~H @ |_\ q^<x =iOz#^=~?
( )
1) *.ZO.H#
2) H~
3) _<
4) P_" `
674. ~`^ O H O^ Ò |_\ # ^~}OQ U < ~" O@ =iOK#
( )
1) [#=i < z=i xk#O
2) |=i < z=i xk#O
3) =i < "^\ xk#O
4) =i < z=i xk#O
675. `H #, ~H # JO^"# JHK =O\q Jx K#^=~?
( )
1) H~
2) *.Z.q
3) Q_ <
4) |<
676. "Graduated Taxation is Graduated Robbery" Jx K#k Z=~?
(
)
1) H~
2) *.Z.q
3) r< _<
4)
677. =#Ô # ZQ"` # OH+O Q q+ O z# Hq\ Uk?
( )
1) ~* K
Hq\ 2) "OK Hq\
3) Z.H .~ Hq\ 4) KH Hq\
678. H~~@ #x ^xg^ qk~ ?
( )
1) ZQ=` kQ=`
2) =
3) HOh PÔ
4) == PÔ
679. `H # ij< O J^_=~?
( )
1) "OK Hq\
2) Z.H .~ Hq\ 3) KH Hq\
4) "< H Hq\
680. ~H # qK~} O O (1977) J^ _=~?
( )
1) Z.H .~ Hq\ 2) *< =`
Hq\ 3) "< H Hq\ 4) "OK Hq\
668. 2
669. 3
670. 3
678. 3
679. 1
680. 1
z~Orq
671. 4
672. 1
673. 1
189
674. 2
675. 3
676. 2
677. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
681. =#Ô P^ ## `` " \# ^=~?

( )
1) KH
2) "OK
3) *< =`

4) ~* = q<
682. =#Ô P^ ## `` U O=`~O " \~ ?
( )
1) 1660
2) 1760
3) 1860
4) 1960
683. P^ # HO^ ` ikH Z_ "oOk?
( )
1) 1909 O~} =OQ
2) 1919 O~} =OQ
3) 1935 O~} =OQ
4) 1947 O~} =OQ
684. P^ # K@O Z_ J=H =zOk?
( )
1) 1951
2) 1961
) 1962
_) 1963
685. O^ # ~ K# k?
( )
1) "OK
2) ~* K
Hq\ 3) H~
4) 1 =i 2
686. Q` |_\ ^x qOz ` |_\ u^##, "\ [<# =kO K, |_\#
~OkOK q^<x U=x JO\~?
( )
1) Oè` |_\
2) @ |_\
3) 1 =i 2
4) r~ |_\
687. "^\ << Hq+< J^_=~?
( )
1) H .O`#O
2) H ..xy
3) Z.H.KO^
4) .q.~[=<~
688. ~O_= << Hq+< J^_=~?
( )
1) H .O`#O
2) H ..xy
3) Z.H.KO^
4) .q.~[=<~
689. S^= << Hq+< J^_=~?
( )
1) .q.~[=<~
2) |#O^~ _
3) Z.H.KO^
4) =g~`y
690. P~= << Hq+< J^_=~?
( )
1) .q.~[=<~
2) |#O^~ _
3) Z.H.KO^
4) =g~`y
691. ^ << Hq+< J^_=~?
( )
1) H ..O`
2) Z.H.KO^
3) ". a.K"<
4) *.ZO.+`
692. g\H "No Quid-Pro-Quo" =O LO_#?
( )
1) #
2) A

3) ` H qkO 4) `Hg ~}
( )
693. Agricultural Holding Tax (AHT) u kOz#"~ ?
1) H~
2) ~* Hq\
3) ~*K
Hq\ 4) "OK
681. 4
682. 3
683. 2
691. 1
692. 1
693. 2
z~Orq
684. 2
685. 3
686. 4
190
687. 2
688. 1
689. 4
690. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
694. ` q`= # "Functional Finance" Jx K #"~?

( )
1) .H
2) Z..~ ~
3) H#
4) _<
695. Tax holiday J#Q
( )
1) # Z= H@_ O
2) # ` =Q H@_ O
3) # H@ O_ q#~O
4) 1 =i 2
696. ~`^ O PiH O=`~O D `n# ~O= =Òk
( )
1) 31 =i
2) U 31
3) U 1
4) =i 1
697. ~ P H#Q =i J=H nx Wq_ LO_#
( )
1) =^# |_\
2) ~ "# |_\
3) H+ |_\
4) " g H=
698. ` L^Q r` D |_\ QO
( )
1) =^# |_\
2) ~ "# |_\
3) ~ O_#
4) " g H=
699. ~H}
=Ou`Y K ^ q=#O H#Q nx QO
( )
1) =^# |_\
2) ~ "# |_\
3) ~ O_#
4) " g H=
700. ~K ~ J<k XH `èH
( )
1) ~}O
2) #
3) a_
4) J~^ ~=
701. Cess J<k U q^"# #
( )
1) ` H L^ O
2) |=u
3) J~^ ~= 4) " g H=
702. P^ ## OK JkH~O Hey#k
( )
1) H O^ Ò
2) ~R Ò
3) xH Ò 4) =xe\
703. J=H ## Uk qk O k?
( )
1) H O^ Ò
2) ~R Ò
3) xH Ò 4) =xe\
704. PH ## Uk = K#?
( )
1) H O^ Ò
2) ~R Ò
3) xH Ò 4) =xe\
705. H O^ J=H # ^xg^ = K~ ?
( )
1) H Oê` O` ==~
2) XH ~RO #Oz "~H ~RO# [iQ ==~O
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H^
706. PÔ # U ~HO # KOk#k
( )
1) ` H
2) ~H
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
694. 2
695. 3
696. 3
704. 3
705. 2
706. 1
z~Orq
697. 1
698. 2
699. 1
191
700. 2
701. 1
702. 1
703. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125
ECONOMY
707. XH =H # qkOz#_, P # ~x P =H i ^xx

1) ` H #
2) ~H #
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
708. D HOk"x Uk ` H #?
1) H~~\ #
2) |=u #
3) O^ #
4) = x
709. D HOk"x Uk ~H #?
1) P^ #
2) |=u #
3) J=H # 4) = x
710. PÔ iQHn # ~ @ iy` P #
1) ` H #
2) ~H #
3) ~Qq # 4) u~Qq #
711. MODVAT # ^x qkOK|_#?
1) J=H
2) Lù
3) q= K~
4) O
712. = x\ g^ qkOK #
1) Advalorem Tax (=Q`" # #)
2) xi+ # (Specific Tax)
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
713. = q= qkOK #
2) ` H #
1) Advalorem Tax (=Q`" # #)
3) 1 =i 2
4) " g H=
714. "Ò ~|_ - "Ò =O. nxH =#O
1) =^# @
2) ~|_ @
3) H@
4) |_@
s @
715. ~ "# ~|_ - ~ "# =O nxH =#O
1) ~ "# @
2) |_@
s @
3) ^=@
4) H@
716. =~\ ~} q#~Oz, ~|_ = #Oz "Ò =O f"
Q
1) ~|_ @
2) H @
3) =^# @ 4) |_@
s @
717. =^# = #Oz =^# =O f" # nxH =#O
1) ~|_ @
2) H @
3) =^# @ 4) |_@
s @
718. H q^#O nxx zOK#
1) ` qÒ
2) ^= JkH~O
3) =_ "~ 4) "}[ O
719. HOk "x Uk ` qÒ QO
1) ` =O
2) ` ~|_
3) ` ~}O 4) = x
707. 1
708. 4
709. 3
717. 3
718. 1
719. 4
z~Orq
710. 3
711. 3
712. 2
192
713. 1
714. 4
715. 1
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
716. 2
Cell: 9959513530,9490942125

File 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

File 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

^=O OHOQ ` q`O

2. "_ ~ (with Explanations) ............................ 09

Z...Z.. Q` ` x (172) ..........128

(APPSC Group-II) 2008

D =_O\ Ju^ P^~O =~\ ~}.

JO> =^# ~|_ 90% # =~\ ~} #OK =O k.

7. ~` ^O, ~ J`kH P^O nx #O_ aOK#.

~+ # ~|_ 65% Q J=H < . ~xH J=H # H=^#= =O\k.

3.z# "~ 4. "\ "xH H^.

"~ 1982 <~ O K|_Ok. ==, Qg}a=$kH O|OkOz Wk

APPSC (GROUP-II) EXAM

201112 |_\ u^# P^ # iqu ZO` =~ q#~O WK#.

200405 O=`~O #Oz HOk "x U O `~OQ OQ KiOk?

*a` 1x JO#, *a` 2 x JO` [` K O_.

2) a-I, b-III, c-II, d-IV

WiOQ + ~ ^=~t ÔÒ H~O "Ò ^= ~ x zOKk.

i[~ OH P WO_ H "^\ ~f Q=~~?

.~OQ~[< 12= PiH O O J^ _

2) a-II, b-I, c-IV, d-III

== # Wz ^xH |^Q H=# =~H == # O^_x = =i_ ^u ^ =

J<^O \< ^O '=<\ #Oz \Ok (~=< ^=` =<\ PO <}

= ^=O : ~OO == < ^=OQ L yOK"~. L^ : L`~ J"iH Q,

~y "^Q#q. ~OO x =^ Q#, H_ Q# L yOK#. `~ "` HO

^= =^} qxyOK == # |\ ^"x (A) ^=O, (B) Hy` ^=O Jx ~ O_

(Legal Tender Money) :

a) K@|^O Hx ^=O (SzH ^=O)

K@O " O O_ Wx |\ HxO\x ^=OQ JOwHiOK=K. nx< SzH ^=O JO\~.

g ^=O (Near Money) :

P=~ ^=O (Account Money) : [= Y~ H # U ^= x\ ~O ~~ P ^"x

~ u ^=O nxx O ^=O Jx _ JO\~. L^ O *sK K , _ , qx=

q= xk H# D qkH JkH ^#`# WK#. O^# ` L QxH HO_

"~^ KeO =}O "~ ==~ J~= ^u _ x~iOK_xH ^=O

<Q q^# OHOQ W ~.

^=O q=# |kb KO^ _ L Q_ #.

H<.. ^= q^# ^qH q^, Q} q^, J#+OyH q^

^=`x PkOK@ "^Q "\x J#+OyH q^ Q ==K.

^~ ~x, L`ux, qxQx, O}x q`O K q^ # K<`H q^ JO^~.

=Oz ^ " xH LO_=# H}

9. `eHQ QiOK@ (Congnisability)

O^ PiH"` ^= x~K<xH Oz` x~K#O W, zHQ G"` q $` J~x

~_ H Hq\ x~K#O nxx ^=` ^u JO^~. nx H~ h Jx ~H O _l@

1967-68 =~ XH ^= ~ H=<x H\ O K"~.

1968 `~ "` q+ ^= =#~ (AMR - Aggregate Monetary Resources) J< H=<x _

1977 #Oz RBI <Q ~H ^= ~ H=<# K iO k.

M1, M2, M3, M4

[ =^ Q H~ h { O =^ Q _=O_ _l@ { i[~O =^ Q W`~ _l@

J`kH ^=`O Hey# ^=O.

O^ ^= x~K#O M ^= H=#O XH>.

q ^= H=#O JO\~. nx< q+

zHQ PiH" ` ^= x~K#O, M ^= H=#O XH>.

=^ Q _l@# H H fx ^"x x~z M , M ^" =~.

^=`O Hey#k HQ,

=^ W`~ _l@ = Hl ` O _l@,

JHO\ <O|~ 2 qQ,

O|OkOz# Q}OH# i[~ OH `* ~K ^ . JO^=<

q ^=O (M ) Q" # Oz`" # ^=O (M ) "\ 1990-91 35% HQ 2006-07

1997 _II ". q.~_ J^ H` # xqOK|_# =iOQ Q ^= ~ J^ #O K 1998

Q ^ _l@ (M ), Q "`O _l@

H iqu Q Hiqu _l@

#`# M =^Q ^ _l\ q#~OK#. O=`~O Q H iqu

O=`~O HO> Z= H iqu Hey# H iqu _l@

Z) =^ Q ^ _l@#, "`O _l@# q#~OK_O [iyOk.

=iOQ Q #`#OQ =_ ~H ^=` =#~# " ># .

O H Hiqu _l@ { q` O *sK# _l\ i H \

a` 1x JO#, a` 2 x JO` [` K O_.