5 Op Amps

EE 188 Electrical Engineering I

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

Measuring Strain

Bending of material causes tiny

change in resistance of strain

gauge (DR) 4 strain gauges small change

in voltage amplified by op
amp circuit

http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/mechanical-testing/images/strain-gauge-full.jpg http://www.sensorland.com/Images/HowPic44-Strain%20Gauge.gif

Amplification
Goal: amplification = increase a signal attenuation = decrease a signal buffer = keep the signal the same

voltage

A
time

voltage voltage

input port

output port

B
time

time

amplifier

voltage

Match outputs to amplification, attenuation

or buffer

C
time

Voltage Transfer Characteristic

A = "gain" = increase in signal

=
vo is limited:

cannot go above V+ or below VA = 10,000, V+ = 20 V, V- = -20 V Plot vo vs. vp vn for 0 mV, 1 mV, 2 mV, 3 mV, -1 mV, -2 mV, -3 mV
vp - vn

vo

Operational Amplifiers
Good for amplification! Ideal op amp model (simple)
zero input current input voltages are the same

Easy to analyze Four basic amplifiers

Noninverting (1 input) Inverting (1 input) Summing Difference
C

What is similar about all the circuits? Match the name to the schematic.

Op Amp Schematic
Don't freak out!

Op amp details will be studied more in EE 280 and EE 380.

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/14.html
7

Terminal Names
Match terminal names to the symbol and to the package: inverting input (pin 2) noninverting input (pin 3) positive power supply (pin 7) negative power supply (pin 4) output (pin 6)

8 7 6 5
pin 1

pin 1
http://s3.amazonaws.com/magoo/ABAAAA7awAC-1.png http://www.mindkits.co.nz/images/products/sparkfun/09456-01-435.jpg http://www.gooddealchina.com/upimage/images/2011012276839905.JPG

1 2 3 4
8

Microphotograph, 1970s

100 mm

http://www.kuhmann.com/Kuhmann/MS48%204%20quads%20of%20a%204136-4202-4212%20Op%20Amp.jpg 9

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

10

Terminal Voltages and Currents

Match the name to the symbol:
A. current into the noninverting input B. inverting input voltage

C. output current
D. negative supply current E. noninverting input voltage

F. output voltage
G. positive supply voltage H. current into the inverting input

I. negative supply voltage

J. positive supply current
11

Ideal Op Amp Model 1

A=

which means that

vp = vn since

ip = in = 0 A

12

Ideal Op Amp Model 2

Other issues:

vo
limited by V+ and V determined by resistors in the

circuit (none shown here)

io can be anything Don't worry about ic+ and ic-

13

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

14

Inverting Amplifier 1
Resistor between output and the

inverting input terminal provides

"negative feedback"
A. Which resistor provides negative feedback? B. Ideal op amp model says vp = vn. Label this on the schematic. C. Ideal op amp model says ip = in = 0 A. Label this on the schematic. D. Write KCL at the inverting input terminal. E. Use Ohm's Law in the KCL equation. F. What is vo if vb = 0 V and va = 1 V? G. What is vo if vb = 2 V and va = 1 V?
15

Solving Op Amp Circuits

General strategy: 1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) 2. Write KCL at inverting and noninverting inputs nodes 3. Generally, solve for current through feedback resistor 4. Solve for voltage across feedback resistor (Ohm's Law)

5. Solve for output voltage (KVL)

6. Solve for output current (KCL)

16

Inverting Amplifier 2
va = 1 V A. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) B. Write KCL at inverting and noninverting input nodes C. Solve for current through feedback resistor D. Solve for voltage across feedback resistor (Ohm's Law) E. Solve for output voltage (KVL) F. 2 kW resistor is connected between the output and ground. Solve for output current (KCL)
va 16 kW i16 i80 80 kW 10 V

+
-15 V

+ vo -

17

Inverting Amplifier 3
i80 80 kW 10 V

A. What is the gain, A? B. What is vo for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? C. What is i16 for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? D. What is i80 for va = -0.6, -1.6, -2.4, 0.4, 2.0, 3.5 V? E. Specify the range of va to avoid amplifier saturation.
va 16 kW i16

+
-15 V

+ vo -

= =

18

vp
A. What is vp?

Inverting Amplifier 4

B. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) C. Write KCL at input nodes D. Find the current and voltage of feedback resistor E. Find the output voltage F. 2 kW resistor is connected between the output and ground. Solve for the output current.

vp

19

Inverting Amplifier Special Case

What is vo if
vs = -0.2 V Rf = 30 kW

Rs = 5 kW?

20

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

21

Summing Amplifier Introduction

audio mixer: adding waveforms (sounds) from different channels (vocals, instruments) together before sending the combined signal to a recorder thermometer: measuring temperature, add a negative offset to make the display read "0" at the freezing point

Describe this circuit:

A. How many inputs?

B. What are the input signals?

C. What is the feedback

resistor?
http://www.ecircuitcenter.com/circuits/opsum/opsum.htm 22

Summing-Amplifier Example 1
Find vo and io if va = 2 V, vb = 0.5 V, vc = -1 V, Rf = 20 kW

and Ra = Rb = Rc = 10 kW.
A. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) B. Write KCL at input nodes

C. Find current and voltage of feedback resistor

D. Find output voltage E. 2 kW resistor is connected

between the output and

ground. Solve for output current

http://www.ecircuitcenter.com/circuits/opsum/opsum.htm 23

Summing-Amplifier Example 2
Find vo and io.

1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn)

2. Write KCL at input nodes 3. Find current and voltage of feedback resistor

4. Find the output voltage

5. Find the output current

24

Summing Amplifier Special Case

= + +

25

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

26

Amplifier Comparison
Match name, schematic, and

vo

vp - vn

voltage transfer characteristic.

A. Inverting amplifier B. Noninverting amplifier
vp - vn

vo

27

Noninverting Amplifier Example 1

Find vo if vg = 1 V, Rf = 10 kW , Rg = 10 kW, and Rs = 2 kW.

1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn)

2. Write KCL at input nodes 3. Find current and voltage of feedback resistor

4. Find the output voltage

28

Noninverting Amplifier Example 2

Find vo using KCL at the input nodes.

29

Noninverting Amplifier Example 3

Find vo using superposition.

30

Noninverting Amplifier Special Case

+ =

or
= +

Rg is for stability and does not affect the value of vo.

31

Voltage Follower

Rf = 0 W A. What is vo for these values of vi? Pick two.

1V
2V 0V

-1 V
-2 V B. Describe the operation of

this circuit.
32

5. Op Amps
1. 2. 3. 4. Amplification Op Amp Terminals Terminal Voltage and Currents Useful Circuits
1. 2. 3. 4. Inverting-Amplifier Summing-Amplifier Noninverting-Amplifier Difference-Amplifier

33

Tricky Inputs
A. Find vp if vb = 2 V.

vp

B. Find vp if vb = 2 V.

vp

vp
C. Find vp.
0.1 mA 10 kW

34

Difference Amplifier Example 1

Find vo if va = 1 V and vb = 2 V.

1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn)

2. Write KCL at input nodes 3. Find current and voltage of feedback resistor

4. Find the output voltage

35

Difference Amplifier Special Case

Special case: =

then
=

Find vo if A. va = 1 V and vb = 2 V B. va = -1 V and vb = 1 V C. va = 0.5 V and vb = -0.5 V

36

Summary
General strategy to solve op amp circuits: 1. Apply ideal op amp model (ip = in = 0 A, vp = vn) 2. Write KCL at inverting and noninverting inputs nodes 3. Generally, solve for current through feedback resistor 4. Solve for voltage across feedback resistor (Ohm's Law)

5. Solve for output voltage (KVL)

6. Solve for output current (KCL) Special cases: inverting, noninverting summing, difference

37