d

e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
HkkLorh
izFkeks Hkkx%

,dkn'koxkZ; laLd`rL; ikB~;iqLrde~

(osQfUdikB~;e%)

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
iqjksoko~Q

o
n

2005 bZLoh;ka jkf"V;&ikBp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~ vuq'kaflra ;r~ Nk=kk.kka

fo|ky;thoua fo|ky;srjthousu lg ;kstuh;e~A flkUrks;a iqLrdh;&
KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% i`Fko~Q orZr]s ;L;k% izHkkokr~ vLekoaQ f'k{kkO;oLFkk
bnkuha ;kor~ fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L; p e;s vUrjkya iks"k;frA
jkf"V;ikBp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBe&ikBiqLrdkfu vL; ewyHkkoL;
O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oA iz;klsfLeu~ fo"k;k.kka e;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs%
fuokj.ka KkukFk jVuizo` ks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyra orZrAs vk'kkLegss
;r~ iz;klks;a 1986 bZZLoh;ka jkf"V;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'kaflrk;k%
ckyosQfUnzrf'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA
iz;RuL;kL; lkiQY;a fo|ky;kuka izkpk;kZ.kke~ v;kidkukp rs"kq
iz;kls"kq fuHkZja ;=k rs lokZufi Nk=kku~ LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZf;rqa]
dYiuk'khyf;k% fon/krqa] iz'uku~ iz"Vaq p izksRlkg;fUrA vLekfHk%
vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a ;r~ LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;a p ;fn nh;sr] rfgZ
f'k'ko% o;LoSQ% iznksu Kkusu la;qT; uwrua Kkua l`tfUrA ijh{kk;k%
vkkkj% fu/kZfjr&ikBiqLrdeso bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL; fofo/lkkukuka
ksrlka p vuknjL; dkj.ks"kq eq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kq ltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo` ks'p
vk/kua rnSo lEHkosr~ ;nk o;a rku~ f'k'kwu~ f'k{k.kizf;k;k% izfrHkkfxRosu
LohoqQ;kZe] u rq fu/kZfjrKkuL; xzkgdRosu ,oA
bekfu ms';kfu fo|ky;L; nSfuddk;Zes dk;ZirkS p
ifjorZueis{kUrsA ;Fkk nSfud≤&lkj.;ka ifjorZu'khyRoe~ visf{kra
rFkSo okf"kZddk;Zek.kka fuoZg.ks rRijrk vko';dh ;su f'k{k.kkFk fu;rs"kq
dkys"kq oLrqr% f'k{k.ka HkosrA~ f'k{k.kL; ewY;ku L; p fok;% Kkif;";fUr

iv

;r~ ikBiqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;h;&thous vkuUnkuqHkwR;Fk fd;r~

izHkkfo orZrs] u rq uhjlrk;k% lk/ue~A ikBp;kZHkkjL; funkuk;
ikBefuekZr`fHk% ckyeuksfoKkun`"Vk v;kiuk; miyC/&dkyn`"Vk
p fofHkUus"kq Lrjs"kq fo"k;KkuL; iqufuZ/kZj.ksu iz;Ruks fofgr%A iqLrdfena
Nk=kk.kka rs fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kq okrkZ;k%] dk;kZuqHkokfn&
xfrfokhuka p rs izkpq;sZ.k volja nnkfrA ikBiqLrdL;kL; fodklk;
fof'k"V;ksxnkuk; jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqlUkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~ Hkk"kkijke'kZnkr`lfers%
v;{kk.kka izk-s ukeojflagegksn;kuka] laLrikBiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka
izks- jk/koYyHkf=kikfBegkHkkxkuka] ikBiqLrdfuekZ.klfers% lnL;kukp
rs gkfnZoQha rKrka Kki;frA iqLrdL;kL; fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk%
vuqHkfou% f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkua roUr%] rs"kka laLFkkizeq[kku~ laLFkk'p
izfr /U;oknks O;kf;rsA
ikBiqLrdfodkles mUurLrjk; fujUrja iz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;a
iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka rs mi;qDrrja drq fo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% v;kidS'p
izsf"krkuka lRijke'kkZuka lnSo Lokxra fo/kL;frA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
uo nsgyh

o
n

".koqQekj%
funs'kd%
jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~

v;{k Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr & ukeoj lg

laLr ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
eq[; ijke'kZd & jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] v;{k] laLr foHkkx] gjhflag
xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxjA

eq[; leUo;d & jketUe 'kekZ] v;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-]

ubZ fnYyhA

leUo;d

& deykdkUr feJ] izksisQlj laLr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,ulh-bZ-vkj-Vh-A

lnL;

jktsUnz feJ] iwoZ oqQyifr] lEiw.kkZuUn laLo`Qr fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klhA

nhfIr f=kikBh] v;{k] laLr foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyhA

txnh'k lseoky] funs'kd] oh- oh- oh- vkbZ- ,l-] ,.M vkbZ- ,l- iatkc
fo'ofo|ky;] gksf'k;kjiqj] iatkcA
;ksxs oj nk 'kekZ] lsokfuo`k] jhMj laLr] fgUnw dkyst] fnYyh
fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyhA

lqjs'k pU 'kekZ] izkpk;Z] jktdh; ofj"B ek;fed cky fo|ky;] 'kfDr

uxj] fnYyhA
Nfo".k vk;Z] miiz/kukpk;Z] osQUnzh; fo|ky;] lsosQ.M f'kV] ,.Mwt
xat] ubZ fnYyhA

o
n

ljkst xqykVh] ih-th-Vh- laLr] oqQykph galjkt ekWMy LowQy] v'kksd

fogkj] isQt&III] fnYyhA

ih- ,u- >k] ih- th- Vh- laLr] jktdh; ofj"B ek;fed cky
fo|ky;] vkn'kZ uxj] fnYyhA
vfurk 'kekZ] ih- th- Vh- laLr] foosdkuUn ifCyd LowQy] vkuUn
fogkj] fnYyhA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vkHkkj

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqlakku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa]

f'k{kdksa ,oa foHkkxh; lnL;ksa osQ izfr rKrk Kkfir djrh gS ftUgksaus
bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa viuk lf; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ifj"kn~ izks- osQ'kopUnz nk'k] gks- uk- osVs'k 'kekZ (ekfLr osV's k
v;k j osQ lqCc..k osQ laLr vuqoknd) izHk`fr vk/qfud lkfgR;dkjksa
dh Hkh vkHkkjh gS ftudh fr;ksa ls izLrqr iqLrd esa ikB~; lkexzh
ladfyr dh xbZ gSA

iqLrd dh ;kstuk&fuekZ.k ls ysdj izdk'ku i;ZUr fofo/ dk;ks

esa ;Fkkle; lf; Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, laLr ikB~;iqLrd lfefr
osQ leUo;d o muosQ foHkkxh; lg;ksxh ".k pUnz f=kikBh] izokpd]
j.kftr csgsjk] izoDrk rFkk n;k'kadj frokjh] izkstsDV ,lksfl,V lk/qokn
osQ ik=k gSaA izdk'ku dk;Z esa lf; lg;ksx osQ fy, Hkk"kk foHkkx
dEI;wVj LVs'ku osQ bUpktZ ij'kjke dkSf'kd] foHkwfr ukFk >k] oqQ- o#.kk
feky] lrh'k >k (dkWih ,MhVj)] Jh jkt ey ;kno] oqQ- ehuk
(iziw Q jhMj) ,oa deys'k vk;kZ (Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj) /U;okn osQ ik=k gSAa

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
Hkwfedk

o
n

laLr fo'o dh izkphure Hkk"kk gS] ,slk ik'pkR; ,oa ikSjLR; lHkh
fo}ku~ ekurs gSAa LoxhZ; ckyxaxk/j fryd us Xosn dh eS=kk;.kh&lafgrk
esa of.kZr olUr&lEikr dh T;ksfr"kh; x.kuk dh vkSj ;g fl fd;k
fd bZlk ls yxHkx 6500 o"kZ iwoZ ,slh [kxksyh; fLFkfr jgh gksxhA
teZuh osQ iz[;kr T;ksfrfoZn~ gjeu tSdksch us Hkh 'kriFk czk.k
esa of.kZr fkdk u{k=kksa dh fLFkfr dk v;;u dj] mls bZlk ls 4500
o"kZ izkphu fl fd;k FkkA rqfoZQLrku esa fLFkr cksxktdksbZ Vhys dh
[kqnkbZ esa izkIr] oSfnd nsoksa (bUnz] fe=k] o#.k rFkk uklR;) osQ dhfyr
ukek{kj ls ;qkQ f'kyki dk v;;u dj psdksLykokfoQ;k osQ izkx
fo'ofo|ky; osQ egku~ iqjkrofon~ izks- kTuh us Hkh viuh fjiksVZ esa
;g er O;kQ fd;k Fkk fd bZlk ls izk;% nks gtkj o"kZ iwoZ ,f'k;k
ekbuj {ks=k esa oSfnd laLfr vkSj laLr Hkk"kk fo|eku FkhA
bl izdkj fryd] tSdksch rFkk izks- kTuh osQ izek.k fl djrs gSa
fd laLr Hkk"kk rFkk mldk ok~e; bZ-iw- NBh lglzkCnh dh lhekjs[kk
dk Li'kZ djrk gSA
laLr ok~e; dk fodkl osn] osnk] vk"kZdkO; (jkek;.k rFkk
egkHkkjr) iqjk.k rFkk vfHktkr&lkfgR; osQ e ls gqvk gSA blh osQ
lkFk ikfy rFkk izkr Hkk"kk, Hkh fodflr gksrh jgh gSaA bZlk dh izFke
'krh ls pkSFkh 'krh osQ e; laLr Hkk"kk lkglh ,oa LoIun'khZ
(egokdka{kh) Hkkjrh; jktoqQekjksa rFkk muosQ fu"Bkoku~ vekR;ksa ,oa
iqjksfgrksa osQ lkFk iz'kkUr egklkxjh; }hi&lewgksa esa Hkh igqph rFkk mu
}hiksa dh cksfy;ksa osQ lkFk lefUor gksdj mR"V lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk
cuhA lqo.kZ}hi (tkok rFkk ckyh)] pEik (fo;ruke)] dEcqt (dEcksfM;k)]
dVkg }hi (osQM~Mkg] eysf'k;k)] ';ke (FkkbZyS.M) rFkk lqo.kZHkwfe

viii

(E;kekj) vkfn }hiksa esa vkt Hkh laLr vFkok laLrcgqy mu }hiksa
dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vikj ewY;oku~ lkfgR; lqjf{kr feyrk gSA
oSfnd&lkfgR; lokZf/d izkphu ekuk tkrk gS tks eU=kkRed gSA ;s
eU=k eq[;r% rhu izdkj osQ gSa & d~] ;tq"k~ rFkk lkeu~A ftu eU=kksa esa
nsoLrqfr;k ladfyr gSa os d~ dgs tkrs gSaA bu pkvksa dk osn gh
Xosn dgk tkrk gSA bl osn esa 10 e.My 85 vuqoko~Q rFkk 10580
pk;sa gSaA ;K&;kx dh izf;k ftuesa crkbZ xbZ gS os eU=k ;tq"k~ dgs
tkrs gSa vkSj ;ktq"k~ eU=kksa dk laxzg ;tqosZn osQ uke ls fo[;kr gSA lke
dk vFkZ gS & nsorkvksa dks (laxhrkRed ek/qjh ls) izlUu djus okys
eU=k&lke;fr izh.k;fr nsoku~ bfr lke A bUgha lkeeU=kksa dk laxgz
lkeosn gSA
dkykUrj esa egf"kZ vFkokZ ,oa vafxjk us ,sls vof'k"V eU=kksa dk
Hkh ,d i`Fko~Q ladyu rS;kj fd;k ftuesa vusd yksdksi;ksxh fo"k;ksa dk
izfriknu Fkk tSls&HkS"kT;] fo"kkigkj] iz'kklu] vkfHkpkfjd deZ vkfnA
;g osn vius ladyf;rk osQ gh uke ij vFkoZosn] vkFkoZ.k&lafgrk
vFkok vFkokZfjl lafgrk osQ uke ls fo[;kr gqvkA
bl izdkj osn dks ^=k;h* vFkok osnprq"V;h osQ :i esa izflf
izkIr gSA osnksa dh Hkk"kk vR;Ur jgL;e; gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fofHkUu
lEiznk;ksa rFkk n`f"V;ksa okys vkpk;ks us osneU=kksa dk LokHkh"V vFkZ fd;k
gSA ;fn vkpk;Z lk;.k dh n`f"V bfrgklijd gS rks Lokeh n;kuUn dh
bfrgklkHkkokRedA blh izdkj oqQN vkpk;Z uS#kQ n`f"V osQ iks"kd gSa rks
oqQN izrhdkRed n`f"V osQA
tks Hkh gks] ijUrq blesa dksbZ la'k; ugha fd osn leLr fo|kvksa dk
ewyksr gSA izR;{k ,oa vuqeku izek.kksa ls Hkh dFkefi fl u gksus okys
rF;ksa dh Hkh flf osn ls gh laHko gS&
izR;{ks.kkuqfeR;k ok ;Lrwik;ks u cq;rsA
,ua fonfUr osnsu rLekn~ osnL; osnrkAA
oSfnd dfork dk Loj fo'oeaxykRed gSA lkaeuL;lwDr esa
vR;Ur ljl yksdrkaf=kd Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA f"k ;g

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

ix

ladYi O;kQ djrk gS fd ge ,d lkFk pysa] ,d tSlh ok.kh cksyas]

,d tSlk fpUru djsa!
lPNoa laonoa la oks eukafl tkurke~A
nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrsAA
oSfnd f"k leLr bfUnz;ksa dh v{kr lkeF;Z osQ lkFk lkS o"kZ
thus dh vkdka{kk O;Dr djrk gS rFkk nsorkvksa ls izkFkZuk djrk gS fd
os mlosQ vk;q"; dks e;ekxZ esa gh [kf.Mr u djsaA
'krfeUuq 'kjnks vfUr nsok
;=kk u'pk tjla ruwuke~A
iq=kklks ;=k firjks HkofUr
ek uks e;k jhfj"kr vk;qxZUrks%AA
blh izdkj vHk;lwkQ essa gesa lEiw.kZ lalkj ls fuHkZ; jgus dk
lans'k fn;k x;k gSA lkjs lalkj dks Lo;a ls Hkh fuHkZ; jgus dh
vk'ofLr] osneU=kksa esa ckj&ckj nqgjkbZ x;h gSA ;g dgk x;k gS fd ge
fe=k dh n`f"V ls lEiw.kZ fo'o dks ns[ksa&
^^fe=kL; p{kq"kk leh{kkegsA**
osneU=kksa esa fo'ocU/qRo dh Hkkouk ij cy fn;k x;k gS rFkk
vusdrk esa Hkh ,drk LFkkfir dh x;h gSA lEiw.kZ fo'o dks gh vk;Z
cukus (laLdkjlEiUu cukus) dk n`<+ ladYi O;kQ fd;k x;k gSA
oLrqr% oSfnd dfork dk iQyd vR;Ur foLr`r gSA mlesa izfr osQ
u;ukfHkjke n`';] ltho fcEc;kstuk;s]a dkSVfq Ecd lq[kksYykl] lkekftd
mRlo rFkk jk"Vh; ;ksx&{kse lc oqQN ;Fkkolj] ;Fkkizlax of.kZr fd;k
x;k gSA
ijorhZ ;qx esa LorU=k :i ls fodflr gksus okys leLr n'kZu ,oa
'kkL=k osneU=kksa osQ gh xHkZ ls vaoqQfjr nh[krs gSaA ,d vksj nsoklqj&laxzke
osQ egkuk;d bUnz osQ vlqj&fojks/h j.kkfHk;kuksa esa izfrj{kkfoKku dk
lw{e fp=k.k feyrk gS rks nwljh vksj lw;kZ&lkse osQ fookg&izlax esa
fookg&laLdkj dk euksje fp=k.kA |wrdjlwkQ esa ;fn oSfnd;qx dh

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

tuoknh psruk dk lkiQ&lqFkjk o.kZu gS rks okd~lw kQ ,oa f'koladYilwkQ

esa vk;kfRed psrukvksa dk fp=k.kA
vFkoZosn dk i`FohlwkQ] bl lUnHkZ esa fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gS ftlesa
jk"Vnsork dh vo/kj.kk osQ n'kZu gksrs gSaA laHkor% lEiw.kZ fo'ook~e;
esa ;g izkphure lUnHkZ gS ftlesa Hkwfe dks okRlY;e;h tuuh osQ :i
esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gS&
^ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kksga i`fFkO;k%A*
osnksa dk ok~e; fo'kky gSA egkHkk";dkj iratfy (bZ- iw- nwljh
'krh) us vius egkHkk"; esa Xosn dh 21] ;tqosZn dh 101] lkeosn
dh 1000 rFkk vFkoZosn dh 9 'kk[kkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k] tks
lEHkor% ml ;qx esa miyC/ FkhaA muosQ thoudky esa rks xko&xko esa
dkBd ,oa dkykid 'kk[kk;sa i<+kbZ tkrh Fkha (xzkes&xzkes dkBoaQ
dkykida izksP;rs) ijUrq dky osQ wj izokg rFkk fons'kh vke.kksa us
Kku&foKku dh ml foiqy jkf'k dks fou"V dj fn;kA ifj.kkeLo:i
vkt ek=k 21 osn 'kk[kk;sa gh miyC/ gksrh gSaA
osnksa osQ vuUrj vk"kZdkO;ksa& jkek;.k ,oa egkHkkjr dk e vkrk
gSA jkek;.k osQ vkfn iz.ksrk egf"kZ okYehfd gSa ftUgsa Hkkjrh; ijEijk
dFkkuk;d jke dk lelkef;d Lohdkj djrh gSA ikSjkf.kd lk{;ksa osQ
vuqlkj dFkkuk;d jke orZeku eUoUrj osQ 24osa =ksrk ,oa }kij ;qxksa dh
lfU/osyk esa mRiUu gq, FksA os v;ks;k ujs'k n'kjFk osQ iq=k] jktf"kZ
fonsg tud osQ tkekrk rFkk Hkwfeiq=kh lhrk osQ ifr FksA mUgas e;kZnk
iq#"kkske dgk x;k gS D;ksafd muosQ pfj=k esa leLr lkekftd lEcUkksa
dh vfUofr ,oa pfjrkFkZrk ifjiw.kZ e;kZnk osQ lkFk nh[krh gSA
jkek;.k esa oqQy N% dk.M rFkk 24000 'yksd gSaA lkrok
mkjdk.M] dFkk dh ,drk dh n`f"V ls fo ak`[kfyr&lk gS] vr,o
izf{kIr Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA jkek;.k esa incU/ dh etqyrk osQ lkFk
vfHktkr laLr dfork dk vusdfo/ lkfgfR;d lkSUn;Z fn[kk;h iM+rk
gSA bl dkO; esa iz;qkQ Hkk"kk lkyadkj rks gS ijUrq vyadkjksa osQ nqoZg Hkkj
ls cksf>y ugha gSA Hkk"kk esa Hkkolaosnuk dh xgjkbZ ns[krs gh curh gSA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xi

ykfyek ls vksrizkrs lU;k rFkk izdk'keku fnol ijLij vkeus&lkeus

gSa (uk;d&ukf;dk dh rjg) ijUrq fo/krk dh xfr dk D;k dguk\
nksuksa fiQj Hkh fey ugha ikrs! fnu osQ tkus osQ ckn gh lU;k mrj ikrh
gS! bl izkfrd n`'; osQ lgkjs uk;d&ukf;dk osQ iw.kZlEHko feyu dks
Hkh fof?ur fn[kk dj dfo HkforO;rk dk izkcY; vR;Ur vkyadkfjd
<ax ls fl djrk gSA
vuqjkxorh lU;k fnolLrRiqjLlj%A
vgks nSoxfr% dhn`o~Q rFkkfi u lekxe%AA
izkph fn'kk esa mfnr gksrs pUnz dk o.kZu rks vius ltho fcEcksa osQ
dkj.k vR;Ur deuh; izrhr gksrk gS &
galks ;Fkk jktritjLFk%
flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%A
ohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQtjLFk&
'pUnzksfi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA
jkedFkk&uk;d jke dk pfj=k vius vuqdj.kh; vkn'kks osQ
dkj.k lEiw.kZ fo'o esa O;kIr gks x;kA jke ekr`fir`HkDr] cU/qfu"B]
'kj.kkxroRly] lR;oko~Q] egkohj] vkrZj{kd] /eZikyd] rlR; osQ
j{kd] nq"Vlagkjd rFkk lokZuqxzgh egkekuo gSaA muosQ bl yksdoU| :i
dks lSdM+ksa Hkkjrh; ,oa fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa osQ dfo;ksa us iwjh fu"Bk osQ lkFk
of.kZr fd;kA Jhyadk esa jkeosQfk] FkkbZyS.M esa jkefd;su] ykvksl esa
iQkW ykWd&iQkW ykWe~ (fiz; y{e.k fiz; jke)] eysf'k;k esa fgdk;r
egkjktk jke rFkk tkok&ckyh esa jkek;.kddfou~ osQ uke ls jkedFkk
dh jpuk gqbZ tks vkt Hkh mu }hiksa dh /kfeZd] lkekftd ,oa
vk;kfRed psruk dk ewyk/kj gSA
egkHkkjr Hkxoku~ ".k}Sik;u O;kl dh fr gS tks osnlafgrk osQ
f=k/k O;oLFkkid ,oa iqjk.kksa osQ Hkh jpukdkj ekus tkrs gSaA lkS y?kqioks
rFkk 18 cM+s ioks esa foHkkQ izk;% y{k 'yksdkRed ;g fo'kkyxzUFk
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk izkekf.kd ksr rks gS gh] /eZ] n'kZu] v;kRe]

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xii

Hkwxksy] [kxksy] T;kSfr"k] rU=k] xf.kr] 'kkfygks=k] xtfo|k] vkys[;]

jRufoKku] 'koqQufoKku rFkk leLr yksdijEijkvksa dh O;k[;k djus
okyk izkekf.kd nLrkost Hkh gSA blhfy;s egkHkkjr dh iz'kalk esa dgk
x;k gS&
^;fngkfLr rnU;=k ;UusgkfLr u rRDofpr~A*
vFkkZr~ tks fo"k; bl xzUFk esa of.kZr gS ogh vU;=k Hkh gSA ijUrq
tks ;gk of.kZr ugha gS og vU;=k dgha Hkh ugha gSA
egkHkkjr esa dkSjoksa rFkk ik.Moksa] tks ewyr% ,d gh firk dh
lUrku Fks] osQ /eZ;q dk o.kZu gS ftlesa ek=k 18 fnuksa osQ egklaxzke
esa 18 v{kkSfg.kh lsuk u"V gks xbZA bl Hkh"k.k ;q osQ ckn lEiw.kZ
kfj=kh ohjksa ls fjDr&lh gks xbZA ijUrq Hkxoku~ Jh".k dh fu"i{k
e;LFkrk osQ ckotwn] dkSjoizeq[k nq;ksZ/u osQ gB rFkk jktk k`rjk"V osQ
foosdghu iq=keksg osQ dkj.k] ;g egkfouk'k Vy ugha ldkA
egkHkkjr osQoy ;q dh gh dFkk ugha gS izR;qr vusd fo|k'kk[kkvksa
dk ewy mn~xe Hkh gSA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] Hkh"eLrojkt rFkk fo".kqlguke
tSls ijyksdflf&izo.k xzUFkjRu Hkh egkHkkjr osQ gh va'k gSaA /eZ osQ
'kk'or ,oa fpjUru :i osQ lkFk gh lkFk ;qx/eZ ,oa vkin~/eZ dk Hkh
vn~Hkqr fp=k.k egkHkkjr esa gqvk gSA ;qx/eZ vFkok vkin~/eZ dk ,d
lUnHkZ gS&
;fLeu~ ;Fkk orZrs ;ks euq"; &
LrfLeaLrFkk ofrZrO;a l /eZ%A
ek;kpkjh ek;;k ofrZrO;%
lkokpkjLlk/quk izR;qis;%AA
iqu'p
u ueZ;qDra opua fgufLr
u L=kh"kqq jktu~ u fookgdkysA
izk.kkR;;s loZ/ukigkjs
ipke``rkU;kgqjikrdkfuAA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xiii

lPps if.Mr dh izKk ij egkHkkjr esa bl izdkj izdk'k Mkyk

x;k gS&
'kksdLFkku lgkf.k Hk;LFkku'krkfu pA
fnols fnols ew<ekfo'kfUr u if.Mre~AA
vk"kZdkO;ksa osQ lkFk gh lkFk ikSjkf.kd ok~e; dh Hkh izfr"Bk gqbZA
Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa jkek;.k vkfndkO; gS rks egkHkkjr bfrgkl rFkk
iqjk.k /eZxzUFkA iqjk.kksa osQ ikB ls /eZflf ekuh tkrh gS D;ksafd buesa
,sfrg~;&ro xkS.k rFkk /eZro iz/ku gSA oLrqr% iqjk.kksa dh jpuk dk
ewy ms'; Fkk osneU=kksa osQ xw<kfrxw< vfHkizk;ksa dh mik[;kukfn osQ
ek;e ls mins'kijd O;k[;k djuk&
bfrgkliqjk.kkH;ka osna leqic`ag;sr~A
fcHksR;YiJqrkn~osnks eke;a izgfj";frAA
iqjk.kksa dh la[;k 18 gS&eRL;] ekoZQ.Ms;] Hkkxor Hkfo";] czk.M]
cz] czoSorZ] okeu] okjkg] ok;q] fo".kq] vfXu] ukjn] i] fy]
x#M] owQeZ rFkk LdUniqjk.kA fuEu'yksd ls bu egkiqjk.kksa dk lkaosQfrd
ifjp; fey tkrk gS &
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=k;a oprq"V;e~A
vukifYyowQLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsAA
iqjk.kksa esa Hkkjr jk"V dh v[k.Mrk vkSj ,drk dk fu:i.k cgqr
izHkko'kkyh :i esa ckj&ckj fd;k x;k gS rFkk Hkkjr dh lUrfr;ksa esa
,drk dk lUns'k fn;k x;k gSA oqQN mnkgj.k ns[ksa&
mkja ;RleqnzL; fgeknzs'pSo nf{k.ke~A
o"k rn~ Hkkjra uke Hkkjrh ;=k lUrfr%AA (fo".kqiqjk.k 2@3@1)
leqnz ls tks mkjfn'kk esa gS vkSj fgeky; ls nf{k.kfn'kk esa gS] ml
ns'k dk uke Hkkjr gS_ vkSj ogk osQ yksxksa dks Hkkjrh (Hkkjrh;) dgrs gSAa
vkfi Hkkjra Js"Ba tEcw}his egkequsA
;rksfg deZHkwjs"kk rrksU;k HkksxHkwe;%AA (fo".kqiqjk.k 2@3@22)

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xiv

gs egkequs! bl (loZJs"B) tEcw}hi esa Hkh Hkkjro"kZ loZJs"B gSA

D;ksafd ;g deZHkwfe gSA blosQ vfrfjDr lHkh (ns'k) Hkksx&Hkwfe;k gSaA
xk;fUr nsok% fdy xhrdkfu
/U;kLrq rs HkkjrHkwfeHkkxsA
LoxkZioxkZLinekxZHkwrs
HkofUr Hkw;% iq#"kk% lqjRokr~AA
(fo".kqiqjk.k 2@3@24)
;g lp gS fd nsork (bl vk'k; osQ) xhr xk;k djrs gSa fd os
HkkX;'kkyh gSa tks LoxZ vkSj eks{k dk ekxZ cus gq, Hkkjrns'k esa] vius
nsoRo dh lekfIr ij iqu% euq"; cudj tUe ysrs gSaA
ikSjkf.kd dfork dk lkfgfR;d lkSUn;Z foy{k.k gSA Hkkxor iqjk.k
dk os.kqxhr] xksihxhr] Hkzejxhr] ,syxhr] #nzxhr vkfn lUnHkZ rks
mR"V dkO; osQ mnkgj.k gSaA ".k osQ fojg esa lUrIr mudh
jktefgf"k;ksa dh oqQjjh i{kh osQ izfr vfHkO;Dr] ;g vU;kins'kijd
mfDr yfyr vfHktkr dfork dk :i izLrqr djrh gS&
oqQjfj foyifl] Roa ohrfunzk u 'ks"ks
Lofifr txfr jk=;ke'ojks xqIrcks/%A
o;feo lf[k! fdfpn~xk<fufHkZUupsrk
ufyuu;ugklksnkjyhysf{krsuAA
(Hkkxor- 20-90-15)
Jhen~Hkkxor Hkkjrh; n'kZu dh yfyr dkO;kRed vfHkO;fDr dh
n`f"V ls Hkh vuqie gSA gekjs f"k;ksa dh ok.kh esa lkekftd lerk vkSj
leku forj.k dh O;oLFkk dk flkUr Hkh ;gk bl izdkj O;Dr gqvk gS&
;kon~ fHkz;sr tBja rkor~ LoRoa fg nsfguke~A
vf/oaQ ;ksfHkeU;sr lLrsuks n.MegZfrAA
oLrqr% jkek;.k&egkHkkjr (vk"kZdkO;) rFkk iqjk.kksa dh Hkk"kk
oSfndHkk"kk ,oa yksdHkk"kk (ikf.kuh; laLr) osQ e;orhZ lfU/&
dky dh lwpd gSA osnHkk"kk dh jgL;e;rk] cg~oFkZdrk rFkk :ikRed
f'kfFkyrkvksa us r|qxhu oS;kdj.kksa dks Hkk"kk:i fLFkj djus dh izsj.kk

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xv

nhA vkfi'kfy] dk'kRLu] Hkkxqfj] LiQksVk;u rFkk 'kkdY;kfn vusd

egf"kZ bl dk;Z esa yxs Fks ijUrq Hkk"kkifjektZu dk ;g y{; iw.kZ gqvk
egf"kZ ikf.fu (bZ- iw- lkroha 'krh) dh v"Vk;k;h dh jpuk osQ lkFkA
ek=k pkj gtkj lw=kksa esa ikf.kfu us fo'o dh fo'kkyre Hkk"kk dk Lo:i
lnk osQ fy, fLFkj dj fn;kA bl ubZ Hkk"kk dks fo}kuksa us laLr dgkA
vkpk;Z n.Mh us Hkh blh uke dh iqf"V dh&
laLra uke nSoh okxUok[;krk egf"kZfHk%A
egf"kZ ikf.kfu Lo;eso mn~HkV oS;kdj.k gksus osQ lkFk gh lkFk
jlfl dfo Hkh FksA mUgksaus tkEcorhfot; uked yfyr egkdkO;
dk iz.k;u fd;k ftlls vusd m`r i| xzUFkksa es ;=k&r=k feyrs gSaA
o"kkZ dk rks foy{k.k o.kZu djrs gSa ikf.kfu! dkyh jkr ".kk xk; gS
vkSj pUnzek mldk cNM+k] tks cknyksa osQ ou esa dgha [kks x;k gSA cPps
dks u ns[k ikus osQ dkj.k oRlyk xk; ?kuxtZu osQ cgkus jHkk&jHkk dj
mls cqyk jgh gSA
xrs/Zjk=kss ifjeUneUna
xtZfUr ;Rizko`f"k dkyes?kk%A
vi';rh oRlfeosUnqfcEca
rPNcZjh xkSfjo gq jksfrAA
oj#fp (dkR;k;u) v"Vk;k;h osQ okfrZddkj gSa ftudk le;
bZ- iw- pkSFkh 'krh gSAS rRiz.khr LoxkZjZ ksg.k rFkk O;kfM&iz.khr y{k'yksdkRed
laxzgxzUFk dk mYys[k Hkh ikrty egkHkk"; esa gSA oklonkk] HkSejFkh
rFkk lqeukskjk uked o`Qfr;ksa dk Hkh mYys[k egf"kZ irtfy djrs gSaA
bl izdkj ykSfdd laLr dfork dh ,d vfofPNUu ijEijk gesa
ekS;;Z qx rd fodflr nh[krh gSA
blosQ vuUrj gh vfHktkr&laLr ok~e; (Classical Sanskrit
Literature) dk vH;qn;&dky vkrk gS ftlosQ izorZd uk;d eq[;r%
dfooqQyxq# dkfynkl gSaA oLrqr% dkfynkl iz.khr ok~e; gh ijorhZ
laLr dkO;'kkL=k (Sanskrit Rhetorics) dh ltZuk dk ewyk/kj

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xvi

cukA dkO;'kkfL=k;ksa us cU/ vFkok jpuk dh n`f"V ls lkfgR; dks f=kkk

O;ofLFkr fd;k i|] x| rFkk feJ vFkok pEiwdkO;!
dkO;kuUn dh xzkrk osQ vk/kj ij Hkh lkfgR; dks nks :iksa esa
O;ofLFkr fd;k x;k&JO;dkO; ,oa n`';dkO;A i|] x| rFkk pEiw
vkfn JO;dkO; osQ vUrxZr vkrs gSa D;kasfd mudk vkuUn eq[;r%
Jo.ksfUnz;&xzk gksrk gSA nl izdkj osQ :id rFkk 18 izdkj osQ
mi:id] ftls vfHkus;] :i vFkok :id Hkh dgrs gSa&n`'; osQ
vUrxZr vkrs gSa D;kasfd budk vkuUn eq[;r% n'kZusfUnz; (us=k) xzk
gksrk gSA :id nl izdkj osQ gksrs gSa &
ukVdeFk izdj.ka Hkk.kO;k;ksxleodkjfMek%A
bZgke`xkohF;% izglufefr :idkf.k n'kAA
lefUor :i ls fopkj djus ij dkfynklkskj laLr&lkfgR;
pkj izeq[k :iksa esa foHkDr nh[krk gS &
1- i| dkO; (egkdkO;] [k.MdkO; vkfn)
2- x| dkO; (dFkk ,oa vk[;kf;dk vkfn)
3- pEiw dkO; (x|&i|fefJr fr;k)
4- n'k:id (lEiw.kZ ukV~;ok~e;)
dkfynkl;qx (bZ- iw- izFke 'krh) ls ysdj if.Mrjkt txUukFk
(17 oha 'krh bZ-) rd] vFkok ;g dgk tk; fd rc ls vkt rd laLr
lkfgR; dh pkjksa /kjk;sa vfofPN xfr ls fodflr gksrh jgh gSAa
i|ok~e; esa eq[;r%] eqkQd&;qXed&lUnkfurd&dykid ,oa
oqQyd osQ vuUrj] egkdkO;&[k.MdkO; vkrs gSaA dkfynkl dks
lqoqQekjekxhZ dfo ekuk x;k gSA bl 'kSyh dh dfork esa Hkko&laosnuk
dh iz/kurk rFkk Hkk"kk&lTtk dh xkS.krk jgrh gSA dkfynkl bl dyk
esa fu".kkr dfo gSaA mUgkasus O;tuko`fk osQ lgkjs vYikYi 'kCnksa ls
foiqy vFkZ dk izdk'ku fd;k gSA bl izdkj dh dfork vR;Ur
eeZLi'khZ gksrh gSA ,d mnkgj.k nz"VO; gS&
jE;kf.k oh{; e/qjka'p fu'kE; 'kCnku~
i;ZqRlqdhHkofr ;Rlqf[krksfi tUrq%A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xvii

rPpsrlk Lejfr uwuecks/iwo

HkkofLFkjkf.k tuukUrjlkSnkfuAA
bl dfork esa dfo us euq"; osQ eu dh vR;Ur lw{e euksoKS kfud
O;k[;k dh gSA oSHko&mYykl osQ okrkoj.k esa vkneh dk cq>k&cq>k&lk
jguk] nq%[koknh cuk jguk fu'p; gh mlosQ iwoZtUe osQ fulxZ dks
?kksf"kr djrk gSA
dkfynkl us nks egkdkO; oqQekjlEHkoe~ rFkk j?kqoa'ke~] rhu
ukVd&ekyfodkfXufe=ke~] foeksoZ'kh;e~] vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ rFkk nks
[k.MdkO;&rqlagkje~ ,oa es?knwre~ dk iz.k;u fd;kA dkfynkl;qxhu
vU; dfo;ksa esa izeq[k gSa& v'o?kks"k] vfHkuUn] oqQekjnkl] Hkr`Zes.B]
ekr`nk vkfnA
NBh 'krh bZ- esa fo|eku egkdfo Hkkjfo osQ lkFk vyadkjekxhZ
laLrdfork dk izkjaHk gqvk ftldk mss'; Fkk vyadkjksa ,oa fp=kcUkksa
}kjkA dkO; osQ Hkk"kki{k dk ;FkklaHko iks"k.k jkek;.k] egkHkkjr rFkk
iqjk.kksa osQ vR;Ur laf{kIr dFkklw=kksa dks ysdj] dykRed foLrkj osQ
lkFk fo'kky egkdkO;ksa dh ltZuk dk nkSj izkjaHk gqvkA Hkkjfo&iz.khr
fdjkrtquZ h;e~] ek?k&iz.khr f'k'kqikyo/e~] jRukdjr gjfot;e~] Jhg"kZr
uS"k/h;pfjre~] dfojktr jk?koik.Moh;e~ vkfn fr;k vyadkjekxhZ
dkO;'kSyh ls gh tqM+h gSaA
x|jpuk esa dFkk ,oa vk[;kf;dk dks fo'ks"k dhfrZ feyhA dFkk
dYiukfJr gksrh gS rFkk vk[;kf;dk bfrgklkfJrA n.Mhr
n'koqQekjpfjre~ rFkk vofUrlqUnjhdFkk] lqcU/qiz.khr oklonkk]
ck.kHkiz.khr dknEcjh] /uikyiz.khr frydeatjh] lksM~<yr
mn;lqUnjhdFkk laLr dh x|kRed dFkkfr;k gSAa blh izdkj ck.kHkr
g"kZpfjre~] okeuHkck.kr oseHkwikypfjre~ rFkk vfEcdknkO;klr
f'kojktfot;e~ izeq[k vk[;kf;dk;sa gSaA dFkkfr;ksa esa dfo;ksa us vius
;qx osQ lekt dks cM+h bZekunkjh osQ lkFk izfrfcfEcr fd;k gSA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xviii

ck.kHk bu x|dkjksa esa f'kjksjRu gSaA mUgksaus vfHkizk;ksa dh uwrurk]

mR"V i|cU/ dk vknku] dksey'ys"k] LiqQV jlizrhfr rFkk funksZ"k
incU/ (Hkk"kk) dks ghs viuh x|'kSyh dk vkn'kZ fuf'pr fd;k&
uoksFkksZ tkfrjxzkE;k 'ys"kksfDy"V% LiqQVks jl%A
fodVk{kjcU/'p RLuesd=k nq"dje~AA
bu vkn'kks osQ ikyu ls ck.k us vizfre x| dh jpuk dh ftlosQ
dkj.k mUgsa v{k; dhfrZ feyh & ck.kksfPN"Va txRloZe~A
i| ,oa x| osQ vuUrj ukV~;ok~e; dk e vkrk gSA oLrqr%
lewph dkO;ijEijk esa ukV~; dks fof'k"V ekuk x;k &
dkO;s"kq ukVda jE;e~A
ukV~; vFkok ukVd dh jE;rk dk dkj.k gS mlosQ }kjk nks&nks
bfUnz;ksa (Jo.ksfUnz; ,oa n'kZusfUnz;) dk ;qxir~ vklspuA ukVd esa ;g
dk;Z laHko gksrk gS vfHku; osQ ek;e lsA dkfynkl dh ukV~;fr;k
laLr ukV~;ok~e; dk loZLo gSaA fo'ks"kr% mudh vej ukV~;o`Qfr
vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~! ik=kksa osQ pfj=kfp=k.k] e;kZnk fuoZg.k (Poetic
Justice) ukVdh;&eksMk+ s dh l`f"V] (Poetic Situations) esa dkfynkl
vizfre gSaA mudh ukV~;Hkk"kk Hkh ek/q;Z] izlkn rFkk ykfyR; xq.kksa ls
lEiUu gSA
dkfynkl osQ ckn v'o?kks"k] fo'kk[knk] fn~ukx] Hkukjk;.k]
HkoHkwfr] g"kZ vkfn dk uke laLo`Qr ukV~;lkfgR; esa mYys[kuh; gSA
buesa HkoHkwfr dk uke lokZf/d izfl gSA mUgksaus rhu ukVdksa dh jpuk
dh gS& ekyrhek/o] egkohjpfjr vkSj mkjjkepfjrA buesa mkjjkepfjr
loZJs"B gSA ;g okYehfd jkek;.k osQ mkjdk.M dh dFkk ij vk/kfjr
gSA blesa d#.k jl dh vR;Ur lqanj ,oa ekfeZd fu"ifk ns[kus ;ksX;
gSA HkoHkwfr esa ;|fi dkfynkl dh&lh ljyrk vkSj lgtrk ugha gS
fiQj Hkh ukV~;lkfgR; esa mUgsa dkfynkl osQ leku gh lEeku feyrk gSA
vkn'kZ oSokfgd thou osQ fp=k.k esa HkoHkwfr ikjaxr gSaA jke vkSj lhrk
osQ dksey ,oa ifo=k izse dk fp=k.k Hkh mkjjkepfjr dh fof'k"Vrk gSA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xix

laLr ukVdksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk mudk lq[kkar gksuk gSA lEiw.kZ

ukVd esa ;|fi lq[k vkSj nq%[k dk lfEeJ.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS] rks Hkh
mldk var lq[kkar gh gksrk gSA lq[k osQ miiknu osQ fy, gh ukVd esa
nq%[k dk fu"iknu gksrk gSA blosQ ihNs Hkkjrh; fparu gh eq[; gSA
izkphu Hkkjr osQ fuoklh vk'kkoknh FksA muosQ vuqlkj thou esa nq%[k
dh ifj.kfr lnSo lq[k vkSj ijekuan esa gksrh gSA
laLo`Qr ukVdksa esa laokn osQ fy, izk;% x| dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gS
ijarq jkspdrk] izfro.kZu] uhfrf'k{kk vkfn osQ fy, i| osQ iz;ksx dks
egRo fn;k tkrk gSA laLo`Qr osQ lkFk&lkFk izkr Hkk"kkvksa dk iz;ksx Hkh
laLr ukVdksa esa feyrk gSA lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k laLo`Qr le>rs rks gSa
drq vius&vius lkekftd Lrj osQ vuq:i laLo`Qr ;k izko`Qr cksyrs
gSaA uk;d osQ fe=k osQ :i esa fonw"kd dh dYiuk laLo`Qr ukVdksa dh
,d mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk gSA bu ukVdksa esa vfHku; lacakh laosQr]
;Fkk&izdk'ke~] Loxre~] tukfUrde~] ljks"ke~] fogL; bR;kfn lw{erk
osQ lkFk fn, tkrs gSaA euksjatu osQ lkFk&lkFk uSfrdrk vkSj mPp
vkn'kks dk tuekul esa lapkj djuk Hkh laLo`Qr&ukVdksa dk ,d y{;
gSA ykSfdd vkSj vykSfdd lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k buesa gksrs gSAa izoQ` fr&o.kZu
laLo`Qr&ukVdksa dh ,d cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
izLrqr ladyu dh i`"BHkwfe

o
n

laLo`Qr osQ vf[ky Hkkjrh; ego dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd
vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ osQ roko/ku esa ofj"B ek;fed Lrj
ij osQfUnzd ikBozQe osQ vUrxZr oSdfYid fo"k; osQ :i esa laLo`Qr
i<+us okys Nk=kksa osQ fy, izLrqr ladyu dk laiknu fd;k x;k gSA
fo|ky;h; f'k{kk osQ fy, fnYyh fLFkr ^jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqlUkku
vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~* (,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh) }kjk vk;ksftr laxks"Bh esa
mifLFkr v;kidksa ,oa fo'ks"kK fo}kuksa }kjk leosr :i ls jk"Vh;
ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk&2005 ij xgu fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;kA bu

xx

y{;ksa esa lokZf/d egoiw.kZ gS&HkkjeqDr f'k{kkA fo}kuksa dk vuqHko gS

fd ikB~;xzUFkksa osQ nq:g Hkkj ls cksf>y Nk=k] ,d fcUnq ij igqp dj
ikB~;e dks Hkkj vuqHko djus yxrk gSA ikB~;eksa dh fofo/rk]
cgqyrk rFkk ek=kkf/D;&rhuksa feydj Nk=k dh v;;u& vfHk#fp dks
izk;% lekIr gh dj nsrs gSaA vr% vko';d gS fd Nk=kksa dh
v;;u&vfHk#fp dks fuR; uohu cukus osQ fy, f'k{kk osQ ikB~;e
dks HkkjeqDr fd;k tk;sA
tc f'k{kk HkkjeqDr gksxh rks fu'p; gh og Lo;eso ,d
^vkuUnizn vuqHkwfr* fl gksxhA ;g ikB~;p;kZ&2005 dk nwljk y{;
gSA vkuUn rHkh izkIr gksrk gS tc fdlh dk;Z esa m}ssx u gks] v#fp u
gks] Fkdku u gksA f'k{kk osQ HkkjeqDr gksus ij ;s xq.k Lor% mn~Hkwr gksaxs
vkSj rc Nk=k Lo;a vius ikB~;eksa esa vk"V ,oa vuqjDr gksxkA bl
vkuUno`f osQ fy, ikB~;e esa ,sls Kku&lUnHkks dk lekos'k fd;k
tkuk pkfg, ftuesa mnkk thou ewY; gksa] ?kVuk&oSfPk=; osQ lkFk gh
lkFk vk/qfud tuthou dk izfrfcEc Hkh gksA
oLrqr% f'k{kk ,oa ikB~;e dk ;g i{k vR;Ur egoiw.kZ gSA
laLr dk ok~e; osnksa ls izkjEHk gksdj vk/qfud ;qx rd O;kIr gSA
oLrqr% ;g ok~e; Hkkjro"kZ osQ fiNys ikp gtkj o"kks dk ,d thoUr
nLrkosk gS ftlesa jk"V dk bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] n'kZu] laLo`Qfr] lkekftd
mFky&iqFky] fuR; ifjorZu'khy tuthou&lc oqQN fo|eku gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa vko';d gS fd izkphu xzUFkksa ls ge ,sls gh va'k
ikB~;e esa lekfo"V djsa ftuesa vkt dk Hkh jk"Vh; ,oa lkekftd
ifjos'k lejl gksA Jo.k oqQekj dh ekr`fir`HkfDr] gfj'pUnz dh
lR;fu"Bk] okYehfd&of.kZr rqvksa dk 'kk'or lkSUn;Z rFkk dFkklfjRlkxj]
ipra=k] fgrksins'k ,oa iq#"kijh{kk vkfn izkphu xzUFkksa dh f'k{kkizn
dgkfu;k blh izdkj dh gSaA budk lUnHkZ lkoZdkfyd gS vr% budh
lEizs"k.kh;rk Hkh tSlh dh rSlh gSA
ikB~;p;kZ dk rhljk y{; Hkh ;gh fuf'pr fd;k x;k & thou
osQ ifjos'k ls f'k{kk dk ?kfUk"B laca/A bl y{; dh iwfrZ rHkh gks

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxi

losQxh tc ladfyr ikBka'kksa ,oa vk/qfud thouifjos'k osQ chp lsrq

gks] vUr%laca/ gksaA
ikB~;p;kZ dk pkSFkk y{; fuf'pr fd;k x;k & f'k{kk dh
xq.kokk esa lq/kjA bl y{; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, gesa ;g ;ku j[kuk gksxk
fd gekjh ikB~;iqLrosQa loZFkk fujo| gksa] fookneqDr gksaA ladfyr ikB
jk"Vh; vkn'kks rFkk laoS/kfud ekU;rkvksa osQ loZFkk vuqowQy gksaA iqjkuh
ikB~;iqLrdksa esa izk;% ^ewyikB dh j{kk* osQ yksHko'k mi;qZDr rF;ksa dh
mis{kk dh xbZ gSA ijUrq vkt dk Hkkjrh; lekt vR;Ur laosnu'khy gSA
vr% ;g ;ku j[kk gh tkuk pkfg, fd fdlh Hkh ladfyr va'k ls
lekt osQ fdlh Hkh oxZ dh Hkkouk vkgr u gksA ikBksa ls loZkeZ&leHkko]
loksZn; rFkk lkekftd lekurk vkfn dk leFkZu gksuk pkfg;sA fdlh
Hkh oxZ] tkfr] leqnk; vFkok izo`fk dh voekuuk ugha gksuh pkfg;s
vkSj u gh fdlh osQ izfr izR;{k vFkok ijks{kjhfr ls dksbZ vk{ksi gksuk
pkfg,A ikB~;p;kZ dk vfUre y{; vR;Ur egoiw.kZ gS] fo'ks"kdj
laLo`Qr ikB~;e osQ lUnHkZ esa! ;g y{; gS& Nk=kksa dks fpUru osQ fy,
izsfjr djukA ikB~;e ,slk cuk;k tkuk pkfg, tks Nk=kksa dks Lo;a
LiwQrZ cuk losQA izk;% f'k{kd Nk=kksa dks ^fu#ik;* cukrk gS ;g dgdj
fd ^d.BLFk djus osQ vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ mik; ugha*A
'kCn:i ,oa /krq:i d.BLFk djrs&djrs vf/dka'k Nk=k fujk'k]
oqQf.Br ,oa grizHk gksdj laLo`Qrk;;u ls fojr gks tkrs gSaA Nk=kksa esa
,d Hkze lk O;kIr gks tkrk gS fd laLo`Qr esa lc oqQN jVus ls gh fl
gksxkA tcfd ,slk drbZ ugha gSA dkSu ,slh Hkk"kk gS ftlesa Nk=k
egoiw.kZ va'kksa dks d.BLFk ugha djrk\ fo|k dk d.BLFk gksuk rks
iz'kaluh; ckr gS] bldh fuUnk oSQlh\
ijUrq laLr Hkk"kk esa izoh.k gksus osQ fy, lc oqQN jV Mkyus dh
dksbZ vko';drk ughaA vko';drk gS rks osQoy bl ckr dh fd Nk=k
loZ=k ^v;kidkfJr* gh u gksA og Lo;a Hkh oqQN lkspuk fopkjuk
vFkok djuk lh[ksA fdlh ikB dks i<+dj og bruk leFkZ gks tk; fd

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxii

ikBkfJr y?kqiz'uksa dk mkj ns losQ] fdlh va'k dk vk'k; crk losQ]

fjDr LFkkuksa dh ikB~;ka'k osQ vk/kj ij iwfrZ dj losQ] izo`Qfr&izR;;
dk leqfpr esyu dj losQ rFkk ;ksX;rk&foLrkj osQ vU;kU; ekudksa
dks Hkh vkRelkr~ dj losQA
fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd laLo`Qrk;k;h Nk=k dk laLo`Qr osQ lkFk
uhj&{khj lEcU/ gksuk pkfg, u fd fry&r.Mqyor~ lal`f"V! ;fn Nk=k
^laLo`Qre;* ugha gqvk] mldh laLo`Qr le>us] fy[kus] cksyus dh
{kerk fodflr ugha gks ikbZ rks fiQj laLo`Qr i<+us dk ykHk D;k gqvk\
;g lc laHko gS ikB~;p;kZ osQ mi;qZDr y{;ksa dks viukus lsA
mi;qZDr y{;ksa dks pfjrkFkZ ,oa vuqiz;qDr djus dh n`f"V ls gh
^uohu ikB~;e* dh ladYiuk dh xbZ rFkk u;s ekun.Mksa osQ vkkkj
ij NBh] uoha] rFkk X;kjgoha d{kk osQ Nk=kksa osQ fy, ubZ ikB~;iqLrdksa
dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA bu iqLrdksa dk izeq[k oSf'k"V~; gS&
d & izkphu xzUFkka'kksa osQ lkFk gh lkFk vk/qfud laLo`Qr jpukvksa
dk Hkh lekos'kA
[k & vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dh fofo/ vuwfnr
(laLo`Qr) jpukvksa dk Hkh ikB~;e esa lekos'kA
x & ikB~;p;kZ osQ fofo/ y{;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq u;s vH;kliz'uksa]
fVIif.k;ksa ,oa ;ksX;rk foLrkj&mik;ksa dk lekos'kA
?k & f'k{k.k&laosQrksa dk funZs'kA
ikB~;p;kZ osQ y{;ksa dks n`f"V esa j[kdj lq/h izk;kidksa ,oa
fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa osQ leosr iz;kl ls fufeZr izLrqr ikB~;iqLrd fu'p;
gh laLo`Qrk;;u osQ {ks=k esa ,d 'kqHkkjaHk gSA ;g ikB~;e
laLo`Qrk/hrh Nk=kksa esa mu xq.kksa dks fodflr djsxk tks ikB~;p;kZ osQ
y{;:i esa foU;Lr fd;s x;s gSaA
izLrqr ladyu esa eykpj.k osQ vfrfjkQ oqQy nl ikB ladfyr
gSA eykpj.k osQ izFke eU=k esa lewph l`f"V dh bZ'oje;rk dk
izfriknu djrs gq,] R;kx osQ ek;e ls gh Hkksx dk mins'k fn;k x;k

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxiii

gSA nwljk ey
kRed eU=k Xosn osQ n'ke e.My esa fo|eku lkSeuL;
lwDr ls vkg`r gS ftlesa yksdrU=kkRed psruk dh O;k[;k djrs gq,
crk;k x;k gS fd gekjk eU=k (fopkj)] eu (ladYi) rFkk lfefr
(fu.kZ;) leku gksuk pkfg,] D;ksafd fopkjksa dh ,drk] Hkksxksa dh
lekurk rFkk lejlrk esa gh okLrfod lq[k gSA ey&ijEijk osQ vUr
esa 'kkfUrikB izLrqr gS tks ;tqosZn osQ 36osa v;k; ls x`ghr gSA blesa
|qyksd] vUrfj{k] i`Foh] vks"kf/] ouLifr] fo'osnso rFkk loZO;kid
cz dh 'kkfUr (vkuqowQY;) dh dkeuk dh xbZ gSA
izFke ikB oqQ'kyiz'kklue~ okYehfdjkek;.k osQ v;ks;kdk.M
osQ lkSosa lxZZ ls ladfyr gSA bl ikB esa LiQfVdfueZy Hkzkr`Lusg osQ
lkFk iz'kklfud flkarksa dk Hkh lqUnj fun'kZu gSA jkeouxeu ls
lUrIr Hkjr tc] i'pkkki&fo/qj Hkko ls mUgsa eukus osQ fy, iqj&ifjtu
lfgr fp=kowQV igqprs gSa rks mnkjg`n; jk?ko mUgsa nkSM+dj Nkrh ls yxk
ysrs gSaA jke lR;oskk gSa] cU/qiz.k;h gSa rFkk ijfpkK gSaA os tkurs gSa fd
muosQ oukxeu izdj.k esa fu'Ny Hkjr dh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha gSA
iQyr% os HkkbZ Hkjr dks lUrIr ns[k Lo;a Hkh VwV&fc[kj tkrs gSa fiQj
Hkh foo.kZonu kwfykwlfjr] o`Q'kdk; cU/qjRu Hkjr dks lkURouk nssrs gSaA
os Hkjr osQ oqQ'ky&iz'u osQ ek;e ls vkn'kZ iz'kklu dh uhfr;ksa dks
miLFkkfir djrs gSaA
oqQ'kyiz'u esa e;kZnkiq#"kkske jke dk fojkV~ O;fkQRo vfHkO;kQ
gksrk gSA og ftrsfUnz;] oqQyhu] 'kwj] Jqroku rFkk o'kaon vkekR;ksa osQ
fo"k; esa] rFkk Lo;a Hkjr dh nSufUnu o`fk;ksa osQ fo"k; esa iwNrs gSaA
oLrqr% jke }kjk iwNs x, oqQ'ky&{kse lekpkjksa esa gh vkn'kZ
ekuothou&p;kZ izfrfcfEcr gSA
f}rh; ikB lkSo.kksZ uoqQy% egf"kZ O;kl&iz.khr 'krlkgh lafgrk
egkHkkjr osQ vk'oesf/d ioZ (v;k; 92&93) ls ladfyr fd;k
x;k gSA bl ikB esa ,s'o;Z&oSHko dh rqqyuk esa fujgadkj&fujfHkeku
nSU;o`fk osQ egRo dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gSA
egkHkkjr&;q esa fot;Jh izkIr djus osQ ckn egkjkt ;qfkf"Bj

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxiv

v'oes/ & ;K lEiUu djrs gSaA ;K dh lekfIr gksus ij ,d uoqQy]

ftldk vk/k 'kjhj lqo.kZe; Fkk] ;KHkwfe esa vkdj yksVus yxrk gS
rFkk ekuook.kh esa fRotksa ls dgus yxrk gS fd ;g ;K ml czk.k
osQ lkqQizLFk ;K osQ rqY; ugha gS ftlesa lkqQLi'kZ ek=k ls esjk vkkk
'kjhj dkpuo.kZ gks x;k FkkA
vk'p;Zpfdr ;kfKdksa osQ lksRd.B iwNus ij uoqQy ,d czk.k
osQ ;K dk o.kZu djrk gS ftlus iw.kZ lkfodrk fujgadkjrk rFkk
onkU;rk&'kj.kkxroRlyrk dk ikyu djrs gq, R;kxiwoZd ;K lEiUUk
fd;k FkkA
lwfkQlq/k uked r`rh; ikB esa lnqins'kijd lqHkkf"krksa dk laxzg
fd;k x;k gS tks pk.kD;uhfr rFkk fgrksins'k ls leq`r gSaA lqHkkf"kr
,sls i| dks dgrs gSa ftlesa thoup;kZ osQ fdlh i{k fo'ks"k dks]
mins'keq[ksu mn~Hkkflr fd;k tkrk gSA bu lqHkkf"kr i|ksa esa 'kk'or lR;
vFkok thouke`r&jlk;uro] vR;Ur ekfeZd inkoyh esa vfHkO;kQ
gksrk gS] euq"; dks oSQls ns'k esa jguk pkfg,] dkSu euq"; dk lPps
vFkks esa cU/q gksrk gS] lRlaxfr dk ego D;k gS] euLoh O;fkQ dh
thoup;kZ oSQlh gksrh gS] ekuothou osQ R;kT; nks"k dkSu gSa rFkk
thoyksd osQ Ng lq[k dkSu&dkSu gSa & bu fo"k;ksa dk ladfyr
lqHkkf"krksa esa #fpdj izfriknu fd;k x;k gSA
rqp;kZ 'kh"kZd prqFkZ ikB vk;qosZn osQ iz[;kr vkdjxzUFk
pjdlafgrk osQ NBs v;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA ;|fi rqo.kZu osQ
lUnHkZ jkek;.k egkHkkjr rFkk ijorhZ dkO;ksa esa Hkh iw.kZ lkfgR;&lkSUn;Z]
dksey dYiuk ,oa thou fcEc osQ lkFk of.kZr gSaA ijUrq pjd&of.kZr
rqp;kZ dk oqQN vkSj gh foy{k.k ego gS D;ksafd vkpk;ZJh us
rqvksa dk o.kZu LokLF; ,oa vkjksX; dh n`f"V ls fd;k gSA
fdl rq esa oSQlh fnup;kZ gksuh pkfg,] oSQlk v'ku&iku rFkk
iF; gksuk pkfg,] bldk vR;Ur lVhd o.kZu ladfyr i|ka'kksa esa fd;k
x;k gS tks vkt Hkh izklafxd izrhr gksrk gSA gseUr] f'kf'kj] olUr]
xzh"e] o"kkZ rFkk 'kjn~ osQ o.kZuek=k esa vkpk;Z pjd mu rqvksa osQ

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxv

lEHkkO; jksxksa ls ikBdksa dks lko/ku djrs gq,] xzkp;kZ dk mins'k nsrs gSAa
ohj% loZneu% 'kh"kZd ipe ikB dfooqQyxq# dkfynkl iz.khr
fo'oizfl vej ukV~;fr vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ osQ lIrek ls
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA blesa nq";Ur ,oa 'koqQUryk osQ iq=k loZneu
dk vR;Ur ijkeiw.kZ fuHkZ; 'kS'ko jkspd 'kSyh esa of.kZr fd;k x;k
gSA
nqokZlk 'kki&O;kew< nq";Ur }kjk Hkjs njckj esa viekfur ,oa
frjLr mudh iRuh 'koqQUryk] viuh tUenk=kh esudk vIljk osQ
iz;Ru ls gseowQV ioZr fLFkr ekjhpkJe esa jgus yxrh gS tgk loZneu
dk tUe gksrk gSA
nsoklqjlaxzke esa nsojkt bUnz osQ lgk;rkFkZ LoxZyksd igqps nq";Ur
fot;ksijkUr ykSVrs gq, egf"kZ ekjhp ,oa nsoekrk vfnfr dks iz.kke
vfiZr djus muosQ vkJe esa vkrs gSa rFkk ohj loZneu dks ns[krs gSa tks
flag'kkodksa osQ nkr fxUkus dk ;Ru dj jgk gSA mls flagh osQ ks/ dk
Hkh Hk; ughaA nq";Ur cPps dk 'kkS;Z&ijke rFkk fuHkZ;rk ns[k fofLer
gks mBrs gSaA
vUrr% tc mUgsa Kkr gksrk gS fd ohj loZneu mUgha dk iq=k gS
rks og vkuUnfoy gks mBrs gSa rFkk iq=k ,oa iRuh ls lefUor gks
egf"kZ&nEirh dks iz.kke djrs gSaA
'kqd'kkodksnUr% 'kh"kZd "k"B ikB o';ok.khporhZ egkdfo
ck.kHk iz.khr dknEcjh&dFkk osQ dFkkeq[k Hkkx ls ladfyr gSA fofn'kkujs'k
'kwnd
z osQ njckj esa ,d fnu pk.MkydU;k }kjk] migkj& :i esa jktk dks
vfiZr djus osQ fy,] ,d tkfrLej 'kqd'kkod yk;k tkrk gS tks viuh
iz'kfLr osQ gh vuqoQw y] nkfguk iatk (vk'kh% eqnkz es)a mQij mBk dj]
jktk dh iz'kalk esa ,d vR;Ur yfyr ,oa lkfHkizk; ^vk;kZ* i<+rk gS
ftls lqurs gh fofn'kkujs'k fofLer gks mBrs gSaA
mRdf.Br ,oa foLe;foeqX/ jktk osQ }kjk ifjp; iwNus ij
'kqd'kkod oS'kEik;u] egf"kZ tkckfy }kjk lqukbZ xbZ viuh vkRedFkk
dks ;Fkkor~ izLrqr djrk gSA d#.kk ,oa vuqdEik] o`QrKrk ,oa

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxvi

o'kaonrk ls vksrizksr] dkSVqfEcd Lusg&okRlY; esa vuqL;wr 'kqd'kkod

dh ;g vkRedFkk gesa vJqfoXkfyr cuk nsrh gSA thou dh mPpkop
laosnukvksa dk vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k.k bl x|ka'k esa dfo us fd;k gS tks
vizfre gSA
HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe% 'kh"kZd lIre ikB] foxr 'krkCnh dh
fonq"kh ysf[kdk rFkk xk/hfopkj/kjk dh leFkZ dof;=kh Jherh if.Mrk
{kekjko&iz.khr lR;kxzgxhrk osQ prqFkZ v;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA 1926
bZ- esa nf{k.k vizQhdk ls Hkkjr ykSVs] eksgunkl deZpUn xkkh osQ
Hkkjrh; Lok/hurk&laxzke dk usr`Ro laHkkyrs gh Lora=krk dk la?k"kZ rhoz
gks mBk FkkA xk/h th us vgenkckn osQ lehi lkcjerh unh osQ rV
ij lR;kxzg&vkJe dh LFkkiuk dh tks muosQ fopkjksa rFkk R;ksa dk
osQUnz cu x;kA ;gha ls mUgksaus lR;&vfgalk] lR;kxzg] rFkk lfou;
voKk vkfn osQ egkeU=kksa dk mn~?kks"k rFkk dk;kZUo;u fd;k ftlls gesa
vUrr% Lora=krk izkIr gks ldhA
if.Mrk {kekjko us mlh lR;kxzg&vkJe rFkk viuh vk[kksa ns[kh
xfrfof/;ksa dk jkspd o.kZu izLrqr i|ka'k esa fd;k gSA bl ikB esa
egkRek xk/h dh fopkj/kjk dk izkaty :i i<+us dks feyrk gSA
if.Mrk {kekjko vokZphu laLr dkO;/kjk osQ lkfgR;dkjksa esa
vR;Ur lEekfur dof;=kh gSa ftudk ys[ku ikjEifjd gksus osQ lkFk gh
lkFk] ijEijkeqkQ Hkh jgk gSA mUgksaus viuh fr;ksa esa fo/okfookg]
;kSrdfojks/ rFkk ckyfookg&fojks/ tSlh ubZ lekftd izo`fk;ksa dks Hkh
fuHkZ;rk osQ lkFk fpf=kr fd;k gSA
lhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k% 'kh"kZd v"Ve ikB ewyr% dM+ osQ
KkuihBiqjLdkj ef.Mr ;'kLoh lkfgR;dkj ekfLr osVs'k v;k;Z
dh dM+ Hkk"kk esa iz.khr y?kq miU;kfldk (Novelette) lqCc.k% osQ
laLo`Qr :ikUrj ls fy;k x;k gSA
lqCc.k% ekfLr osV s'k v;k ;Z&iz.khr dM+ Hkk"kk dk ,d
y?kq miU;kl gSA osVs'k v;k;Z dM+ y?kqdFkk ijEijk osQ tud
ekus tkrs gSa ftUgkasus chloha 'krh bZ- osQ f}rh; n'kd esa loZizFke viuh

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxvii

jpuk izdkf'kr dhA LoHkkor% og tkWu vkWfLVu rFkk pkYlZ fMosQal

ljh[ks vaxzsth miU;kldkjksa osQ iz'kald jgs rFkk mlh vkSiU;kfld
vkn'kZ ij dM+ esa jpuk djrs jgsA
lqCc..k% ekfLr osVs'k v;k;Z dk ,d ,slk yksdfiz; rFkk
eeZLi'khZ miU;kl gS ftlesa e;oxhZ; la;qkQ ifjokj dh lkekftd
cqjkb;ksa rFkk ikfjokfjd mis{kkvksa dk fo'oluh; fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
dFkkuk;d lqCc..k osQ firk jktkJ; izkIr ,d Js"B fo}ku~ gSa ijUrq
ckyd lqCc..k dh vfHk#fp firk ls fHkUu gSA og lhrkuqjkxh gSA
firk iq=k dk ;g euks}s"k tc f'k[kjLFk gksrk gS rks vlfg".kq lqCc..k
viuh iRuh ,oa cPph osQ lkFk] ,d fnu pqipki ?kj NksM+ nsrk gS vkSj
dydkk igqp tkrk gSA ;|fi mlosQ oqQN o"kZ ogk lq[k ls chrrs gSa
ijUrq HkkX; dh fu"Bqjrk] iRuh ,oa cPph dks Nhu dj mls fuiV
,dkdh cuk nsrh gSA vUrr% dydkk egkuxj esa thou ls for`".k ,oa
eksgHkXu gksdj lqCc..k] ekrk&firk rFkk lxs&lEcfU/;ksa osQ fpjfo;ksx
ls lUrIr gqvk iqu% vius xko ykSVrk gS rFkk xko osQ cPpksa dks
fu%'kqYd lh r dh f'k{kk nsrk] 'kkfUriwoZd e`R;q dk oj.k djrk gSA
KkuihB iqjLdkj ls Jhef.Mr ekfLr osVs'k dh bl dkyt;h
o`Qfr dk laLr vuqokn fo}ku~ ,p~- ,u~- osVs'k 'kekZ 'kkL=kh us fd;k
gS tks f'keksxk tuin osQ gkslgYyheFkwj uked xko esa iSnk gq, rFkk
dukZVd jkT; osQ f'k{kkfoHkkx esa if.Mr osQ :i esa gtkjksa yksxksa dks
laLr dh f'k{kk nsrs jgs gSaA vf[ky dukZVd&laLr ifj"kn~ caxykSj
}kjk ;g y?kq miU;kl izFke ckj 1993 bZ- esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA
uoe ikB oL=kfo;% e- e- ia- eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kro`Qr
Hkkjrfot;ukVde~ osQ izFke vad ls fy;k x;k gSA
chloha lnh osQ izkjfEHkd pj.k esa ftu Js"B lkfgR;dkjksa
us viuh fr;ksa ls laLr&ok~e; dks le` fd;k muesa
ia- vfEcdknk O;kl] gfjnkl flkUrokxh'k] Hk eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh] ee- ia- jkekorkj 'kekZ] if.Mrk {kekjko] okbZ- egkfy 'kkL=kh rFkk
ewy'kadj ekf.kD; yky ;kfKd vkfn izeq[k gSaA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxviii

e- e- ia- eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kr lksyu&ujs'k (lEizfr fgekpyizns'k

dk tuin&fo'ks"k) osQ lEekfur jktdfo Fks ftUgksaus fczfV'k 'kkludky
esa Hkh iwjh fuHkZ;rk ,oa fujaoqQ'krk osQ lkFk Lok/hurk dks leFkZu djus
okys Hkkjrfot; uked kfUrdkjh mRiszjd ukVd dk iz.k;u 1937
bZ- esa fd;k A bl ukV~;fr dh foy{k.k fo'ks"krk ;gh gS fd blesa
kUrn'khZ dfo us Hkkjr dh Lok/hurk&izkfIr dk fp=k.k 1947 bZ- ls
,d n'kd iwoZ gh viuh kUr izfrHkk osQ cy ij fd;kA fpjdky rd
;g jpuk 'kklu }kjk tCr jgh_ Lora=krk izkfIr osQ ckn gh bldk
izdk'ku gks ldkA
eqxy ckn'kkg 'kkgvkye ls caxky vkSj fcgkj dh ekyxqtkjh
olwyus dk vf/dkj izkIr dj xkSjk vf/dkjh iztk ij vR;kpkj
djus yxrs gSaA tc Hkkjrh; tqykgs] ijEijkuqlkj viuk oL=k cspus
cktkj esa vkrs gSa rks ;s vaxzst viQlj] 'kkgh iQjeku fn[kkdj lkjk
oL=k] vR;Ur lLrs nke ij Lo;a [kjhn ysrs gSa rFkk mUgsa lsB&lkgwdkjksa
rd ugha tkus nsrs A bl izdkj Hkkjrh; tqykgksa dh lkjh vFkZ&O;oLFkk
u"V&Hkz"V gks tkrh gS rFkk os xjhch dh ekj >syus dks foo'k gks
tkrs gSaA
izLrqr ikB esa blh lUnHkZ dk eeZLi'khZ o.kZu ukV~;dkj }kjk fd;k
x;k gSA oLrqr% ;g ikB gesa Hkkjrh; Lok/hurk&la?k"kZ dh i`"BHkwfe ls
ifjfpr djkrk gSA
;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~ uked n'ke ikB ewyr% ,d f'k{kkizn y?kq
dFkk gSA izLrqr y?kqdFkk MkW- osQ'kopUnz nk'k osQ y?kqdFkklaxzg ^,dnk*
ls ladfyr dh xbZ gSA Jh txUukFk laLr fo'ofo|ky;] iqjh osQ
U;k;n'kZufoHkkxk;{k cgqJqr fo}ku~ vkpk;Z osQ'kopUnz nk'k us vokZphu
laLr ok~e; dks viuh tuoknh dforkvksa rFkk dFkksiU;klfr;ksa
ls le` cuk;k gSA MkW- nk'k dh izeq[k fr;k gSa& egku jkf'kjs[kk]
f'k[kk] folxZ%] irkdk] vtfy% fn'kk&fofn'kk] 'khryr`".kk] izfrin~
vkfnA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxix

^,dnk* esa MkW- nk'k&iz.khr nl y?kq dFkk;sa ladfyr gSaA ;s

dFkk;sa firkegh }kjk vius ukrh ek/o rFkk ukfru iqyksetk dks lqukbZ
tkrh gSa tks dFkk lqukus dh izkphu Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k&ifr gSA ;s dFkk;sa
laf{kIr gksrh gqbZ Hkh vR;Ur HkkoxfHkZr] eeZLi'khZ ,oa #fpo/Zd gSaA
ewyr% ^lR;e~* 'kh"kZd ls ladfyr izLrqr dFkk esa ;g crk;k
x;k gS fd ^ftlls yksdfgr fl gksrk gks ogh lR; gSA* xko osQ Nksj
ij fLFkr ifuh uked iq"dfj.kh osQ fdukjs vkJe esa ,d eqfu jgrk
FkkA og xzkeh.kksa rFkk muosQ i'kqvksa }kjk iafdy dh xbZ iq"dfj.kh dh
nhu&n'kk ns[k vR;Ur nq[kh jgrk FkkA og fujUrj ;gh lksprk jgrk Fkk
fd bl ckoyh dk mkj&laLdkj oSQls gks\
vdLekr~ ,d lqo.kZ volj eqfu osQ gkFk yx gh x;kA ,d fnu
xko okys ,d cPps dks ^fEkF;kHkk"kh* crk dj ihVus yxsA eqfu us
chp&cpko djrs gq, cPps ls iwNk & rqe HkwQB oSQls cksyrs gks\ cPps
us dgk & tSlk ilUn vkrk gS] oSLkk gh cksyrk gwA eqfu us iqu%
iwNk & vPNk rks bl iq"dfj.kh osQ fo"k; esa oqQN cksyks! cPps us dgk
bl iq"dfj.kh osQ ty esa ,d fo'kky eNyh gS! vkvks Hkkb;ks! ns[kks]
ns[kks! og oSQlk [ksy jgh gS!
eqfu osQ fl[kkus&i<+kus ls vxys fnu losjs cPpk fpYyk&fpYyk
dj ogh ckr xko okyksa ls dgus yxk vkSj ns[krs gh ns[krs egkeRL;
dks [kkstus dk iz;kl djus okys xzkeh.kksa us rkykc dk lkjk dhpM+
ckgj iasQd dj mls fueZy cuk fn;kA
rkykc osQ dhpM+ ls fdlkuksa osQ [ksr vR;Ur mitkmQ cu x;sA
dhpM+ fudkyus ls rkykc xgjk Hkh gks x;k vkSj o"kkZ vkrs gh fueZy
ty ls yckyc Hkj mBkA rVorhZ >qjeqVksa osQ dVus rFkk u;k rVcU/
cukus ls rkykc dh 'kksHkk Hkh c<+ xbZA rkykc dh og 'kksHkk ns[k xko
osQ cM+s&cw<ksa us fu;e cuk fn;k fd vc vkxs ls tks dksbZ Hkh ty dks
nwf"kr djsxk og nf.Mr gksxkA
eqfu us xko okyksa dks le>k;k fd ftl cPps dks vki yksx
feF;kHkk"kh dgrs Fks og lPps vFkks esa lR;oknh fl gqvkA D;ksafd

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxx

mlosQ feF;kHkk"k.k esa Hkh yksddY;k.k dk cht fo|eku Fkk vkSj lR;
ek=k mls gh ugha dgrs tks ;FkkFkZ:i esa cksyk tkrk gS] cfYd tks
(vkikrr% vlR; izrhr gksrk gks ijUrq) yksddY;k.kdkjh gks mls Hkh
lR; gh dgrs gSaA
HkkLorh (izFke Hkkx) uked izLrqr ikB~;xzUFk dk fuekZ.k d{kk
X;kjg (osQfUnzd) osQ Nk=kksa dks n`f"V esa j[k dj fd;k x;k gSA
LoHkkor% bl ikB~;xzUFk dks d{kk X;kjg (,sfPNd) osQ ikB~;xzUFk dh
rqyuk esa ljy] #fpdj] laf{kIr ,oa vkd"kZd gksuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g
ikB~;xzUFk fo'ks"k :i ls mu Nk=kksa osQ fy, gS tks laLr dks fo"k;
osQ :i esa u i<+ dj Hkk"kk osQ :i esa i<+rs gSaA vr% bl vUrj dks
gh n`f"V esa j[krs gq, izLrqr ikB~;xzUFk dks Hkk"kk&lkSUn;Z] Hkk"kkizokg]
Hkk"kkfodkl ,oa Hkk"kk&lkjY; dh n`f"V ls lqlfTtr djus dk ;koPND;
iz;Ru fo}kuksa }kjk fd;k x;k gSA
oSfnd ey i|ksa osQ vuUrj jkek;.k&egkHkkjr ls] blh n`f"V ls
Nk=kksa dks ifjfpr djk;k x;k gS rkfd os ijorhZ lewps laLr&ok~e;
osQ fu";anHkwr vk"kZdkO;}; dk ego tku losaQA 'ks"k ikBksa dks Hkh blh
n`f"V ls p;fur fd;k x;k gS rkfd Nk=k Hkk"kkxr ,oa 'kSyhxr Hksnksa ls
ifjfpr gks losaQ A pk.kD;] pjd] dkfynkl rFkk ck.kHk laLr Hkk"kk
osQ pkj ekud gSaA ,d uhfrdkO; gS rks nwljk oS|d dk xzUFkA ,d
laokncgqy ukV~;xzUFk gS rks nwljk yfyr x| dkA bl izdkj pkjksa izdkj
osQ xzUFk laLr Hkk"kk osQ pkj fHkUu :i izLrqr djrs gSa ftlesa dkyxr]
fo"k;xr rFkk 'kSyhxr Hksn gSA fu'p; gh bu ikBksa osQ v;;u ls Nk=k
laLr dh fofo/ Hkkf"kd lajpuk ,oa le`f ls ifjfpr gks losaQxsA
ikB~;xzUFk osQ vfUre pkj ikBksa esa laLr Hkk"kk dk vokZphu
Lo:i miU;Lr fd;k x;k gSA oLrqr% ;g laLr chloha&bDdhloha
'krh bZ- dh gSA blesa ins&ins uwru 'kCnkoyh vFkok LofufeZr (self
coined) 'kCnkoyh dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lqCc..k 'kh"kZd ikB
esa gh ok;fyu (ok|&fo'ks"k)] fpfVdk (fVdV)] i=kd (Note)]
izf.kf/&lUns'k (Draft) tSls u;s 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx jpukdkj us fd;k gSA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxxi

iqLrd osQ vkjaHk esa nh xbZ Hkwfedk }kjk Nk=kksa dks laLr&lkfgR;
dh fofHkUu fo/kvksa osQ fodkl osQ laf{kIr bfrgkl dk ifjp;
djok;k x;k gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk fu/kZfjr ikBksa osQ ewyxzUFk ,oa muls
lEcfU/r lkfgR;dkjksa dk ifjp;kRed Kku Hkh blesa lekfo"V gSA ikB
osQ vkjaHk esa ikB&lUnHkZ fn;k x;k gS ftlesa ladfyr va'k dk izlax
ljyrk ls Nk=kksa dks cks/xE; gks losQA d{kk esa Nk=kksa dks lh[kus osQ
vf/d volj iznku djus osQ fy, ikBksa osQ var esa fofo/ vH;kl&iz'u
Hkh fn;s x;s gSaA
izLrqr ladyu dh ik.Mqfyfi dks rS;kj djus osQ fy, le;&le;
ij vk;ksftr dk;Zxksf"B;ksa esa Hkkx ysus okys ftu fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa ,oa
laLr v;kidksa dk ekxZn'kZu rFkk lg;ksx lqyHk gqvk gS lEiknd
mu lHkh fo}kuksa osQ izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gSA ;|fi bl
ladyu dks ;FkklaHko Nk=kksi;ksxh ,oa Lrj osQ vuq:i cukus dk iz;kl
fd;k x;k gS rFkkfi bls Nk=kksa osQ fy, vkSj vf/d mi;ksxh cukus osQ
fy, vuqHkoh laLr v;kidksa osQ cgqewY; lq>koksa dk ge lnSo
Lokxr djsaxsA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
f'k{kdksa ls fuosnu
ikB~;lkexzh tgk iqLrd dks yksdfiz; cukrh gS] ogha nwljh vksj f'k{kd
dh Hkwfedk dk Hkh viuk egoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA ikB~;lkexzh vkSj
f'k{kd nksuksa gh os vk/kj&LrEHk gSa tks v;kiu dyk dks lqpk# :i
ls fodflr djrs gSaA osQoy f'k{kd dh ;ksX;rk Nk=kksa dk lgh
fn'kk&funsZ'k ugha dj ldrh vxj ikB~;lkexzh Nk=kksa osQ LrjkuqowQy u
gksA f'k{kdksa ls vuqjks/ gS fd os ikB~;lkexzh osQ v;kiu osQ le;
fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij ;ku nsaA
1- lelkef;d fo"k; ij vk/kfjr izFke ikB esa efU=k;ksa dh fu;qfDr
vkfn fo"k;ksa ls Nk=kksa dks 'kklu O;oLFkk ls ifjfpr djok;saA
vuq"Vqqi~ NUn dk y{k.k crkdj Nk=kksa dks ikB~;e esa fukkZfjr
NUnksa dk ifjp; djk;k tk;sA vkfn dfo okYehfd osQ thouo`k
dk ifjp; nsdj jkek;.k dh fo"k;oLrq ls ifjfpr djk;saA

xxxii

2- egkHkkjr osQ lkaLfrd&ewY;ksa osQ fo"k; esa Nk=kksa dks tkudkjh nsaA
3- thouksi;ksxh lwfDr;ksa ls ;qDr r`rh; ikB esa pk.kD; vkSj ukjk;.k
if.Mr }kjk fy[ks x;s i|ksa osQ fufgr ego dks Nk=kksa dks crk;saA
fuokl dgk djuk pkfg,\ cU/q dkSu gS\ ;g Nk=kksa dks Li"V
djsaA lRlf r dk egRo crkdj vU; mnkgj.kksa osQ }kjk Nk=kksa dks
Hkko Li"V djsaA iq"ixqPN osQ mnkgj.k ls euLoh O;fDr;ksa osQ
thoun'kZu dks le>k;saA ijksidkj dh Hkkouk dks 'yksdksa }kjk
lqn`<+ djk;saA vkyL; dks NksM+us dk lans'k nsdj thoyksd osQ N%
lq[kksa ls ifjfpr djk;saA
;ksX;rk foLrkj esa fn;s x;s 'yksdksa dk vFkZ le>kdj ikB esa
iznk 'yksdksa dk Hkko lkE; Li"V djsaA
4- rqp;kZ ikB esa Nk=kksa dks rqvksa dk Kku nsrs gq, f'k{kd Nk=kksa
dks voxr djok;sa fd izR;sd rq esa gekjs }kjk D;k Hk{; vkSj
D;k vHk{; gS rFkk mldh mi;ksfxrk ls Nk=kksa dks ifjfpr djk,A
izfriznk bu oLrqvksa osQ iz;ksx osQ izfr ;ku nsaA
5- dkfynkl }kjk jfpr vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ ukVd ls ladfyr bl
ikB dk Nk=kksa ls vfHku; djk;saA
6- izkphu Hkkjr osQ riksou dh laLfr ls Nk=kksa dks ifjfpr djk;saA
oU; thou rFkk i;kZoj.k dk uk'k djus okyh vk[ksV o`fk osQ
izfrjks/ esa riksou fdl izdkj d#.kk o laosnuk osQ }kjk i;kZoj.k
dh lgt Hkko ls j{kk djrs jgs gSa&bl rF; dks js[kkafdr djsaA
7- xk/hoknh thou n'kZu ls Nk=kksa dk ifjp; djk;saA xk/h dh
vkRedFkk mUgsa i<+us dks izsfjr djsaA
8- nf{k.k osQ dfo }kjk vuwfnr bl ikB esa lhr osQ ego dks
izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA Nk=kksa dh vfHk#fp ftl fo"k;fo'ks"k esa
gks mudks mlh vksj Kku izkIr djus osQ fy, izsj.kk nsaA
vfHkHkkodksa dks Hkh cPpksa osQ #fp&fo'ks"k dh vksj ;ku&vkdf"kZr
djkus dk iz;kl djsaA bfPNr fo"k; esa v;;u ls Nk=k thou esa
mPp LFkku izkIr djsaxsA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

xxxiii

9- ia- eFkqjk izlkn nhf{kr vk/qfud ;qx osQ izfl dfo ,oa
ukVddkj gSaA muosQ O;fkQRo ,oa frRo dk ifjp; Nk=kksa dks nsaA
oL=kfo;% ukVd osQ ek;e ls vaxzstksa dh neuuhfr ls Nk=kksa
dks voxr djk;saA izLrqr ukVd osQ vfHku; dk vH;kl d{kk esa
djk;saA
10- izkphudky ls pyh vk jgh nknk&nknh] ukuk&ukuh osQ eq[k ls
lquk;h tkus okyh dFkk&ifjikVh ls Nk=kksa dks ifjfpr djk;saA
thou esa lR; dk ego crkdj ikB dk 'kh"kZd Li"V djsaA
;ksX;rk foLrkj esa nh x;h lwfDr;ksa }kjk Hkkoksa dks lqLi"V djsaA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
fo"k;kuqozQef.kdk

i`"Bkk%
iii

iqjksoko~Q
Hkwfedk

o
n

vii

eye~

izFke% ikB%

oqQ'kyiz'kklue~

f}rh;% ikB%

lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%

r`rh;% ikB%

lwfDrlq/k

15

prqFkZ% ikB%

rqp;kZ

20

ipe% ikB%

ohj% loZneu%

26

"k"B% ikB%

'kqd'kkodksnUr%

32

lIre% ikB%

HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe%

39

v"Ve% ikB%

lh rkuqjkxh lqCc..k%

45

uoe% ikB%

oL=kfoozQ;%

51

n'ke% ikB%

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~

57

ifjf'k"V

64

ey
e~

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
bZ'kkokL;fena lo ;fRdp txR;ka txr~A
rsu R;ksQu HkqthFkk ek x`/% dL;fLoue~AA1AA

(;tqosZn% & 40@1) bZ'kksifu"kn~

HkkokFkZ% l`f"V esa ;s lc tks oqQN Hkh tM+&psru inkFkZ gSa os bZ'oj ls
vkokflr ;k vkPNkfnr gSa vFkkZr~ lHkh esa bZ'oj dk fuokl gSA vr%
lHkh yksx ml ijes'oj osQ }kjk fn, x, inkFkks dk gh ijLij R;kx dh
Hkkouk ls Hkksx djsaA fdlh vU; O;fDr osQ /u dk yksHk u djsaAA1AA

lekuks eU=k% lfefr% lekuh lekua eu% lg fpkes"kke~A

lekua eU=kefHkeU=k;s o% lekusu oks gfo"kk tqgksfeAA2AA
(Xosn% & 10@192@3)

o
n

HkkokFkZ% bl ea=k esa ekuoek=k osQ fy, izsj.kk nh x;h gS fd lHkh osQ
fopkj leku gksaA lfefr vFkkZr~ lHkk, vkSj muesa cSBdj fy, x, fu.kZ;
leku gksaA lHkh osQ eu vFkkZr~ ladYi rFkk fpRr vFkkZr~ fparu ,d tSls
gksaA eSa rqe lc dks ,d gh fopkj ls ;qDr djrk gw rFkk lHkh osQ fy,
,d gh tSls (leku Hkko ls) gfo vFkkZr~ v vkfn HkksX; inkFkZ iznku
djrk gwA
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd ijekRek ,oa izfr dh vksj ls lHkh dks
miHkksx osQ lk/u leku Hkko ls fn, x, gSaA vr% fopkjksa dh ,drk]
Hkksxksa dh lekurk rFkk lejlrk esa gh lq[k gSAA2AA

|kS% 'kkfUrjUrfj{k 'kkfUr% i`fFkoh 'kkfUrjki%

'kkfUrjks"k/;% 'kkfUroZuLir;% 'kkfUroos nsok% 'kkfUrczZ
'kkfUr% loZ 'kkfUr%'kkfUrjso 'kkfUr% lkek 'kkfUrjsf/AA3AA
(;tqonZs % 36@17)

HkkLorh

HkkokFkZ % |qyksd 'kkafrnk;d gks] vUrfj{kyksd rFkk i`Fohyksd 'kkafrnk;d

gksa] ty ,oa vks"kf/;k rFkk ouLifr;k 'kkafr nsus okyh gksa] lHkh nsork
vFkok l`f"V dh fnO; 'kfDr;k 'kkafr nsus okyh gksa] cz vFkkZr~ egku~
ijes'oj ;k mldk fn;k gqvk Kku osn] 'kkafrnk;d gks] lEiw.kZ pjkpj
txr~ 'kkafrizn gksa] lc txg 'kkafr gh 'kkafr gks] ,slh 'kkafr eq>s izkIr gks
vkSj og lnk c<+rh gh jgsA
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd l`f"V osQ d.k&d.k esa 'kkafr gksA lHkh inkFkZ
lHkh osQ fy, lq[k&'kkafrnk;d gksaA leLr i;kZoj.k gh gekjs fy, lq[kn
,oa 'kkafrizn gksA lq[k&'kkafr dh ;g /kjk dHkh de u gks] lnk c<+rh
gh jgsAA3AA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

izFke% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
oqQ'kyiz'kklue~

izLrqr va'k okYehfdjkek;.k osQ v;ks;kdk.M osQ lkSosa lxZ ls ladfyr

gSA Hkxoku~ Jhjke fp=kowQV esa ouokl dj jgs gSaA Hkzkr`fojg ls ihfM+r
Hkjr Jhjke ls feyus vk, gSaA Jhjke Hkjr ls feyus osQ ckn muls
oqQ'ky&iz'u djrs gSaA bl izdj.k esa Hkjr jke ls jkT;O;oLFkk lapkyu
lacakh ,sls vusd iz'u djrs gSa ftuls jktuhfr foKku ij egRoiw.kZ
izdk'k iM+rk gSA
Jhjke us Hkjr ls iz'u fd;k gS fd D;k mUgksaus efU=k;ksa dh
fu;qfDr 'kkL=kksDr vis{kkvksa osQ vuq:i dh gS\ D;k os eU=k.kk 'kkL=kfof/
ls djrs gSa\ D;k mudk osru Hkqxrku le; ls fd;k tkrk gS\ ;g
ikB~;ka'k iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dh n`f"V ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA bUgha
fcanqvksa ij izLrqr ikB~;ka'k esa fo'kn foospu fd;k x;k gSA
tfVya phjolua izktfya ifrra HkqfoA
nn'kZ jkeks nqnZ'k ;qxkUrs HkkLdja ;FkkAA1AA
dFkfpnfHkfoKk; foo.kZonua 'ke~A
Hkzkrja Hkjra jke% ifjtxzkg ikf.kukAA2AA

o
n

vk?kzk; jkeLra ewu ifj"oT; p jk?koe~A

v~osQ HkjrekjksI; i;Zi`PNr lknje~AA3AA

dfPpnkRelek% 'kwjk% JqroUrks ftrsfUnz;k%A

oqQyhuk'psf~xrKk'p rkLrs rkr efU=k.k%AA4AA
eU=kks fot;ewya fg jkKka Hkofr jk?ko!A
lqlao`rks efU=k/qjSjekR;S% 'kkL=kdksfonS%AA5AA

HkkLorh

dfPpfnzko'ka uSf"k dfPpRdkysocq;lsA

dfPpPpkijjk=ks"kq fpUr;L;FkZuSiq.ke~AA6AA
dfPpUeU=k;ls uSd% dfPpUu cgqfHk% lgA
dfPpks efU=krks eU=kks jk"Va u ifj/kofrAA7AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
dfPpnFk fofuf'pR; y?kqewya egksn;e~A
f{kizekjHkls deZ u nh?kZ;fl jk?ko!AA8AA

dfPpRlgkUew[kkZ.kkesdfePNfl if.Mre~A
if.Mrks FkZPNs"kq oqQ;kZfUu%Js;la egr~AA9AA
,dksI;ekR;ks es/koh 'kwjks n{kks fop{k.k%A
jktkua jktiq=ka ok izki;sUegrha fJ;e~AA10AA

dfPpUeq[;k egRLoso e;es"kq p e;ek%A

t?kU;k'p t?kU;s"kq Hk`R;kLrs rkr ;ksftrk%AA11AA
vekR;kuqi/krhrkfUir`iSrkegkNqphu~A
Js"BkNs"Bs"kq dfPpoa fu;kst;fl deZlqAA12AA
dfPp`"V'p 'kwj'p /`frekUefrekNqfp%A
oqQyhu'pkuqjkQ'p n{k% lsukifr% r%AA13AA
dfPpn~cyL; HkkaQ p osrua p ;Fkksfpre~A
lEizkIrdkya nkrO;a nnkfl u foyEclsAA14AA
dkykfre.kkPpSo HkkQosru;ksHk`Zrk%A
HkrqZjI;froqQI;fUr lksuFkZ% lqegkULe`r%AA15AA

o
n

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

tfVye~
phjolue~
izktfye~
nn'kZ

&
&
&
&

tVk% lfUr ;L; l% re~] tVk $ byp~] tVk /kj.k fd;s gq,A
phja olua ;L; l% re~] isM+ osQ Nky osQ cus oL=k igus gq,A
ueLdkj djus okysA
n`'k~ $ fyV~ ydkj] iz iq , o] ns[kkA

oqQ'kyiz'kklue~
nqnZ'kZe~
vfHkfoKk;
foo.kZonue~
ifjtxzkg
ifj"oT;
vk?kzk;
vkjksI;
i;Zi`PNr
vkRelek%
JqroUr%
ftrsfUnz;k%
eU=k%
fot;ewye~
'kkL=kdksfonS%
vocq;ls
eU=k;ls
fofuf'pR;
nh?kZ;fl
vFkZPNs"kq
fu%Js;le~
vekR;%
fop{k.k%
izki;sr~
t?kU;%
,f"k
fu;kst;fl
n{k%
HkDrosru;ks%
mi/krhrku~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

/`"V%

&

nz"Vqe~ v'kD;e~] nq%[kiwoZd ns[kk tkus ;ksX;A

vfHk $ fo milxZ Kk /krq $ DRok > Y;i~] igpkudjA
foo.k onua ;L; l% re~] iQhosQeq[k okykA
ifj $ xzg~ $ fyV~] iz iq , o] xzg.k fd;kA
ifj $ "oLt~ $ DRok > Y;i~] vkfyu djosQA
vk $ ?kzk $ DRok > Y;i~] lw?kdjA
vk $ #g~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok > Y;i~] cSBkdjA
ifj $ i`PN~ $ y~ (vkReusin] vk"kZiz;ksx)] iwNkA
vkReuk lek%] vius lekuA
Jqr $ erqi~ iqa iz iq c o] 'kkL=k i<+s gq,A
ftrkfu bfUnz;kf.k ;S% rs] bfUnz;ksa dks o'k esa djus okysA
eU=k.kkA
fot;% ewys ;L; rr~] fot; iznku djus okykA
'kkL=kL; dksfonS%] "k"Bh&rRiq#"k] 'kkL=k osQ Kkrkvksa osQ }kjkA
tkxrs gksA
eU=k.kk djrs gksA
fo $ ful~ $ fp $ DRok > Y;i~] fu'p; djosQA
foyEc djrs gksA
vFkZL; PNs"kq] "k"Bh&rRiq#"k] /u dh dfBukb;ksa esaA
fu%'ks"ks.k Js;kafl ;fLeu~ rr~] dY;k.kA
eU=khA
fuiq.kA
iz $ vki~ $ f.kp~] fof/fy~] iz iq , o] izkIr djk,A
fuanuh;A
izkIr gksrs gksA
fu;qDr djrs gksA
prqj] fuiq.kA
Hkkstu vkSj osru osQA
mikk;k% vrhrku~] jktkvksa osQ }kjk fd;s x;s eaf=k;ksa osQ
ijh{k.k ls 'kq gksdj fudys gq,A
fdlh osQ ncko esa u vkus okykA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

HkkLorh

lfU/foPNsn%
jkeks nqnZ'kZe~
;qxkUrs
dFkfpnfHkfoKk;
jkeLre~
i;Zi`PNr
df'pnkRelek%
oqQyhuk'psfrKk'p
efU=k/qjSjekR;S%
dfPpfUunzko'ke~
uSf"k
uSd%
FkZZPNs"kq
oqQ;kZfUu%Js;le~
dfPpn~/`"V'p
efrekNqfp%
oqQyhuk'p
Hk`R;k'p
dkykfrozQe.kkPpSo
HkrqZjI;froqQI;fUr
lksuFkZ%

jke% $ nqnZ'kZe~A
;qx $ vUrsA
dFke~ $ fpr~ $ vfHkfoKk;A
jke% $ re~A
ifj $ vi`PNr (vk"kZiz;ksx)A
d% $ fpr~ $ vkRelek%A
oqQyhuk% $ p $ bfrKk% $ p
efU=kkqqjS% $ vekR;S%A
dr~ $ fpr~ $ funzko'ke~A
u $ ,f"kA
u $ ,d%A
fg $ vFkZPNs"kqA
oqQ;kZr~ $ fu%Js;le~A
dfPpr~ $ /`"V% $ pA
efreku~ $ 'kqfp%A
oqQyhuk% $ pA
Hk`R;k% $ pA
dky $ vfrozQe.kkr~ $ p $ ,oA
HkrqZ% $ vfi $ vfroqQI;fUr
l% $ vuFkZ%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vH;kl%

o
n

1- laLrsu mkja ns;e~

(d) v;e~ ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ l~dfyr%\
([k) tfVy% phjolu% Hkqfo ifrr% d% vklhr~\
(x) jke% de~ ikf.kuk ifjtxzkg\
(?k) Hkjre~ d% vi`PNr~\
() jkKka fot;ewya d Hkofr\
(p) jkK% rs dhn`'k% vekR;% {ksedj% Hkosr~\
(N) lsukifr% dhn`x~ xq.k;qkQ% Hkosr~\

oqQ'kyiz'kklue~
(t) cysH;% ;Fkkdkye~ d nkrO;e~\
(>) eU=k% dhn`'k% Hkofr\
(k) eskkoh vekR;% jktkua dke~ izki;sr~\

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
2- fjkQLFkkuiwfrZ% fozQ;rke~
(d) jke% nn'kZ nqnZ'k ;qxkUrs ------------------------ ;FkkA
([k) v~osQ ------------------------ vkjksI; jke% lknja i;Zi`PNrA
(x) dfPpr~ dkys ------------------------ \
(?k) if.Mr% fg vFkZPNs"kq ------------------------ oqQ;kZr~A
() Js"BkNs"Bs"kq dfPpr~ ,oa ------------------------ fu;kst;flA
3- lizla ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;srke~
(d) eU=kks fot;ewya fg jkKka Hkofr jk?ko!
([k) dfPpks efU=krks eU=kks jk"Va u ifj/kofr!

4- izFkeuoe'yksd;ks% Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% fozQ;rke~

5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka mfpreFk dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr

-----------------------(d) nqnZ'kZe~

-----------------------([k) ifj"oT;

-----------------------(x) vk?kzk;

-----------------------(?k) ewu

-----------------------() fu%Js;le~

-----------------------(p) fop{k.k%

-----------------------(N) cyL;

(vkyxu djosQ)] (lw?kdj)] (dfBukbZ ls ns[kus ;ksX;)] (fuiq.k)]

(lsuk dk)] (f'kj esa)] (dY;k.k dks)

o
n

6- foijhrkFkZesyua fozQ;rke~
,d%
'kuS%
f{kize~
ew[kZ%
if.Mr%
y?kq
egr~
cgq
7- lfU/foPNsn% fozQ;rke~
;Fkk& oqQyhu'p

Hk`R;k'p

oqQyhu% $ p
------------------------

HkkLorh
/`"V'p
vuqjDr'p
'kwj'p

----------------------------------------------------------------------

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
8- v/ksfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izr izR;;a p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r
ifrre~] vk?kzk;] efU=k.k%] if.Mrk%] eskkoh] nkrO;e~] Le`r%A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

(d) jkek;.k&ifjp;%
egf"kZokYehfdfojfprs jkek;.kk[;s egkdkO;s v;ks;ku`irs% n'kjFkL; iq=kL;
jkeL; pfj=ka foLrjs.k of.kZre~A egkdkO;fena lIrdk.Ms"kq foHkkQe~A ;Fkk &
ckydk.Me~] v;ks;kdk.Me~] vj.;dk.Me~] fdf"dU/kdk.Me~] lqUnjdk.Me~]
;qdk.Me~ mkjdk.MpsfrA

o
n

([k) HkkofoLrkj%
jktk
dk; lksos{; 'kfDra p ns'kdkykS p ror%A
oqQ#rs /eZfl~;Fk fo'o:ia iqu% iqu%AA
;L; izlkns ik Jhfot;'p ijkesA
e`R;q'p olfr ks/s loZrstkse;ks fg l%AA

(euqLe`fr% 7@10] 11)

eU=kh
ekSykNkL=kfon% 'kwjkaYyC/y{kkUoqQyksn~Hkoku~A
lfpoku~ lIr pk"VkS ok izoqQohZr ijhf{krku~AA

(euqLe`fr% 7@54)

vekR;%
vekR;eq[;a /eZKa izkKa nkUra oqQyksn~xre~A
LFkki;snklus rfLefU[kUu% dk;sZ {k.ks u`.kke~AA

(euqLe`fr% 7@141)

osrue~
dfr nka fg Hk`R;sH;ks osrus ikfjrksf"kde~A
rRizkfIri=ka x`h;kr~ n|k}srui=kde~AA
lSfudk% f'kf{krk ;s ;s rs"kq iw.kkZ Hk`fr% Le`rk%A
O;wgkH;kls fu;qkQk ;s rs"okkZEHk`frekogsr~AA

('kquhfr%)

f}rh;% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%

izLrqr ikB egf"kZ O;kl fojfpr egkHkkjr osQ vk'oesf/d ioZ

(v;k; 91&93) ls l~dfyr gSA egkHkkjr osQ ;q osQ vuUrj
egkjkt ;qfkf"Bj v'oes/ ;K dk vk;kstu djrs gaSA ;K osQ lEiUUk
gksus ij ,d uoqQy (usoyk) ;KHkwfe esa vkrk gS] ftldk vk/k 'kjhj
lksus dk gSA og ;KHkwfe esa mifLFkr ;kfKdksa ls dgrk gS fd ;g
v'oes/ ;K Hkh ml czk.k osQ lkqQizLFk ;K osQ rqY; ugha gS] ftlesa
esjk vk/k 'kjhj Lo.kZe; gks x;k FkkA ml uoqQy dh ,slh vk'p;Ztud
okrkZ dks lqudj ;kfKdksa }kjk lkqQizLFk ;K osQ fo"k; esa ftKklk djus
ij uoqQy ;kfKdksa osQ le{k izLrqr dFkk dks lqukrk gSA

o
n

Jw;rka jkt'kknZwy egnk'p;Zeqkee~A

v'oes/s egk;Ks fuo`ks ;nHkwf}Hkks!AA1AA

10

HkkLorh

fcykfUu"ozQE; uoqQyks #Deik'oZLrnku?k!A

ekuq"ka opua izkg k``"Vks fcy'k;ks egku~AA2AA
lDrqizLFksu oks uk;a ;KLrqY;ks ujkf/ik%!A
mNo`ksoZnkU;L; oqQ#{ks=kfuokflu%AA3AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
/eZ{ks=ks oqQ#{ks=kss /eZKScZgqfHko`ZrsA
mNo`fkf}Zt% df'pRdkiksfrjHkoRiqjkAA4AA

lHkk;Z% lg iq=ks.k lLuq"kLrifl fLFkr%A

o/wprqFkksZ o``% l /ekZRek fu;rsfUnz;%AA5AA

"k"Bs dkys dnkfpPp rL;kgkjks u fo|rsAA

Hkq~DrsU;fLeUdnkfpRl "k"Bs dkys f}tkske%AA6AA
diksr/feZ.kLrL; nqfHkZ{ks lfr nk#.ksA
{kh.kkS"kf/leok;ks nzO;ghuksHkoknkAA7AA

vFk "k"Bs xrs dkys ;oizLFkeqiktZ;r~A

;oizLFka p rs lDrwuoqQoZUr rifLou%AA8AA
rtI;kfdkLrs rq gqRok ofa ;Fkkfof/A
oqQMoa oqQMoa losZ O;HktUr rifLou%AA9AA

vFkkxPNfn~}t% df'pnfrfFkHkqZtrka rnkA

rs ra n`"V~okfrfFka r=k izg`"VeulksHkou~AA10AA
oqQVha izos'k;keklq% {kq/krZefrfFka rnkA
bne?; p ik|a p c`lh ps;a roku?kA

o
n

'kqp;% lDro'pses fu;eksikftZrk% izHkks!A

izfrx`h"o Hknza rs e;k nkk f}tkske!AA11AA
bR;qDRok rkuqiknk; lkwQUizknkfn~}tkr;sA
rrLrq"VksHkof}izLrL; lk/ksseZgkReu%AA12AA

11

lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%

izhrkRek l rq ra okD;fenekg f}t"kZHke~A

okXeh rnk f}tJs"Bks /eZ% iq#"kfoxzg%AA13AA
'kqsu ro nkusu U;k;ksikksu ;Rur%A
;Fkk'kfDr foeqksQu izhrksfLe f}tlke!AA14AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
czp;sZ.k ;Ksu nkusu rilk rFkkA
vxjs.k /esZ.k rLekn~xPN fnoa f}tAA15AA

rfLefUoizs xrs Lox llqrs lLuq"ks rnkA

Hkk;kZprqFksZ /eZKs rrksga fu%l`rks fcykr~AA16AA

rrLrq lDrqxU/su Dysnsu lfyyL; pA

fnO;iq"ikoenkZPp lk/ksnkZuyoS'p rS%A
foizL; rilk rL; f'kjks es dkpuhre~AA17AA
rrks e;ksDra r}kD;a izgL; f}tlkek%!A
lDrqizLFksu ;Kks;a lfEerks usfr loZFkkAA18AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

jkt'kknwZy!
v'oes/s
fuo`ks
#Deik'oZ%
vu?k!
fcy'k;%
mNo`ks%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

onkU;L;

&

gs u`iJs"B!
v'oes/ ;K esaA
lEiUu gksus ijA
lqo.kZe; cxy okyk@ik'oZHkkx okykA
gs ikijfgr!
fcys 'ksrs ;% l%] fcy esa jgus okykA
mNsu o`fk;ZL; l%] rL;A
fdlku }kjk vius [ksrksa ls vUu lax`ghr dj ysus ij
ogk ls NwVs gq, vukt osQ nkuksa dks pqu dj ykuk vkSj
mUgha ls vkthfodk djuk mNo`fk dgykrh gS] blh
o`fk ls vkthfodk djus okys osQA
nkuh osQA

12

dkiksfr%

HkkLorh
&

diksro`fk okyk] ftl izdkj dcwrj b/j&m/j ls tks

oqQN fey tk;s mlls thou;kiu djrk gS] oSlh
o`fkokykA
iq=ko/w lfgrA
vdky iM+us ijA
Hk;kud esaA
,d izLFk tkS (lsj Hkj)A
lkqvksas dksA
ra tI;e~ vkfda p ;SLrs] os ftUgksaus ti ,oe~
fuR;deZ dj fy;k gksA
gou djosQA
fof/e~ vufrozQE;] fof/iwoZdA
izLFk dk prqFkZ Hkkx (iko Hkj)A
izg`"Va euks ;s"kka rs] izlUu eu okysA
oqQfV;k (osQ vUnj)A
Hkw[k ls ihfM+rA
iwtukFkZ tyA
iwtu osQ le; ikniz{kkyukFkZ tyA
vkluA
fu;eiwoZd izkIrA
izlUufpk okykA
f}t% "kHk% bo re~] Js"B czk.k dksA
Js"B oDrkA
iq#"kL; foxzg bo foxzgks ;L; l% iq#"k 'kjhj okykA
U;k;su mikka rsu] keZiwoZd izkIr lsA
'kfDre~ vufrozQE;] lkeF;kZuqlkjA
mkeA
LoxZ (dks)A
fudykA
lkqvksa dh xU/ lsA
nku fn;s gq, (lkqvksa osQ d.kksa ls)A
gl djA
rqY;A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
lLuq"k%
nqfHkZ{ks lfr
nk#.ks
;oizLFke~
lDrwu~
rtI;kfdk%

&
&
&
&
&
&

gqRok
;Fkkfof/
oqQMoe~
iz"Veul%
oqQVhe~
{kq/krZe~
v?;Ze~
ik|e~
c`lh
fu;eksikftZrk%
izhrkRek
f}t"kZHke~
okXeh
iq#"kfoxzg%
U;k;ksikksu
;Fkk'kfDr
vxjs.k
fnoe~
fu%l`r%
lDrqxU/su
nkuyoS%
izgL;
lfEer%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

13

lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k ns;kfu
(d) uoqQy% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
([k) fcykfUu"ozQE; uoqQy% d dFk;fr\
(x) mNo`fkf}Zt% oqQ=k U;olr~\
(?k) diksr/ehZ f}t% nzO;ghu% dFke~ vHkor~\
() ;nk rL; f}tL; ifjokj% lDrwu~ HkksDrqa izo`k% vHkor~ rnk r=k d%
vkxr%\
(p) f}t% lDrwu~ dLeS izknkr~\

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
2- v/ksfr s"kq lfU/foPNsna n'kZ;r
egnk'p;Ze~] fcykfUu"ozQE;] mNo`ksoZnkU;L;] Hkq~DrsU;fLeu~] nkuyoS'p]
{kh.kkS"kf/leok;%A
3- v/ks U;Lrs"kq lfU/a oqQ#r

rL; $ vkgkj%] ;r~ $ vHkwr~ $ foHkkss] mNo`fk% $ f}t%] fu;r $ bfUnz;%]

rr% $ vge~] U;k; $ mikksuA

4- vkksfr ;ks% 'yksd;ks% Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%

(d) lDrqizLFksu oks uk;a ;KLrqY;ks ujkf/ik%A
mNo`ksoZnkU;L; oqQ#{ks=kfuokflu%A
([k) fnO;iq"ikoenkZPp lk/ksnkZuyoS'p rS%A
foizL; rilk rL; f'kjks es dkpuhre~A

5- ^lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%* bR;L; ikBL; lkjka'k% ekr`Hkk"k;k ys[kuh;%

o
n

6- fjkQLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) jkt'kknZwy! ------------------------ Jw;rke~A
([k) v;a o% ;K% ------------------------ rqY;% ukfLrA
(x) iqjk mNo`fkf}Zt% ------------------------ vHkor~A
(?k) rnk {kq/krZe~ ------------------------ oqQVha izos'k;keklq%A
() rL; foizL; rilk es ------------------------ dkpuhre~A
(p) lDrqizLFksuk;a ------------------------ lfEerks ukfLrA

14

HkkLorh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) egkHkkjre~ %& egf"kZO;kliz.khrs egkHkkjrukeosQ egkdkO;s y{kkf/dk% 'yksdk%
lfUrA vfLeu~ egkdkO;s v"Vkn'kiokZf.k lfUr & vkfnioZ] lHkkioZ] ouioZ]
fojkV~ioZ] m|ksxioZ] Hkh"eioZ] nzk.s kioZ] d.kZioZ] 'kY;ioZ] lkSfIrdioZ] L=khioZ]
'kkfUrioZ] vuq'kkluioZ] vk'oesfkdioZ] vkJeokfldioZ] ekSlyioZ] egk&
izLFkkuioZ LoxkZjksg.kioZ pA
egkHkkjre~ osnkskjdkfydk[;kukuka erkuka p fo'kkya Hkk.Mkja fo|rsA fo"k;L;kL;
O;kidrk vL;kfUreioZ.k% opusukusu Li"Vk Hkofr&

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
^^;fngkfLr rnU;=k ;UusgkfLr u rr~ Dofpr~A**

([k) v'oes/;K %& v'oes/;K% izkphudkys jkT;foLrkjk; jk"Vle`;s p

dj.kh;% ;K% vklhr~A vfLeu~ jkKka cyL; ijkeL; p ijh{kk Hkofr LeA
;KdrkZ u`i% Lojkf"V;izrhde'oa lSU;cyS% lg Hkwe.MyHkze.kk; izs"k;fr
LeA ;ks u`i% LojkT;s lekxre'oa fuckZ/a xUrqa izkfn'kr~ l% ;Kd=ksZ jkKs
djns;rka LohdjksfrLeA ;% re'oe#.kr~ l% vk'oesf/du`iL;k/hurka
ukh djksfr LeA rnk mHk;kscZy;kseZ;s ;qa Hkofr Le r=kSo p u`ik.kka
ijke% ijh{;rs LeA
'kriFkczk.ks v'oina jk"VkFksZ iz;qkQe~ & ^jk"Va oS v'o%* bfrA

o
n

r`rh;% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
lwfkQlq/k

izLrqr ikB pk.kD; }kjk jfpr pk.kD;uhfr rFkk ukjk;.k if.Mr iz.khr
fgrksins'k ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA eg"k pk.kD; }kjk dgs x,
eqkQd i| thou dks ewY;oku cukus osQ fy, ije mi;ksxh gSaA i|
la[;k ,d ls rhu esa & fdl LFkku ij fuokl djuk pkfg,] dkSu
euq"; dk lPpk fe=k gS rFkk xq.kksa dh mi;ksfxrk dk o.kZu gSA i|
la[;k pkj ls vkB fgrdkjh mins'kksa dks lwfpr djrs gSa ;Fkk ew[kZ
O;fDr dk izoh.k gksuk] euLoh O;fkQ dk O;ogkj] iq#"k osQ Ng nks"kksa
dk o.kZu rFkk lkalkfjd thoulq[kksa osQ o.kZuA thou dks e/qj rFkk
ms';iw.kZ cukus osQ fy, dfri; ewY;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj
;s uhfrijd i| rFkk fgrdkjh mins'k thou dks lqlaLr ,oa lkFkZd
cukus esa mi;ksxh rFkk lgk;d fl gksaxsA
;fLeu~ ns'ks u lEekuks u o`fkuZ p ckU/ok%A
u p fo|kxe% df'pn~ okla r=k u dkj;sr~AA1AA
vkrqjs O;lus izkIrs nqHk{ks 'k=kqladVsA
jkt}kjs 'e'kkus p ;fLr"Bfr l ckU/o%AA2AA

o
n

dksfrHkkj% leFkkZuka d nwja O;olkf;uke~A

dks fons'k% lfo|kuka dksfiz;% fiz;okfnuke~AA3AA
dkp% dkpulalxkZn~ /ks ekjdrha |qfre~A
rFkk lRlf/kusu ew[kksZ ;kfr izoh.krke~AA4AA

oqQlqeLrcdL;so };h o`fkeZufLou%A

losZ"kka ewu ok fr"Bsn~ fo'kh;sZr ousFkokAA5AA

16

HkkLorh

/ukfu thfora pSo ijkFksZ izkK mRl`tsr~A

lffeka oja R;kxks fouk'ks fu;rs lfrAA6AA
"kM~nks"kk% iq#"ks.ksg gkrO;k HkwfrfePNrkA
funzk rUnzk Hk;a ks/ vkyL;a nh?kZlw=krkAA7AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vFkkZxeks fuR;ejksfxrk p fiz;k p Hkk;kZ fiz;okfnuh pA
o';'p iq=kksFkZdjh p fo|k "kM~ thoyksdL; lq[kkfu jktu~!AA8AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

fo|kxe%
o`fk%
'k=kqladVs
O;olkf;uke~
/ks
lRlf/kusu
oqQlqeLrcd%
fo'kh;Zrs
mRl`tsr~
lffeka
nh?kZlw=krk

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vFkkZxe%
vFkZdjh
fiz;okfnuh
vjksfxrk

&
&
&
&

fo|k;k% vkxe%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl] fo|k dh izkfIrA

o`r~ $ fkQu~] vkthfodkA
'k=kks% ladV% rfLeu~] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] 'k=kq dk ladV gksus ijA
O;olk; $ f.kfu] "k c o] m|e'khyksa osQ fy,A
/kj.k djrk gSA
lrka lf/kue~] rsu] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] lTtuksa dh laxfr lsA
oqQlqekuka Lrcd%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] iwQyksa dk xqPNkA
fo $ k` $ deZokP; fo fy~ iz iq , o] u"V gksoAs
R;kx nsA
Js"B y{; osQ fy,A
nh?kZlw=k $ ry~] L=kh iz , o] dk;Z osQ fo"k; esa
vf/d le; rd lksprs jguk] le; ij dk;Z u djukA
vFkZL; vkxe%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] /u dh izkfIrA
/u mRi djus okyhA
fiz; cksyus okyhA
fdlh izdkj osQ jksx dk u gksuk (uhjksx gksuk)A

vH;kl%

1- laLrsu mkja ns;e~

(d) v;a ikB% dkH;ka xzUFkkH;ka ladfyr%\
([k) oqQ=k okl% u dkZO;%\

17

lwfkQlq/k
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)
(t)

ckUko% oqQ=k oqQ=k fr"Bfr\

dkp% dL; lalxkZr~ ekjdrhe~ |qr /ksA
izkK% ijkFksZ de~ fda mRl`tsr~\
ew[kZ% dFke~ izoh.krke~ ;kfr\
i#"ks.k osQ "kM~ nks"kk% gkrO;k%\
thoyksdL; "kV~ lq[kkfu dkfu lfUr\

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
2- fjkQLFkkuiwr% f;rke~
(d) ;% ------------------------ fr"Bfr l% ckU/o%A
([k) thoyksdL; ------------------------ "kV~ lq[kkfu HkofUrA
(x) eufLou% ------------------------ bo };h o`fk% HkofrA
(?k) "kM~nks"kk% ------------------------ gkrO;k%A
() lfUufeka oja R;kxks ------------------------ lfrA

3- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% i|ka'k;ks% ekr`Hkk"k;k HkkokFkZe~ fy[kr

(d) dksfiz;% fiz;okfnuke~A
([k) lffeka oja R;kxks fouk'ks fu;rs lfrA
(x) losZ"kka ewu ok fr"Bsn~ fo'kh;sZr ousFkokA

o
n

4- d&HkkxLFkinS% lg [k&HkkxL;kFkkZuka esyua fozQ;rke~

d
[k
fo|kxe%
fonq"kke~
O;lus
'kksHkke~
lfo|kuke~
fo|kizkfIr%
|qfre~
iq"ixqPNL;
oqQlqeLrcdL;
foikkS
ewu
dY;k.ke~
Hkwfre~
f'kjfl
5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja foxzginkfu
foxzginkfu
;Fkk& fo|k;k% vkxe%
jkK% }kjs
lrka lfUu/kusu

vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r

leLrinkfu

fo|kxe%
-----------------------
-----------------------

18

HkkLorh
dkpuL; lalxkZr~
vFkZL; vkxe%
thfork; bne~
u jksfxrk
vFkZe~ djksfr ;k lk

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
6- v/kssfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izfrizR;;ks% foPNsna oqQ#r
izkIrs] izoh.krke~] o`fk%] fu;rs] gkrO;kA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

lekukUrj'yksdk%

(1) ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;

xqg~;a fuxwg;fr xq.kkUizdVhdjksfrA
vkin~xra p u tgkfr nnkfr dkys
lfUe=ky{k.kfena izonfUr lUr%AA

(uhfr'krde~&73)

(2) eufl opfl dk;s iq.;ih;w"kiw.kkZ%

f=kHkqoueqidkjJsf.kfHk% izh.k;Ur%A
ijxq.kijek.kwu~ ioZrhR; fuR;a
futfn fodlUr% lfUr lUr% fd;Ur%AA

(uhfr'krde~&79)

o
n

(3) egktuL; lalxZ% dL; uksUufrdkjd%A

ii=kfLFkra okfj /ks eqkQkiQyfJ;e~AA
(lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~&90@2)
(4) lalkjdVqo`{kL; }s iQys e`rksiesA
lqHkkf"kra p lqLoknq laxfr% lqtus tusAA
(pk.kD;uhfrniZ.k%)
(5) larIrk;fl lafLFkrL; i;lks ukekfi u Jw;rs
eqDrkdkjr;k rnso ufyuhi=kfLFkra jktrsA
LokR;ka lkxj'kqfDre;ifrra rTtk;rs ekSfDrde~
izk;s.kk/ee;ekskexq.k% lalXkZrks tk;rsAA
(HkrZ`gfjuhfr'krde~)

lwfkQlq/k

19

(6) lR;a czw;kfRiz;a czw;kr~ u czw;kRlR;efiz;e~A

fiz;a p uku`ra czw;kr~ ,"k /eZ% lukru%AA
(euqLe`fr% 4@138)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
(7) Dofpn~HkwekS 'k;k Dofpnfi p i;Z'k;ue~A
DofpPNkdkgkjh Dofpnfi p 'kkY;ksnu#fp%A
DofpRdUFkk/kjh Dofpnfi p fnO;kEcj/jks
euLoh dk;kZFkhZ x.k;fr u nq%[ka u p lq[ke~AA

(8) vkRekFk thoyksosQfLeu~ dks u thofr ekuo%A

ija ijksidkjkFk ;ks thofr l thofrA
(lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~)
(9) jfo'pUnzks ?kuk% o`{kk% u|ks xko'p lTtuk%A
,rs ijksidkjk; ;qxs nSosu fufeZrk%AA
(10) vkyL;a fg euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFkks egku~ fjiq%A
ukLR;q|eleks cU/q% Rok ;a ukolhnfrAA

(uhfr'krde~)

o
n

prqFkZ% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
rqp;kZ

;g ikB eg"k vfXuos'k }kjk ewy :i esa fyf[kr rFkk eg"k pjd }kjk
izfr&laLr pjdlafgrk uked vk;qosZn osQ xzUFk ls ladfyr fd;k
x;k gSA bl xzUFk osQ NBs v;k; esa fofHk rqvksa esa vkgkj ls
lacafkr fu;e crk, x, gSaA viuh fnup;kZ esa dfpr~ ifjorZu djosQ
O;fDr nh?kZ vk;q rFkk LoLFk thou dks izkIr djrk gSA ladfyr i|ksa
esa gseUr] f'kf'kj] olUr] xzh"e] o"kkZ vkSj 'kjn~ bu N% rqvksa esa euq";
dks viuh Hkkstup;kZ fdl izdkj dh j[kuh pkfg,] bldk foospu
fd;k x;k gSA
gseUr%

xksjlkfu{kqforhoZlka rSya uokSnue~A

gseUrsH;L;rLrks;eq".ka pk;quZ gh;rsAA1AA
otZ;snikukfu okrykfu y?kwfu pA
izokra izferkgkjeqneUFka fgekxesAA2AA

f'kf'kj%

o
n

gseUrf'kf'kjkS rqY;kS f'kf'kjsYia fo'ks"k.ke~A

jkS{;eknkuta 'khra es?kek#ro"kZte~AA3AA

rLekSefUrd% loZ% f'kf'kjs fof/fj";rsA

fuokreq".ka Rof/da f'kf'kjs x`gekJ;sr~AA4AA
dVqfrkQd"kk;kf.k okrykfu y?kwfu pA
otZ;snikukfu f'kf'kjs 'khrykfu pAA5AA

21

rqp;kZ

olUr%
olUrs fufpr% 'ys"ek fnun~HkkfHkjhfjr%A
dk;kfXua ck/rs jksxkaLrr% izoqQ#rs cgwu~AA6AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
rLek}lUrs dekZf.k oeuknhfu dkj;sr~A
xqoZEyfLuX/e/qja fnokLoIua p otZ;sr~AA7AA

xzh"e%

e;w[kStZxr% Lusga xzh"es isih;rs jfo%A

Loknq 'khra nzoa fLuX/eikua rnk fgre~AA8AA

?k`ra i;% l'kkY;a Hktu~ xzh"es u lhnfrA

yo.kkEydVw".kkfu O;k;kea p footZ;sr~AA9AA

o"kkZ

Hkwok"ikUes?kfuL;Unkr~ ikdknEykTtyL; pA
o"kkZLofXucys {kh.ks oqQI;fUr ioukn;%AA10AA
O;kQkEyyo.kLusga okro"kkZoqQysgfuA
fo'ks"k'khrs HkkskQO;a o"kkZLofuy'kkUr;sAA11AA

'kjn~

o"kkZ'khrksfprk~xkuka lglSokoZQjf'efHk%A
rIrkukekfpra fika izk;% 'kjfn oqQI;frAA12AA

o
n

rFkkikua e/qja y?kq 'khra lfrkQde~A

fikiz'keua lsO;a ek=k;k lqizdkf~{krS%1113AA
'kkjnkfu p ekY;kfu oklkafl foeykfu pA
'kjRdkys iz'kL;Urs iznks"ks psUnqj'e;%AA14AA

22

HkkLorh

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
xkssjlku~
uokSnue~
olka
okrykfu
izokra
jkS{;a
fufpr%
'ys"ek
mneUFke~
oeuknhfu
fnokLoIue~
e;w[kS%
fuokre~
isih;rs

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ek=k;k
l'kkY;e~
vfuy'kkUr;s
vdZjf'efHk%
iznks"ks
vknkuta
lqizdkf~{krS%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

xk; dk nw/] ngh ,oa NkNA

u;s pkoyA
dksbZ rsy vFkok ?khA
okrdkjd okra ykfUr ;kfu rkfu miin rRiq#"kA
rktk gok] goknkjA
#{kL; Hkko%] :{k $ ";k~] :[kkA
fu $ fp $ Dr] Ck<+k gqvkA
diQA
tkS osQ ikuh ls fufeZr inkFkZA
oeue~ vkfn% ;s"kka rkfu (c l) mYVh vkfnA
fnu esa lksukA
fdj.kksa osQ }kjkA
ok;qjfgrA
ik $ ;~] yV~] iz iq , o] ckj&ckj vFkok
vR;f/d ihrk gSA
ek=kk osQ vuqlkjA
'kkfyfHk% lfgra] l'kkfy p rr~ vUue~] /ku lfgr vA
vfuyL; 'kkUr;s] ok;q dh 'kkafr osQ fy,A
voZQL; jf'efHk%] lw;Z dh fdj.kksa osQ }kjkA
jkf=k esaA
vknkukr~ tk;rs] ysus ([kkus&ihus) ls gksus okykA
lq $ iz $ dka{k~ $ Dr] r` c o] pkgs gq,A

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
lfU/foPNsn%

o
n

uokSnue~
pk;quZ
f'kf'kjsYie~
fof/fj";rs
HkkfHkjhfjr%
l'kkY;e~
rLekSefUrosQ

uo $ vksnue~
p $ vk;q% $ u
f'kf'kjs $ vYie~
fof/% $ b";rs
HkkfHk% $ bZfjr%
l'kkfy $ ve~
rLekr~ $ gSefUrosQ

23

rqp;kZ
jksxkaLrr%
o"kkZLofXucys
lglSokoZQjf'efHk%
psUnqj'e;%

jksxku~ $ rr%
o"kkZlq $ vfXucys
lglk $ ,o $ voZQjf'efHk%
p $ bUnqj'e;%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vH;kl%

1- laLrsu mkjkf.k ns;kfu

(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ l~dfyr% d'p rL; iz.ksrk\
([k) dfr ro% HkofUr\ dkfu p rs"kka ukekfu\
(x) f'kf'kjs d d otZuh;e~\
(?k) olUrs dk;kfXua d% ck/rs\
() xzh"es dhn`'ke~ vikua fgra Hkofr\
(p) dfLeu~ rkS ioukn;% oqQI;fUr\
(N) 'kjn`rkS fikiz'keuk; d d lsO;e~ vfLr\
(t) fgekxes dhn`'kkfu vUUkikukfu otZ;sr~\
(>) f'kf'kjs dhn`'ke~ x`gekJ;sr~\
(k) olUrs dkfu dekZf.k dkj;sr~\
(V) O;k;kea dnk otZ;sr~\
(B) bUnqj'e;% dnk iz'kL;Urs\
2- fjkQLFkkuiwr% f;rke~
(d) fgekxes ------------------------- y?kwfu p vikukfu otZ;sr~A
([k) f'kf'kjs fuokre~ ------------------------- p x`ge~ vkJ;sr~A
(x) ------------------------- fnokLoIua otZ;sr~A
(?k) xzh"es ?k`ra i;% ------------------------- Hktu~ uj% u lhnfrA
() ------------------------- foeykfu oklkafl iz'kL;UrsA

o
n

3- ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;Urke~
(d) gseUrf'kf'kjkS rqY;kS f'kf'kjsYia fo'ks"k.ke~A
([k) e;w[kStZxr% Lusga xzh"es isih;rs jfo%A
(x) 'kjRdkys iz'kL;Urs iznks"ks psUnqj'e;%A

4- rqp;kZikBe~ vf/R; izR;sde~ rkS d d dj.kh;e~ d d p u

dj.kh;e~ bfr ekr`Hkk"k;k lqLi"V;r

24

HkkLorh

5- v/ksfyf[krkfu foxzginkfu vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r

;Fkk & uoe~
vksnue~
uokSnue~
deZ/kj; lekl%
foxzginkfu
(d) vUukfu p ikukfu p
([k) gseUr% p f'kf'kj% p
(x) fgeL; vkxes
(?k) dk;L; vfXue~
() voZQL; jf'efHk%

leLrinkfu
lekl uke
------------------------- }U}%
------------------------- }U}%
------------------------- "k rRiq#"k%
------------------------- "k rRiq#"k%
------------------------- "k rRiq#"k%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
6- v/ksfyf[krinkukeFkZesyua f;rke~

(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)
(t)

o
n

inkfu
'ys"ek
jkS{;e~
fuokre~
fufpr%
iou%
xq#%
y?kq
oklkafl

vFkkZ%
gokjfgr
c<+k gqvk (tek gqvk)
okr
Hkkjh
gYdk
oL=k
:[kkiu
diQ

7- v/ksfyf[krinkuke~ foijhrkFkZdinS% lg esyua f;rke~

inkfu
foijhrkFkZdinkfu
m".ke~
vf/de~
lhnfr
'khrkuke~
rIrkuke~
izlhnfr
xq#
'khre~
vYie~
y?kq

8- izfra izR;;a p ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r

gseUr $ Bd~] fLug~ $ Dr] Hkqt~ $ rO;r~] lso~ $ ;r~] 'kjn~ $ v.k~A

25

rqp;kZ

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) pjdlafgrk
pjdlafgrk vk;qosZn'kkL=kL; izfl% xzUFkks fo|rsA xzUFksfLeu~ v"VLFkkukfu
lfUr & lw=kLFkkue~] funkuLFkkue~] foekuLFkkue~] 'kjhjLFkkue~] bfUnz;LFkkue~]
fpfdRlkLFkkue~] dYiLFkkue~] flfLFkkua psfrA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
([k) HkkofoLrkj%
(1) ;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps"VL; deZlqA
;qDrLoIukocks/L; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgkAA
vk;q% locykjksX;lq[kizhfrfoo/Zuk%A
jL;k% fLuX/k fLFkjk |k vkgkjk% lkfodfiz;k%AA
(Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk 17&15]8)

o
n

(2) vkgkj'kqkS lo'kqf%] lo'kqkS /zqok Le`fr%A

(NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ 7@26@2)
(3) vukjksX;euk;q";eLoX; pkfrHkkstue~A
viq.;a yksdfof}"Va rLEkkRrRifjotZ;sr~AA
(euqLe`fr% 2@57)
(4) Hkkstua izk.kj{kkFk fo|rs uk=kla'k;%A
vf/da gku;s rLekr~ ;qkQkgkjijks Hkosr~AA
(pjdlafgrk O;k[;k)
(5) ferkgkjks uj% lks<aq 'kkQ% d"V'kra lq[ke~A
vuH;Lrks fg d"Vkuke;'kuks foi|rsAA
(lqeuks okfVdk)
(6) rL;kf'krk|knkgkjkr~ cyo.kZp o/ZrsA
rL;rqZlkRE;a fofnra ps"VkgkjO;ikJ;e~AA
(lw=kLFkku 6@3)
(7) izkr% dkys O;k;ke% fuR;a nUrfo'kks/ue~A
LoPNtysu lqLukua cqHkq{kk;kp Hkkstue~AA

ipe% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
ohj% loZneu%

izLrqr ikB dfooqQyxq# egkdfo dkfynkl dh vej fr txr~ izfl

vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ ukVd osQ lIre v ls fy;k x;k gSA bl
ukVd dh ewy dFkk egkHkkjr osQ 'kkoqQUryksik[;kue~ ls yh xbZ gSA bl
ukVd esa jktk nq";Ur 'koqQUryk ls xkU/oZ fookg djrk gS ij nqokZlk
f"k osQ 'kki osQ dkj.k mls Hkwy tkrk gSA mlosQ }kjk BqdjkbZ xbZ
'koqQUryk vius iq=k loZneu osQ lkFk eg"k ejhfp osQ vkJe esa jg jgh
gSA nsoklqj laxkz e esa fot; izkIr dj ykSVrs gq, nq";Ur ekxZ esa ekjhp
f"k osQ vkJe esa foJke gsrq vkrs gSa ogha ij mUgsa iq=k ,oa 'koqQUryk
dh izkfIr gksrh gSA jDr dk lEcU/ nq";Ur ,oa loZneu dks feykrk gSA
ckyd loZneu dk 'kkS;iZ .w kZ 'kS'ko ;gk fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA

o
n

nq";Ur% & (fufeka lwpf;Rok)

euksjFkk; uk'kals d ckgks LiUnls o`FkkA
iwokZo/hfjra Jss;ks nq%[kk; ifjorZrs AA1AA
(usiF;s)
ek [kyq pkiya oqQ#A dFka xr ,okReu% izfre~\
nq";Ur% & (d.k nok)
vHkwfefj;efou;L;A dks uq [kYos"k fuf"k;rsA
('kCnkuq l kjs . kkoyks D ; lfoLe;e~ ) v;s ] dks uq
[kYo;e~ vuqc;ekuLrifLouhH;ke~ vckyloks
cky%A
vkZihrLrua ekrqjkenZfDy"VosQlje~A
izozQhfMrqa lgf'k'kqa cykRdkjs.k d"kZfrAA2AA

ohj% loZneu%

27

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
cky%
izFkek

&
&

nq";Ur% &

o
n

f}rh;k

&

cky%

&

izFkek

&

cky%
f}rh;k

&
&

t`EHkLo flag! nUrkLrs x.kf;";sA

vfouhr! d uks iR;fuo'ks " kkf.k "kokfu
foizdjksf"k\ gUrA o/Zrs rs lajEHk% A LFkkus [kyq
f"ktusu loZneu bfr ruke/s;ksflA
d u [kyq ckysfLeu~ vkSjl bo iq=ks fLufr es
eu%\ uwueuiR;rk eka oRly;frA
,"kk [kyq osQlfj.kh Roka y~?kf;";fr ;|L;k% iq=koaQ
u eqpflA
(lfLere~) vgks cyh;% [kyq HkhrksfLeA (bR;kja
n'kZ;fr)A
oRl! ,ua ckye`xsUnza eqp] vija rs hMuda
nkL;kfeA
oqQ=k] nsfg rr~ (bfr gLra izlkj;fr)
lqozrs! u 'kD; ,"k okpkek=ks.k fojef;rqe~A xPN
Roe~A enh;s mVts e`fkdke;wjfLr"BfrA reL;ksigjA

28

HkkLorh

cky%

&

rkilh

&

vusuSo rkor~ hfM";kfeA (bfr rkilha foyksD;

glfr)A
HkorqA u eke;a x.k;fr (jktkueoyksD;) Hknzeq[k!
eksp;kusu ck;ekua ckye`xsUnze~A
vkdkjln`'ka psf"VresokL; dFk;frA (vkRexre~)
vusu dL;kfi oqQyk~oqQjs.k
Li`"VL; xk=kss"kq lq[ka eeSoe~A
dka fuoZ`k psrfl rL; oqQ;kZn~
;L;k;ekr~ fru% iz:<%AA3AA
(ckyeqiyky;u~) izdk'ke~
vFk dksL; O;ins'k%\
iq#oa'k%A
(vkRexre~) dFkesdkUo;ks ee\ (izfo';)
oRl loZneu! 'koqQUryko.;a izs{kLoA
oqQ=k ok eekEck\
(vkRexre~) d ok 'koqQUrysR;L; ekrqjk[;k\
jksprs es ,"k e;wj%A (bfr hMudeknks)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
nq";Ur% &

nq";Ur%
rkilh
nq";Ur%
rkilh
cky%
nq";Ur%
cky%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

uk'kals
LiUnls
o`Fkk
iwokZo/hfjra
vkReu%
izfre~
fuf"k;rs
vuqc;eku%
vckyloks cky%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

u $ vk'kals] laHkkouk ugha djrk gwA

iQM+drh gksA
csdkjA
iwoZe~ vo/hfjre~ (deZ/k l) igys ls R;kxk gqvkA
Lo;a dhA
iz $ $ fDru~ f} , o] LoHkko dks A
fu $ flk~ $ deZokP; yV~ iz iq , o] jksdk tkrk gSA
jksdk tkrk gqvkA
ckyL; loe~ bo loa ;L; l ckylo%] u ckylo
bfr vckylo%] ftldk izrki cPpksa tSlk u gks cM+s
tSlk gks (egku~ 'kwj)A

29

ohj% loZneu%
t`EHkLo
viR;fuo'ks"kkf.k
lokfu
foizdjksf"k
lajEHk%
ruke/s;ksfl
vkSjl
fLug~;fr
vuiR;rk
oRly;fr

&

hMude~
okpkek=ks.k
fojef;rqe~
migj
vkdkjln`'ke~
psf"VresokL;
vkRexre~
fuo`Zfre~
fru%
iz:<%
O;ins'k%
,dkUo;%
'koqQUryko.;e~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

tEHkkbZ yksA
viR;S% fufoZ'ks"kkf.k] larku tSlsA
izkf.k;ksa dksA
d"V ns jgs gksA
gB@ks/A
ukedj.k fd;k x;k gSA
vkReh;A
Lusg djrk gSA
u viR;rk] uk~ rRiq#"k] fu%lUrkurkA
oRlya djksfr (uke/krq) yV~ iq iz , o] Lusg ls
;qDr cukrk gSA
f[kykSukA
dgus ek=k lsA
jksdus osQ fy,A
ns nksA
vkdkjs.k ln`'ke~ (r` rRiq)] vkdkj osQ lekuA
bldh ps"Vk ghA
eu gh euA
vkuUnA
r $ f.kfu] "k"Bh , o] cukus okysA
iz $ #g~ $ Dr] iz iq , o] mRiUUk gqvk gSA
oa'kA
,d ,o vUo;% ;L; l%] cgq l] ,d gh oa'k dkA
'koqQUrL; yko.;e~ "k rRiq] i{kh dh lqUnjrkA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vH;kl%

o
n

1- laLrHkk"k;k mkja ns;e~

(d) dL; dos% dLekr~ iqLrdkn~ x`ghrks;a ikB%\
([k) cky% dhn`'ka flagf'k'kqa d"kZfrLe\
(x) rkilh ckyk; hMkFk d nkorh\
(?k) hMkijL; ckyL; ekrq% d uke/s;e~\
() ckyk; d jksprs\

30

HkkLorh

2- fjDrLFkkukuka iwfrZ% dj.kh;k

(d) viR;fuo'ks"kkf.k ------------------------ foizdjksf"kA
([k) iq=ks fLug~;fr es ------------------------ A
(x) ;|L;k% ------------------------ u eqpflA
(?k) vija hMuda rs ------------------------ A
() ------------------------ psf"VresokL; dFk;frA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
3- fuEukfrs"kq lfU/PNsnks fo/s;%
xr ,okReu%] vkSjl bo] nUrkLrs] ;|L;k%] 'koqQUrysR;L;] [kYo;e~] ckysfLeu~]
HkhrksfLe] dL;kfi] ,dkUo;%] ,okL;] reL;ksigj] eSoe~] bR;/je~] eekEck]
vusuSoA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq foxzga Rok lekluke fy[kr
iwokZo/hfjre~] vHkwfe%] vfou;L;] 'kCnkuqlkjs.k] lfoLe;e~] vckylo%]
flagf'k'kqe~] vuiR;rk] lfLere~] e`fkdke;wj%] ckye`xsUnze~] ,dkUo;%]
vkdkjln`'ke~] ckyLi'kZe~A
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka laLrokD;s"kq iz;ksx% dj.kh;%
lfoLe;e~] d"kZfr] fLug~;fr] osQlfj.kh] mVts] O;ins'k%] izs{kLo] eekEckA

6- izfrizR;;ifjp;ks ns;%
lwpf;Rok] izhfMrqe]~ voyksD;] vuqc;eku%] fu"kUrk] miyH;] miyky;u~A
7- Loekr`Hkk"k;k lizla O;k[;k;rke~
(d) euksjFkk; uk'kals ------------------------ nq%[kk; ifjorZrsA
([k) v/ZihrLrua ------------------------ cykRdkjs.k d"kZfrA
(x) d u [kyq ckysfLeu~ ------------------------ eka oRly;frA

8- Loekr`Hkk"k;k vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r

vusu dL;kfi oqQykjsq .k ------------------------ ;L;k;ekr~ fru% iz:<%AA

o
n

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

ukVosQ lekxrkuka ikfjHkkf"kd'kCnkuka foospue~&

1- v%
v bfr :f<'kCnks HkkoS% jlS'p jksg;R;FkkZu~
ukukfo/ku;qkQks ;Lekr~ rLekn~ Hkosn% AA

ohj% loZneu%

31

;=kkFkZL; lekfIr;Z=k p chtL; Hkofr lagkj%A

fdfpnoyXufCkUnq% lks bfr lnkoxUrO;%AA (ukV~;'kkL=ke~ 20@14&16)
laLrukVosQ"kq ip izHk`fr n'k i;ZUre~ vk% HkofUrA ,dfLeUus izk;'k%
dFkk;k% Hkkx% iw.kZrkesfr vL; lekIrkS jepr% lokZf.k ik=kkf.k fuXkZPNfUrA
2- usiF;e~
oqQ'khyooqQVqEcL; x`ga usiF;eqP;rsA
;=kkfHkusrkj% ukVdkuq:ia os'ka /kj;fUr rRLFkkua usiF;fefr dF;rsA
3- vkRexre~
vJkO;a [kyq ;n~oLrq rfngkRexra ere~A
;nk df'pnfHkusrk Loa izfr (eufl) okrk djksfr
vijku~ tuku~ Lookrk Jkof;rqa u okNfr rnk
laoknks;a Loxre~] vkRexrfe* fr oksP;rsA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

"k"B% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
'kqd'kkodksnUr%

izLrqr ikB dfooqQyf'kjksef.k egkdfo ck.kHkV~V dh vf}rh; dFkkRed

jpuk ^dknEcjh* osQ dFkkeq[k Hkkx dk ,d va'k gSA egkjkt 'kwnzd osQ
njckj esa ,d pk.Mky&dU;k Lo.kZ&fitj esa cUn rksrs dks migkj
Lo:i izLrqr djrh gSA foJke osQ {k.kksa esa ogh rksrk egkjkt dks
vkichrh lqukrk gS fd og fdl izdkj ?ku?kkssj foU;kVoh esa fLFkr
iEik ljksoj osQ rV ij th.kZ lsey osQ o`{k osQ dksVj ls o`` 'kcj osQ
}kjk fudky dj isaQosQ tkus ij Hk;adj nqigjh esa tkckfy eqfu osQ
iq=k gkjhr osQ }kjk vkJe esa yk;k x;kA lEiw.kZ dFkk oqQrwgyiw.kZ ,oa
jkspd gSA

o
n

vfLr e;ns'kkykjHkwrk es[kyso Hkqoks foU;kVoh ukeA rL;ka p

iEikfHk/kua ilj%A rL; if'pes rhjs egkth.kZ% 'kkYeyho`{k%A
rL;SoSdfLeu~ dksVjs fuolr% dFkefi firqjgeso lwuqjHkoe~A eeSo
tk;ekuL; izloosnu;k tuuh es yksdkUrjexer~A rkrLrq
lqrLusgknUrfuZx` 'kksda eRlao/Zuij ,okHkor~A ijuhMfuifrrkH;%
'kkfyoYyjhH;Lr.Mqyd.kku~ 'kqdoqQykonfyrkfu p iQy'kdykfu
lekR; eenkr~A enqiHkqDr'ks"kesokdjksn'kue~A
,dnk rq izR;w"kfl lglSo rfLeu~ ous e`x;kdksykg&
yofu#npjr~A vkd.;Z p regeqitkrosiFkqjHkZdr;k Hk;foy%
firq% i{kiqVkUrjefo'ke~A vfpjkPp iz'kkUrs rfLeu~ {kksfHkrdkuus
e`x;kdydys firq#Rlk nh"kfno fu"E; dksVjLFk ,o f'kjkskjka
izlk;Z fdfenfefr fnn`{kqjfHkeq[kekirPNcjlSU;enzk{ke~A e;s p
rL; izFkes o;fl orZekua 'kcjlsukifrei';e~A

'kqd'kkodksnUr%

33

vklhPp es eufl&^vgks eksgizk;esrs"kka thfore~A vkgkjks

ekqekalkfn%] Jeks e`x;k] 'kkL=ka f'kok#ra] izKk 'koqQfuKkue~A
;fLeUuso dkuus fuolfUr rnsoksR[kkrewye'ks"kr% oqQoZfUrA bfr
fpUr;R;so ef; 'kcjlsukifr% l vkxR; rL;So rjksj/'Nk;k;ka
ifjtuksiuhriYyoklus leqikfo'kr~A vkihrlfyyks HkqDre`.kkfyd&
'pksRFkk;kixrJe% ldysu lSU;su lgkfHkera fn'ke;klhr~A
,dreLrq tjPNcjLrfLeUuso r#rys eqgwrZfeo O;yEcrA
vUrfjrs p lsukirkS l lqfpjek##{kqLra ouLifrekewykni';r~A
mR=kQkUrfeo rfLeu~ {k.ks rnkyksduHkhrkuka 'kqdoqQykukelqfHk%A
fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~A ;r% l re;RusuSo ikniek#
iQykuho rL; ouLirs% dksVjsH;% 'kqd'kkodkuxzghr~A vixrklwa'p
Rok f{krkoikr;r~A
rkrLrq rnoyksD; fo"kkn'kwU;keJqtyIyqrka n`'kferLrrks
fof{kiu~ i{klaiqVsukPNk| eka Lusgijo'kks enz{k.kkoqQyksHkor~A
vlkofi iki% =kQes.k 'kk[kkUrjS% lpjek.kks eRdksVj}kjekxR;
HkqtH kh"k.ka izlk;Z ckgqa eqgqeqZgqnZkppqizgkjeqRowQtUrek"; rkr&
eixrklqedjksr~ eka rq LoYiRokr~ dFkefi uky{k;r~A mijra p
reofuryseqpr~A vgefi rPpj.kkUrjkys izosf'krf'kjks/jks
fuHk`refuyhuLrsuSo lg iouo'klEiqftrL; 'kq"dijk'ks#ifj
ifrrekRekuei';e~A ;koPpklkS r#f'k[kjkUukorjfr rkonga
firjeqijreqRl`T; u`'kal bo LusgjlkufHkKks Hk;suSo osQoy&
efHkHkw;ekuks yqBfUurLrrks ukfrnwjoruLrekyikniL; ewyns'kefo'ke~A
vtkri{kr;k p eqgqeqZgqeZq[ksu irr% LFkwyLFkwya 'olrks kwfy&
kwlfjrL; laliZrks ee leHkwUeufl&ukfLr thforknU;nfHkerrjfeg
txfr loZtUrwuke~A ,oeqijrsfi rkrs ;nga ftthfo"kkfeA
f/~eked#.kefrfu"BqjerKe~A [kya fg [kyq es n;e~A rkrsu
;Rra lo rnsdins e;k foLe`re~A loZFkk u dfpUu [kyhdjksfr
thouk'kk ;nhn`xoLFkefi ekek;kl;fr tykfHkyk"k%A fnolL;
ps;efrd"Vk n'kk orZrAs vkrilUrIrikaly
q k Hkwfe%A fiiklkolUukfu

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

34

HkkLorh

xUrqeuYiefi es ukyed
kfuA vizHkqjLE;kReu%A lhnfr es n;e~A
vU/dkjrkeqi;kfr es p{kq%A vfi uke [kyks fof/jfuPNrksfi es
ej.ke|Soksiikn;sr~A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
bR;s o a fpUr;R;s o ef; gkjhrukek tkckyeq f uru;%
lo;ksfHkjijSeqZfuoqQekjoSQ% lg rsuSo iFkk rnso deylj% flLuk&
lq#ikxer~A izk;s.kkdkj.kferzk.;frd#.kknzkZf.k p HkofUr lrka
psrkaflA ;r% l rnoLFkeoyksD; eka ljLrhjekuk;;r~] Lo;a
pknk; lfyyfcUnw u ik;;r~ A leq i tkriz k .ka eka Nk;k;ka
fu/k;kdjksr~ Lukufof/e~A vfHk"ksdkolkus ldysu eqfuoqQekj&
dnEcosQukuqxE;ekuks eka x`ghRok riksouexPNr~A

35

'kqd'kkodksnUr%

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
e;ns'kky~dkjHkwrk &

e;'pklkS ns'k'p e;ns'k% (deZ/kj; lekl)

rL;ky~dkjHkwrk] (rRiq#"k) e;ns'k dh 'kksHkk c<+kus
okyhA
foU;L; vVoh] foU; ioZr ij yxk ?kuk taxyA
egku~ p vlkS th.kZ% p (deZ/kj;) cM+k iqjkuk
fu $ ol~ $ 'kr` "k"Bh ,o] jgus okys
tu~ $ deZokP; $ 'kkup~ "k"Bhs , o] iSnk gksrs
gq,A
xe~ kkrq yq~ ydkj iz iq , o] xbZA
fu $ xzg~ $ DRok > Y;i~] jksddjA
ijs"kka uhMsH;% ifrrkH;% nwljksa osQ ?kksaslyksa ls fxjh
gqbZA
'kqdkuka oqQyS% vonfyrkfu] rRiq#"k] rksrksa osQ >q.M
}kjk drjs gq,A
iQykuka 'kdykfu&[k.Mkfu] rRiq#"k] iQyksa osQ VqdM+sA
le~ $ vk $ $ DRok > Y;i~] ykdjA
mi $ Hkqt~ $ Dr] miHkqDrkr~ 'ks"ke~] [kkus ls cpk gqvkA
v'k~ $ Y;qV~ > vu] HkkstuA
mQ"kle~ izfr] v#.kksn; ls iwoZA
vk[ksV%] f'kdkjA
mitkr% osiFkq% ;L; l% cgqozhfg] dkirk gqvkA
'kkod gksus ls] 'kqd'kkod dk fo'ks"k.kA
i{k;ks% iqVL;kUrje~] rRiq#"k] ia[kksa osQ iqVd osQ HkhrjA
{kksfHkra dkuua ;su l% rfLeu~] taxy dks O;koqQy
djus okys
i $ l` $ f.kp~ $ DRok > Y;i~] iSQykdjA
n`'k~ $ lu~ $ m] nz"Vqe~ bPNq%] ns[kus dk bPNqdA
f'kok;k% & k`xkY;k% #re~ 'kCne~] rRiqjQ"k] fl;kfjuksa
dk jksukA
'koqQuhuka Kkue~] rRiqjQ"k] if{kfo"k;d KkuA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
foU;kVoh
egkth.kZ%
fuolr%
tk;ekuL;

&
&
&
&

vxer~
fux`g~;
ijuhMfuifrrkH;%

&
&
&

'kqdoqQykonfyrkfu

&

iQy'kdykfu
lekR;
miHkqDr'ks"ke~
v'kue~
izR;w"kfl
e`x;k
mitkrosiFkq%
vHkZdr;k
i{kiqVkUrje~
{kksfHkrdkuus

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

izlk;Z
fnn`{kq%
f'kok#re~

&
&
&

'koqQfuKkue~

&

36

HkkLorh

mR[kkrewye~

&

ifjtuksiuhre~

&

mR[kkra ewya ;L; re~ cgqohz fg] ftldh tMsa+ m[kM+ xbZ
gSaA
ifjtuS% & Hk`R;S% miuhre~] rRiqjQ"k] lsodksa }kjk yk,
x;sA
vkihra lfyya ;su l%] ikuh ihus ijA
vixr% Je% ;L; l%] Je lekIr gksus ijA
vfHk $ eu~ $ Dr] Lohre~] fiz;] bfPNrA
pys tkus ijA
vk $ jQg~ $ lu~ $ m izR;;] p<+us dh bPNk lsA
mr~ $ =kQe~ $ Dr] fudy x;sA
izk.kS%] izk.kksa lsA
tjr~ pklkS 'kcj% p fHkYy%] deZ/kj;] cw<+k HkhyA
vixrk% vlo% ;L; l% re~ cgqohz fg] izk.kghu] e`rA
vJw.kka tyS% Iyqrke~] rRiqjQ"k] vklw osQ ty ls
Hkhxh gqbZA
le~ $ pj~ $ 'kkup~] lapkj djrk gqvk] pyrk gqvkA
izosf'krk LFkkfirk f'kjks/jk xzhok ;su l%] cgqozhfg]
xnZu dks fNikus okykA
fu $ Hk` $ Dr] fu'pyA
uja 'kalfr fgufLr bfr] =kQwjA
vfHk $ Hkw $ 'kkup~] izHkkfor gksrk gqvk] vkkUr
gksrk gqvkA
ia[k mRiUu u gksus lsA
vfHk] eu~ $ Dr $ rji~] fiz;rj] vHkh"VrjA
tho~ $ lu~ yV~] m iq] ,o] thuk pkgrk gwA
vkrisu ?kesZ.k lUrIrk ikalqyk p /wfy%] rRiq#"k $
deZ/kj; lekl] /wi ls rih /wy okyhA
Luk $ lu~ $ m] LukrqfePNq%] ugkus dh bPNk j[kus
okykA
equhuka oqQekjk.kka dnEcosQu oxsZ.k] rRiqjQ"k lekl]
eqfuoqQekjksa osQ lewg lsA
vuq $ xe~ $ deZokP; $ 'kkup~ iq iz , o]
ihNk fd;k tkrk gqvkA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vkihrlfyy%
vixrJe%
vfHkere~
vUrfjrs
vk##{kqq%
mR=kQkUre~
vlqfHk%
tjPNcj%
vixrklqe~
vJqtyIyqrke~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lapjek.k%
izosf'krf'kjks/j%

&
&

fuHk`re~
u`'kal%
vfHkHkw;eku%

&
&
&

vtkri{kr;k
vfHkerrje~
ftthfo"kkfe
vkrilUrIrikalqyk

&
&
&
&

flLuklq%

&

eqfuoqQekjdnEcosQu

&

vUkqxE;eku%

&

37

'kqd'kkodksnUr%

vH;kl%
1- fuEufyf[kriz'ukuka mkje~ laLrssu fy[kr
(d) iEikfHk/kua in~elj% oqQ=kklhr~\
([k) 'kqd% Do fuolfr Le\
(x) 'kcjk.kka dhn`'ka thoua orZrs\
(?k) gkjhr% dL; lqr% vklhr~\
() thouk'kk foaQ djksfr\
(p) 'kqdL; firk dhn`'kkfu iQy'kdykfu rLeS vnkr~\
(N) e`x;kofuekd.;Z 'kqd% oqQ=k vfo'kr~\
(t) 'kcjlsukifr% dfLeu~ o;fl okZeku% vklhr~\
(>) osQ"kka fde~ nq"dje~\
(k) d% 'kqdL; rkre~ vixrklqedjksr~\
2- ikBekk`R; ck.kHk^L; x|'kSY;k% fo'ks"krk% fy[kr

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
3- ekr`Hkk"k;k 'kcjlsukirs% pfj=ke~ fy[kr

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka HkkokFk fy[kr

(d) fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~A
([k) ukfLr thforknU;nfHkerrjfeg txfr loZtUrwuke~A
(x) loZFkk u dfpUu [kyhdjksfr thouk'kkA
(?k) izk;s.k vdkj.kfe=kk.;frd#.kknzkZf.k p HkofUr lrka psrkaflA
5- 'kqd'kkodL; vkRedFkka la{ksis.k fy[kr

6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r

lekR;] vkd.;Z] fu"=kQE;] fof{kiu~] mijre~] x`ghRok] vfHkyk"k%] lapjek.k%A

o
n

7- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) vfLr Hkqoks es[kyso ------------------------ ukeA
([k) eeSo tk;ekuL; ------------------------ es tuuh e`rkA
(x) vgks eksgizk;e~ ------------------------ thfore~A
(?k) rkr% ------------------------ en~j{k.ks vkoqQy% vHkor~A
() loZFkk u ------------------------ u [kyhdjksfr thouk'kA

38

HkkLorh

8- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r
rL;SoSdfLeu~] rkrLrq] izR;w"kfl] vfpjkPPk] fpUr;R;so] iQykuho] rkonge~]
rsuSo] pknk;A

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

iEik %& iEikfHk/kua izfla lj% ;n~ v|Ros isUuflj bfr ukEukfHk/h;rsA ljl%
lehi ,o `";ewdioZrks orZrs iEik bfr unh vLekn~ ,o ljl% fuxZrkA

foU;kVoh %& ,dk ioZrJs.kh ;k mkjHkkjra nf{k.kHkkjrkr~ foHktfrA lIroqQyioZrs"kq

b;a ifjx.;rsA b;a ioZrekyk e;ns'kL; nf{k.klhfEu orZrsA
fgeof}U;;kseZ;s ;RizkfXou'kuknfiA
izR;xso iz;kxkPp e;ns'k% izdhfrZr%AA

(euqLe`fr% 2@21)

,rklq ioZrekyklq xgukfu oukfu lfUr ;kfu ^foU;kVoh* bfr insukfHk/h;UrsA

fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~&bfr vfLeu~ ikBs lwfrQ%A ,rkn`';% vU;k%
lwrQ;ksUos"VO;k%A

o
n

lIre% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe%

izLrqr ikB Jherh {kekjkor&lR;kxzgxhrk osQ prqFkZ v;k; ls

mn~k`r fd;k x;k gSA vk/qfud dof;=kh us lkcjerh osQ vkJe vkSj
egkRek xk/h osQ vkn'kZ vkpj.k dk o.kZu blesa fd;k gSA laLr
dfork dk orZeku izlaxksa esa izLrqrhdj.k ysf[kdk dk ms'; gSA oLrqr%
vk/qfud ;qx esa ns'k osQ dksus&dksus esa ftl vkradokn dh tM+ terh
tk jgh gS vkSj vius y{; (LokFkZ) dh flf esa ftl rjg osQ u`'kal
vkSj funZ; ekxZ viuk;s tk jgs gSa] os jk"V osQ fy, ?kkrd gSaA vkt
muosQ izfrjks/ esa izR;sd O;fDr dks xk/h cuuk gS] vU;k; osQ fojks/
esa [kM+k gksuk gS vkSj lR;] vfgalk rFkk lnkpkj dk ekxZ viukuk gSA
rHkh laiw.kZ ekuo dk dY;k.k gksxkA
rrLrhjs lceZR;k ukEuk lR;kxzgkJe%A
egkRek LFkki;kekl lnua lkuq;kf=kd%AA1AA

lR;eso izek.ka ;UeuksokDdk;deZfHk%A

rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls rn~ ;FkkFkksZ fg l vkJe%AA2AA

o
n

vfgalk lR;eLrs;a czg~ep;kZifjxzgkSA

Lons'koLrqfu"Bk p fuHkhZr#fpla;e%AA3AA

vUR;tkuka leqkjks uoSrkfu ozrkfu fgA

HkkjrksRd"kZfln~;FkZekJeL; egkReu%AA4AA

fueZeks fuR;loLFkks ferk'kh lqfLerkuu%A

lqdy=k% f'k'kqizseh firsokJeokfluke~AA5AA

40

HkkLorh

;k;u~ Dys'kku~ LocU/wuka rfrSdijk;.k%A

fojktrs eqfucqZks cksf/nzqerys ;FkkAA6AA
lk{kkRlR;iznhiks;a nhI;rsf[kyHkkjrsA
LocU/wukeikoqQoZu~ g`n;kUeksgta re%AA7AA
cya loZcysH;ksfi lR;esokfrfjP;rsA
lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~AA8AA
rn~ ;s pjfUr /esZ.k iztk ok jkT;'kkldk%A
le`ftkZ;rs rs"kkeU;s"kka rq {k;ks /zqo%AA9AA
bfr r=kHkoku~ xkU/hjk[;kfr lgokflu%A
vuq;kf;tuka'pkU;ku~ oplk ys[krksfi okAA10AA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
egkRek izkg&
v/eZefi n`"V~ok ;% izfrcaq u okNfrA
lR;s lR;fi ;ks HkhR;k u p rr~ izfri|rsAA11AA

41

HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe%

Dyhc;ks#Hk;ks'pkfi fu"iQya thoua r;ks%A

LokFkZuk'kHk;kn~ ;r~ rkS j{krksu`rthoue~AA12AA
fgalkefi lekfJR; oja e`R;qeq[ks xre~A
u iqu% LokRej{kkFk ra fuU|a iyk;ue~AA13AA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
djksfr eulk fgalk l fg Hkh#% iykf;rkA
vkReuks e`R;qdkr;kZnkRefgalk djksfr pAA14AA
vr ,o e;k nka uke lR;kxzgkJe%A
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k fouhrolrseZeAA15AA

bfr lR;kfn/ekZ.kkeeks?ka cyen~Hkqre~A

o.kZ;u~ xzkg;kekl ozrkfu lqcgwu~ xq#%AA16AA
vijk/s rsI;U;S% lR;lkjs rnkJesA
Lohd`R; nks"kloZLoeqioklSLriL;frAA17AA

vkJekn~ cfgjU;=k yksdkuka dygsfi l%A

Loeso dkj.ka eRok rr~ dysu nw;rsAA18AA
vkReoRloZHkwrkfu i';rksL; inkuqxk%A
xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk O;o/ZUr lg'k%AA19AA

loZnkI;kpfj";ke% lR;kfnuoda ozre~A

bfr tkrleqRlkgS% l/S; fuf'pra tuS%AA20AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

lceZR;k
lkuq;kf=kd%

&
&

vLrs;e~
vifjxzg%
#fpla;e%
vUR;tkuka leqkj%

&
&
&
&

lkcjerhukeu|k%] lkcjerh unh osQA

vuq;kf;fHk% lfgr% cgq l] vius vuq;kf;;ksa osQ
lkFkA
vpkS;Ze~] pksjh ugha djukA
/ulp;kHkkoo`fk%] /ulp; u djus dk LoHkkoA
#fp&Lokn ij fu;U=k.k j[kukA
gfjtukskj%] gfjtuksa dk mkjA

42

fuR;loLFk%
ferk'kh

HkkLorh
&
&

fuR;a los fLFkr% loZnk loxq.k ls ;qDrA

ifjferHkkstuoku~] fere~ v'ukfr rPNhy%] de Hkkstu
djus okykA
e`R;ks% dkr;kZr~ (nq%[k) Hk;kr~] e`R;q osQ Mj lsA
lqfLera vkuua ;L; l%] izlUu eq[k okykA
'kksHkua dy=ka ;L; l%] cgq l] lqUnj L=kh okykA
;S /krq 'kr` iz iq] iz , o] ;ku djrs gq,A
iz'kL; 'kCn~ bZ;l~ izR;;] iqa iz , o] vf/d
dY;k.kdkjhA
fouhrk olfr%] fouhr olfr% rL;k%] lTtuksa dh
oLrhA
inkfu vuqxPNfUr ;s rs] miin rRiq#"k] ihNs pyus
okysA
/SS;sZ.k lg] vO;;hHkko] /S;ZlfgrA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
e`R;qdkr;kZn~
lqfLerkuu%
lqdy=k%
;k;u~
Js;ku~

&
&
&
&
&

fouhrolrs%

&

inkuqxk%

&

lkS;Ze~

&

vH;kl%

o
n

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k ns;kfu

(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%A
([k) egkRek (xk/h) lR;kxzgkJea dL;k% (u|k%) rhjs LFkki;kekl\
(x) vkJeokfluka rs egkRek dhn`'k% vklhr~\
(?k) vfLeu~ ikBs egkReu% rqyuk osQu lg rk\
() le`f% osQ"kka tk;rs\
(p) lR;kxzgkJe% bfr uke osQu dFka p nke~\
(N) vL; ikBL; jpf;=kh dk\
(Tk) egkReu% ozrkfu dkfu vklu~\
(>) egkRek osQ"kka nks"kS% miokledjksr~A
(k) fde~ i';r% xkfU/u% xq.kS% tuk% rL; inkuqxk% tkrk%\
2- v/ksfyf[kr'yksdkuka lkUo;a ekr`Hkk"k;k vFkZe~ fy[kr
(d) vfgalk lR;eLrs;a ------------------------ fuHkhZr#fpla;e%AA
([k) lk{kkr~ lR;iznhiks;a ------------------------ n;kUeksgta re%AA
(x) v/eZefi n`"V~ok ------------------------ rr~ izfri|rsAA

43

HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe%
3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka ifjp;a nk
leqkj%] izfrcqe~] le`f%] ;k;u~] n`"V~ok] lekfJR;] nke~] eRok
4- lfoxzge~ lekluke fy[kr
(d) lR;kxzgkJee~
([k) egkRek
(x) czp;kZifjxzgkS
(?k) lqdy=k%
() fu"iQye~

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
5- lR;kxzgegoef/R; ekr`Hkk"k;k n'k okD;kfu fy[kr

6- v/ksfyf[kr'kCnkuka lfU/PNsna oqQ#r

uoSrkfu] ferk'kh] eqfucZq%] nhI;rsf[kyHkkjrs] lR;fi] firso] O;okZUr]
loZnkI;kpfj";ke%A
7- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) rrLrhjs ------------------------ lR;kxzgkJe%A
([k) vfgalk ------------------------ izfrxzgkSA
(x) v/eZefi ------------------------ okNfrA
(?k) lR;s lR;fi ------------------------ izfri|rsA
() vkJekn~ ------------------------ nw;rsA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

HkkofoLrkj%
(1) ------------------- bnegeu`rkr~ lR;eqiSfeA

o
n

(2) lR;esoku`'kala p jkto`ka lukrue~A

rLekRlR;kReda jkT;a lR;s yksd% izfrf"Br%AA
(3) lR;L; opua lk/q u lR;kn~ fo|rs ije~A
lR;su fo/`ra lo lo lR;s izfrf"Bre~AA

(4) lR;ktZoa ija /eZekgq/ZeZfonks tuk%A

nqtsZ;% 'kk'orks /eZ% l p lR;s izfrf"Br%AA

(;tqosZn% & 1@5)

44

HkkLorh
(5) uklR;okfnu% l[;a iq.;a u ;'kks HkqfoA
n`';rs ukfi dY;k.ka dkyowQVfeok'ur%AA
(6) ^lR;izfr"Bk;ka f;kiQykJ;Roe~A*

(;ksxn'kZue~ & 2@36)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
(7) lR;L; uko% lqreihiju~A

(Xosn%)

(8) ;% leqRifrra ks/a {ke;So fujL;frA

;FkksjxLRopa th.kk l oS iq#"k mP;rsAA
(okYehfdjkek;.ke~ & 5@53@6)
(9) vfgalkizfr"Bk;ka rRlfUu/kS oSjR;kx%A

(;ksxn'kZue~] lk/uikn%)

(10) fujk'kh;ZrfpkkRek R;DrloZifjxzg%A

'kkjhja osQoya deZ oqQoZUukIuksfr fdfYo"ke~AA
(Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk&4@21)

o
n

45

lhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k%

v"Ve% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
lhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k%

izLrqr ikB dUuM+ Hkk"kk osQ iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj ^ekfLr os~dVs'k

v;~xkj fojfpr* lqCc..k 'kh"kZd miU;kl osQ laLr vuqokn ls
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
blosQ vuqoknd gks- uk- os~dVs'k 'kekZ gSaA bl miU;kl dk
uk;d lqCc..k ,d ikSjkf.kd 'kkL=kh dk iq=k gSA cpiu ls gh mldh
laxhr esa #fp gSA vkxs pydj og egku~ laxhrdkj curk gSA izLrqr
va'k esa mlosQ cpiu dh ,d ?kVuk of.kZr gSA

o
n

lqCc..kL; lhrs ;% lgtkfHkyk"k% vklhr~] l ,dnk jktHkous

lao`k;k lR;k iqujf/oaQ n`<hcHkwoA ,dfLeu~ fnus iq=ks.k lkoaQ
iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh jktHkouesR; r=kkUr%iqjL=khtule{ks iqjk.k&
izopuekjHkek.k vknkS Loiq=ks.k 'kqDykEcjkjfeR;kfnyksoQa
xki;keklA rPNRok
q r=kR;k% losZ i;ZuUnu~A vFk fdfpRdkykuUrja
r=k lekxrks jktk leqifo'; iqjk.kekd.kZ;fr LeA firq% ik'osZ
mifo"V% lqCc..k% iqjk.kizopua oqQrwgysu 'k`.oso e;s egkjktefHk
lfoLe;a i';fr LeA egkjktL; lqUnja eq[ke~] eq[ks c`gfk&
ydkyk j%] r=kkfi fo'kkyL; x.MLFkyL; 'kksHkkoga 'eJqowQpZe~
bR;kfn loZefi rL; foLe;dkj.keklhr~A jktkfi ra ckyoaQ
f}f=kokjefHkoh{; prqjks;a cky bR;eU;rA ,oeoflrs iqjk.ks
jktk 'kkfL=k.keqf'; Hkks%] ,"k cky% HkoRoqQekj% fde~\ bR;i`PNr~A
vke~] egkizHkks] bfr 'kkL=kh izR;qokpA iqu% Le;iwoZda jktk ckya
lEcks; v;s oRl] fda Hkokufi fir`or~ iqjk.kizopua dfj";fr!
bfr i;Zi`PNr~A rnk l cky%&vga iqjk.kizopua u djksfeA lhra
xk;kehfr O;kgjr~A rnk jktk&vkg] rFkk uuqA rfgZ ,da xkua

46

HkkLorh

'k`.kqeLrkor~ bR;onr~A vuqineso lqCc..k% Jhjk?koa n'kjFkkRet&

feR;kfnYkksda lhrekxsZ.k vJko;r~ rnUrs iqu% l% dLrwjh&
frydfeR;kfnyksdksfi ee d.BLFkksLrhR;xnr~A

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
egkjktL; cgq lUrks " kks Hkor~ A ,oa ifjrq " Vks jktk
ikfjrksf"kdRosu ckyk; lrkEcwyeqkjh;oL=ka nRok] gs oRl] Roa
eskkO;fl lq"Bq lhra f'kf{kRok lE;Xxkrqa Hkoku~ vH;L;rqA
brksI;f/oaQ ikfjrksf"koaQ Hkors o;a nkL;ke bfr ckydeqDRok
iqu'p 'kkfL=k.keqf'; Hkks% 'kkfL=k.k% oqQekj% prqjksfLrA f'k{k.ka
lE;o~Q f;rke~A izk;% egkoqQ'kyks Hkfo";rhR;'kalr~A rnuUrja
'kkL=kh p iq=k'p Lox`gk; laU;orsZrke~A
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

lhrkuqjkxh

&

vuqjkxh
lgtkfHkyk"k%

&
&

lao`k;k

&

lR ;k

&

iqujf/de~
n`<hcHkwo

&
&

jktHkouesR;
&
,R;
&
r=kkUr%iqjL=khtule{ks &
vUr%iqjL=khtule{ks

&

lh r $ vuqjkxh lhrs vuqjkx% ;L; l% (cgqohz fg

l) lhr esa vuqjkx j[kus okykA
vuqjkx $ f.kfu] izsehA
lgt $ vfHkyk"k% lgt% vfHkyk"k% (deZ/kj;
l) LokHkkfodh bPNkA
la $ o`r~ $ Dr $ L=khfyax r`rh;k , o] gksus
okyhA
la $ xe~ $ fDru~ $ L=kh fy r`rh;k ,dopu]
lfr lsA
iquj~ $ vf/de~ (la;ksx)] fiQj vf/dA
vn`<k n`<k cHkwo n`< $ fPo $ Hkw fyV~ ydkj izFke
iq#"k ,dopu] izcy gks x;hA
jktHkoue~ $ ,R; (la-)] jktHkou esa vkdjA
vk$ b $ DRok >Y;i~_ vkdjA
r=k $ vUr%iqjL=khtule{ks] vUr%iqj dh fL=k;ksa osQ
lkeusA
vUr%iqjL=kh.kke~ le{ks "k"Bh rRiq] vUr%iqj dh
fL=k;ksa osQ lEeq[kA

47

lhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k%
iqjk.kizopuekjHkek.k
iqjk.kizopue~
vkjHkek.k%
xki;kekl
rPNRq ok
r=kR;k%

&
&
&
&
&
&

i;ZuUnu~

&

fdfpRdkykuUrje~

&

lekxr%

&

leqifo';
vkd.kZ;fr Le
mifo"V%
'k`.oUuso
lfoLe;e~
c`gfkydkykj%

&
&
&
&
&
&

x.MLFkyL;
'kksHkkoge~
'eJqowQpZe~

&
&
&

jktkfi
vfHkoh{;
prqjks;e~
bR;eU;r
voflrs

&
&
&
&
&

mfn~n';
HkoRoqQekj%

&
&

iqjk.kizopue~ $ vkjHkek.k (la)

iqjk.kL; izopue~ "k"Bh rRiq] iqjk.k dh dFkkA
vk $ jHk~ $ 'kkup~] vkjaHk djrs gq,A
xS $ f.kp~ $ fyV~ y izFke iq#"k ,dopu] xok;kA
rr~ $ JqRok] ;g lqudjA
r=k $ R;i~ izR;; iqa izFkek fo cgq o] ogk
mifLFkrA
ifj $ uUn~ $ y~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopu]
izlUu gq,A
df'pr~ dky% bfr fdfpRdky% deZ/kj; lekl
rL; vuUrja "k"Bh rRiq#"k] oqQN le; i'pkr~A
le~ $ vk $ xe~ $ Dr iqa iz fo] , o] vk;k
gqvkA
le~ $ mi $ fo'k~ $ DRok >Y;i~] ikl cSBdjA
Le osQ dkj.k yV~ydkjkFkZ Hkwrdky] lqu jgk FkkA
mi $ fo'k~ $ Dr iq iz fo , o] cSBk gqvkA
'k`.ou~ $ ,o lqurs gq, ghA
foLe;su lg vO;;hHkko lekl] vk'p;Z lfgrA
c`gr~ fryde~ bfr c`gfkyde~ deZ/kj; lekl
c`gfkyde~ ,o vyk j% ;L; l%] fo'kky fryd
/kj.k fd;s gq,A
diksy ;k xky dkA
'kksHkke~ vkogfr mi rRiq] 'kksHkk nsus okykA
'eJo% p owQp p rs"kka lekgkj% lekgkj}U}] nk<+h
vkSj ewNA
jktk $ vfi] jktk HkhA
vfHk $ fo $ bZ{k~ $ DRok >Y;i~] ns[kdjA
prqj% $ v;e~] prqj ;gA
bfr $ veU;r] ,slk ekukA
vo $ "kks $ Dr] lIreh fo , o] lekIr gksus
ijA
mr~ $ fn'k~ $ DRok Y;i~] y{; djosQA
Hkor% oqQekj% "k"Bh rRiq_ vkidk iq=kA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

48

bR;i`PNr~
izR;qokp

HkkLorh
&
&

bfr $ vi`PNr~] ,slk iwNkA

izfr $ mokp] izfr $ czw fyV~ ydkj iz iq] ,
o] dgkA
Le;% iwoZa ;fLeu~ rr~ cgq l] eqLoqQjkrs gq,A
le~ $ cqk~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok >Y;i~] lEcksf/r
djosQA
ifj $ vi`PNr~] iwNkA
xk;kfe $ bfr] xkrk gwA
fo $ vk $ $ y~ iz iq , o] dgkA
iz $ xS $ DRok > Y;i~] xkdjA
rL; vUrs] "k rRiq] mlosQ vUr esaA
'yksd% $ vfi] 'yksd HkhA
d.Bs fr"Bfr] miin rRiq] Lej.kA
xn~ $ y~ y iz iq , o] cksykA
lUrks"k% $ vHkor~] lUrks"k gqvkA
ifj $ rq"k~ $ Dr_ iqa iz fo] , o] lUrq"V
gqvkA
rkEcwysu lfgre~] cgqozhfg l] (rkEcwysu lg
orZekue~)] iku lfgrA
es/koh $ vfl] cqfeku~ gksA
lE;d~ $ xkrqe~] vPNh rjg xkus osQ fy,A
vfHk $ vl~ (fnokfnx.k) yksV~ y] iz] iq] ,
o] vH;kl djksA
br% $ vfi $ vf/de~] blls Hkh vf/dA
czw $ DRok] cksydjA
iqu% $ p] vkSj fiQjA
$ deZ yksV~ ydkj iz iq] , oA
Hkfo";fr $ bfr $ v'kalr~] gksxk ,slk dgkA
'kal~ $ y~ iz iq , o] dgkA
rLekr~ vuUrje~ ipeh rRiq] blosQ cknA
le~ $ fu $ o`r~ % y~ iz iq f} o] ykSV x,A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
Le;iwoZde~
lEcks;

&
&

i;Zi`PNr~
xk;kehfr
O;kgjr~
izxh;
rnUrs
'yksdksfi
d.BLFk%
vxnr~
lUrks"kksHkor~
ifjrq"V%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lrkEcwye~

&

es/kO;fl
lE;Xxkrqe~
vH;L;rq

&
&
&

brksI;f/de~
mDRok
iqu'p
f;rke~
Hkfo";rhR;'kalr~
v'kalr~
rnuUrje~
laU;orsZrke~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

49

lhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k%

vH;kl%
1- laLrsu mkja nh;rke~
(d) lqCc..kL; lgtkfHkyk"k% dfLeu~ vklhr~\
([k) iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh osQu lg jktHkoue~ vxPNr~\
(x) iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh Loiq=ks.k d xki;kekl\
(?k) iqjk.kizopua k`.ou~ lqCc..k% egkjkta dFka i';fr Le\
() egkjktL; foLe;dkj.ka fde~ vklhr~\
(p) jktk ckya dfr okje~ vi';r~\
(N) jktk ckya fde~ vi`PNr~\
(t) l cky% jktkua d O;kgjr~\
(>) ifjrq"V% jktk ckyk; fde~ v;PNr~\
(k) jkK% dFkukuUrja 'kkL=kh rRiqq=k% p oqQ=k vxPNrke~\

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
2- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vkfJR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r
(d) lqCc..kL; lh rsfHkyk"k% jktHkous lao`k;k lR ;k n`<hcHkwoA
([k) rPNRok
q r=kR;k% losZ i;ZuUnu~A
(x) lekxrks jktk iqjk.ke~ vkd.kZ;fr Le!
(?k) lqCc..kL; firq% ik'osZ egkjkta lfoLe;a i';fr LeA
() egkjktL; eq[ks frydkykj% vklhr~A
(p) jktk ckyk; lrkEcwye~ mkjh;oL=ke~ v;PNr~A

o
n

3- fo'ks";S% lg fo'ks"k.kkfu la;ksT; esy;r

fo'ks"k.k
fo'ks";
lao`k;k
'eJqowQpZe~
lekxr%
'yksd%
lfoLe;e~
eq[ke~
lqUnje~
x.MLFkyL;
fo'kkyL;
lR;k
d.BLFk%
egkjkte~
'kksHkkoge~
jktkA

4- vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
(d) vga iqjk.kizopua u djksfeA lh ra xk;kfeA
([k) Roa es/koh vfl lq"Bq lhra f'kf{kRok lE;d~ xkraq Hkoku~ vH;L;rA

50

HkkLorh

5- dks"Bd'kCnS% lg foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(d) -------------------------- fnus iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh jktHkoue~ vxPNr~ (,d)
([k) --------------- ik'osZ mifo"V% lqCc..k% egkjkta lfoLe;a i';fr LeA
(fir`)
(x) jktk -------------------------- lEcks; i;Zi`PNr~A (cky)
(?k) Roa -------------------------- vflA (es?kkfou~)
() ikfjrksf"koaQ -------------------------- o;a nkL;ke% (Hkor~)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
6- vFk fyf[kRok laLrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r
lkde~] ik'osZ] i=k] lq"Bq] lE;d~] iqu%A
7- ikBkr~ foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr
vkxR;] v=kR;k%] ijkxr%] nwj]s mnrjr~] izkjC/s] dnk] ew[kZ%] vlUrks"k%] vYie~A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

1- dLrwjh fryda yykViVys o{k%LFkysdkSLrqHke~A

uklkxzs ojekSfDrda djrys os.kq% djs d.ke~AA
lokZs gfjpUnua lqyfyra d.Bs p eqDrkoyhA
xksiL=khifjosf"Vrks fot;rs xksikypwMkef.k%AA
vfLeu~ ikBs mfYyf[krL; vL; 'YkksdL; lLoja xk;uL; vH;kl% dj.kh;%A
2- vfLeu~ ikBs jkK% pfj=ks rsu o`Qrs lqCc..kL; lRdkjs foaQ oSf'k"V~;e~ bfr
vfUoPNrA

o
n

uoe% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
oL=kfo;%

izLrqr ikB egkegksik;k; ia- eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kro`Qr Hkkjr&

fot;ukVde~ osQ izFkek~d ls laoQfyr gSA vfXu ls tyh gqbZ
'kkgtgk dh oqQekjh dh vks"kf/&fpfdRlk djus osQ i'pkr~ fons'kh
(vaxzst) Hkkjr lezkV~ ('kkgtgk) ls caxky esa fuokl osQ fy, Hkwfe
rFkk oL=kksa osQ ; vkSj fo; osQ fy, jkteqnzkf~dr izek.k&i=k izkIr
dj ysrk gSA Hkkjrh; tqykgs LofufeZr oL=kksa dks cspus osQ fy, cktkj
esa mifLFkr gksrs gSAa ogk oL=k O;kikfj;ksa osQ lkFk tqykgksa dk oL=k&fo;
gsrq okrkZyki gksrk gSA mlh le; fons'kh xkSjk~x dk izos'k gksrk gSA
mlosQ gkFk esa jktdh; eqnzk ls vafdr izek.ki=k gSA og izek.ki=k
fn[kkdj cgqr de ewY; nsdj oL=k [kjhn ysrk gSA og tqykgksa dks csar
ls ihVrk gS vkSj muosQ }kjk fufeZr lHkh oL=k Lo;a dks nsus dk funsZ'k
nsrk gSA ;gh izlax bl ikB esa of.kZr gSA
(rr% izfo'kfUr iVa fosraq sraq p df'pRrUrqok;% Jsf"BukS p)

Js"Bh
rUrqok;%
Js"Bh

o
n

& rUrqok;! fdeL; iVL; ewY;e~\

& foa'kR;f/da 'kre~A
& ufg]ufg] fdfpnf/desrr~A 'kra ewY;a x`g~.kh"o
(rr% izfo'kfr lkuqpjks oSnsf'kdks xkSjk~x%A l
jkteqnzkfrizek.ki=ka n'kZf;Rok Jsf"BukS rUrqok;p
HkRlZ;frA)
oSxkSjk% & rUrqok;! i'; jkteqnzkf~dra izek.ki=ke~A u Roa
fosrqa izHkq%A

52

HkkLorh

rUrqok;% & rfgZ fdegesua iVa oqQ;kZe~\

oSxkSjk% & bea iVa ea nsfg] vgesua iVa fos";s] x`g~.kh"o
bek% ipk'kUeqnzk%A (bfr ipk'kUeqnzk nnkfr)A
rUrqok;% & (lk'p;Zfeo i';u~) fdfena fo/h;rs\ dFkesrsu
ee oqQVqEcL; Hkj.kiks"k.ks Hkfo";r%A "kfM~HkekZlS%
dFkefi jkf=kfUnoa ifjJE; fu"ikfnrks;a iV%A
oSxkSjk% & bek eqnzk x`h"o] ukga fdefi tkukfeA ekSuekLLo]
xPNA vijp iVa fuekZ; eRlehi ,oku;A
;q"eRoqQVqEcj{kk;S u izfrKk rk e;kA dFka j{kk
Hkosnsrr~ Roa tkuhfg oztkkqukAA
(l eqnkz u x`kfr vFkkijLrUrqok;% iVfo;kFk izfo';
iV;kFk Jsf"Buaa y{k;frA)

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

53

oL=kfo;%

rUrqok;%
Js"Bh
rUrqok;%
Js"Bh

&
&
&
&

oSxkSjk%

&

rUrqok;%
oSxkSjk%

&
&

Jsf"Bu~A x`gk.k iVe~A

(HkzwlaK;k) v;a s";frA ukga sraq 'kDuksfeA
dLekr~\
vL; lehis jkK% izek.ki=ke~ v;eso s";fr]
ukij%A
br vkxPNA (rUrqok;ekg~o;fr] izek.ki=ka n'kZZ;frA
iVa x`kfr) x`gk.ksek'pRokfja'kUeqnzk%A (bfr eqnzk
nnkfrA)
egkjkt! fdfena fo/h;rs\ fde;eso U;k;%\
xPN xPNA ukga U;k;eU;k;a ok tkukfeA ;Ue;k
fu'ph;rs nh;rs p rnso ewY;e~A (mHkkS rn~nka
ewY;a x`g~.khr%A)
ukr% ija iVa fuekZL;ko% (bR;qDRok xPNr%)
(vuqpjeqfn~n';) i';A ,rkH;ka cheqZnzk xzgh";sA
vfuoZpuh;e~ ,rRiV;ks% lkSUn;Ze~A vfr&
lw{erjks;a iV% A i';] ,rL; iPk"kS% iVyS%
ifjosf"VreI;iVeso & izrh;rs~xe~A vk%
dFkesrRle{keLen~ns'kh;kuka iVkuka fo;ks
Hkfo";fr] bfr greLen~ns'kh;a okf.kT;e~A
(iqufoZfpUR;)
,rRlw{eiVL; fufeZfrfo/ss#Uewyusga {keks
fuekZr`fug n.MrkMuijLrku~ ekspf;";kE;r%A
dkS'kY;a f;rkekLrnf/da okf.kT;eR;qUura
ns'kL;kL; leqUufrtZudFkkek=ks lek/h;rke~AA
(izfo';) t;rq t;rq nso%A
nkSokfjd! lRoja f=kprqjkaLrUrqok;ku~ leku;A
;n~nso vkKki;frA (cfgxZRok =khu~ rUrqok;ku~
lekuh; izfo'kfrA)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
mHkkSS rUrqok;kS &
oSxkSjk% &

o
n

nkSokfjd%
oSxkSjk%
nkSokfjd%

&
&
&

54

HkkLorh

oSxkSjk% & (rUrqok;kuqfn~n';) Hkks Hkks! ;w;a fufeZrku~ iVku~

eg~;a nkA
rUrqok;k% & u o;e;ksX;ewY;Rokr~ iVa fuekZe%A
oSxkSjk% & vLrq 'kksHkua iVa fuekZ; ea nRr] ;ksX;a ewY;a
Hkfo";frA x`gk.k bek% eqnkz % (bfr iPkn'keqnkz nnkfr]
rs u x`g~.kfUr] gBkks"kka olus fuc; xygLrsu
fu"dkl;fr)A
rUrqok;k% & (}kfj fLFkrk%) egkjkt! u o;a 'krewY;a iVa
ipn'kfHkjso eqnzkfHkuekZL;ke%A
oSxkSjk% & (lk{ksie~) d bes dksykgya oqQoZfUr (}kfj xRok
lke"kZZe~] d'k;k rkaLrkM;frA) xPNr vija 'kksHkua
iVa fuekZ; leku;r (eqnzk% izf{kI; rs xPNfUrA)
oSxkSjk% & (vuqpjeqfn~n';) Hkks!Hkks! vijkafL=kprqjkaLrUrq&
ok;kuku;rA (l fuxZR; prqjLrUrqok;kukuh;) egkjkt!
,rs lekxrk%A
oSxkSjk% & (rUrqok;kufHky{;) fufeZrku~ dkS'kss;iVku~ ea nkA
rUrqok;k% & u o;a iVkfUuekZe%A
oSxkSjk% & feF;Srr~A ;w;a iVkfUuekZ; Jsf"Buka lfoks
foh.khos A (lokZu~ d'k;k rkMf;raq HkRlZ;fr)
losZ
& u o;a fuekZe%A (bfr cgLriqVk% dEiUrsA)
(fu"kUrk% losZ)

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

rUrqok;%
oSnsf'kd%
HkRlZ;fr
jkf=kafnoe~
Js"Bh
y{k;fr

&
&
&
&
&
&

tqykgkA
fons'khA
HkRlZ~ $ yV~ izFke iq:"k ,dopu] MkVrk gSA
fnu jkrA
lsBA
fn[kykrk gSA

55

oL=kfo;%
vfuoZpuh;e~
ip"kS% iVyS%
ifjosf"Vre~
lw{eiVL;
fufeZfrfof/%
dkS'kY;e~
v;ksX;ewY;Rokr~
gBkr~
dksykgye~
d'k;k
dkS'ks;iVku~
foh.khos

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vo.kZuh; (ftldk o.kZu djuk lEHko ugha gSA)

ikp N% ijrksa lsA
<dk gqvkA
eghu oL=k osQA
fuekZ.k dh jhfrA
fuiq.krkA
vuqfpr dher osQ dkj.kA
cyiwoZdA
'kksjA
dksM+s lsA
js'keh oL=kkssa dksA
fo $ h $ yV~ e iq cgqopu] csprs gksA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k ns;kfu

(d) v;a ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ lfyr%] d'p rL; iz.ksrk\
([k) oSnsf'kdks xkSjk~x% d lan';Z Jsf"BukS rUrqok;p HkRlZ;fr\
(x) rUrqok;su dFka iV% fu"ikfnr%\
(?k) ;Ue;k fu'ph;rs nh;rs p rnso ewY;fefr dFkua dL;kfLr\
() rUrqok;k% dhn`'kL; iVL; fuekZ.keoqQoZu~\
(p) ;w;a fufeZrku~ iVku~ ea nRr bfr d% dku~ izfr dFk;fr\
(N) xkSjk~x% rUrqok;ku~ dFka fu"dkl;fr\
(t) oSnsf'kdks xkSjk~x% rUrqok;ku~ d;k rkMf;raq HkRlZ;fr\

o
n

2- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) dFkesrsu ee oqQVqEcL; ------------------------ Hkfo";r%A
([k) vfuoZpuh;e~ ------------------------ lkSUn;Ze~A
(x) dFkesrRle{keLen~ns'kh;kuka ------------------------ fo;ks Hkfo";frA
(?k) 'kksHkua iVa fuekZ; eg~;a ------------------------ ;ksX;a ------------------------ Hkfo";frA
() ;w;a iVku~ fuekZ; ------------------------ lfo/s foh.khosA

56

HkkLorh

3- lizla O;k[;k;Urke~
(d) ;q"eRoqQVqEcj{kk;S ------------------------ tkuhfg oztk/qukA
([k) vfuoZpuh;esrRiV;ks% lkSUn;Ze~A vfrlw{erjks;a iV%A i';] ,rL;
ip"kS% iVyS% ifjosf"VreI;iVeso izrh;rs~xe~A
(x) u o;e;ksX;ewY;Rokr~ iVa fuekZe%A

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
4- lfUkfoPNsn% f;rke~
foa'kR;f/de~] eqnzkf~dre~] fo/s#Uewyue~] ekspf;";kE;r%] lke"kZe~] feF;Srr~A
5- ^,rRlw{eiVL;sfr* 'yksdL; Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%

6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq /krqa izR;;a p i`FkDR; fy[kr

fosrqe~] vfuoZpuh;e~] fofpUR;] xRok] fuc;] fuekZ;] vfHky{;A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

vfXunX/k;k% 'kkgtgkoqQekfjdk;k% fpfdRlk xsofj;yokmQVusu fofgrkA osQ"kkfpr~

,sfrfonka erkuqlkja lRFkkelegksn;su fofgrkA vuUrjekjksX;a tkre~A iqucZkf/irs%
'kkgtknkjktoqQekj'kqTtkiRU;k vfi fpfdRlk vusuSo o`Qrk] vkjksX;a p izkIre~A iqu%
iQ#[kf'k;jlezkt vkjksX;a ltZufofy;egsfeYVu}kjk tkre~A

o
n

57

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~

n'ke% ikB%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~

izLrqr dFkk fo'oizfl laLr dFkkdkj vkpk;Z osQ'kopUnz nk'k

fyf[kr dFkklaxzg ls ladfyr dh x;h gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa izkphu dky ls
gh nknk&nknh vkSj ukuk&ukuh dh dgkfu;k izpfyr gSaA ijEijkxr :i
esa fy[kh gqbZ ;s dFkk, ckyikBdksa osQ ekufld laLdkj dks cuk;s j[kus
esa l{ke gSaA
izLrqr dFkk esa ml lR; dh okLrfod lR;rk izekf.kr dh x;h
gS tks lnSo fo'o osQ fy, Js;Ldj gksA

o
n

,dfLeu~ xzkeksikUrs ifuh ukEuh ,dk iq"dfj.kh vklhr~A r=k

xzkeL; tuk% Lukua oqQoZfUrA olua {kky;fUrA rL;k ,o tyekuh;
ficfUr] ikdkfndeZ p oqQoZfUrA r=kSo xkses"kPNkxknhuka Lukuefi
lEikn;fUrA iq"dfj.kha ifjr% ukuk o`{kk% lfUrA osQpu o`{kk%
rVlayXuk'p okZUrsA iq"dfj.;k% vijHkkxs ,d% vkJe% vfLrA
r=k ,dks eqfu% fuolfrA lksfi riZ.kkfnoaQ deZ r=k djksfrA l%
tuku~ vuqu;frA okja okjefi mifn'kfrA ija u dksfi rL; opua
'k`.kksfrA
,dnk eqfu% fpUrkeXu%& osQu izdkjs.k bes tuk% ckskf;rO;k%\
iq"dfj.khr% iVkskjks u HkofrA izfrfnua p tya iznwf"kra HkofrA
rr~ iznwf"kra tya ihRok tuk vfi #X.kk HkofUrA dFka p bes
okj.kh;k%---\
lglk dksykgy%Jqr%A eqfu% cfgjkxR; vi';r~A osQpu
tuk ,da ckyda rkM;fUrA ra p HkRlZ;fUrA ckyd% Hk;su dEirs
Unfr pA eqfu% r=k mifLFkr%A tuku~ okjf;Rok vi`PNr~A fde~

58

HkkLorh

vHkor~\ fdeFk HkoUr% ,ua rkM;fUr\ tuk% vonu~A ,"k

feF;koknhA lnSo feF;kHkk"k.ka djksfrA o`Fkk lokZu~ izrkj;frA
l|% vLeku~ izrkfjroku~A
eqfu% ckyde~ vi`PNr~A
vjs! lR;a u onfl\
ckyd% dfEird.Bsu vonr~A
lR;a fde~\
eqfu% rek'okflroku~A
& u tkukfl\ rfgZ e;k lg vkxPNrqA
,oe~ mDRok rL; dja /`Rok eqfu% vkJea izfr ckyde~ vkuhroku~A
eqfu% vfpUr;r~ & v;eso leqfpr% le;%A vfLeoljs xzkE;tuk%
vo';a f'k{kf;rO;k%A rr% eqfu% ckydei`PNr~A
& d ro uke\
& ukEukga ".k%A
& Hkorq] osQu izdkjs.k feF;k dFk;fl\
& ;FksPNa onkfeA
& rfgZ beka iq"dfj.kha n`"V~ok fdefi dFk;A
ckyd% ".k% izlUu% ltkr%A lg"k p vo.kZ;r~&
tysfLeu~ ,dks egku~ eRL;% vfLrA Hkks%! tuk%
vkxPNr ------------------- i';r ----------------] dhn`'ka l% [ksyfrA
eqfu% vonr~ % lk/q ---------------- lE;d~ fpfUrre~A rfgZ 'o%
izHkkrs xzkE;tuku~ lk/q ,rkon~ onA
".k% fdfpr~ oqQf.BrksHkor~A
& ufg] rs eka rkMf;";fUrA
& vjs] ufg ----------------A vuUrja ekeso lk{khdfj";flA
vijizHkkrs ".k% xzkeL; izfrekx tuku~ vonr~&iq"dfj.;ke~
,dks egku~ eRL;ks e;k n`"V%A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~

59

osQpu vonu~&
& vjs] Roa feF;koknhA ro opus dks fo'okl%\
rr~ {k.ka ".k% mDroku~A
rnkuha e;k lg eqfu% vklhr~A lksfi n`"Voku~A vkxPN ----------r=k
i`PN -----------------------A
eqfua lkf{k:is.k LohR; xzkE;tuk% vijfnus eRL;kUos"k.ka roUr%A
vUrr% losZ fefyRok iq"dfj.kha izfo"Vk%A eRL;ku~ p /`roUr%A
fdUrq egkeRL;L; lU/kua u izkIre~A fnuiw.k rs vfUo"VoUr%A
lk;adkys furjka fojDrk% vHkou~A eqfueqixE; ljks"keonu~&
& d Hkokufi vLeku~ izrkj;fr\
eqfu% /hjHkkosu vonr~A
& vjs ! egkeRL;% d
ljyr;k /rq 'kD;rs\!
rnFk Je% vko';d%A 'o%
izHkkrs cU/PNsna Rok tya
fu"dkl;rA
rnzk=kkS xzkE;tukuka us=k;ks%
funzk ukfLrA rs izkrjkxR;
iz F ker% rVofrZ o ` { kk.kka
Nsnua roUr%A cU/PNsna
Rok tya p cfg"roUr%A
,oa izdkjs.k dfr fnukfu
O;rhrkfuA rr% ikskja
Rok iq " dfj.kha xHkhjka
roUr%A ia p vkuh;
'kL;{ks=ks izlkfjroUr% & bRFka funk?kdky% mixr%A lglk
o`f"VjHkor~A iq"dfj.kh p iw.kkZ latkrkA fueZya tya n`"V~ok losZ
izlUuk% vHkou~A rVkuka ifj"dj.ksu loZ=k lkSfo;euqHkwre~A

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t

60

HkkLorh

& br% ;fn df'pr~ tya nw"kf;";fr l% n.M~;ks Hkfo";frA

,dnk eqfu% ,dfLeu~ rVs ".ka n`"V~ok vkdkfjroku~A re~ vkJe&
ekuh; vi`PNr~A
& vjs] ".k! lR;a d Kkra u ok\
& u Kkre~A
& vjs! lR;dFkusu osQoya lR;a u HkofrA ;r~ dY;k.kdja opua
rnfi lR;e~A
& firkegh iqyksetkecks/;r~A vr ,o vLekoaQ 'kkL=ks orZrs&
lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra Hkosr~A
;n~HkwrfgreR;Uresrr~ lR;a era eeAA

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

o
n

xzkeksikUrs
iq"dfj.kh
rL;k ,o
r=kSo
xkses"kPNkxknhuke~
rVlayXuk'p
lksfi
fpUrkeXu%
cks/f;rO;k%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ikskj%
iznwf"kre~

&
&

izfrfnue~
okj.kh;k%

&
&

cfgjkxR;

&

xzkeL; mikUrs] xko osQ iklA

L=kh izFkek , o] ckoM+hA
rL;k% $ ,o] mlls ghA
r=k $ ,o] oghaA
xkses"k $ Nkx $ vknhuke~] xk;] HksM+] cdjh vkfn osQA
rVlayXuk% $ p] fdukjs osQ lkFk yxs gq,A
l% $ vfi] og HkhA
fpUrk;ka eXu% lIreh rRiq fpUrk esa Mwck gqvkA
cq/~ $ f.kp~ $ rO;r~A iqa- iz- fo- cgq- o-] le>k;k
tk;sA
iL; mkj%] "k"Bh rRiq dhpM+ dks fudkyukA
iz $ nw"k~ $ f.kp~ $ Dr] uiqa] iz fo] , o] xUnk
fd;k gqvkA
fnua fnua izfr] vO;;hHkko lekl izfrfnuA
o` $ f.kp~ $ vuh;j~] iq iz fo cgq o] jksdk
tk;sA
cfg% $ vkxR;] ckgj vkdjA

61

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~
vkxR;
HkRlZ;fUr
mifLFkr%
okjf;Rok
lnSo
l|%
izrkfjroku~
dfEird.Bsu
vk'okflroku~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vfLeUuoljs
xzkE;tuk%
f'k{kf;rO;k

&
&
&

ukEukge~
;FksPNe~
n`"V~ok
ltkr%
tysfLeu~
lg"kZe~
oqQf.BrksHkor~
lk{khdfj";fl

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

izfrekxZe~

&

vk $ xe~ $ DRok >Y;i~] vkdjA

HkRl~Z & yV~ y] iz iq cgq o] MkVrs gSaA
mi $ LFkk $ Dr] iqa iz fo , o] vk;k gSA
o` $ f.kp~ $ DRok >Y;i~ jksddjA
lnk $ ,o] lnSoA
'kh?kz (vO;;)A
iz $ r` $ f.kp~ $ Drorq] BxkA
dfEir% d.B% ;L; l% rsu] cgq l] Mjs Loj lsA
vk $ 'ol~ $ f.kp~ $ Drorq iqa iz fo , o]
vk'oklu fn;kA
vfLeu~ $ voljs] bl volj ijA
xzkE;k% tuk%] deZ/kj;] xko osQ yksxA
f'k{k~ $ f.kp~ $ rO;r~A iqa iz fo cgq o] f'kf{kr
fd;s tkus pkfg,A
ukEuk $ vge~] uke ls eSaA
bPNke~ vufrE;] vO;;hHkko] bPNk osQ vuqlkjA
n`'k~ $ DRok] ns[kdjA
le~ $ tu~ $ Dr iqa iz fo] , o] gks x;kA
tys $ vfLeu~ bl ikuh esaA
g"ksZ.k lg] vO;;hHkko l [kq'k gksdjA
oqQf.Br% $ vHkor~ nq%[kh gqvkA
vlkf{k.ka lkf{k.ka dfj";flA lkf{ku~ $ fPo $ $
y`V~ e;e iq , o] lk{kkr~ djksxsA
ekx ekx izfr] vO;;hHkko] izR;sd ekxZ esaA

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vH;kl%

1- vkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k ns;kfu

(d) vL;k% dFkk;k% ys[kd% d% vfLr\
([k) iq"dfj.;k% uke fdeklhr~\

62

HkkLorh
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)

eqfu% oSQ% dkj.kS% fpfUrr% vklhr~\

eqfu% tuku~ fde~ vi`PNr~\
ckyd% ".k% iq"dfj.;k% fo"k;ss fde~ vdFk;r~\
egkeRL;L; lUkkue~ oqQ=k u izkIre~\
okLrfode~ lR;e~ fdefLr\

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
2- ekr`Hkk"k;k HkkokFk fy[kr
(d) iq"dfj.khr% ikskjks u HkofrA
([k) xzkE;tuk% ty'kkskukFkZe~ vo';a f'k{kf;rO;k%A
3- ekr`Hkk"k;k vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra Hkosr~A
;n~HkwrfgreR;Uresrr~ lR;a era eeAA

4- vkksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka inifjp;a fy[kr

vkuh;] vlarq"V%] okjf;Rok] izrkfjorku~] lE;d~] vklhr~] izlUuk%] Js;%]
ifj"dj.ke~] izFker%A
5- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) iq"dfj.khe~ ------------------------ ukuk o`{kk% lfUrA
([k) osQu izdkjs.k ------------------------ cks/f;rO;k%A
(x) iznwf"kra tya ------------------------ tuk% vfi #X.kk% HkofUrA
(?k) tysfLeu~ ------------------------ vfLrA
() 'o% izHkkrs ------------------------ Rok tya fu"dkl;rA
6- lfU/PNsna oqQ#r
r=kSo] lksfi] ikskj%] vfLeUuoljs] ;FksPNe~] rnzk=kkSA

o
n

7- lfoxzga lekluke fy[kr

rVlayXuk%] vlarq"V%] feF;koknh] dfEird.Bsu] xzkE;tuku~] cUkPNsne~]
fueZye~A

63

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lekukUrjlwDr;%

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
(1) lR;a uke euksokDdk;deZfHk% HkwrfgrkFkZefHkHkk"k.ke~A
('kkf.MY;ksifu"kn~)
(2) vuqn~osxdja okD;a lR;a fiz;fgra p ;r~A
Lok;k;kH;lua pSo ok~e;a ri mP;rsAA (Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk 17@15)
(3) lR;a p d Hkwrfgra lnSoA

o
n

('kjkpk;Ziz'ukskjh&22)

(4) lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra onsr~A

;n~HkwrfgreR;Ura rRlR;fefr dF;rsAA

(O;k[;kuekyk 4@9)

(5) ukfLr lR;leks /eksZ u lR;kf}|rs ije~A

u fg rhozrja fdfpn~ vu`rkfng fo|rsAA

(O;k[;kuekyk 4@2)

ifjf'k"V

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
vuq'kaflr xzUFk

ozQ-la- xzUFkuke
1-

2345-

67-

891011-

o
n

1213-

14-

Xosn

ys[kd

----------

laiknd@izdk'kd

la- iz- ,u- ,l- lksuVDosQ] oSfnd

la'kks/u e.My] iwuk & 2
;tqosZn
mOoVeghkjHkk"; pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1912
---------vFkoZosn
lkroysdj ikjMh] 1957
jkek;.k
okYehfd
ukx ifCy'klZ fnYyh 1990 iqueqZfnzr
laLdj.k
ipjk=k
Hkkl
HkklukVdpozQe~] la- lh- vkj- nsokj]
vksfj,.Vy cqd ,tsUlh] iwuk & 1954
egkHkk";
iratfy
pk#nso 'kkL=kh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
caxyksjksM] fnYyh & 7
tkrdekyk
vk;Z'kwj
lw;uZ kjk;.k pkS/jh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYyh & 1971
e`PNdfVd
'kwnzd
fu.kZ;lkxj izsl] eqEcbZA
fgrksins'k
ukjk;.k'kekZ
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
pjd lafgrk pjd
pkS[kEck laLr laLFkku] okjk.klhA
n'koqQekjpfjr n.Mh
Jhfo'oukFk >k] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYYkh & 7
dFkklfjRlkxj lksenso
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
laLr ukVd ,- ch- dhFk
mn;Hkkuq flag] (fgUnh vuqokn)
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
laLr lkfgR; cynso mik;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klhA
dk bfrgkl

65

;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~
ifjf'k"V
15- oSfnd lkfgR;
vkSj laLfr
16- egkHkkjr
17- vfHkKku&
'kkdqUrye~
18- dknEcjh
19- lR;kxzgxhrk
20- Hkkjrfot;
ukVde~
21- e`PNdfVd

cynso mik?;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klhA

22- dFkklfjRlkxj

'kwnzd

23- lqCc..k%

ekfLr osVs'k
vk;axkj

O;kl
dkfynkl

eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyhA

eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyhA

ck.kHk
{kekjko if.Mrk
eFkqjkizlkn
nhf{kr
'kwnzd

eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7

pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klhA
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyh & 7

o
n

d
e
h
s
T
i
l
R
b
E
u
C
p
N re
e
b
o
t
t
fgUnh vuqokn eksgujkds'k] jktdey
izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 1962
fgUnh:ikUrj izks- jk/k oYyHk f=kikBh]
us'kuy cqd VLV] ubZ fnYyh] 2005
laLr vuqoknd gks- uk- osVs'k 'kekZ
'kkL=kh] vf[ky dukZVd laLr ifj"kn~
caSxywj] 1993