Fishbone Analysis

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What is a Fishbone diagram or Fishbone Analysis?

Fishbone diagram is a analysis tool to provide systematic way of understanding effects and the causes that create those effect. The design of the diagram looks like the skeleton of a fish hence, it is referred to as the fishbone diagram.

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A fishbone diagram be used when:

The team needs to study a problem to determine the root cause Want to study all the possible reasons why a process is having difficulties, problems, or breakdowns in the initial stages of the process. Need to identify areas for data collection To study why a process is not performing properly and/or producing the expected results

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Creating a Fishbone Diagram

Draw a fishbone diagram List the problem/issue to be studied in the head of the fish Label each bone of the fish. The major categories typically used are:

The 4 Ms / 6 Ms: Methods, Machines, Materials, Manpower, Measurement, Management Repeat this procedure with each factor under the category to produce sub-factors. Continue asking, Why is this happening? and put additional segments each factor and subsequently under each sub-factor. Continue until you no longer get useful information as you ask, Why is that happening? Analyse the results of the fishbone after team members agree that an adequate amount of detail has been provided under each major category. Do this by looking for those items that appear in more than one category. These become the most likely causes. For those items identified as the most likely causes, the team should reach consensus on listing those items in priority order with the first item being the most probable cause.

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Steps
Step 1 - Identify and clearly define the outcome or effect to be analyzed Step 2 - Use a chart pack positioned so that everyone can see it, draw the spine and create the effect box. Step 3 - Identify the main causes contributing to the effect being studied. Step 4 - For each major branch, identify other specific factors which may be the causes of the effect Step 5 - Identify increasingly more detailed levels of causes and continue organizing them under related causes or categories. You can do this by asking a series of why questions. Step 6 - Analyze the diagram. Look for causes that appear repeatedly. These may represent root causes. Look for what you can measure in each cause so you can quantify the effects of any changes you make.
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Thank You

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