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Thickness Grade of concrete N/mm2 Grade of reinforcement steel N/mm2 Dia of main bar Concrete cover Effec depth of slab mm Distance top of road to top of pipe 1.2 m 150 kN Heavy veicle wheels 75 kN = = 25.0 75.0 = 350 = = = 13400 = = 450 = 60.0 = 460.0 mm mm 5400 1000.0 mm mm
75 kN
45o
Schemetic drawing showing typical axle load & vehicle dimensions on heavy-duty r oad 4 m 2m
2m
150
kN 20 = 270000 m.f.
150 *
kN = m.f. span
Assuming modification factor For heavy duty slab Try effective depth, d Overall depth of slab, h Dead load due to slab 24 = Dead load due to soil 18 = Dead load due to pavement * 20 = Total dead load Distance from top of premix to neutral axis of slab Wheel load dispersion area + 0.25 = Live load on slab from vehicle kN/m2 Total ultimate design load, p 1.4 * 22.8 + 1.6 ( For 1.0 width of slab) Max. Moment, Mmax lx = Bending reinforcement k z 0.25 k / 0.9 = = = ) 1/2 } = = M / bd2fCU 0.046 d { 0.95 M / 0.95 fy z 0.5 8 336 * 37.5 = 2.00 3.0 = 22.8 9 10.8 = = =
450 *
0.15
+ d
Asreq
= We try bar spacing mm Asprov = = ( OK ) To provide T Check on span-effective depth ratio M / bd2 = 25
2322 = 7 3437 @ *
150
2.74 = =
From table 3.10 BS 8110, the span-effective depth modification factor 0.928 Limiting ; Span / Effective Depth 20 * 0.928 = Actual ; Span / Effective Depth / 350 = Thus d is adequate Check on shear At the face of support Shear, v 248.2 kN 2 0.71 Shear Stress, < 0.8 fcu (OK) bd Design Concrete Shear Stress Vc (N/mm2) A = 400 / d = B = 100*Asprov / (b*d) = C = fcu / 25 Vc = 0.79/1.25*(A)1/4*(B)1/3*(C)1/3 0.87 <3.0 OK = 2.40 = >1 OK 1.14 = 0.98 = = v = 496.4 15.4 = 350 18.6 =
5400
mm
According to table 3.16 BS 8110, since < Vc, no further shear check or reinforcem ent are required.
Pile design We try ng 300 mm dia. pile with 1200 mm spaci = = = = 24 0.9 0.9 = = = Total load of pile cap kN + Total service load 37.5 ) * ( 5.4 + = kN Load transferred to each ( PASS ) pile 13.4 339.02 = ) } { ( + 521.0 kN = 14.1 22.8 26.8 = 13.40 m 521.0 0.80
Capacity of pile in compression 400 kN Total no of pile Width of pile cap, Lfz m Depth of pile cap, h m Effec. depth Pile cap, defc m * Length of Pile cap 2 side
900 14000 Use Beam Bending Analysis Bottom Reinforcement Design - Under compressive load - bottom in tension
= Ult. Pile Comp. Load = Weight of Soil = Weight of Pilecap Weight of RC slab S Psb Psoil Ppc Pcu Tension s/2 + e Pcu
Take Momen about centreline of pilecap and allow 75 mm of error in plan position of piles. Ignored stump weight Ultimate, M 1.4( PPC *s/2) = = - ( PSOIL * s/2 ) 373.70 kNm PCU ( s/2 + e ) ( PSb * s/2 )
Area of steel required k = = z = = M b * dEF 2 * fCu 0.011 dEF [ 0.5 + ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )1/2] 0.99 dEF , dEF M / (0.87 fy z) T 25 = As prov = = 1229 2946 > 0.95 dEF
(Asprov > As OK) Clear spacing = Top Reinforcement Design - Under tension load - top is in tension PTU PSOIL PPc = Ult. Pile tensile Load = Weight of Soil = Weight of Pilecap S Tension 120 mm
Take Momen about centreline of pilecap and allow 75mm of error in plan p osition of piles. Ignored stump weight Ultimate, M 1.4( PPC *s/2) = = + ( PSOIL * s/2 ) + 436.30 kNm PTU ( S/2 + e ) + ( PSb * s/2 )
Area of steel required k = = z = = use z = Asreq = 1435 mm2 (Asprov > As OK) Clear spacing = Shear reinforcement design Check shear at critical section in accordance with BS 8110 Part 1 clause 3.11.4 Lfz 1.4 * PCU = = N/mm2 560 kN Shear at critical section, vz V / (Lfz * dEF) = 0.78 For critical section z-z = 0.9 Shear Force, Vz = = 120 mm mm2 Provide 6 T 25 = As prov = 2946 M b * dEF 2 * fCu 0.010 dEF [ 0.5 + ( 0.25 - k/0.9 )1/2] 0.99 dEF , 0.95 > dEF = 0.95 dEF
M / (0.87 fy z)
= =
Check 0.8(fcu)1/2 6.20 N/mm2 Design concrete shear stress, vc 100 As bd 400 d fCU 30 vc fCU 1/3 1.25 bd d 30 = = = = 0.41 0.50 2 0.79 100 As 1/3 400 1/4 < 3 < 1 OK 1
Design concrete shear stress vc, 0.59 N/mm2 Shear enhancement: cl 3.4.5.8
Within a distance of 2d from a support or a concentrated load, the desig n concrete shear stress, vc can be increased to vc(2d/av). The distance av is measured fr om support or concentrated load to the section being design plus 0.2 pile diameter Distance av iameter 2 dEF = vc, enhancement factor * vc / av 15.77 N/mm2 = 60 = mm y + 20% pile d =
This value is greater than v = 0.78 N/mm2, thus no reinforcement is required. Form clause 3.11.4.5, to check punching shear, the design shear stress a t the perimeter of the concentrated load Design stress * 560 * 1000 2 * 13949.3 = 11
6.20
Coefficient of active pressure 0.25 ( for angle of friction, 0 ) * * Active earth pressure Ka * 18 * 0.2025 * h2
= 39 1/2 0.25
Ma 0.15
= =
Ps
* =
= Ma 0.225 = * Ultimate Shear Force, ( 0.46 + 1.35 ) = Ultimate Bending Moment, 1.4 * ( 0.07 + 0.30 ) = b = =
d 10
= =
75
= d2
N/mm2
*As d As
= = =
Provide 5 mm2
16
= As prov
(Asprov > As OK) Clear spacing = Shear check = = Design concrete shear stress, vc 100 As bd 400 d fCU 30 vc fCU 1/3 1.25 = bd d 30 = = = = 0.28 1.10 2 0.79 100 As 1/3 400 1/4 < 3 > 1 OK 1.095890411 V b* 0.007 d N/mm2 193 mm