Presentation

This glossary contains the 552 most frequent Esperanto words and morphemes (Groups 1 to 4 of the Baza Radikaro Oficiala, Aktoj de la Akademio II, 1968-1974). It also contains all words used in the Free Esperanto Course. It is estimated from word frequency studies that this corresponds to approximately 2000 words in other languages and covers 80 % of the words encountered. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the rules of word formation in Esperanto; however, a few compound words which are likely to be difficult for the beginner (aligxi, denove, tagmangxo) are indicated separately. Grammatical endings and affixes appear first, although most of them can be used as independent words (ulo: person; ebla: possible; etc.), as does the table of correlatives. The rest of the words appear alphabetically according to the root, so that "mon/o" appears before "mond/o", for example. The letter following the slash indicates the grammatical nature of the root: /o for nominal, /a for adjectival, and /i for verbal. I have followed the grammatical categories in the Baza Radikaro Oficiala. A few roots and affixes are hybrid; in this case, both classes are indicated separately. Words which appear in the Free Esperanto Course but are not among the 552 most frequent words are marked with an asterisk (*). A few correlatives also fall in this category. This glossary may be freely copied and distributed. Link to this page: http://purl.org/net/panorama/angla/vortaro.htm Yves Bellefeuille <yan @ storm.ca>

Grammatical endings, affixes, correlatives:

-a -e -j -n -o Verbs: -i -as -is -os -us -u infinitive present past future conditional volitive (imperative, subjunctive) past active passive Prefixes: bocxefdisekgemalrerelation by marriage, "in-law" bopatrino: mother-in-law; bofrato: brother-in-law head, chief cxefurbo: capital; cxefministro: prime minister separation, scattering disjxeti: to throw about; dissendi: to distribute sudden or momentary action ekbrili: to flash; ekkrii: to shout out both sexes together gepatroj: father and mother; gesinjoroj: ladies and gentlemen opposite granda: big, malgranda: small; ricxa: rich, malricxa: poor over again, back again resendi: to send back; rekonstrui: to rebuild -int-itpresent -ant-atfuture -ont-otadjective adverb plural accusative noun

Participles:

Suffixes: -adi to do an action persistently or repeatedly kuradi: to keep on running; vizitadi: to visit habitually -ado frequent or continuous action kuirado: cooking; parolado: speech -ajxo thing, substance novajxo: news, novelty; mangxajxo: food -ano member, inhabitant Usonano: American; Kristano: Christian -aro collection, group arbaro: forest; vortaro: dictionary -ebla possible videbla: visible; kredebla: credible -eco abstract quality boneco: goodness; amikeco: friendship -eggreat size, intense degree, augmentative domego: mansion; varmega: extremely hot -ejo place lernejo: school; vendejo: store -ema propensity, tendency parolema: talkative; ludema: playful -estro leader, chief lernejestro: school principal; urbestro: mayor -etsmallness, small degree, diminutive varmeta: lukewarm; libreto: booklet -ido child, descendent katido: kitten; regxo: king, regxido: prince -igi to make, to cause to become purigi: to clean; mortigi: to kill -igxi to become naskigxi: to be born; edzigxi: to marry (become a husband) -ilo tool, instrument trancxilo: knife; ludilo: a toy -inda worthy of memorinda: memorable; vidinda: worth seeing -ino feminine patrino: mother; bovino: cow -ismo doctrine, system (as in English) komunismo: communism; kristanismo: Christianity -isto person connected with something (as in English) instruisto: teacher; komunisto: communist -obla multiple duobla: double; trioble: triply -ona fraction duona: half (of); centono: one hundredth -ujo container, country monujo: purse; Anglujo: England (now often "-io" in this sense) -ulo person possessing a quality or characteristic ricxulo: rich man; junulo: young person -umindefinite suffix indicating some relation with the root kolumo: collar; malvarmumo: a cold; plenumi: to fulfill (This is not a complete list of all official prefixes and suffixes, but only the most frequent.)

Table of Correlatives:

WHICH, WHAT

THAT

SOME

NO

EACH, EVERY

ONE

KIU which one, who

TIU that one

IU someone, somebody

NENIU no-one, nobody

CXIU each one, everybody

THING

KIO what thing, what

TIO that thing

IO something

NENIO nothing

CXIO everything

KIND

KIA

TIA

IA

NENIA

CXIA every kind of

what kind of that kind of some kind of no kind of

PLACE

KIE where

TIE there

IE somewhere

NENIE nowhere

CXIE everywhere

WAY

KIEL how, in what way

TIEL thus, in that way

IEL* somehow, in some way

NENIEL* "nohow", in no way

CXIEL* in every way

REASON

KIAL why, for what reason

TIAL so, for that reason

IAL* for some reason

NENIAL* for no reason

CXIAL* for every reason

TIME

KIAM when, at what time

TIAM then, at that time

IAM

NENIAM

CXIAM always, every time

at some time never, at no time

QUANTITY

KIOM how much, how many

TIOM that much, that many

IOM some (quantity)

NENIOM none

CXIOM the whole quantity, all

ONE'S

KIES whose, which one's

TIES* that one's

IES* someone's

NENIES* no-one's, nobody's

CXIES* everyone's everybody's

Glossary A
acxet/i adiaux* aer/o afabl/a afer/o Afrik/o* agrabl/a agx/o ajn akcept/i akr/a* akv/o al al/igx/i* al/ven/i* ali/a almenaux alt/a am/i amas/o ambaux amik/o Angl/o* angul/o ankaux ankoraux anstataux antaux apart/a apenaux aper/i apetit/o* april/o* apud arb/o art/o atend/i atent/a atest/i* aux auxd/i auxgust/o* auxskult/i auxt/o* auxtobus/o* auxtun/o av/o to buy good-bye air kind, friendly matter, affair, thing Africa pleasant, nice age -ever (e.g. kiu ajn: whoever; iam ajn: whenever) to accept sharp water to, towards (preposition) to join (intrans.) to arrive (intrans.) other at least (adverb) high, tall to love, to like mass, crowd both friend Englishman corner, angle also, too (adverb) still (adverb) instead of (preposition, conjunction) before (preposition) separate barely, scarcely (adverb) to appear appetite april beside, near (preposition) tree art to wait attentive, careful to attest, to certify or, either... or... (conjunction) to hear august to listen automobile, car bus, coach autumn, fall grandfather

B
baldaux bat/i batal/i bel/a best/o bezon/i bicikl/o* bier/o* bigami/o* bilard/o* bild/o bird/o blank/a blind/a* blond/a* blu/a soon (adverb) to hit, to beat to fight lovely, beautiful animal to need, to require bicycle beer bigamy billiards, pool picture, image bird white blind blond blue

bon/a bord/o bov/o* brak/o bril/i bru/i brul/i brun/a* Bruno* bub/o* bufed/o* busx/o butik/o* butik/um/i*

good border, shore, bank bull, ox arm to shine, to be bright to make a noise to burn, to be on fire (intrans.) brown Esperantized version of the name "Brown" boy, lad (often pejorative) buffet, snack-bar mouth store, shop to go shopping

C
cel/i cent cert/a ci* cigared/o* to aim at (one) hundred sure, certain thou (rare) cigarette

cx
cxambr/o cxapel/o cxar cxas/i* cxe cxeval/o cxi here) cxiel/o cxirkaux cxokolad/o* cxu room hat because, since (conjunction) to hunt at, by (preposition) horse indicates proximity (e.g. tio: that; tio cxi: this; tie: there; tie cxi: heaven, sky around, approximately (adverb) chocolate whether (interrogative particle)

D
da Dalas/o* danc/i* dank/i dauxr/i de de/nov/e* decembr/o* dek dekstr/a demand/i dens/a* dent/o dev/i dezir/i di/o dik/a dimancx/o* dir/i direkt/o disk/o* divers/a do dolcx/a dolor/o dom/o don/i dorm/i du dub/i dum of (follows quantity or measure) (preposition) Dallas to dance to thank to last, to continue, to go on of, from (preposition) again, once more december ten right (side) to ask (a question) dense, thick tooth to have to, to must to wish, to desire god thick, fat sunday to say direction disk, record varied therefore, so, then (conjunction) sweet pain house, building to give to sleep two to doubt (trans.) while (conjunction), during (preposition)

ecx edz/o ehx/o* ekster ekzempl/o ekzerc/i* el elekt/i en erar/i eskim/o* esper/i esperant/o* est/i Euxklid/o* Euxrop/o*

even (adverb) husband echo outside, out of (preposition) example to exercise, to practice out of, from (preposition) to choose, to elect in, into (with accusative) (preposition) to err, to make a mistake Eskimo, Inuit to hope esperanto to be Euclid Europe

F
facil/a fajr/o fal/i famili/o far/i fart/i* februar/o* felicx/a fenestr/o fer/o ferm/i fest/i fil/o fin/i fingr/o fisx/o flank/o flav/a* flor/o flug/i foj/o for forges/i form/o fort/a frap/i frat/o frauxl/o fremd/a fru/a frukt/o fum/o* easy fire to fall family to do, to make to fare, to feel ("Kiel vi fartas?": "How are you?") february happy window iron to close to celebrate son to finish, to end (something) (trans.) finger fish side yellow flower to fly time, occasion far, away (adverb) to forget form strong to hit, to strike brother bachelor (frauxlino: unmarried woman, "Miss") foreign, alien early fruit smoke

G
gaj/a gajn/i gazet/o geografi/o* glaci/o* glas/o glob/o* gol/o* grand/a grav/a griz/a* gust/o* gust/um/i* happy, cheerful to win, to acquire magazine geography ice (drinking) glass globe, sphere goal (scored) large, great important gray taste to taste (something) (trans.)

gx
gxangal/o* gxarden/o jungle garden

gxi gxis gxoj/i gxust/a

it till, until, as far as (preposition, conjunction) to be glad, to rejoice correct, exact

H
ha! halt/i har/o hav/i hejm/o hel/a help/i herb/o* hieraux histori/o ho! hodiaux hom/o hor/o hund/o ah! (interjection) to stop (intrans.) (one) hair to have home bright, clear to help grass yesterday history o!, oh! (interjection) today person hour, time of day dog

hx
hxor/o* choir, chorus

I
ide/o ili imag/i* indian/o* infan/o insekt/o* instru/i* inter interes/o interes/i intern/a ir/i idea they to imagine (American) Indian child insect to teach between, among (preposition) interest to interest, to be interesting to (trans.) internal, inside to go

J
ja jahxt/o* jam januar/o* jar/o je jen jes Johan/o* juli/o* jun/a juni/o* just/a indeed (emphatic particle) yacht already (adverb) january year as regards, in relation to (indefinite preposition) here is (are), look!; sometimes... sometimes..., now... now... yes John july young june just, fair

jx
jxaluz/a* jxauxd/o* jxet/i jxurnal/o* jxus jealous thursday to throw newspaper just, just now (adverb)

K
kaf/o* kaj Kalgari/o* coffee and (conjunction) Calgary

kalkul/i kamp/o kanjon/o* kant/i kap/o kapt/i kar/a kasx/i kat/o kauxz/o ke kelk/a klar/a klin/i* klub/o* knab/o kol/o kolekt/i koler/i kolor/o komenc/i komerc/i kompren/i komun/a kon/i konduk/i kongres/o* konsent/i konsil/i konstru/i kontent/a kontraux kor/o korespond/i* korp/o kort/o kost/i kovert/o* kovr/i kred/i kresk/i kri/i krom ktp* kuir/i kuk/o* kun kunikl/o* kur/i kuragx/a kurs/o* kusx/i kutim/o kvankam kvar kvazaux kvin

to calculate, to count field, area canyon to sing head to catch dear to hide (trans.) cat cause that (conjunction) some clear to incline, to bend (trans.) club, group boy neck to collect (trans.) to be angry color to begin (something) (trans.) to trade, to do business to understand common, general to know to lead congress, convention to agree to advise to build satisfied, content against, opposite (preposition) heart to correspond, to exchange letters body yard, courtyard to cost envelope to cover to believe to grow (intrans.) to yell, to cry out besides, except (preposition) "kaj tiel plu" ("and so on") (abbr.) to cook cake with (preposition) rabbit to run brave, courageous course, series of lessons to lie down custom, habit although (conjunction) four as if, as though (conjunction, adverb) five

L
la labor/i lac/a lakt/o land/o largx/a las/i last/a laux lav/i lecion/o* leg/i lern/i leter/o lev/i the (definite article) to work tired milk country, land wide to leave, to allow last according to, along (preposition) to wash (trans.) lesson to read to learn letter (correspondence) to lift

li liber/a libr/o lig/o lig/i lign/o limonad/o* lingv/o lini/o lit/o logx/i lok/o London/o* long/a lud/i lum/i lund/o*

he free, independent book league, alliance to tie, to bind wood lemonade, soft drink (Europe) language line bed to live, to inhabit place, position London long to play to shine, to give light monday

M
maj/o* man/o mangx/i mank/i mar/o mard/o* mark/o mart/o* maten/o maten/mangx/o* mejl/o* mem membr/o* memor/i merkred/o* met/i mez/o mezur/i mi mil milion/o* milit/i minut/o mir/i moment/o mon/o monat/o mond/o mont/o montr/i morgaux mort/i mov/i mult/a mur/o may (month) hand to eat to be lacking, to be absent sea, ocean tuesday sign, mark march (month) morning breakfast mile -self, -selves member to remember wednesday to put, to place middle to measure (something) (trans.) I, me (one) thousand million to wage war minute to marvel, to be amazed moment money month world mountain to show tomorrow to die (intrans.) to move (something) (trans.) much, a lot of wall

N
naci/o nagx/i* nask/i natur/o naux naz/o ne neces/a negx/o nek neuxtral/a* ni nigr/a nokt/o nom/o nombr/o nation to swim to give birth (to) (trans.) nature nine nose no, not necessary snow nor, neither... nor... (conjunction) neutral, impartial we, us black night name number, amount

nord/a* nov/a Nov-Jork/o* novembr/o* nu nub/o nul nul/o* nun nur

north new New York november well!, now! (interjection) cloud zero nil, name of the number zero now only (adverb)

O
oft/a ok okaz/i oktobr/o* okul/o okup/i ol ond/o* oni onkl/o opini/i ord/o ordon/i orel/o ost/o* ov/o* frequent, common eight to happen, to occur October eye to occupy than (in comparisions) (conjunction) wave one, people, "they" (indefinite pronoun) uncle to think, to have an opinion order to order, to command ear bone egg

P
pac/o paf/i* pag/i pan/o pantofl/o* paper/o pardon/i Pariz/o* parol/i part/o pas/i pasx/i patr/o pec/o pen/i pens/i per perd/i permes/i person/o pet/i pied/o pilk/o* placx/i* plagx/o* plank/o plej plen/a plend/i plezur/o pli plor/i plu plum/o pluv/o polus/o* popol/o por pord/o port/i post postul/i peace to shoot to pay bread slipper paper to forgive, to excuse Paris to speak part to pass to step, to pace father piece, bit to try, to endeavour to think by (means of), with (preposition) to lose to allow, to permit person to ask (for), to request foot ball (for playing) to please, to be pleasing beach floor most (superlative) (adverb) full to complain pleasure, enjoyment more (comparative) (adverb) to cry, to weep further, more (adverb) pen rain pole (as in North Pole) people, nation for, in order to (preposition) door to carry after, behind (preposition) to demand, to require

posx/o* pov/i prav/a precip/a prem/i pren/i preskaux pret/a preter prezent/i pri printemp/o pro problem/o* profund/a proksim/a promen/i* propr/a prosper/i* prov/i pun/i* punkt/o pur/a

pocket to be able (to) right, correct main, principal to press, to squeeze to take almost (adverb) ready beyond, past (preposition) to present about, concerning (preposition) spring because of, by reason of (preposition) problem deep near, close to take a walk (one's) own to prosper to try, to test to punish point, period clean, pure

R
rajt/o rakont/i rapid/a reg/i renkont/i respond/i rest/i rest/o ricev/i ricx/a rid/i rigard/i rimark/i rimed/o ripoz/i river/o rob/o* romp/i rond/o roz/o rugx/a a right to tell, to narrate quick, fast to rule, to control to meet to answer to remain, to continue to be rest, remainder to receive rich to laugh to look (at) to notice means, resource to rest river a dress to break (trans.) round, circle rose red

S
sabat/o* sabl/o* sag/o* salt/i salut/i sam/a san/a San-Francisk/o* sandvicx/o* sang/o sat/a sci/i se sed segx/o sek/a* sekv/i semajn/o sen send/i sent/i sep septembr/o* sercx/i saturday sand arrow to jump to greet same healthy San Francisco sandwich blood full, not hungry to know if (conjunction) but (conjunction) chair dry to follow week without (preposition) to send to feel (trans.) seven september to look for, to seek

serv/i ses si sid/i silent/i simpl/a sinjor/o skatol/o* skrib/i soif/i* sol/a solv/i* somer/o son/i spec/o staci/o star/i stat/o step/o* strat/o stud/i* sub sufer/i suficx/a sukces/i* suker/o sun/o super supr/o sur

to serve six (him)self, (her)self, (one)self (reflexive pronoun) to sit to be silent simple mister, gentleman box, case to write to be thirsty alone to solve (trans.) summer to sound kind, sort station (for bus, train, etc.) to stand state, condition steppe street to study under, beneath (preposition) to suffer sufficient, enough to succeed sugar sun over, above (preposition) top, summit on, upon (preposition)

sx
sxaf/o* sxajn/i sxangx/i sxat/i* sxi sxip/o sxose/o* sxton/o sxu/o* sheep to seem, to appear to be to change (trans.) to have a high opinion of, to value, to like she ship road, roadway stone shoe

T
tabl/o tabl/o/tenis/o* tag/o tag/mangx/o* tajp/i* tamen tamtam/o* tas/o* task/o* te/o* teatr/o* Teksas/o* temp/o ten/i tenis/o* ter/o tim/i tip/o* tir/i tra traf/i* trancx/i trankvil/a trans tre tri trink/i tro trov/i* table table tennis, ping-pong day lunch to type however, nevertheless (adverb, conjunction) tom-tom cup task tea a theater Texas time to hold, to have tennis earth, ground to fear type, sort to pull through (preposition) to hit (a goal, etc.), to strike to cut calm, quiet across, on the other side of (preposition) very three to drink too, too much to find

tuj turn/i tusx/i tut/a

immediately to turn (trans.) to touch whole, entire

U
unu urb/o Uson/o* util/a uz/i one city, town USA useful to use

V
vagon/o valiz/o* valor/o varb/i* varm/a vast/a* vek/i ven/i vend/i vendred/o* vent/o ver/a verd/a vesper/o vest/o veter/o vetur/i vi vid/i vilagx/o vin/o* vintr/o vir/o vitr/o viv/i vizagx/o vizit/i* voj/o vojagx/i vok/i vol/i vort/o train waggon, carriage suitcase, luggage value to recruit warm, hot vast, huge to awake (someone) (trans.) to come to sell (trans.) friday wind true, real green evening garment, article of clothing weather to travel (by vehicle: to drive, to fly, etc.) you to see village wine winter man glass (substance) to live, to be alive face to visit way, road to travel, to journey to call (trans) to want to word

Z
zorg/i to care for, to take care of