225

1.

2.

(1)

(2)

Porter (1980)Melin
(1992) (1996)

Dalton (1999)

Internationalization
Vernon (1966)

226

Vernon

Piercy (1981)

Turnull (1987)
Welch & Loustarinen
(1988)

(1990)
(1993)
( 73)

Johanson And Wiedersheim-Paul (1975)

Johanson & Wiedershein Paul,1975

Turnull,1987

Terpstra (1994)
1
2
3
227

4
1

Kotler, Marketing
Management-Analysis, Planning Implement, And
Control, 1994, 8th Edition.
2

3
Kotler

Brand Mark

4
Terpstra (1994)

(Culture Difference)

(1)(2)
(Kogut &
Singh,1998)

(Hofstede,1983)
(Hofstede,1980)
(Kogut & Singh,1988)
(Ralston,Holt,Terpstra & Kai-Cheng,1997)

(Kogut & Singh,1988)

Baliga And Jaeger (1984)

( 83)

( 83)

(Morris,Davis & Allen,1994)

( 87)

Hellriegel And
Slocum (1993)

Gomez-Meija And Palich (1997)

228

(Hamiton & Kashlak,1999)

1966

Hill (1997) Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)

1. (International)

2. (Multinational)

3. (Global)

4. (Transnational)

(1)

(2)(
)

(3)

2-1
2-1

2.

3.

4.

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989) 127

(Hill (1997)
Hill (1997)
(Pressures For Cost Reduction)
(Pressures To Be Locally Responsive)

(Multidomestic) (International)
(Global) (Transnational)
2-1
1.

229

2-1
Hill (1998),P336

Hill
2-2

1. (Multinational Company)

(Worldwide Area
Structure)

2. (International Company)

(Worldwide Product Division Structure)

R&D

3. (Global Company)

4. (Transnational Firm)

(Matrix-Type Structure)

2-2

Hill (1997)P398
Hill (1994) Bartlett And Ghoshal
(1989) Hill (1994)
2-3

Howard Perlmutter (1969)

EPG

(Ethno-Centric) (Host
Country)

(Poly-Centric) (Host
Country)

(Geo-Centric)

2-4
EPG

1996

2-3

Hill, C. W. L. (1994)

230

1. (Multidomestic Industry)

2. (Global Industry)

Porter

1.

2.

3.

4.

(Configuration)
(Coordination)

1.
(High Foreign Investment)2.
(Country Centered Strategy) 3.
(Simple Global Strategy)4. (Export
Based Strategy)

2-5
2-3

Richard D. Robinson (1984)

(International)

(Multinational)

(Transnational)

(Supranational)

Martinez And Jarillo (1991)

(Globalizing) (Localizing)

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)

Hitt (1995)

(Business Level)
(Low Cost) (Differentitation)
(Focused) (Corporate
Level)(Global
Integration) (Local Responsiveness)
(Multidomestic)
(Global) (Transatoinal)
2-2

2-5

2-2
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., And Hoskisson
(1995)
Roth (1992b)
1.
2.
3.4.
5.
Morrison And Roth (1993)Kim And
Mauborgne (1993) Lei And Slocum (1992)
Mascarenhas (1996) Bartlett And Ghoshal
(1989)

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)Porter

231

Multi National Corporation , MNC

1969

1996

1984

1986

1986

2-3
Rorter, M. E. (1986)

78

Farmer
& Richman

1984

(Tutor)

79

1987

1988
1988

1989

1989

1991
232

2-2

Perlmutter
1. (Ethnocentric)
2. (Polycentric)
3. (Geconcentric)
Robinson
1. (International)
2. (Multinatoinal)
3. (Supranational)
Porter
1. (High
Foreign Investment)
2. (Country
Centered Strategy)
3. (Simple
Global Strategy)
4. (Export
Based Strategy)
Porter
And 1. (High
Full
Foreign Investment)
2. (Country
Centered Strategy)
3. (Simple
Global Strategy)
4. (Export
Based Strategy)
Prahalad And 1.
Doz
2.
3.
1.

2.
Johanson
1.
And Mattsson 2.
3.
Yip
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bartlett
1. (International)
And Ghoshal 2. (Global)
3.

(Multidomestic)
4.

(Transnational)
Martinez
1. (International)

And Jarillo

1994 Carpano Et
Al.

1995 Hitt Et Al.

1998 Hill

Venkatraman and Ramanujam (1986)

( ) (Financial)
(Accounting-related) ROAROS
ROE
() (Business) (Market-related)

() (Organizational) (Stakeholder)

RuekertWalker and Roering (1985)

() (Effectiveness)

() (Efficiency)

() (Adaptability)

()

RajagopalanRasheedand Datta (1993) 1981

1992

(Process
Outcomes)(Economic Outcome)
(Timeliness)
ROIROA

(Trade-off)

(Broader Conceptualization of Outcomes)

(Process-related)
(Economic Performance-related)

Hart and Banbury (1994)

2. (Global)
3.

(Multidomestic)
4.

(Transnational)
1.
(Mass-Market Strategy)
2. (Segmented
Strategy)
3.
(Segmented-Focus Strategy)
4. (Focus Strategy)
(Business Level)

1. (Low Cost)
2.

(Differentitation)
3. (Focused)
(Corporate Level)

1.

(Multinational)
2. (Global)
3. (Transnational)
1. (International)
2. (Global)
3.

(Multinational)
4.
(Transnational)

Bartlett And Ghoshal (1989)

Hill (1997)

Hill (1997)

(Venkatraman and Ramanujamv,1986)

Fredrickson and Mitchell (1984)

(Efficiency)(Effectiveness)
ROA

233

Roth(1992)
Roth

Carpano et al.(1994)

83

Roth and Morrison(1992)

Roth and Rick(1994)

Keats and Hill (1988)

1.

89 5
2.

87 6
3.

88 6
4. ,
,
, 89
5. ,
,
, 89
6.

86
6 20
7.

86 1

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.
23.

24.

25.
234

88 6

86
6 25

86 6
18

87 6

87

87

, 89
,
,
, 78
,
,,
89
,
,
, 84
,
,
, 80
,
,,
84
,
,
, 85
,

, 84
( 83)

( 83)

101-132
(1990)

(1993)

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