Elizabeth Claire s

NEWS
Easy
English
What's Inside?
What's Inside?
Words
in bIack print
with a star (*)
are in
WORD HELP
on page 12.
Events in April..................... 2, 3
This ls Your Page ................... 4
Ask Elizabeth.......................... 5
Dr. Ali Your Health:
Move those muscles........... 5
Heroes and History
Ellis lsland .......................... 7
ldiom Corner........................... 8
Funny Stuff ............................. 8
Ask a Speech Coach.............. 9
Crossword Puzzle................... 9
Answers to Quiz and Puzzle 11
Let's Talk About lt ................. 11
Word Help............................. 12
Volume XV Number 8
ApriI 2010
See page 10 for prices and ordering information.
Life in the U.S.A.
Shopping for groceriespart 4
Food safety
Doctors at the Centers for Disease
Control* (CDC) say that there are about
87 million cases* oI illness Irom Iood
each year. About 5,700 people in the
United States die each year Irom eating
contaminated* or spoiled* Iood.
It is important to know how to buy,
prepare*, and store Iood saIely.
Here are some tips* to help you
and your Iamily avoid* Iood
poisoning*.
Buy fresh food
Look at the expiration dates*
on Iood packages. Buy only Iood
that you will eat or Ireeze beIore
the expiration date.
Keep perishabIe food coId
Bacteria* grow quickly in milk,
eggs, Irozen Iood, meat, poultry*,
and Iish. When you go shopping
Is it getting hotter?
(continued on page 6)
(continued on page 10)
In December 2009, world leaders
met in Copenhagen, Denmark to
talk about climate change*. A
United Nations Intergovernmental*
Panel* on Climate Change (IPCC)
report in 2007 said that the earth is
getting warmer. It said that average
global* temperatures had gone up
about 1.5 degrees F* since 1750. It
said that the warming is probably
caused by greenhouse gases* Irom
human activities such as burning coal
and oil. The report said that global
temperatures would continue to
increase.
The world leaders agreed* that
climate change is a great danger.
They agreed that countries must
lower the amount oI greenhouse
on warm days, buy perishable* Iood
last.
Get your Iood home and into the
reIrigerator or Ireezer quickly. II you
drive Irom the supermarket to your
home, keep a cooler* in your car. Put
Is the earth warming? Is it caused by greenhouse gases? Are
humans responsible? Bigstockphoto.com
Buy meat and other cold foods last. Bigstockphoto.com
gases they put into the air. They did
not agree on the actions they will
take. They agreed to meet in Bonn,
Germany in April. The`ll meet
again in Mexico in November.
The IPCC* report said:
Warming is greatest in Arctic*
regions.
Polar* ice and many glaciers*
around the world have been
melting.
The oceans are getting warmer
and more acidic*.
Sea levels have risen* 3.1
millimeters per year between
1993 and 2003. Low lands by the sea are in danger.
Easter Eggs
Many people color hard-boiled eggs beIore Easter. Children
play games with their Easter eggs on Easter Sunday. There may
be Easter egg hunts in the house, back yard, or in a community
park. (The eggs may be plastic, Iilled with small candies.) The
President and Eirst Lady invite the children oI Washington, D.C.
to roll colored eggs on the White House lawn*.
The Easter Bunny*
Many small children believe in the Easter Bunny. On Easter
Sunday 'the Bunny leaves
each child a basket Iilled
with colored eggs, jelly
beans, and chocolates. The
children wake up early to
hunt Ior their baskets.
Spring is a time to celebrate* new liIe. Many bird and animal
babies are born in the spring. Elowers bloom in the spring. The
days are warmer, and people Ieel happier.
Easter celebrates this new liIe, too. It is a Christian holiday
season*. Stories in the Bible* say that 2,000 years ago, 3esus*
died and then rose* Irom the dead.
The date Ior Easter Sunday changes each year. It is April 5 this
year.
Lent*, which began on Ash Wednesday, Eebruary 17, will
end on Easter Sunday. There are three other Christian holidays
connected with Easter:
PaIm Sunday
Palm Sunday was March 28, one week
beIore Easter Sunday. That day marks
Jesus` arrival in Jerusalem.
Good Friday
Good Eriday is April 2. It is a very
solemn* day, the day that Jesus died.
Christians think about his pain. They give
thanks Ior his sacrifice*. Many Christians
go to church on Good Eriday, even those
who do not go to church the rest oI the
year.
Easter Sunday
Easter Sunday is April 5. Christians believe that Jesus Christ
rose Irom the dead on this day. It is a very joyIul day. They wear
new clothing. There are special church services*. People have a
big dinner with Iamily or Iriends.
Events
Page 2 Easy English NEWS April 2010
April Fools Day
Watch out! The Iirst day oI
April is a day oI playing tricks*
and telling lies!
The tricks on this day are
usually playIul, not harmful*.
The best tricks make everyone
laugh. A Iriend may ask you to
sign your name with a pencil.
But the pencil is rubber and it
bends when you try to write
with it. Watch out Ior rings
or Ilowers that squirt* water.
Someone may show you a
winning lottery ticket worth a
million dollars. II you believe it,
you will be an April Fool*.
Someone may say to you,
Did you know there was a
hole in the back oI your pants?
When you look Ior the hole,
Easter
April 2010
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat
1 2 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
An Easter basket
with colored eggs
Bigstockphoto.com
A bunny with Easter eggs. Bigstockphoto.com
your Iriend says 'April Eool!
The trick-playing custom
began hundreds oI years ago.
BeIore 1582, New Year`s Day
was on March 25. AIter New
Year `s Day, there were seven
days oI celebration*. The last
day (April 1) was especially Ior
Iun.
Our artist, Dave Nicholson,
had some April Eool`s Iun with
a picture. Three Iriends are
hiking* in the woods. How
many mistakes can you Iind
in his picture? Words you will
need: hiker, backpack, walking
stick, upside down, snow shoes,
flippers, snake.
Answers are on page 5.
Jesus died on the cross.
Bigstockphoto.com
April 2010 Easy English NEWS Page 3
in April
Earth Day
April 15 is an important date in the U.S. But it`s not a holiday!
Taxpayers must file* their income tax returns* by midnight
April 15. Many people have already mailed in their 1040 forms*.
They hope to get a refund*. But people who have to pay more
taxes oIten wait until the last day. There is a penalty* Ior not
paying taxes on time.
Some post oIIices
will be open late Ior
the people who Iinish
at the last minute.
Do you need to Iile
a tax return? Read
Ask Eli:abeth on
page 5.
Earth Day is April 22. The whole
month oI April is a time to think
about and learn more about our
planet Earth. Schools oIten have
special assemblies*, collections,
clean ups, movies, and other events
during April. People walk in the
park, hike in the woods, or go
to places oI natural beauty. TV
programs focus* on the history and
wonder oI the earth. They have
programs about the problems Iacing
the earth.
One oI the biggest problems is climate change*. In
some places, the temperature is rising. There are more
droughts*, heat waves*, cold waves, heavy snows, and
unusual weather events. Read more at http://earthday.net/
warmingwondersnorthamerica
Wednesday, April 21 is
Administrative Professionals*`
Day. This is a day when
employers* thank the people
who open the mail, answer the
telephones, write letters, bill the
customers, deposit the checks,
keep the books, and keep the
computers running. Easy English
NEWS especially thanks Tina
DiBella and Eumie Eukushima
Ior their hard work. With their
help we get this newspaper to
you on time each month!
Administrative
Professionals Day
April 15: taxes due*
Patriots` Day is a holiday in Massachusetts and Maine.
April 19, 1775 is an important day in U.S. history. It was the
beginning oI the American Revolution against Britain. About 70
Minutemen* in the tiny village oI Lexington, Massachusetts
came out to Iace 700 British soldiers. Someone Iired a shot.
The British Iired on the Minutemen and killed eight oI them.
A war had begun. This was 'the shot heard `round the world.
The British
soldiers then
marched on
to Concord
to look Ior
guns and
bullets that
the Americans
had stored
there. More
Minutemen
Iought
them. The
Americans
won the battle
oI Concord.
A year aIter
that, the 13 British colonies declared their independence*
Irom Britain (July 4, 1776). They Iought another Iive years
beIore Britain gave up.
Patriots'* Day
National Arbor Day
is the last Eriday in
April each year. It`s a
day Ior planting trees,
learning about trees,
and enjoying trees.
However, each state
celebrates Arbor Day
at the best time Ior
planting trees. Eor
example, in Elorida,
it is the third Eriday in January. In Maine, it is the third week in
May.
Why are trees important to us?
A Iew answers:
Trees make oxygen* that people and other animals breathe.
Trees take carbon dioxide* out oI the air.
Trees are homes Ior birds, monkeys, squirrels, toads,
insects, and many other animals.
Trees hold soil* with their roots and keep it Irom being
washed away.
Trees protect the buildings around them. They hold back
wind in the winter and make shade in the summer. Trees
lower heating costs and air conditioning costs.
We use wood Irom trees to build houses, Iurniture, and
many other things.
Trees provide* Iood Ior animals and people.
We can burn wood Irom trees to cook our Iood and heat
our homes.
Trees are beautiIul to look at. People in hospitals get better
when they can see trees out oI their windows!
Eind out when your state celebrates Arbor
Day at www.Arborday.org. You can learn
the best ways to plant trees and take care oI
them. You can learn how to identify* trees
by their shape, leaves, or seeds.
Arbor Day
In Lexington, Massachusetts, on April 19 each year, actors take
the parts of and British soldiers and re-enact* the
Battles of Lexington and Concord. Photo: Dreamstime
OfBce workers Bigstockphoto.com
Bigstockphoto.com
Page 4 Easy English NEWS April 2010
This is your page
Super BowI Sunday
I watched the Super Bowl in
Eebruary. It was a game between
two champion Iootball teams:
the New Orleans Saints and the
Indianapolis Colts. I don`t know
much about Iootball, so I wasn`t
very interested in the game.
However, my brother-in-
law is crazy about Iootball.
He and his Iriends were at our
home to watch the Super Bowl
on TV. They were screaming and
cheering all the time. They were
Colts` fans*.
At the end oI the game, the
Colts lost. My brother-in-law
and his Iriends were quiet and
sad. They leIt the house without
talking much.
When I was young, I was
crazy about soccer the same
way my brother-in-law is crazy
about Iootball. I can see how
peoples` Ieelings are affected*
by sports. Sports make liIe
interesting!
1hong Nguyen
Stoughton, Massachusetts
(Jietnam)
Leather jacket
I went to a store to buy a
jacket. I asked a clerk Do you
have any leather* jackets? My
pronunciation was bad, so she
thought that I wanted a red
jacket. AIter a Iew minutes,
she brought a red jacket to
show me.
I was very embarrassed*. I
didn`t know what to do. Then
I took a pen and wrote out the
word leather Ior her to see.
She apologized to me over and
over again, and she brought out
some leather jackets.
I told her I was sorry Ior
having such bad pronunciation.
We both laughed.
Brenda Choi
College Station, 1exas
(Korea)
Thank God for our
princess
When I was seven months
pregnant* I Iell down in the
street, right on my belly. My
hand and my lip were hurt. I
was scared because I thought
my baby was in danger. I
couldn`t get up by myselI. A
man on a bicycle in the street
stopped and helped me get up.
The place was very close to
my husband`s job. I went there.
When my husband saw me
crying, with blood coming Irom
my hand and my lip, he got
scared, too.
He immediately took me
to the hospital. My hand was
badly hurt, but we were worried
about our baby. Thank God, the
doctor said our baby was OK.
We were so happy because our
baby wasn`t hurt.
We are always grateful*
when we see our little princess.
She is 19 months old now.
Anonymous
My senior center
I love my senior center.
It`s a small group run by the
Christian Alliance church. We
have hard-working teachers.
They teach English as a second
language, citizenship, singing,
and computer classes.
Recently they started a line
dance* class. It`s good Ior us
seniors to have Iun and stay
healthy.
We study together and
everyone is as Iriendly as
sisters and brothers. When
someone has a problem
everybody comes to help. I`m
very proud oI them.
Once, I had a bad asthma*
attack. I had to go to the
hospital. The seniors came to
visit me. About 15 people got
into a little hospital room. They
brought a get-well card signed
by 30 other seniors.
I will always remember their
kindness. I hope to God that
each oI them has happiness and
a good Iamily.
My best Iriends are there and
I never Ieel bored. I love my
teachers and my classmates.
Hang Nguon Cao
San Jose, California
To my worId
I`m always thinking oI you!
I know that we haven`t taken
good care oI you.
Today I have decided to help
you.
Today I have
decided to quit*
smoking,
And today I have
decided to use a
bike,
So I don`t
contaminate*
you more.
I know that today
and always,
We need you!!!
Flavio Ramon Santos
Grants Pass, Oregon
Eat meat? Never!
I moved to the U.S Irom
India. The Iirst time my brother
and I went to the city, we saw
people eating meat and eggs and
other non-vegetarian* Ioods. In
my Iamily, we never ate meat or
other Iood Irom animals. As we
watched people chewing meat,
my brother and I were in shock.
To us, it smelled so bad.
AIter a Iew months when
I went to New York City I
decided to eat chicken. It was
my Iirst time to eat any meat.
It was Iunny to eat chicken, it
Ielt strange on my tongue. Now
it is one oI my Iavorite Ioods.
I changed because the meat
looked so good.
My parents did not change.
They told me not to eat meat.
Sometimes I Ieel guilty* about
that.
Chitrarth Patel
Williston Park, New York
(India)
Stopped before I
started
I came to America about two
years ago. I was sad, because
I missed my Iamily and my
Iriends. I had to start a new
liIe in the U.S. It`s not easy,
especially because English is
not my Iirst language. So, I
needed to take an ESL class.
When I Iound a school that
gives ESL classes, I was very
excited. I wanted to start right
away. But on that Iirst day,
beIore I could enter the door
oI the school, a police oIIicer
stopped me. I was scared. I
didn`t know the reason.
Then the oIIicer explained. I
was not allowed to park my car
in Iront oI the school. It slows
down traIIic.
It was an unIorgettable day.
Hasnaa Abellaoui
Saginaw, Michigan
We pay $15 for each
story we publish. Stories
must be first-person
stories by readers of Easy
English NEWS. Send
stories by email to ESL@
Elizabethclaire.com The
subject line should have
Story and your name.
Please see the writers'
guidelines at our website,
www.EIizabethcIaire.com
or in the booklet How to
use Easy English NEWS
in your ESL classroom.
April 2010 Easy English NEWS Page 5
Questions?
Write to:

- -
P.O. Box 2596
Eair Lawn, NJ 07410
Ask Elizabeth
Dear Elizabeth,
I don`t have time to do my
income tax return* by the
April 15 deadline*. What can I
do?
Hector
Dear Hector,
By law you must pay your
taxes by April 15, or pay a
penalty* plus interest*. You
can get an extension*. An
extension will let you send your
1040 Eorm later. However, you
must pay your taxes on time.
You probably won`t know
exactly how much tax to pay.
So estimate*. Send that money
with the application Ior an
extension. The extension will
Your Health
give you six more months to
file your return*.
You can get an application
Ior an extension on the Internet
at www.IRS.gov. Your public
library and the local* Post
OIIice should also have the
extension Iorms.
Dear Elizabeth,
I didn`t earn* much money
this year. Do I have to Iile a tax
return?
Alefandra
Dear Alejandra,
This looks like an easy
question, but it`s not! Are you
an independent* adult, or
someone`s dependent*? Are
you single, or married? Are
you under 65? Are
you blind? Did you
earn the money
as someone`s
employee in
the U.S.? The
answer will be
diIIerent based
on those conditions.
Here is the answer Ior most
single, independent individuals
under 65 who are citizens or
legal U.S. residents*, who
earned money as employees in
the United States:
You should file a return if:
You are entitled* to a
refund*.
You are entitled to 'earned
income tax credit*.
You must file an income tax
return if:
You earned $9,350 or more,
as an employee.
You were self-employed*,
and earned more than $400.
Ask a tax expert* to be sure.
See IRS.gov Ior instructions Ior
1040 or 1040EZ. Get tax help
in English or Spanish at:
1-800-829-1040.
Answers to
"What's wrong
with this picture?"
(page 2)

Dr. Majid Ali is the author oI
hundreds oI research articles and
12 books. He has a regular radio
program on WBAI (99.5 EM)
in New York City, Mondays and
Tuesdays Irom 12 noon to 1 p.m.
Sign up

at his website:
www.Ethicsinmedicine.us
By Dr. Mafid Ali
Let's
move
those
muscIes!
Thirty Iive
to Iorty percent
oI your body
weight is made up oI muscles.
Some muscles are under our
control. These are voluntary*
muscles. We use these muscles
to stand up, walk, run, pick
things up, rock a baby, smile,
type on a keyboard, work, and
play.
Other muscles are controlled
by our brainstem*. These are
involuntary* muscles. We do
not need to think about causing
our hearts to beat, our lungs
to breathe, or our stomach to
digest Iood.
Some muscles are both
involuntary and voluntary. You
can voluntarily slow down or
speed up your breathing. You can
even stop it...but not Ior long.
Muscles love to work.
When they work, blood brings
them more oxygen* and more
nutrition*. Blood takes away
more waste matter and carbon
dioxide. Getting a work out
keeps muscles healthy and helps
them repair* themselves.
Think about your toes right
now. Wiggle them.
Your toes loved that!
Stand up. Sit down. Raise
your arms. Stretch your neck.
Stick your tongue out. Pull in
your belly. Wiggle your nose.
You are being kind to your
muscles when you ask them to
move.
Where do muscIes get their
energy?
During actions such as
sprinting*, playing a sport,
or liIting weights, muscles get
energy Irom glucose*. Glucose
comes Irom the carbohydrates*
(sugars and starches*) in the
Iood we eat. These sudden,
rapid activities can cause us
to perspire*. We need more
oxygen, so we breathe Iaster.
We usually cannot keep these
bursts oI energy up Ior long.
On the other hand, slow,
rhythmic*, continuous*
activities do not cause us to
get out oI breath or perspire.
The muscles get enough
oxygen. We can do these
activities Ior a long time.
During slow, continuous
activities, our muscles burn
Iat. We may have more
energy at the end oI the
activity than at the beginning.
We may be able to do these
continuous activities Ior a
long time without getting
tired.
II you want to use up
excess* Iat, include the slow
muscle activities that burn
Iat. Walk or jog or bike at
a gentle pace, without any
special eIIort or time.
'Listen to your muscles.
What do they tell you? How
are they contracting* to move
your bones? How are your
lungs working to bring air
into your body? How is your
heart pumping blood to bring
nourishment* to your body
tissues?
It may be a new Ieeling
when you listen to your body.
Enjoy it. Your body has a lot
to tell you.
Be kind to your body so
your body will be kind to you.
1 . T h e r e i s a I r o g i n t h e
b i r d ` s n e s t .
2 . A I i s h i s s i t t i n g i n t h e
t r e e .
3 . A n o w l i s u p s i d e d o w n .
4 . T h e I i r s t h i k e r i s
w e a r i n g s n o w s h o e s
5 . T h e s e c o n d h i k e r h a s
a w a l k i n g s t i c k w i t h a
s n a k e ` s h e a d .
6 . H e h a s h i k e r h a s a
r a b b i t i n h i s b a c k p a c k .
7 . T h e l a s t h i k e r h a s
I l i p p e r s o n h i s I e e t .
8 . H e i s c a r r y i n g a p i g .
Page 6 Easy English NEWS April 2010
The growing season* became 10 days
longer in some areas Irom 1959 to 1993.
Droughts* have been more severe* in
some places oI the world.
There is more rain, snow, and flooding*
in other areas.
Animal habitats* have changed. Many
species* have already become extinct*.
Other Reports:
The World Meteorological*
Organization reported that 2000-2009
was the hottest decade* on record*.
Britain`s Meteorology* OIIice
predicts* that 2010 may be the hottest
year ever recorded*.
What is the U.S. doing about this?
U.S. Congress will soon vote on a law
about carbon dioxide emissions*. The
president and some lawmakers want to put
a tax on industries* that produce carbon
dioxide. This would make 'green energy
cheaper than fossil fuels*. It would create
Some scientists say that
the sea level is rising for
two reasons. 1. Polar
ice is melting. 2. 1he
oceans are warming up.
Warmer water expands,
takes up more room, and
Aoods the low lands.
Animals such as tigers
may lose their habitat in
the low lands of India.
Bigstockphoto.com
Two points of view*
Al Gore, former Vice President of
the United States:
...we face an unimaginable calamity*
requiring large-scale, preventive
measures to protect human civilization
as we know it." Source: New York Ti mes,
OP Ed, Feb 28 2010
Patrick Frank, chemist, climate
scientist: ...When it comes to future
climate, no one knows what they're
talking about. No one. Not the IPCC
nor its scientists, not the U.S. National
Academy of Sciences, ... not the U.S.
congressional House leadership, not
me, not you, and certainly not Mr.
Albert Gore."
Source: http://www.c3headlines.com/quotes-
from-gl obal-warming-critics-skeptics-scepti cs.
html
Humans burn -- -*
in cars, factories, and power
plants. 1his -* CO
2
(carbon dioxide), one of
many greenhouse gases.
1he IPCC says that CO
2
in the earths -
is higher now than at any
time in the last 21,000 years
(measured in ice cores).
Bigstockphoto.com
Is it getting hotter?
(continued from page 1)
-- show that sea levels have risen
at the rate of 3.1 millimeters per year for the past ten
years. Bigstockphoto.com.
Above. Melting ice. 1his IPCC chart shows the average
monthly Arctic sea ice from January 1979 to 2010. Ice
cover for February, 2010 was the third lowest amount of ice
ever recorded.
Below. Will melting ice put polar bears habitat in danger?
Bigstockphoto.com
1hese - show the average temperature difference from the
normal in August 2009. Red areas show hotter than normal. Blue
areas show colder than normal. Courtesy. NOAA*
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Year
Snow that fell in North America and parts of Europe
and Asia in January and February -.
Bigstockphoto.com
jobs Ior people in solar, wind, and other
Iorms oI clean energy.
"Wait!" say some scientists
Maybe the warming is natural. We think
the IPCC report was wrong.
Many people say These carbon taxes
will turn our economy* upside down.
We must not waste trillions oI dollars Ior
nothing!
It is a very complex* job to predict* the
world`s Iuture climate. The IPCC scientists
use computers to tell what the earth`s Iuture
climate will be. They admit* that they
do not know all oI the causes oI earth`s
temperature changes. Eor example, their
computers did not predict the cold winter
in North America this year. Skeptics* ask,
Can such computers really predict the
climate 25 years Irom now?
IPCC scientists explain:
Climate is diIIerent Irom weather.
You cannot look at only one area
or only one year. It was cold
in Europe and North America
this past January. But on a
global level, January 2010
was the second warmest year
on record.
Skeptics pointed out that
some Iacts in the IPCC
report were not true. Other
Iacts in the report were not
Irom scientists, but Irom news reports.
Important questions:
Is the warming oI the earth part oI
a natural cycle*? What caused the
world to be warmer in the 13th and
14th centuries*? There were no power
plants*, Iactories or cars burning Iossil
Iuels then.
Do lawmakers understand science
well enough to make big changes in our
economy? Do news reporters understand
the science they report? Do they help
people understand? Do they try to scare
people?
Who will make money Irom new laws?
Who will lose money? Who pays the
scientists? Do scientists favor* an
idea depending on who pays them?
Should the government pass new taxes
and laws beIore they understand all the
Iacts? Should the world change energy
sources, as Iast as possible, just in case?
How long can lawmakers wait Ior proof*?
Sources. IPCC, , New York 1imes,
Environmental Defense Fund http://www.edf.org/
home.cfm; http://www.heartland.org/ and many
more.
April 2010 Easy English NEWS Page 7
Ellis Island, in New York Harbor*,
was the immigration inspection* station
Irom 1892 to 1954. Twelve million people
came through its doors. The immigrants*
during that time were Irom Italy, Poland,
Russia, Germany, Ireland, Czechoslovakia,
Yugoslavia. Hungary, Austria, Greece, and
Scandinavia. More than 40 oI Americans
can trace their Iamily`s arrival in the U.S. to
this 'doorway.
Crossing the ocean
Immigrants crossed the Atlantic Ocean
in large steamships. The poorest oI them
traveled in third class, which was the
cheapest. The conditions were terrible.
Immigrants were packed into large rooms,
with 200 people, with only two or three
toilets. There were no windows to let light
in. There were bedbugs and lice* in the
bunk beds*. The smell was awIul. The Iood
was not good. People became seasick.
The Iirst sight Ior new immigrants
when their ship arrived in New York
Harbor was the Statue of Liberty*.
The inspection
Immigrants in third class were
inspected at Ellis Island. They had
to pass a health inspection. They
had to show documents* to prove*
that they had a job waiting Ior them.
II they had no job, they had to prove
that someone would support* them.
"IsIand of Tears"
The U.S.
did not allow
immigrants with
who had handicaps* and certain diseases*.
Immigrants who Iailed inspection had to
return to Europe. The return trip was Iree Ior
a sick person. But who would take care oI
a sick child? The mother would have to go,
too. Then the other children would have no
mother to care Ior them in America. About
two percent oI immigrants Iailed inspection.
II someone had to go back,Iamilies could be
separated Ior years.
Eor that reason, Ellis Island got the
nickname, 'Island oI Tears.
EIIis IsIand today
Today, Ellis Island is an immigration
museum. This island, and Liberty Island are
both part oI the Statue oI Liberty National
Monument. Visitors can see a movie about
immigration. They can hear the stories
told by immigrants. Many visitors look Ior
names oI their ancestors who came through
Ellis Island a hundred years ago.
http://www.nps.gov/elis/index.htm
Heroes and History
Ellis Island (New Jersey and New York)
Immigration inspection station at Ellis Island, New York/New Jersey. 1he island is shared between both states.
Bigstockphoto.com
Long lines go through inspection in the main hall.
Many immigrants came with fust the clothes on their backs.
1he painful
eye inspection.
Immigrants with eye
diseases were not
allowed to enter the
country.
Black and white
photos courtesy
Library of Congress
Read -
by Elizabeth Claire
Ior true adventures oI an immigrant
106 years ago. It`s available Ior $10
at www.Elizabethclaire.com
1he Statue of Liberty
Immigrants on a ship, arriving in New York Harbor, waiting
to go to Ellis Island for inspection.
Page 8 Easy English NEWS April 2010
Have you heard people use these idioms?
Practice
Write an idiom in each sentence. Be sure to use
the correct tense of the verbs and the correct
pronouns. (Answers are on page 11.)
1. Sheila hoped her children would not to get into
any _____________ _____________ while
she was gone.
2. The substitute teacher* was not able to control
the class. The 8th grade students ____________
_____________ ____________ __________.
3. Don`t take any advice Irom that doctor. I think
he`s __________ _________________. He
told my Iriend to start smoking to help him relax.
4. Lee invited me to take golI lessons with him.
But golI is not __________ __________
___________ ____________ . I like tennis.
Illustrations by Dave Nicholson
3. monkey business
silly or dishonest
activities
Hey, kids! Stop that
monkey business
and start doing your
homework!
The boss is worried that
his partner was doing
some monkey business
with their bank account.
2. a quack
a person who pretends to
be a doctor, but has no
training
Kevin`s doctor told
Kevin to eat a rotten
banana every day. He
sounds like a quack to
me.
A lot oI quacks make
money by promising
cures Ior cancer.
1. one's cup of tea
something that one likes
(usually used with )
My Iriend wanted to go
to the auto races. I didn`t
go with him. Auto racing
is not my cup of tea.
Ronnie has good looks
and a good job. But he
has bad manners. Hes
not my cup of tea.
4. to waIk aII over
to get your own way
without thinking of the

Janice walks all over her
mother. She never gets
punished Ior being rude.
Mike lets Jill walk all
over him. She borrows
his car, uses up his gas,
and leaves it dirty. He
never gets angry.
An old man went to the doctor.
Doctor, this leg hurts me a lot.
Can you do something?
The doctor examined* the leg.
'I`m aIraid there is nothing I
can do, he said. 'It`s just old
age.
'That can`t be, said the old
man. My other leg is the same
age, and it`s perIectly Iine.
April 2010 Easy English NEWS Page 9
Crossword Puzzle
Across
1. Eile your income ____ return
by April 15.
3. Something you subtract Irom
your income beIore you
calculate your tax
9. Pronoun: he, she or ___
10. Stir things together
11. Puerto Rico (abbreviation)
12. Northern Ireland: initials
13. Egyptian king, 3,000 years ago
15. Erequently
18. Long playing (abbreviation)
19. Long distance (abbreviation)
20. Husband or wiIe
21. The skin oI a banana
23. United States (abbreviation)
24. Earth Day is ___ April 22.
25. Immigrant inspection was ___
Ellis Island beIore 1954.
26. Internal Revenue Service
(abbreviation)
28. A person earns wages or a ___.
31. Passover dinner
33. Not young
35. Past Iorm oI 38 ACROSS
38. II you ____ something, you
must pay it back.
40. You may need _______ to help
you understand your tax return.
43. (A, e, i, o or u).
46. Middle
48. Emergency Room (abbreviation)
49. A small hat
51. Man`s name; short Ior Edward
52. Road (abbreviation)
53. An employer must ____ taxes
Irom an employee`s pay, and
send it to the government.
11.
Down
1. Extra payment to a waiter
or taxi driver.
2. A person who is good at
sports
3. Use the number pad to
make a telephone call
4. The act oI leaving a place.
5. Opposite oI down
6. A Iarmer`s Iield Iull oI
growing vegetables
7. ____, twos, threes, and
Iours
8. Sixty, seventy, eighty,
______
10. Mister (abbreviation)
14. Gorilla or chimpanzee
16. Say this to someone you
tricked: 'April ____!
17. A kind oI Iish
21. Jewish holiday
22. Say something that is not
true.
27. Railroad (abbreviation)
28. A person who is Iorced to
work without pay
29. Short Ior advertisement
30. Eish eggs
32. Past tense oI draw
34. Bachelor oI Arts degree
(abbreviation)
35. The tenth month
(abbreviation)
36. Extremely small (used a lot
in children`s stories)
37. Doctor (abbreviation)
39. Part oI a sentence
41. Washington, ____
42. Unit oI measurement. It
equals 2.5 centimeters.
44. Elizabeth Claire`s initials
45. A rule made by the
government
47. U.S. Elag colors: ____,
white, and blue
50. A term in math: The Greek
letter Ior 3.14159
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33
34 35 36 37
38 39 40 41 42
43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51
52 53
Ask a speech coach
Dear Gene Zerna,
People tell
me that my 'l
sounds like 'r.
They show me
how to make the sound, but then
they say I`m not doing it right.
Kenfi Akiya
Dear Kenji,
Eirst, try to hear the diIIerence.
Ask an English-speaking person
to say these words Ior you. Listen
and watch his or her mouth change
Irom the /l/ words to /r/ words:
/l/ words /r/ words
lake rake
lice rice
led red
lot rot
climb crime
cloud crowd
glass grass
belly berry
file fire
wall war
The tongue in /l/ position
is easier to see: the tip oI the
tongue touches the rooI oI the
mouth just behind the top teeth.
You can Ieel your tongue Aap as
you produce /l/ at the beginnings
oI syllables. It doesn`t Aap at the
end oI syllables.
Eor the /r/, the tongue is
pulled back into the center oI
the mouth, and does not touch
the rooI.
Eeel your tongue touch
behind your top teeth as you
practice the column oI /l/
words:
Lennie likes lollipops.
Billy's belly was full of jelly.
The clown climbed to the clouds.
When the /r/ Iollows a vowel
sound, Iirst say the vowel, then
Ieel your bottom jaw move
upward. The space in your
mouth gets smaller.
In some languages /r/ is a
consonant. The tongue Ilaps
against the rooI oI the mouth.
But in American English, the /r/
sound is more oI a vowel. No
parts oI the mouth touch each
other. (In northeastern U.S. the
/r/ in the middle or at the end oI
words changes the sound oI the
vowel that it Iollows. It does
not make its own sound.)
Eeel your tongue in the
middle part oI your mouth
as you practice the column
oI /r/ words. Then try these
sentences:
Ricky rode a red horse.
Harry borrowed forty quarters
from Jerry.
Gary's grass is very green.
Here are some tongue twisters:
Milly and Mary Blled their glasses.
l like yellow rice.
Will Larry like red rice?
Bill told Bert that the play was
boring.
1he tongue in position for /l/ 1he tongue in position for /r/
Gene Zerna is the author and
producer of Master Spoken
Engli sh, a 5-DVD seri es for
accent modification. He is now
offering
Master Spoken EngIish
CompIete DVD series: $449
Visit his website and try his
"e-course"-a great vaIue: $15
masterspokenengIish.com
Page 10 Easy English NEWS April 2010
(continued from page 1)
Food safety
Easy English NEWS
Published by................Elizabeth Claire, Inc.
Editor ..................................Elizabeth Claire
Editorial Assistant...............Samantha Coles
Copy Editors .........Marilyn Gelman, Sharon
Elynn, Lorraine Sarhage, Devin Murphy
Writers........ Elizabeth Claire, Dr. Majid Ali,
Gene Zerna
1eachers Guide Editor ............Nancy Baxer
Customer Service ..................... Tina DiBella
Circulation...................... Eumie Eukushima
Illustrations ........................Dave Nicholson
Printed by............. JB OIIset, Westwood, NJ
The purpose oI - - is
to welcome newcomers to the United
States. We help new readers oI English
learn about the language, culture,
customs, history, heroes, geography,
laws, and government oI the U.S.
- - is published ten
months a year, Irom September to
June. It is sold by subscription. Class
discounts are available. A monthly
Teacher`s Guide and Reproducible
Quizzes supplement is available.
Send comments via mail, Iax, or email.
Stories Ior 1his Is Your Page should
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All material in - - is
protected by copyright. It is against the
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- -
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Fair Lawn, New 3ersey 07410
2010 Elizabeth Claire, Inc.
ISSN: 1091-4951
Telephone: Toll free: (888) 296-1090
Fax: (201) 791-1901
Email: ESLElizabethclaire.com
Website: www.Elizabethclaire.com
(continued on page 11)
These prices are good for all orders received by or before June 30, 2010, including orders for next year.
perishable Iood
in the cooler
with ice. II you
will not eat the
meat or Iish
soon, Ireeze it
immediately.
Check* the
temperature
oI your
reIrigerator
with a
thermometer*.
It should be
at 40 degrees
Fahrenheit*.
The Ireezer
should be at 0 degrees.
Defrost* frozen food safeIy
Thaw* Irozen meats and Iish in the
reIrigerator overnight. II you don`t have
time, you can put a Irozen package in a
plastic bag and seal* it tightly. Put the bag
into a large pot oI cool water. Change the
water every halI hour, or let cold water
run slowly into (and out oI) the pot. Some
people use their microwave to deIrost
Irozen Iood. Cook Iood immediately aIter
deIrosting. Do not refree:e meat or fish
that has been defrosted.
Use your nose
Meat may look good but still be
spoiled*. Smell it! Spoiled meat gives oII a
rotten smell. Eish that smells oI ammonia*
is decaying*. Spoiled milk has a sour
smell. When in doubt, throw it out'
Keep everything cIean
Wash your hands well beIore you prepare
Iood. Wash your hands also after handling
raw* meat, chicken, or Iish. The juices and
blood Irom raw meat and chicken carry
dangerous bacteria. Do not get these juices
on your other Iood.
Wooden cutting
boards hold bacteria.
Wash meat juices oII
quickly. Wash the
cutting board with
one quart oI water that has one teaspoon
oI chlorine bleach* in it. Then rinse*
the board well. Wash the dishes, knives,
Iorks, table, and counter that the meat has
touched.
Cook food safeIy
Buy a meat thermometer. Cook meat
to the correct internal* temperature:
BeeI, veal and lamb
steaks, roasts and
chops to 145 E.
Ground beef*: 160
degrees Eahrenheit.
Ground chicken and
turkey: 165 E.
Pork: 170 E.
Whole chickens or turkey: 180E.
Serve Iood on clean plates. Put the
leftovers* in the reIrigerator.
"The Danger Zone"
Most Iood bacteria grow Iastest between
40 Eahrenheit and 140 Eahrenheit (4C
and 60 C). Keep Iood below or above this
'danger zone. The FDA* advises people
to Iollow the 'two-hour rule: 1hrow away
meat and other such perishable Iood that
has been at room temperature Ior longer
than two hours. Throw away perishable
Iood aIter one hour iI it has been leIt out at
90 E. or above.
Canned food
Don`t buy dented* cans. Throw away
Inside a refrigerator Bigstockphoto.com
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and Reproducible Qui::es as well as shipping and handling -
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April 2010 Easy English NEWS Page 11
Lets talk about it
Is it getting hotter?
(pages 1 and 6)
1. How has the weather seemed
in your area in the past Iew
years?
2. What are some oI the
Iindings about climate Irom
the IPCC report oI 2007?
3. What do world governments
agree about climate change?
4. Do all scientists agree that
human activity is causing
global warming?
5. What can people do to
help lower carbon dioxide
emissions?
6. Compare the quotes Irom Al
Gore and Patrick Erank. How
do you think lawmakers can
decide who is right?
7. What is the diIIerence
between climate and
weather?
8. Tell the meaning oI these
words: global, greenhouse,
drought, species, melt, polar.
habitat, extinct, decade,
meteorology, skeptic, proof.
Food Safety
(pages 1, 10, & 11)
1. Why should you check the
expiration date on packages
oI meat, chicken, and eggs?
2. How can you keep Iood cold
until you prepare it? Why
should you do that?
3. What are three saIe ways to
thaw Irozen meat?
4. What is one way to tell iI
meat or Iish are spoiled?
5. What is the purpose oI a
meat thermometer?
6. Explain the 'danger zone
Ior bacteria in Iood. What is
the EDA`s 'two hour rule?
7. What does a bulging lid on a
jar or can oI Iood mean?
8. Tell the meaning oI these
words: germs, spoiled,
perishable, thaw, defrost,
seal, raw, pesticide.
Events (pages 2 and 3)
1. What is April Eools` Day?
What are some customs on
this day?
2. Do you have a holiday like
this in your home country?
3. Did you Iool anyone on
April Eools` Day this year?
(Or were you Iooled?) Tell
about it.
4. What are Iour events that are
part oI the Easter season?
5. What are some Christian
customs at Easter? What are
non-religious customs?
6. What holidays do you
celebrate in your home
country in April? Tell about
them.
7. Why is April 15 important in
the United States?
8. What is the purpose oI
Earth Day? What are some
Answers to
Crossword PuzzIe
(continued from page 10)
1. monkey business
2. walked all over him
3. a quack
4. not my cup oI tea
activities near you?
9. Who are the administrative
proIessionals in your
school? How can you thank
them?
10. Tell the meaning oI these
words: fool, trick, harmful,
solemn, lawn, bunny,
file, penalty, Patriot,
Minutemen, heat wave,
oxygen.
This is your page (page 4)
1. Do you play any sports or
watch sports on TV? What
are your Iavorite sports and
teams?
2. Do you belong to any group
or club where you can
make Iriends? Tell about it.
3. Tell the meaning oI these
words: fan, leather, quit,
contaminate.
Ask EIizabeth (page 5)
1. How can you get an
extension oI time to Iile an
income tax return?
2. Must everyone send in an
income tax return?
3. Tell the meaning oI these
words: interest, estimate,
application, extension,
local, file, income tax
return, employer, employee,
self-employed.
Answers to
Idiom Quiz
Food safety
Dr. AIi: Your HeaIth
Move those muscIes (page 5)
1. What do voluntary muscles
do? What do involuntary
muscles do?
2. Which activities cause
muscles to burn glucose?
Which activities burn Iat?
3. What do you learn when
you listen to your
muscles?
4. Tell the meaning oI these
words: perspire, rhythmic,
contract, nourishment.
EIIis IsIand (page 7)
1. Where is Ellis Island?
2. What happened there
between the years 1892 and
1954?
3. Why did Ellls Island get the
'Island oI Tears?
4. Why do people go to Ellis
Island today?
5. How was your immigration
experience diIIerent Irom
that oI 60 years ago?
6. Tell the meaning oI these
words: lice, bunk bed,
harbor, document, handicap.
Visit our website:
www.EIizabethcIaire.com
Sign up for FREE monthIy
E-News from EIizabeth CIaire
cans aIter their expiration
dates. Check the seal*
on bottles, jars, and
other containers* to be
sure they have not been
opened. II you Iind a jar
or a can with a lid or top
that bulges* up, do not
open it. Throw it out. It
may cause botulism*, a
very dangerous Iorm oI Iood
poisoning. Bacteria that grow
in improperly* canned Iood
create a deadly toxin*.
Eggs, Bsh, and sheIIBsh
Salmonella* germs* grow
quickly in eggs. Do not buy
broken or cracked eggs. Do not
eat raw eggs, or Iood with raw
eggs in them.
Almost all Iish have some
levels oI mercury* in them
This is a toxin Irom water
pollution that can harm the
brains oI young children.
Children and pregnant women
should not eat 'high-mercury
Iish such as shark,
swordIish, king
mackerel, and tileIish.
It`s OK to eat up to
12 ounces a week oI
canned light tuna and
other low-mercury
Iish, such as salmon,
shrimp, catIish,
haddock, tilapia, and
Ilounder.
Wild, ocean-caught Iish are
saIer than
Iarmed Iish.
Raw Iish
may contain
parasites*.
Cook Iish until
it is opaque*.
Fruits and
vegetabIes
Eruits and vegetables have
bacteria on them Irom the soil
they grew in. They may also
have pesticides* that Iarmers
used to stop insects Irom eating
them. Store employees may
spray* fungicides* and other
chemicals on produce* to help
it stay Iresh. Wash all Iruits
and vegetables beIore you eat
them. Peel Iruit when you can.
Do you have food aIIergies*?
Many people are allergic to
peanuts, eggs, wheat, gluten*
soy, and other common Ioods.
Check Iood labels* to be
sure that it is saIe Ior you.
Are you diabetic*?
Sugar is dangerous Ior
people with diabetes. Check
the labels on Iood Ior diIIerent
kinds oI sugar: corn syrup,
high fructose corn syrup,
dextrose, maltose, rice syrup
and honey are all Iorms oI
sugar. Artificial* sweetners
such as Aspartame, Splenda,
and saccharine may have
side eIIects Ior many people.
Stevia is a natural, no-calorie*
sweetener that seems saIe.
Bigstockphoto.com
To learn more, go to the Iood
saIety website oI the Eood and
Drug Administration: www.
foodsafety.gov.
(Next month in - -
. Reading food labels)
Bigstockphoto.com
Page 12 Easy English NEWS April 2010
Some of the words below have many meanings. We give only the
meanings you need for this months newspaper.
WORD HELP
1040 form noun. A special
paper Ior reporting one`s
income and tax inIormation.
acidic adfective. Having a high
PH level; like an acid.
administrative professional
noun phrase. An oIIice worker.
admit verb. To say that
something is true.
affect verb. To impact; to cause
a change.
agree verb. To have the same
idea; to say yes to a suggestion.
allergy noun. A condition that
makes a person sneeze, get a
rash, or have other reactions.
ammonia (NH
3
) noun. An
alkaline chemical.
Arctic noun/adfective. The area
around the North Pole.
artificial adfective. Not natural;
man-made.
assembly noun. A gathering oI
students in an auditorium.
asthma noun. An illness in
which a person sometimes has
diIIiculty breathing.
atmosphere noun. The air
around the earth.
avoid verb. To stay away Irom.
bacteria noun, plural. Germs;
microscopic liIe Iorms such
as salmonella, Listeria,
streptococcus, E. coli, etc.
Bible noun. The sacred book oI
Jews and Christians.
botulism noun. A poison Irom
bacteria that Iorms in Iood that
was not properly canned.
brainstem noun. The lowest
part oI the brain that controls
breathing, heartbeat, sex drive,
digestion, etc.
break a record noun phrase. To
be or to have more oI something
than any time in the past since
people started to measure.
bulge verb. To press outward
because oI internal gases; to
Iorm a bump in a Ilat surIace.
bunk bed noun. A set oI beds,
with one on top oI the other.
bunny noun. A baby rabbit.
calamity noun. A disaster in
which many people will suIIer.
calorie noun. A measure oI energy
that a body gets Irom Iood.
carbohydrates noun, plural.
The Iood category that includes
grains, Ilour, Iruits and sugar.
carbon dioxide (CO
2
) |KAR
b`n diy AHKS iyd| noun. A gas
that is produced when living
animals breathe out, and trees,
gas, oil, coal, etc. are burned.
case noun. An example oI
something.
celebrate verb. 1. To have a
good time because oI a happy
event. 2. To mark a holiday with
certain traditional activities.
Centers for Disease Control
noun. The U.S. agency that
advises on health problems in
the U.S.
century noun. A period oI one
hundred years.
check verb. To look at; to get
inIormation Irom; to see iI
something is true.
chlorine bleach noun phrase.
A chemical that is used to make
clothes white, or to kill germs.
climate noun. The weather over
a period oI many years.
climate change noun phrase.
The warming oI the planet, with
many changes in weather.
complex adfective. Very
complicated. With many parts.
container noun. Something that
holds things: jar, box, bottle, etc.
contaminate verb. To make
dirty or polluted.
contract verb. To become
smaller.
cooler noun. An insulated box that
can keep things cool (with ice).
cycle noun. A period oI time in
which something Irom the past
happens again.
deadline noun. A time by which
something must be done, or it is
too late.
decade |DEK aed| noun. A 10-
year period.
decay verb. To become spoiled.
declare verb. To say something
oIIicially.
defrost verb. To warm Irozen
Iood to above 32 degrees.
dented adfective. Bent;
damaged.
dependent noun. A person who
receives support Irom a parent
or spouse.
diabetic noun. A person with
the disease diabetes, in which
sugar can cause dangerous
health problems.
disease noun. An illness.
document noun. A paper with
important inIormation on it.
drought drowt noun. A long
time with very little rain.
due adfective. Must be ready by
a certain date.
earn verb. To work or invest
money to make money.
earned income credit noun
phrase. A payment by the
government to a worker who
has earned little.
economy noun. The Iinancial
condition oI a country.
embarrassed adfective. Eeeling
ashamed because oI something
that you have done or said.
emissions noun, plural. Gases
that are given oII into the air.
employer noun. A person who
gives another person a job.
entitled adfective. To have the
right to have something.
estimate verb/noun. To guess,
using the Iacts you have.
examine verb. To look at
careIully.
excess noun. Too much.
expert noun. A person who
knows a lot about a subject.
expiration date noun phrase. A
date on a container oI Iood that
tells when the Iood is no longer
good to eat.
extension noun. Extra time to
complete a job.
extent noun. The amount oI
space or time something Iills.
extinct adfective. No longer
having living examples.
FDA noun. Eood and Drug
Administration. The government
agency responsible Ior Iood and
drug saIety in the U.S.
F., Fahrenheit adfective. The
system oI measurement Ior
temperature used in the U.S.
fan noun. A person who likes a
certain sports team.
favor verb. To show a
preIerence; to like more.
file a return verb phrase. To
send in one`s income tax return
to the government.
flood noun. Water that
overIlows a river bank.
fool noun. A person who does
not have good judgment and is
easily tricked.
fossil fuels noun, phrase plural.
Coal, oil, etc. that were created in
the earth millions oI years ago.
fuel noun. A substance that
combines with oxygen to produce
heat, light, or other energy.
fungicide noun. A poison that
kills mold, and helps Iruit and
vegetables to look Iresh longer.
germs noun, plural. Bacteria.
glacier noun. A large river oI
Irozen ice and snow that slowly
moves down a mountain.
globe noun. A ball; the earth.
global adfective. All over the
world.
glucose noun. A simple Iorm oI
sugar.
gluten noun. A substance Iound
in wheat, rye, and other grains.
grateful adfective. ThankIul.
greenhouse gas noun phrase.
A gas (such as methane, carbon
dioxide, nitrous oxide) that
aIIect climate. The gas acts like
glass in a greenhouse. It lets the
sun`s heat go in, but not out.
ground meat noun phrase.
Hamburger; beeI or other meat
that has gone through a grinder.
growing season noun phrase.
The time when Iarmers can
grow their crops; when there is
no Irost that would kill plants.
guilty adfective. Eeeling that
one has done something wrong.
habitat noun. A place where a
type oI animal lives.
handicap noun. A disability
such as blindness, lameness,
loss oI an arm, etc.
harbor noun. A place where
ships can saIely dock.
harmful adfective. Causing
pain, illness, or other bad result.
hiking noun. The action oI
walking in nature, through
woods, etc.
immigrant noun. A person who
has leIt his country to live in a
new country.
improperly adverb. Done in the
wrong way.
income tax return noun phrase.
A document (1040 Eorm) with
inIormation about a person`s
income and the tax that must be
paid.
independence noun. The state
oI not belonging to another
person or country.
independent adfective. Paying
Ior one`s own expenses, and
not claimed as a dependent by a
parent or spouse.
industry noun. Eactories and
businesses that produce things.
inspection noun. A close look at
something, to see iI it passes.
internal adfective. Happening
inside, not outside something.
interest noun. Money that a
person pays to use another
person`s money.
intergovernmental adfective.
Erom many countries.
involuntary adfective. Not
controlled by one`s thinking,
but by a lower part oI the brain.
IPCC noun. Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. A
group oI scientists organized
by the UN to report Iacts on
climate change.
3esus noun. Christians believe
he is the son oI God; Christ.
label noun. Writing on a
container that gives inIormation
about what is inside it.
lawn noun. An area oI neatly-
cut grass.
leather noun. The skin oI cows
or other animals, used to make
shoes, handbags, jackets, etc.
leftovers noun, plural. Eood
that was prepared, but not eaten
at a meal and can be eaten later.
Lent noun. A period oI 40 days
beIore Easter, when Catholic
Christians give up some
pleasures.
lice noun, plural oI louse. A
tiny bug that lives in the hair
oI animals. It eats blood, and
causes itching.
line dance noun phrase. A type
oI dance where a person does
not need a partner; all dancers
move together in a line.
local adfective. Nearby; in one`s
own town.
melt verb. To change Irom a
solid to a liquid.
mercury noun. An element, Hg,
a silvery liquid. It is toxic and
can cause brain damage.
meteorology noun. The study oI
weather.
Minutemen noun, plural. The
American Iarmers who trained
to be 'ready in a minute to
Iace British soldiers.
NASA National Aeronautic
and Space Administration.
noun phrase. The agency that
researches space.
NOAA National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
noun phrase. A government
agency that researches weather.
nourishment noun. Eood.
nutrition noun. Eood, vitamins,
and minerals that a body needs.
opaque |oh PAEK| adfective.
Having a solid color; not
translucent.
oxygen noun. An element in air,
O
2
, necessary Ior human liIe.
panel noun. A group oI people
who work together to discuss
and present inIormation.
parasite noun. An animal that
lives inside another animal. It
gets its nutrition Irom the body
oI the larger animal.
Patriot noun. A soldier in the
U.S.`s War Ior Independence.
penalty noun. A punishmenta
Iine or jail term.
perishable adfective. Eood that
can spoil iI it is not kept cold.
perspire verb. To sweat. To
produce Iluid through the skin
when the body is hot.
pesticide noun. A chemical that
kills insects.
polar adfective. Near the north
or south pole.
point of view noun phrase. An
opinion; a way oI seeing things.
poisoning participle of verb
poison. Deadly; able to kill a
person or make him or her sick.
poultry noun. Chickens and
turkeys raised Ior Iood.
power plant noun phrase. A
place where coal or oil are burned
to create electrical energy.
predict verb. To tell what is
going to happen in the Iuture.
pregnant adfective. Expecting
a baby.
prepare verb. To get something
ready, to cook Iood.
produce 1. |PRO doos| noun.
Vegetables and Iruit; Iarm
products. 2. verb. |pro DOOS|
To make.
prove verb. To give Iacts to
show that something is true.
provide verb. To give
something that is needed.
quit verb. To stop doing
something; to leave a job.
raw adfective. Uncooked.
record 1. |REH krd| noun. A
list oI Iacts about events. 2. |ree
KORD| verb. To write down
Iacts or inIormation.
re-enactment noun. An
dramatization oI a historical
event to educate people.
refund noun. Money returned
to a person who has paid too
much.
repair verb. To Iix something
that is broken.
report noun. A document with
inIormation.
resident noun. 1. A person who
lives in an area. 2. A person
who legally lives in the United
States, but is not a citizen.
revolution noun. A turnaround;
a change oI government; a war
Ior independence.
rhythmic adfective. Repeated
over and over at the same pace.
rinse verb. To use water to
wash oII soap or other thing.
rise verb. 1.To go up; to get
up Irom a sleeping position. 2.
To become alive again. risen
participle Iorm oI rise. rose
verb, past form oI rise.
sacrifice noun. The giving up oI
something oI value in exchange
Ior something oI greater value.
salmonella noun. A type oI
bacteria common in eggs,
chicken, and uncooked meat
that can cause upset stomach,
diarrhea, Iever. and headache.
satellite measurements noun
phrase. InIormation that comes
Irom satellites that orbit Iar
above the earth.
seal 1. verb. To close something
tightly, so nothing can get in
it. 2. Noun.A wrapping that,
iI broken, can indicate that a
container has been opened.
season noun. A time oI year.
self-employed adfective.
Working Ior one`s selI.
services noun, plural. A Iormal
time at church when members
sing and pray together, and
listen to lessons Irom the Bible.
severe adfective. Very Iar Irom
normal; very bad.
skeptic noun. A person who
does not believe in something
that most people believe is true.
soil noun. Dirt; the ground that
plants grow in.
solemn adfective. Very serious
and thoughtIul.
species noun. A particular type
oI animal.
spoil verb. To get rotten; to
become dangerous to eat.
spray verb. To spread a Iine
mist oI a liquid.
sprint verb. To run as Iast as
one can Ior a short distance.
squirt verb. To send a thin jet
oI water at something.
starch noun. A Iood element
that comes Irom grains, Ilour,
and some vegetables.
Statue of Liberty noun phrase.
A large statue in N.Y. Harbor, a
giIt Irom the people oI Erance
to the people oI the U.S.
substitute teacher noun phrase.
A person who teaches when the
regular teacher is absent.
support verb. To pay Ior
someone`s living costs.
thaw verb. To change Irom
Irozen to non Irozen.
thermometer noun. A device
Ior measuring temperature.
tip noun. 1. Suggestion Ior
doing something in a better
way. 2. Extra money that people
pay taxi drivers, waiters, etc.
toxin noun. A poison.
trick 1. verb To Iool by lying
or doing magic; 2. noun. A
practical joke.
vanish verb. To disappear and
never be seen again.
vegetarian noun. A person who
eats only vegetable products.
voluntary adfective. Under the
control oI one`s conscious mind.
wiggle verb. To move in a small
way.