INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

www.stratigraphy.org
Eo no t Er hem ath / em Eon Sy /E s te ra m /P eri od Eo no t Er hem ath / em Eon Sy /E s te ra m /P eri od Eo no t Er hem ath / em Eon Sy ste / Era m /P eri od

International Commission on Stratigraphy August 2012

GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSA

GSSP

Series / Epoch

Stage / Age

numerical age (Ma)

present

Series / Epoch

Stage / Age

numerical age (Ma)

145.0 0.8

Series / Epoch

Stage / Age

numerical age (Ma)

358.9 0.4

Eonothem / Eon Erathem / Era System / Period

numerical age (Ma)

~ 541

Quaternary

Holocene Pleistocene Upper Middle Calabrian Gelasian Piacenzian Zanclean Messinian Tortonian Miocene Serravallian Langhian Burdigalian Aquitanian Chattian Oligocene Rupelian

0.0117 0.126 0.781 1.806

Tithonian Upper Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Callovian Bathonian Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian

Ediacaran Neoproterozoic Cryogenian Tonian

152.1 0.9 157.3 1.0

Famennian Upper
372.2 1.6

~ 635 850 1000

Devonian

Jurassic

Pliocene

Middle

Givetian Middle Eifelian

Proterozoic

2.588 3.600 5.333 7.246 11.62 13.82 15.97 20.44 23.03

163.5 1.0 166.1 1.2 168.3 1.3 170.3 1.4 174.1 1.0 182.7 0.7

Frasnian
382.7 1.6 387.7 0.8 393.3 1.2

Stenian Mesoproterozoic
1200

Ectasian
1400

Cenozoic Neogene

Calymmian
1600

Mesozoic

Lower

Pliensbachian
190.8 1.0

Emsian Lower Pragian Lochkovian

419.2 3.2 407.6 2.6 410.8 2.8

Statherian
1800

Precambrian

Sinemurian Hettangian Rhaetian

~ 208.5 199.3 0.3 201.3 0.2

Paleoproterozoic

Orosirian
2050

Pridoli

Rhyacian
2300

Triassic

28.1 33.9

Upper

Norian
~ 228

Silurian

Ludlow Wenlock Llandovery

Paleogene

Priabonian Bartonian Eocene Lutetian

Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic

Middle Lower Lopingian

Phanerozoic Paleozoic Ordovician

Ladinian Anisian Olenekian Induan Changhsingian Wuchiapingian Capitanian Wordian Roadian Kungurian

~ 242 247.2 251.2 252.2 0.5 254.2 0.1 259.9 0.4 265.1 0.4 268.8 0.5 272.3 0.5

Archean

38.0 41.3 47.8

Carnian
~ 235

Ludfordian Gorstian Homerian Sheinwoodian Telychian Aeronian Rhuddanian Hirnantian Katian

423.0 2.3 425.6 0.9 427.4 0.5 430.5 0.7 433.4 0.8 438.5 1.1 440.8 1.2 443.4 1.5 445.2 1.4 453.0 0.7

Siderian Neoarchean Mesoarchean

3200 2500 2800

Ypresian Paleocene Thanetian Selandian Danian Maastrichtian

72.1 0.2 56.0 59.2 61.6 66.0

Upper

Paleoarchean
3600

Sandbian
458.4 0.9

Eoarchean
4000

Middle

Darriwilian Dapingian Floian

467.3 1.1 470.0 1.4 477.7 1.4

Permian

Guadalupian

Hadean
~ 4600 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. Numerical ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous and Precambrian are taken from A Geologic Time Scale 2012 by Gradstein et al. (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous were provided by the relevant ICS subcommissions.

Campanian Upper Santonian Coniacian Turonian

93.9 83.6 0.2 86.3 0.5

Lower
279.3 0.6 290.1 0.1

Tremadocian
485.4 1.9

Cisuralian

Artinskian Sakmarian
295.5 0.4 298.9 0.2

Stage 10

Paleozoic

89.8 0.3

Furongian

Mesozoic Cretaceous

Cenomanian
100.5

Mississippian Pennsylvanian

Upper Middle Lower Upper Middle Lower

Albian
~ 113.0

Carboniferous

Cambrian

Asselian Gzhelian Kasimovian Moscovian Bashkirian Serpukhovian Visean

303.7 0.1 307.0 0.1 315.2 0.2 323.2 0.4 330.9 0.2

Jiangshanian Paibian Guzhangian Drumian

Stage 5

~ 489.5 ~ 494 ~ 497 ~ 500.5 ~ 504.5 ~ 509

Series 3

Aptian
~ 125.0

Stage 4 Series 2 Stage 3

~ 521 ~ 514

Lower

Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian

~ 139.8 ~ 129.4 ~ 132.9

Stage 2
346.7 0.4

Coloring follows the Commission for the Geological Map of the World. http://www.ccgm.org Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, S. Finney, P.L. Gibbard (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2012

Terreneuvian Fortunian

~ 529

Berriasian

Tournaisian
358.9 0.4

~ 145.0

541.0 1.0