CHE141

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations

1. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficients are ____________. NH3 (g) + O2 (g) (a). 1, 1, 1, 1 (b). 2, 3, 2, 3 (c). 4, 7, 4, 6 (d). 1, 3, 1, 2 Explanation: When dealing with any equation with molecular O2 avoid using fractional coefficients. 2. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficients are ____________. Al(NO3)3 + Na2S (a). 4, 6, 3, 2 (b). 2, 1, 3, 2 (c). 1, 1, 1, 1 (d).2, 3, 1, 6 3. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al2O3 is _________. Al2O3 (s) + C (s) + Cl2 (g) (a) 4 (b). 3 (c). 2 (d).1 4. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of H2S is____________. FeCl3 (aq) + H2S (g) (a). 1 (b).3 (c). 2 (d). 5 Fe2S3 (s) + HCl (aq) AlCl3 (s) + CO (g) Al2S3 + NaNO3 NO2 (g) + H2O (g)

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CHE141

Chapter 3

5. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of HCl is __________. CaCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) (a). 0.5 (b).2 (c). 3 (d). 4 6. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of C3H8O3 is ___________. C3H8O3 (g) + O2 (g) (a). 4 (b). 3 (c). 2 (d). 7 7. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of O2 is__________. C2H4O (g) + O2 (g) (a). 5 (b). 3 (c). 4 (d). 2 8. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of hydrogen is __________. K (s) + H2O (l) (a). 2 (b).1 (c). 3 (d). 4 9. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of dinitrogen pentoxide is ______________. N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) (a). 4 (b). 2 (c). 3 (d).1 HNO3 (aq) KOH (aq) + H2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (g) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (1)

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CHE141

Chapter 3

10. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of nitric acid is __________. (a). 5 (b).2 (c). 3 (d). 4 N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) HNO3 (aq)

11. The balanced equation for the decomposition of sodium azide is __________. (a). 2NaN3 (s) (b). 2NaN3 (s) (c). NaN3 (s) (d). None of the above 2 Na (s) + 3N2 (g) Na2 (s) + 3N2 (g) Na (s) + N2 (g)

12. How many moles of carbon atoms are in 4 mol of dimethylsulfoxide (C2H6SO)? (a). 2 (b). 6 (c). 8 (d). 4 Explanation: This is based on reading the formula and correctly extracting information from it. The formula C2H6SO indicates that every mole of this compound has 2 moles of carbon atoms in it. Thus 4 moles of the compound would have 4 x 2 = 8 moles of C atoms. 13. There are ______ sulfur atoms in 25 molecules of C4H4S2. (a). 1.5 x 1025 (b). 4.8 x 1025 (c). 3.0 x 1023 (d).50 Explanation: The molecular formula indicates that every molecule of C4H4S2 has 2 sulfur atoms per molecule and hence 25 molecules of this compound will have 25 x 2 = 50 atoms of sulfur. 14. There are _______ hydrogen atoms in 25 molecules of C4H4S2. (a). 25 (b). 3.8 x 1024 (c). 6.0 x 1025 (d).100

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CHE141

Chapter 3

Explanation: The formula of C4H4S2 indicates that there are 4 hydrogen atoms per molecule and hence 100 hydrogen atoms in 25 molecules of C4H4S2. 15. How many carbon atoms are contained in a sample of C3H8O that contains 200 molecules? (a). 600 (b). 200 (c). 3.61 x 1026 (d). 1.20 x 1026 16. How many grams of oxygen are in 65.0 g of C2H2O2? (a). 18 (b). 29 (c). 9.5 (d).35.8 Explanation: This question uses the mole to mole ratio between oxygen and C2H2O2 and needs the following steps. 65.0 g C 2H 2O 2 2 moles O 15.99 g O $ $ = 35.8 g of O #1 58.0 g " mol 1 mole C 2H 2O 2 1 mole of O 17. How many moles of carbon dioxide are there in 52.06 g of carbon dioxide?
!

(a). 0.8452 (b).1.183 (c). 1.183 x 1023 (d). 8.648 x 102 Explanation: This is a straight-forward conversion from grams to moles of CO2 which is done as follows: 1 mole CO 2 52.06 g CO 2 ! = 1.183 moles of CO 2 43.99 g CO 2 18. How many moles of the compound magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2, are in a2.35 g sample of this compound? (a) (b) (c) (d) 38.4 65.8 0.0158 0.0261

Explanation: This is a straight-forward conversion from grams to moles of Mg(NO3)2 which is done as follows:

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CHE141

Chapter 3

2.35 g Mg(NO 3 ) 2 !

1 mole Mg(NO 3 ) 2 = 0.0158moles 148.3148 g

19. A 25.5-g sample of ammonium carbonate contains _______ mol of ammonium ions. (a). 0.468 (b). 0.288 (c). 0.531 (d). 2.00 Explanation: Realize that the formula for ammonium carbonate is (NH4)2CO3 and calculate the molar mass (96.0856 g/mol). Convert grams to moles and then using the stoichiometric ratio find the # of moles of ammonium ions. 1 mol (NH 4 )2 CO 3 2 moles NH + 4 25.5 g (NH 4 )2 CO 3 ! ! = 0.531 moles 96.0856 g 1 mol (NH 4 )2 CO 3 20. Magnesium and nitrogen react in a combination reaction to produce magnesium nitride: 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2

In a particular experiment, a 5.47-g sample of N2 reacts completely. How many grams of Mg are needed for this reaction? (a). 14.2 g (b). 24.1 g (c). 16.1 g (d). 0.92 g Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced. The grams of N2 must be converted to moles of N2 and then using the stoichiometric ratio between the Mg and N2, the grams of Mg can be calculated.

5.47 g N 2 !

1 mole N 2 3 mole Mg 24.3050 g Mg ! ! = 14.2 g Mg 28.0134 g 1 mole N 2 1mole Mg

21. The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO2 and H2O: 4NH3 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4NO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)

How many grams of oxygen will the combustion of 208.5 g of ammonia consume? (a). 94.9 g (b). 54.1 g (c). 223.9 g Copyright 2006 Dr. Harshavardhan D. Bapat 5

CHE141 (d).685.5 g

Chapter 3

Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced and then convert the grams of ammonia to moles. Using the stoichiometric ratio between ammonia and oxygen calculate the grams of oxygen required. Pay attention to the molar masses being use here. 1 mol NH 3 7 moles O 2 31.998 g O 2 208.5 g NH 3 ! ! ! = 685.5 g O 2 17.031 g 4 moles NH 3 1 mole O 2 22. The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO2 and H2O: 4NH3 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4NO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)

How many grams of NO2 will be produced by the combustion of 208.5 g of ammonia? (a). 205.8 g (b). 208.5 g (c). 563.2 g (d). 954.2 g Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced and then convert the grams of ammonia to moles. Using the stoichiometric ratio between ammonia and NO2 calculate the grams of NO2 required 1 mol NH 3 4 moles NO 2 46.005 g NO 2 208.5 g NH 3 ! ! ! = 563.2 g NO 2 17.031 g 4 moles NH 3 1 mole NO 2 23. Calcium carbide (CaC2) reacts with water to produce acetylene (C2H2): CaC2 (s) + 2H2O (g) Ca(OH)2 (s) + C2H2 (g)

How many g of H2O will be required for the production of 3.5 kg of C2H2? (a). 4500 g (b). 9.0 g (c). 1800 g (d) 4.8 x 103g Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced. It is important to convert the kilograms of C2H2 to grams first and then to moles of acetylene. Using the stoichiometric factor between acetylene and water the grams of water can be calculated. 1 mole 2 moles H 2 O 18.015 g 3.5 ! 10 3 g C 2 H 2 ! ! ! = 4.8 ! 10 3 g H 2 O 26.038 g 1 mole C 2 H 2 1 mole

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CHE141

Chapter 3

24. Under appropriate conditions, nitrogen and hydrogen react to yield ammonia: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

How many grams of hydrogen will be needed to react completely with 75.8 g of N2? (a). 51.3 g (b) 16.4 g (c). 121 g (d). 25.3 g Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced. Convert the grams of nitrogen to moles of nitrogen. Using the stoichiometric factor between nitrogen and hydrogen the grams of hydrogen can be calculated. 1 mole N 2 3 moles H 2 2.016 g H 2 75.8 g N 2 ! ! ! = 16.4 g H 2 28.014 g 1 mole N 2 1 mole H 2 25. Lead (II) carbonate decomposes to give lead (II) oxide and carbon dioxide: PbCO3 (s) PbO (s) + CO2 (g)

How many grams of lead (II) carbonate should decompose completely to produce 20.0 g of lead (II) oxide? (a). 0.41 g (b). 20.0 g (c) 23.9 g (d). 20.9 g Explanation: Ensure that the equation is balanced. Convert the grams of lead (II) oxide to moles of lead (II) oxide. Using the stoichiometric factor between lead (II) oxide and lead (II) carbonate the grams of lead (II) carbonate can be calculated. 1 mole PbO 1 mole PbCO 3 267.208 g PbCO 3 20.0 g PbO ! ! ! = 23.9 g PbCO 3 223.199 g 1 mole PbO 1 mole PbCO 3 26. GeF3H is formed from GeH4 and GeF4 in the combination reaction: GeH4 + 3GeF4 4GeF3H

If the reaction yield is 92.6%, how many moles of GeF4 are needed to produce 8.00 mol of GeF3H? (a). 3.24 (b).6.48 (c). 5.56

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CHE141 (d). 2.16

Chapter 3

Explanation: This question is based on the ideas of actual, theoretical and percent yields. According to the balanced equation 3 moles of GeF4 would produce 4 moles of GeF3H if the yield was 100% (which would be the theoretical yield). The % yield is only 92.6% meaning only 92.6% of 4 moles of GeF3H (0.926 x 4 = 3.704 moles) will be produced. To produce 8 moles of GeF3H, theoretically 6 moles of GeF4 will be required, but since the %yield is only 92.6%, the # of moles of GeF4 required = 8.00 moles GeF3 H ! 3 moles GeF4 = 6.48 moles GeF4 3.704 moles GeF3 H 27. When a substance burns in air, what component of air reacts? (a). oxygen (b). nitrogen (c). carbon dioxide (d). water 28. Of the reactions below, which one is not a combination reaction? (a). C + O2 (b). 2Mg + O2 (c). CaO + H2O (d).2CH4 + 4O2 CO2 2 MgO Ca (OH) 2 2CO2 + 4H2O

29. Of the reactions below, which one is a decomposition reaction? (a). NH4Cl (b). 2Mg + O2 (c). 2N2 + 3H2 (d). Cd(NO3)2 + Na2S NH3 + HCl 2 MgO 2NH3 CdS + 2NaNO3

30. Which of the following are combination reactions? (1). (2). (3). (4). CH4 (g) + O2 (g) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) 4Fe (s) + 3O2 (g) PbCO3 (s) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) CaCO3 (s) 2Fe2O3 (s) PbO (s) + CO2 (g)

(a). 1, 2, and 3 only (b).2 and 3 only (c). All of them (d). 2, 3, and 4 only

Copyright 2006 Dr. Harshavardhan D. Bapat

CHE141 31. The mass % of Al in aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) is ________. (a). 7.886 (b). 21.93 (c). 15.77 (d). 45.70

Chapter 3

Explanation: Calculate the formula mass of aluminum sulfate first (= 342.143 g/mol) and then divide the mass of the aluminum present in aluminum sulfate by the formula mass. Dont forget to multiply by 100% 2 ! Molar mass of Al (26.98 g/mol) ! 100% = 15.77% Formula mass of aluminum sulfate (342.143 g/mol) 32. The formula weight of a substance is __________. (a). the same as the percent by mass weight (b). determined by combustion analysis (c). the sum of atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula (d). the weight of a sample of the substance. 33. The mass % of C in methane (CH4) is _________. (a). 25.13 (b). 13.36 (c). 92.26 (d).74.87 Explanation: Calculate the formula mass of methane first (= 16.042 g/mol) and then divide the mass of the carbon present in the methane by the formula mass. Dont forget to multiply by 100% ' 12.01g/mol (mass of C present) $ % % 16.042g/mol (molar mass of methane) " ! 100% = 74.87% " & # 34. One mole of ____________ contains the largest number of atoms. (a). S8 (b).C10H8 (c). Al2(SO4)3 (d). Na3PO4 Explanation: This question is based on the definition of a mole and the number of atoms in a given formula. One mole of molecules = 6.022 x 1023 molecules. Since the molecules of each substance here are made of a different number of atoms, the one with the largest number of atoms in its formula (18 in C10H8) will be the answer.

Copyright 2006 Dr. Harshavardhan D. Bapat

CHE141 35. One million argon atoms is ___________ mol of argon atoms. (a). 1.7 x 10-18 (b). 6.0 x 1023 (c). 1.7 x 10+18 (d). 1.0 x 10+6

Chapter 3

Explanation: By definition, one mole of argon atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms. The number of moles of argon atoms equal to 1 million argon atoms can then be calculated by: 1.0 " 106 atoms of Ar = 1.7 " 10!18 moles of Argon atoms 23 6.022 " 10 atoms/mole 36. There are __________ atoms of oxygen in 300 molecules of CH3CO2H. (a). 600 (b). 150 (c). 3.01 x 1024 (d). 3.61 x 1026 Explanation: Since there are 2 atoms of oxygen per molecule of CH3CO2H, there are 2 x 300 = 600 atoms of oxygen present. 37. How many molecules of CH4 are in 48.2 g of this compound? (a). 5.00 x 1024 (b). 3.00 (c). 2.90 x 1025 (d).1.81 x 1024 Explanation: Convert the grams of methane to moles of methane first and then using the definition of a mole, calculate the # of molecules. Since the question is asking for the number of molecules in 48.2 g of methane, the answer will be a large number. 1 mole CH 4 6.022 ! 1023 molecules 48.2 g CH 4 ! ! = 1.81 ! 1024 molecules of CH 4 16.042 g 1 mole CH 4 38. A sample of CH2F2 with a mass of 20.0 g contains _______ atoms of F. (a). 2.2 x 1023 (b). 40.0 (c). 4.63 x 1023 (d). 4.6 x 10-23

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CHE141

Chapter 3

Explanation: Convert the grams of CH2F2 to moles first and then using the definition of a mole, calculate the # of molecules. Now use the number of atoms of F per mole to find the number of fluorine atoms. Since the question is asking for the number of atoms in 20.0 g of CH2F2, the answer will be a large number. 1 mole CH 2 F2 6.022 ! 1023 molecules CH 2 F2 2 atoms F 20.0 g CH 2 F2 ! ! ! 52.022 g CH 2 F2 1 mole CH 2 F2 1 molecule CH 2 F2

= 4.63 ! 1023 atoms F

39. How many atoms of nitrogen are in 100.0 g of NH4NO3? (a). 3.5 (b).1.50 x 1024 (c). 1.50 x 1023 (d). 1.8 Explanation: Convert the grams of NH4NO3 to moles first and then using the definition of a mole, calculate the # of molecules. Now use the number of atoms of N per mole to find the number of nitrogen atoms. Since the question is asking for the number of atoms of N in 100.0 g of NH4NO3, the answer will be a large number. 1 mole NH 4 NO3 6.022 ! 1023 molecules of NH 4 NO3 2 atoms N 100.0 g NH 4 NO3 ! ! ! 80.0424 g NH 4 NO3 1 mole NH 4 NO3 1 mole NH 4 NO3

= 1.50 ! 1024 atoms of N

40. What is the mass in grams of 9.76 x 1018 atoms of magnesium? (a). 24.30 (b). 1.62 x 10-11 (c). 3.94 x 104 (d).None of the above Explanation: Convert the number of atoms to number of moles and then using the molar mass of magnesium, calculate the number of grams. As the number of atoms is being converted to grams the answer will be a small number. 1 mole Mg atoms 24.305 g Mg 9.76 " 1018 atoms Mg " " = 3.94 " 10! 4 g of Mg 23 6.022 " 10 atoms 1 mole Mg

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CHE141

Chapter 3

41. Calculate the number of sulfur dioxide molecules in 1.58 moles of sulfur dioxide. How many molecules of oxygen is this number equal to? (a). 1.08 x 1023 (b). 6.02 x 10-24 (c). 9.51 x 1024 (d). 1.08 x 1024 Explanation: Convert the number of moles to number of molecules of SO2 and then to atoms of oxygen. Need to find the number of molecules of oxygen after this. 6.022 ! 1023 molecules 2 atoms of O 1 molecule O 2 1.58 moles of SO 2 ! ! ! 1 mole of SO 2 1 molecule of SO 2 2 atoms of O
= 9.51 ! 1024 molecules of O 2

42. A nitrogen oxide is 30.4% by mass nitrogen. The molecular formula could be ____________. (a). NO (b). N2O4 (c). either NO2 or N2O4 (d). NO2 Explanation: Calculate the mass percent of nitrogen in each of the oxides based on the molar mass of the oxide and the mass of nitrogen present in it. 14.007 For NO, mass % of N = ! 100% = 46.7% 30.006 Doing similar calculations for the rest N2O4: 30.4%, NO2: 30.4% 43. A sulfur oxide is 50.0% by mass sulfur. Its molecular formula could be ___________. (a). SO2 (b). SO (c). S24 (d).Both SO2 or S2O4 Explanation: Calculate the mass percent of sulfur in each of the oxides based on the molar mass of the oxide and the mass of sulfur present in it. SO2 is one of the correct answers but so is S2O4, so do not stop at just the SO2. 32.065 For SO 2 , mass % of S = ! 100% = 50.0% 64.058 Doing similar calculations for the others SO = 66.7% and S2O4 = 50.0%.

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CHE141

Chapter 3

44. Which hydrocarbon pair below has identical mass percentage of C? (a). C3H4 and C3H6 (b). C2H4 and C3H4 (c). C2H4 and C3H6 (d). C2H4 and C4H2 Explanation: Calculate the mass percent of carbon in each of the hydrocarbons based on the molar mass of the hydrocarbon and the mass of carbon present in it. 24.022 For C 2 H 4 , mass % of C = ! 100% = 85.6% 28.052 Doing similar calculations for others, C3H6 = 85.6%, C3H4 = 89.9% and C4H2 = 95.9%

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