VEDIC MATHEMATICS

VEDIC MATHEMATICS
VEDIC MATHEMATICS
"India was the motherland of our race and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages. India was the mother of our philosophy, of much of our mathematics, of the ideals embodied in Christianity...of self-government and democracy. In many ways, Mother India is the mother of us all." - Will Durant, American Historian 1885-1981 What is an ancient system of mathematics that is being taught in some of the most prestigious institutions in England and Europe and not in India? It is Vedic mathematics-a long forgotten technique for mathematical calculations! It is amazing how with the help of 16 sutras and 16 upa-sutras you will be able to solve/calculate complex mathematical problems-mentally! The basic roots of Vedic mathematics lie in Vedas jus as basic roots of Hinduism. Vedic Maths form part of Jyothisha which is one of the six Vedangas. To many Indians Vedic and Sanskrit slokas/manthras are relevant only for religious purposes/occasions. But Vedas (written around 1500-900 BCE) in fact are a treasure house of knowledge and human experience-both secular and spiritual. Here you will will get an idea about the power of Vedic Mathematics. Vedic Number Representation Vedic knowledge is in the form of slokas or poems in Sanskrit verse. A number was encoded using consonant groups of the Sanskrit alphabet, and vowels were provided as additional latitude to the author in poetic composition. The coding key is given as Kaadi nav, taadi nav, paadi panchak, yaadashtak ta ksha shunyam Translated as below Varnmala ka kha ga gha gna cha chha ja jha inja ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sha sha sa ha chjha tra gna letter "ka" and the following eight letters letter "ta" and the following eight letters letter "pa" and the following four letters letter "ya" and the following seven letters, and letter "ksha" for zero. In other words, ka, ta, pa, ya = 1 kha, tha, pha, ra = 2 ga, da, ba, la = 3 gha, dha, bha, va = 4 gna, na, ma, scha = 5 cha, ta, sha = 6 chha, tha, sa = 7 ja, da, ha = 8 jha, dha = 9

VEDIC MATHEMATICS ksha = 0 Thus pa pa is 11, ma ra is 52. Words kapa, tapa , papa, and yapa all mean the same that is 11 As the name suggests "Vedic Mathematics" has originated from "Vedas".It has originated from " Atherva Veda" the foourth Veda.It helps to solve problems at a much faster speed which one can realize only when one practises. The ancient system of "Vedic Mathematics" was rediscovered from the vedas between 1911 and 1918 by Sri Bharti Krsna Tirathaji.According to his research all of Mathematics is based on 16 sutras(word formulas)and 13 subsutras.The simplicity of "Vedic Mathematics" means that answer can be obtained in one line. Being a mental system students progress faster in terms of mental ability. We will now start learning some simple techniques of multiplication:

Finding square of 2 digit numbers

Numbers ending with 0
Its quiet simple known to everybody.Need not explain! Example:302 = 900

Numbers ending with 1

Let the number be .Since its a number ending with ,hence its more than the number ending with .Square of may be obtained easily.Now may be obtained as Or we can follow stepwise procedure as given below: 1. Subtract from the number and square it. 2. Add the original number and the number minus . 3. Add the results of step 1 and step 2. Example:

Example:

Numbers ending with 2

Let the number be .Since its a number ending with ,hence its 2 more than the number ending with 0.Square of x-2 may be obtained easily.Now may be obtained as: 1. Subtract from the number and square it. 2. Add the original number and the number minus and multiply by . 3. Add the results of step 1 and step 2. Example:

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Example:

Numbers ending with 5

Consider any two digit number x = a|b. This means a number "x" whose digit at unit's place is "b" and digit at ten's place is "a"i.e. 27=2|7,or we can say that "|" is digit separator.Its square may be given as a.(a+1)|25.That is the last two digits are always 25 and the digit at hundred's place is the product of the number at ten's place "a" multiplied by "a+1". Example:

Numbers ending with 9

1. Add 1 to the number and square it. 2. Add original number and (number+1). 3. Subtract number obtained in step 2 from number obtained in step 1. In other words Example:

Numbers Starting with 5

These are numbers where digit at ten's place is 5 that is numbers of the type 5|a ,where a is the digit at unit's place(or we can say that "|" is a digit separator). Its square is given by . 1. Note that this will be a 4 digit number. 2. First two digits from left are given by 3. Next two digits from left are Example:

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The General Rule

Consider any two digit number place is .Its square may be given as
Example:

. This means a number whose digit at unit's place is and number at ten's

(there can not be two digits at unit's place ,so 2 is carried over)

Another Alternative
Consider any two digit number . This means a number "x" whose digit at unit's place is "b" and number at ten's place is "a".Its square may be obtained as follows: 1. Digit at unit's place is 2. Digit at ten's place is 3. Digit at hundred's place is Example: (Keep the right-most digit and the left digit will be carried over) + carry over from step 2

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Multiplication of Two Digit numbers

Multiplication of Any Two Digit Numbers by 99
Let be any number where is the digit at ten's place and is the digit at unit's place e.g. the number 76=7|6 or we can say that "|" is a digit separator. Then

Example:

Same digit at Ten's place & sum of digits at Unit's place is 10

Let the two numbers be x=a|b and y=a|d Which means that digits at ten's place of these numbers is "a" and the digits at unit's place are "b" and "d" resp. with the condition that b+d=10.The product x.y is simply calculated as

Example:

Any Two 2 Digit Numbers

Let the two numbers be x=a|b and y=c|d where as explained earlier a and c are digits at ten's place and band d are digits at unit's place. Now the product . Let me explain this in the following steps: 1. The product will be a 4 digit number 2. Digit at unit's place (if these are 2 digits one will be carried over) 3. Digit at ten's place is +carried over from step 1((if these are 2 digits one will be carried over) 4. Digit at remaining two places are given by +carry over from step 3. Example:

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Article Sources and Contributors

VEDIC MATHEMATICS Source: http://wikieducator.org/index.php?oldid=325768 Contributors: Gita Mathur, Promilakumar

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